8 Anne were, in their short lives (none livd beyond 39 years) to write some of the most popular and widely read novels of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Their father, the Rev. Patrick, an "eccentrick character by his own account, stands out as a man of remarkable will and stamina, who drove himself (despite his "l his beautiful daughter Aiice. ~c~lorv stern, sober and off-putting character) to intended that, in time, his daughter would overcome great hardships and achieve wed a fellow Catholic. However, Alice met fairly ambitious goals. It is now generally and fell in love with a Protestant named forgotten that he wrote and published two j Hugh Prunt (or Prunty). McClory, by all volumes of poems, two narratives, several accounts, was a hard-drinking, irritable, pamphlets on a wide variety of subjects, violent man who wielded a big stick and many sermons and most of these were chased away any would-be suitors. When printed before his marriage (1812). he learned of Prunt he became irate but Whether or not his expectations were invited him to his house, where he offered satisfied we do not know. When he was him drink. Prunt, who was abstemious, appointed Rector of Haworth (W. Yorks.), refused the libation, so McClory in a rage, he seems to have settled down to a quiet with some of his sons and relations, beat existence as a country parson. Haworth him up and sent him packing. was then an important place, as David McClory now decided that Alice Wilson has pointed out in his excellent should be married quietly and quickly to a essay on Emily Br~nte,~in the industrial local Catholic farmer named Byrne, a revolution and its attendant social unrest neighbour. The banns were called and the which later resulted in the Queen's wedding arranged to take place in the proclamation of the Riot Act against the McClory home, as was then the custom. It rebellious workers of the West Riding of was then usual for the bridegroom, in the Yorkshire during Charlotte's lifetime. On north of Ireland, to ride with his friends to his wife's death her sister travelled north meet his intended bride at her home. Charlotte Bronte. from Cornwall to Haworth, with her There drinks would be waiting and the Photo: Courtesy Audrey Hall. baggage and her Methodism, to act man who drank the first cup would unselfishly as a stern but just housekeeper become the bridegroom. So his friends assistance on the grounds of poverty. and surrogate mother to the young Bronte allowed Byrne to reach the house first. Taking his degree (1806),5 he was children. When he arrived he learned that Alice had ordained a clergyman of the Church of The Rev. Patrick struggled hard to free fled. She had last been seen, by her England. While he was curate at Hartstead himself of Ireland and all things Irish to neighbours, riding over the bogs in her in 1812 he married the Cornish-born become a respectable Anglican clergy- wedding dress with a stranger on a black Maria Branwell, who died in 1821 after man, graduate of one of the 'two' ivy- horse. Byrne, with McClory and the bearing six children. They all died rather league English universities, and Vicar of wedding party, set out in pursuit, but they young - their average age at death was 25 Haworth. The Yorkshire Brontes had all never overtook Alice. On their return years. These were Maria, born 1813, the Victorian English prejudices against home, they found a note inviting them to Elizabeth, born 1815 - both died in 1825 Ireland and the Catholic Irish in abun- drink the health of the bride, who was by due to the rigid discipline and discomfort dance. They had all the fanatical fervour of then Mrs. Hugh Prunt (or Prunty). Hugh of a private boarding school at Cowan the newly converted, forgetting their later changed his name to Bruntee (or Bridge; Charlotte, born at Thornton, near Catholic great-grandfather, who had Branty), and his wife, Alice, changed her Bradford (Yorks.), 21st April 1816, author written in Irish at least one poem on the religion.' They had 102or E3children and of several novels including Jane Eyre then Catholic Archbishop of Armagh; they continued to farm in northern Ireland. (1847), Shirley (1849), Villette (1853), conveniently forgot or pretended to forget Here Patrick Bruntee (or Branty) - the under the pen-name of Currer Bell; and ignore their Banbridge grandparents; future father of Charlotte Bronte - was Patrick Branwell, born 1817, who died in they overlooked their Irish Protestantism born in 1777. He later changed his name 1848 aged 30, having drugged himself on and their Irish Catholicism alike. They to Bronte when he went to Cambridge. laudanum and drink and God knows what also forgot or pretended to forget that Patrick Bronte was a remarkable man,4 else, including a one-sided involvement their father, by birth if not by tempera- who first began earning his living at a very (unreciprocated) with his employer's wife. ment, = Irish. Yet, like the other early age as a blacksmith and later as a However, Patrick Branwell was, in many Yorkshire Brontes, Charlotte was Irish in linen-weaver. He was largely self-educated ways, a much maligned man. The younger many ways, not least in her literary and at sixteen became headmaster of a daughters were Emily Jane, born 30 July genius, as one of her editors has correctly small school at Drumgooland, Co. Down. 1818, authoress of Wuthering Heights and intimated: "Has it ever been sufficiently He later became tutor to the sons of a Agnes Grey and Poems (all published in recognised that Charlotte Bronte is first Methodist clergyman. Having saved as 1846 under her pen-name of Ellis Bell) and and foremost an Irishwoman, that her much money as he could he entered the Anne, born 1820, authoress of Poems genius is at bottom a Celtic genius? The University of Cambridge as a sizar at the under the pen-name of Acton Bell. Of main characteristics indeed of a Celt are age of twenty-five, receiving financial these six children, Charlotte, Emily and all hers - disinterestedness, melancholy, Postcard of Moore's Hotel, posted in 1905. Limerick Museum.

wildness, a wayward force and passion, Arthur never spoke of it due to his natural matters so fell out that I saw little of forever wooed by sounds and sights to diffidence and good breeding. Dr. Alan him. He continued to write. The corres- which other natures are insensible - by Bell was headmaster of this outstanding pondence pressed on my mind. I grew murmurs of the soul, that speak of the school and from there, in July 1836, very miserable in keeping it from papa. Celtic sense as to no other ... Then, as to Arthur Bell Nichols, then aged 18, entered At last sheer pain made me gather the Celtic pride, the Celtic shyness, the Trinity College, Dublin, as a pensioner (of courage to break it. I told all. It was very Celtic endurance, - Charlotte Bronte was Dr. Bell) and graduated BA in the spring hard and rough work at the time, but the rich in them alLn7In Shirley (1849), of 1844.12He was duly ordained a priest of issue after a few days was that I obtained Charlotte had pilloried the "typical" the Church of England and, by the time of leave to continue the communication. Irishman as "boisterous, vain, and mean; his marriage, had spent eight years as Mr. Nicholls came in January 118541, pressed, she would also admit to believing curate at Haworth and was by then well he was ten days in the neighbourhood. I the Irish shiftless and dirt^."^ These acquainted with the vagaries and life-styles saw much of him. I had stipulated with prejudices would remain with her until her of the Bronte family. Charlotte dismissed papa for opportunity to become better only visit to Ireland, when they were him originally as one of the 'highly un- acquainted. I had it, and all I learnt partially allayed. Her sisters, Emily Jane 'a interesting, narrow and unattractive inclined me to esteem and affection. Still greater poet than Charlotte' as Virginia specimens of the coarser sex.''3 At the papa was very, very hostile, bitterly Woolf has astutely pointed out,gand Anne same time auly 1846) she had denied a unjust. demonstrate many characteristics of their report of an engagement to Nichols.14 "I told Mr. Nicholls the great obstacle Irishness in their poetry. However, this may have been a case of the that lay in the way. He has persevered. In 1846 the Rev. Arthur Bell Nicholls lady protesting too much as the Irish The result of this, his last visit, is, that was appointed curate to the Rev. Patrick curate is alluded to in her novel Shirley papa's consent is gained, that his res- Bronte at Haworth. Now the Brontes had (1849) as the 'true Christian gentleman' pect, I believe, is won, for Mr. Nicholls the opportunity of observing another who had succeeded the three curates. has in all things proved himself dis- Irishman at close quarters, for the new In December 1852 Nicholls proposed interested and forbearing. Certainly I curate was born at Tully Farm, Co. marriage to Charlotte, declared his love, must respect him, nor can I with-hold Antrim, in 1818, the son of a farmer, was referred to her father and although from him more than mere cool respect. William Nichols, as the name was then she then returned his affection, her father In fact ... I am engaged ..."l5 written. When Arthur and his brother, considered his curate unworthy of his, by Alan, were young both their parents died then, famous daughter. Charlotte was On Thursday, 29th June 1854, the Rev. and the children were reared by their therefore forced to refuse him at her Arthur Bell Nicholls was married to maternal uncle, Dr. Alan Bell10 (d.1839) father's dictation. There seems also to Charlotte Bronte 'wearing a black satin and his wife Harriet Lucinda (nee have been some financial consideration, as dress, white bridal mantle and white Adamson), at Cuba House, Banagher, Charlotte was now sole heir to her father, bonnet trimmed with green leaves ...'lqn King's County, now Co. Offaly. Here the who may have considered Nicholls as an Haworth Church. The bride was suffering young Nichols were educated by their opportunist. At any rate, Nicholls was now from a cold and the Rev. Patrick, in a last Uncle Dr. Bell in his famous private in an intolerable position and resigned his momentary fit of pique refused to attend school, where Dr. (later Sir) William curacy, leaving Haworth. Later the Rev. the service, affecting illness. The cere- Wilde and his brothers were educated. Patrick relented his unreasonable indig- mony was performed by the Rev Sutcliffe Cuba House was the home of the Royal nation when he saw that his daughter's Sowden, a friend of Nicholls. The newly- School, a large three-storey Georgian health was suffering. According to weds came in mid-July 1854 to Kilkee, house, now unfortunately long since Charlotte (writing in April 1854) the Co. Clare, for the greater part of their demolished; here Charlotte stayed on her reconciliation took place as follows: honeymoon. honeymoon and was 'agreeably surprised by its splendour'.ll It is clear that the "Mr. Nicholls came on Monday, and was young Nichols brothers were reared in here all the week. Matters have pro- m~chgreater opulence than the young gressed thus since July 118531. He In July 1854 Kilkee was little more than a Brontes were at Haworth, but the Rev. renewed his visit in September, but then village of no more than 419 houses, of which 314 were occupied, and a total town population of a little over 1,869.17 In summertime when visitors arrived the population doubled, or trebled at most, depending then, as now, on the weather. Visitors first began to frequent Kilkee in reasonable numbers as early as 1794, mainly from Limerick city and county, when the small local population rented their tiny homes or 'salt-water lodges,'I8 as they were usually called. From the late 1790s to the 1820s and afterwards, visitors continued to arrive in ever increasing numbers, with the exception of a number of years during the Napoleonic wars, when for some reason, increased prosperity perhaps, they seem to have deserted Kilkee for Miltown-Malbay. However, a map of Kilkee in 1811 shows that there was a little cluster of houses, 12 in number, on the present Carrigaholt Road, about one mile from the beach.lg This map shows the MacDonnell residence, Kilkee House, then in a ruinous state, on the western side of the bay. The MacDonnells The West End Hotel (centre distance) c.1855, from J. Ruddock's lithograph were extensive landlords of the western of the Town and Bay of Kilkee. National Library of Ireland. side of Kilkee. Atlantic Lodge, later enlarged and called Atlantic House, the newspaper; the same advertisement noted as the journey was, it was not performed residence of the local middleman to the that 'A Butcher and a Baker have been without much fatigue. There was no other Marquis of Conyngham, George Studdert established at Kilkee.'26 Mason, in 1816, means of conveyance than a turfboat. On of the Clonderlaw family, is shown on the described Kilkee as a 'remarkable for a that account a week was required for north-eastern side of the bay. Sandhills fine bathing strand, and many neat salt performing that which can be gone stood where Kilkee now stands. water lodges, on the interesting shore of through now in a few hours.' Malone The MacDonnells had left Kilkee the Atlantic Ocean' and added that George further added: House in the middle of the 18th century Studdert 'has erected several other houses for New Hall, Killone, Ennis, though it round the White Strand.'27The 'White yust fifty years ago, Kilkee, consisted of a served as a dower house for a widow of Strand' here referred to is the strand of smithy and two huts on either side of it. that family until her death in April 1788.20 Dough, as Kilkee (the eastern portion in Prophets' ken was necessary to see it It then appears to have been sold, or particular) was then generally named. expand into its present dimensions. The perhaps let, to Michael Comyn of Mason observed that the Protestant rudest shed satisfied the invalided Corbally, north of Kilkee, the father of the Church at Kilfearagh served 'a large visitor. Shells of ocean were the cups famous parish priest of the same name, congregation in the summer from which he drank sweetest beverage. immortalised by Charles Lever in some of By 1821 Kilkee had a population of 409 And as the building was improvised on a his works. Fr. Comyn was pastor of the (83 families) living in 81 houses. There sandy foundation it not infrequently fell. then united parishes of Kilfearagh were 30 uninhabited houses, while 9 This circumstance, together with the (Kilkee) and Killard (Doonbeg) when others were being built." The census of taste imparted with the strangers, urged Charlotte honeymooned there, but it is that year stated that it 'was resorted to by the native resident to essay a more solid most unlikely that they ever met. Kilkee the citizens of Limerick in the bathing and tastefil house. The profit ofthe lodge House was advertised in June, 1793,21as season' and that George Studdert had in each year was laid out in its enlarge- available for the bathing season. By 1800 it established 'tepid baths' there.30 ment or improvement. In one season the had 'almost gone to ruin.Iz2 Writing in 1867, the local curate, Fr. clay floor gave way to the boarded one. The Studderts were early visitors to Sylvester Malone (in a letter to Gladstone) In another, the chinks through which the Kilkee. George was there i111794~~with gives a very interesting account of the cranny-ing wind crept was stopped with other members of his family, and shortly early development of Kilkee as a seaside plaster. By and by the front was rough- thereafter built Atlantic Lodge. He and his resort: cast or divided of with the trowel into son, Jonas, acted as middlemen for the blockwork. The profits of another season Lords (later Marquis) Conyngham, the I.. To what precise event Kilkee owes its were devoted to preparing the bedrooms. owners of much of west Clare, including fame as a watering-place is not known. Instead of placing the fire on a stone in the eastern portion of Kilkee, up to the Perchance some adventurer in Ireland mid-floor, a cast-iron grate was pro- latter's death in 1859. Visitors dropped off or from England, in quest of the grand cured. So, too, instead of awnings to during the Napoleonic wars, but from 1813 and the sublime in nature, followed the catch the falling soot, a nice ceiling was onwards 'Sea bathing Lodges' at Kilkee romantic windings of the Atlantic shore, attempted. Again, instead of a small were advertised from time to time, and as each turn developed its varied four-paned immovable sash, there one of that year offered 'the accommo- charms, was smitten by its loveliness. succeeded a large window on pivots, dation of Vegetables' as an inducement.24 'There it was, a vision of beauty, with admitting a flood of light and air into In early October of the same year 'three lovely bay and sweet white strand, the apartments, nice partitions were young gentlemen' who were 'amusing contrasting pleasantly with the dark thrown up and bedrooms were themselves on the rocks' - probably at the cliffs and swarthy land. The tourist multiplied ...'31 Duggera breakwater - were surprised by returned to home and reported on the incoming tide and timely saved by a Kilkee; its fame spread. Seekers of health These houses usually consisted at first of resident, John Kennedy, who risked his visited it. Their expectations were but one single small room. About 1820 own life to save them.25 By 1815 'several fi&lled ...' Cathy (or Kitty) Fitzgerald, owner of a low most excellent Lodges' had been erected thatched house, opened it up as a hotel 'for the reception of respectable Families' Fr. Malone adds: 'Visitors were generally and for nearly 40 years, until her retire- and these were advertised in a Limerick from Limerick in the beginning, and short ment due to blindness, she catered for her The old West End Hotel, Kilkee, 1998. The small one-storey building at right was the old Kilkee Post Office. photo: T. B,,~~, clients simply but effectively. An account opened in June/July 1841 and was con- be confused with the later and larger of Fitzgerald's hotel as it was about 1820 secrated on August 9th 1843. In 1836 a building of the same name nearby. She has survived: Parochial School was opened for the continued as post-mistress until Sept- education of the Protestant youth of the ember 1854. This post-office stood on the 'Visitors to Kilkee once on a time were district and later a National School for Dunlickey Road adjoining the hotel. glad to procure a thatched "lodge" or Catholic boys and girls was opened by The drawing-rooms of her hotel were cottage, which in winter became the February 1845. A police barracks, a described as 'large and comfortable' and residence of the labourer or small coastguard station and a post office were the bedrooms were 'spacious and ai~.'~R farmer himself: We remember once a all established there by 1831. The Limerick Chronicle was able to state: Lancashire cotton spinner being Such was the town of Kilkee when 'Mrs. Shannon's new Hotel, or West horrified at the barbarism of one night Mrs. Margaret Shannon, recently widow- End Boarding House, as well from its in such a hovel, as he termed it, though ed, came there with her four young accommodation as its beautiful situation various friends in it were as merry as daughters37shortly before 1828 from on the cliffs over the enchanting bay, and larks; one of the guests knew Kilkee Kilrush. Born Margaret McMahon commanding a view of the village promise when there were but about ten houses in (c.1790) in Kilrush, the daughter of John every comfort to be desired at this it; yet in a perilous craft, half turf-boat McMahon, described as a 'Merchant' of delightful resort.'4g and half boat for smuggling, he used that town,38she married Patrick Shannon By the summer of 1843 she had 'made yearly go and carry his family to Kilkee of 'Kilforby' (modern Kilfearboy) at great and extensive improvements'" and from Limerick, solely for the benefit of Kilrush towards the end of July 1814.39In in 1844,511845," 1847,5hnd 1848,54built the sea air, the straw thatched hostelrie May 1818 she established a Board and several additional rooms 'which with the or hotel of C- F- delighted one set Lodgings house at Kilrush 'for the receipt entire Establishment are fitted up with the of men, to the others it was a of Ladies and Gentlemen' and added that greatest elegance and comfort.'?5 These families 'going to Kilkee' would be new additions later formed the nucleus of By 1824 Limerick visitors were reported accommodated on reasonable terms.40Her her private residence after 1870, and is as annually expending a sum of £2,000 at husband seems to have died young, for now called 'West End House' (now owned Kilkee.3Vmproved navigation on the by June 1812 Mrs. Shannon and her by Mrs. Maureen McMahon of Limerick). Lower Shannon"4 between 1812 and 1822 daughters had moved to Francis Street In Charlotte Bronte's time it was part of greatly helped the advancement of Kilkee (modern Grattan St.) Kilkee. Here she the West End Hotel. Here Mrs Shannon as a seaside resort. The rising population opened her 'Kilkee Boarding Hou~e.'~lShe supplied her guests with brandy, genuine reflected the increasing popularity of was also the post-mistress of Kilkee. This malt whiskey, ale and Guinness's porter, Kilkee. In 1831 it had risen to 1,051 and 'Boarding House' changed its name to the 'all of the purest and best quality' and her consisted of 200 families living in 141 'Kilkee Board and Lodging House' by June terms were 'extremely moderate.'5" houses, while another 5 were uninhabited 1831,42which changed again to 'Kilkee Also of the best quality were her and 7 were building.35 The churches, Hotel' in 1832,43and like the two other guests. It had an illustrious clientele, Catholic and Protestant, were both hotels in the resort charged 25 shillings including in the summer of 1846 alone, situated outside the village at Lisdeen and per week for full board in 1830.44A letter Monsieur Le Baron De Falconce~r,~~Lord Kilfearagh respectively, and were a headed 'Bubbles From Bathing Places' in Lord John Manners MP - the future Duke cause of great inconvenience to Sunday a Limerick newspaper in 1840 stated: of R~tland,~~Lord S. C~mpton,~~Hon. worshippers, especially in bad weather. An 'Katty Fitzgerald and the widdy Shannon Windham-Q~in,~~Colonel Sir John indication of the increasing numbers of have commodious an' cleanly accommo- Gaspard Le Marchant (commander of the visitors is found in the following entry in dation, no doubt. Moderate charges an' troops at Limerick) and Lady La Marchant the Church of Ireland minute book,36 great civility ...'45This hotel in Francis St. and family, Augustine Stafford O'Brien which describes a vestry meeting held on was later taken over by a Michael MP,61 and John Fraunceis Fitz-Gerald, the 7th of April 1828: '... and that four McNamara of Limerick as a public Knight of GlinG2 and many others. One pounds twelve shillings be assessed for 23 house.46By May 1841 Mrs. Shannon had gets a glimpse of hotel life with Mrs. seats between the pews in the Aisle of moved to the West End, Kilkee, where she Shannon (at her Francis St. establish- Kilfearagh Church - To be erected for the had built a large house (now occupied by ment) from an Englishman, Jonathan accommodation of strangers.' In 1831 a Mr. Gubbins of Limerick and Mrs. Jim Binns. He complained that the 'eggs Catholic chapel was opened in the town Frawley of Kilkee). Here, with her obtained here are not always the best; tea (replaced by the present building in 1963), daughters, she ran the 'West End Board- and coffee are both very poor; good ham and this was followed by the Protestant ing House' which name she later, in 1844, or bacon is difficult to find, though in a church dedicated to St. James. This latter changed to the 'West End - not to country overrun with pigs, the fowls are McDonnell's Terrace, Kilkee. Postcard by Bothwell, Kilkee, posted in 1912. Limerick Museum. more skin and bone than flesh; mutton out the circumstances and the prices Mary Anne Bell, then aged 24 years, may by chance be got pretty good, but the charged at the better lodges and hotels at whom Charlotte described 'as a pretty beef is scarcely fit to eat.'63However, Binns Kilkee, including the one she and her lady-like girl with gentle English wrote that Mrs. Shannon 'treated me with daughter decided to stay in - Mrs. manners.'72 What they thought of the the utmost kindness and civility; and had I Shannon's. This entry of Lady O'Brien's is famous English authoress, who had so taken up my abode there at a time when not dated but very clearly refers to 1854: predictively chosen their family name for visitors generally come, I doubt not many her nom-de-guerre, is not recorded. After of the deficiencies I complain of, would 'Mrs. Shannon's boarding House. touring the main sights of Dublin, have been ~upplied.'6~It is interesting to Terms. especially Nicholls' old university, its note that Binns' complaint of the fowls Board and Lodgings per week - £1 10s. library and museum and chapel - 'and being 'more skin and bone than flesh' was Sitting room £1 extra. beds for persons should have seen much more -had not my echoed by a later visitor to Kilkee - the not living in House - 2. each -per night. bad cold been a restraint upon ~~'73they future Poet Laureate Alfred Austin (who [This refers to bed-and-breakfast guests]. travelled with Arthur's cousins by train stayed at Moore's Hotel, Kilkee, in the for persons partly boarding in it - 1..6 (surprisingly, considering Arthur's spring of 1894) who carped at 'its lean each - do [per night] board by day only - brother's position) to Banagher. Here they chickens, its imperfect soda-bread; and its Dinner 2s. Break[fastl and Tea ls..6d spent one week (probably from Friday lack of vegetables save the national each. No charge for servant^.'^^ July 7th to Wednesday July 12th). At Cuba potato.'65 One later visitor to Mrs. House, Banagher, they met other Bell Shannon's West End Hotel, another Lady O'Brien added: cousins including the Rev. James Englishman, William Whittaker Barry, 'Mary Frawley Kitchen Maid verygood. Adamson Bell. Charlotte described Cuba who came in September 1865, wrote: '... I Butler - Helper - smart boy.'69 House as 'very large and looks externally ordered some dinne,r at the West End like a gentleman's country-seat - within Hotel - anything that would be forth- These were the staff (as well as Mrs. most of the rooms are lofty and spacious coming. First came some fresh herrings - Shannon's then unmarried daughters) at and some - the drawing room - dining a good beginning; but the dinner suddenly the West End Hotel when Charlotte room &c. handsomely and commodiously collapsed. Not a chop, steak or bit of fresh Bronte stayed there. furni~hed.'~~The then owner was Arthur's meat of any kind could be got in the town; aunt, Mrs. Harriet Lucinda Bell (nee there was only some salt meat, which I Adamson) who had married Dr. Alan Bell declined. The waiter, however, with (d.1839) in 1818. 'Mrs. Bell is like an considerable nai'vete, promised that I English or Scotch Matron' wrote Charlotte should have a chop in the morning. Fancy On the evening of their wedding day, 'quiet, kind and ~ell-bred.'~SShe added the hungry pedestrian having to wait until Charlotte and her husband journeyed to that Mrs. Bell had been brought up in the next morning for his second course!'66 Conway, near Llandudno in Wales, and London. Since her husband's death (he Some further information on the West stayed overnight. She wrote: '... The had been Master of the famous Royal End Hotel is gleaned from some notes left evening is wet and wild, though the day College of Banagher) she had lived at by the Dowager Lady Charlotte O'Brien of was fair chiefly with some gleams of Cuba House with her second son, the Rev. Dromoland Castle (a regular visitor with ~unshine.'~OFrom Conway they planned to James Adamson Bell, who had succeeded her daughter, Grace, to Kilkee) who travel to Bangor on Friday, June 30th or his father in the Mastership (1848-1865); stayed at the hotel while Charlotte and her Saturday, 1st July, sailing from Holyhead he later became Rector of Banagher. In husband were on their honeymoon. Lady to Dublin on the steampacket on the night 1854 he was only 28 years old. Charlotte, the mother of William Smith of Monday July 3rd. They arrived in the Why did Charlotte and her husband O'Brien, the patriot, was a discerning Irish capital on July 4th (Tuesday). In choose Kilkee for the greater part of their visitor and an able planner of journeys. Dublin the newly-weds were met by honeymoon? It is clear from a letter She noted that for the relatively short Arthur's brother Alan, who was manager written by Charlotte at Banagher to Miss journey from Dromoland to Kilkee, about of the Grand Canal from Dublin to Wooler that Kilkee was to be the intended 33 miles but over a very poor road, Banagher, and two first cousins of his - destination: 'We go in a few days to Kilkee, arrangements were made for a change of Joseph Bell,71a student of TCD who had a watering place on the South-West Coast. horses at Fanny O'Dea's.67 She also found just gained three premiums, and his sister The letters may be addressed, Mrs. West End, Kilkee, 1998. The old West End Hotel is in the centre, just beyond the white house. Photo: T. Byrne.

Arthur Nicholls, Post-Office, Kilkee, synopsis of her honeymoon tour in Wales Nor was Arthur the unpoetic soul that County Clare, Ireland.'7G I suggest the and Ireland, adding: 7 had heard a great Charlotte wrote of. In a letter to the cleric following. In August 1846 the names 'J. deal about Irish negligence &c. I own that who had married them (Rev George Bell, Esq. and Mrs. Bell' appear among a till I came to Kilkee - I saw little of it. Here Sowden) Arthur wrote on his return to list of visitors to Mrs. Shannon's West End at our Inn - splendidly designated 'the West Haworth: 'We had a delightful tour over I suggest that these were Mrs. End Hotel' - there is a good deal to carp at Zf nearly the same ground as you and your Harriet Lucinda Bell and her son, James one were in a carping humour - but we brother travelled, only we took the Shannon Adamson Bell, then aged 20 years. We laugh instead of grumbling -for out of doors in our progress to Limerick: we also diver- know that Mrs. Bell kindly nursed there is much indeed to compensate for any ged to Kilkee, a glorious watering place, Charlotte back to health -'fatigue and indoor shortcomings, so magnificent an with the finest shore I ever saw - Completely excitement had nearly knocked me up - ocean - so bold and grand a coast - I never girded with stupendous clifi - it was most and my cough had become very bad'78 - yet saw. My husband calls me -.'80 Dr. refreshing to sit on a rock and look out on and it seems more than likely that Arthur's Barker remarks of this letter: 'It was a very the broad Atlantic boiling and foaming at aunt and cousin would have enthused long time since Charlotte had written our feet.Ia3 Kilkee, as Winifred Gerin has about their earlier visit to Kilkee and anything so light-hearted as this careless pointed out, was the longest stop during a would have recommended the very hotel valediction or, indeed, enjoyed the fortnight's tour through the south-west of where they had been only 8 years before. intimacy of shared humour.'Ri The air at Ireland and from Kilkee they went to It is highly unlikely that either Charlotte Kilkee adds to humour a quality of its own. Tarbert, from Tarbert to Tralee and or her husband would have seen the Later in the same month, Charlotte Killarney, which Charlotte decided: 'I will following advertisement which appeared wrote again about her Kilkee experience, not describe it a bit.'84 At a dangerous in the Limerick Chronicle, 5 July 1854 which had greatly impressed her, in a point in the Gap of Dunloe she had a near (Wed.) letter to her friend, Catherine Winkworth. intimation with death when her horse In her enthusiasm for Kilkee. Charlotte seemed to go mad 'reared, plunged' and WEST END HOTEL, gave only the briefest account possible of threw Charlotte on the stones right under Kilkee her honeymoon (and strangely omits all her. 'I was lifted off the stones neither MRS. SHANNON begs leave to reference to Banagher): 'after a short bruised by the fall nor touched by the acquaint herfiiends and the Public, that sojourn in the capital - went to the coast - mare's hoofs,'85Charlotte added gratefully. she has fitted up her Hotel, in very such a wild iron-bound coast - with such an From Killarney they travelled to superior Style for the accommodation of ocean-view as I had not yet seen and such Glengarriff, then turned eastwards to Tourists and Visitors to that beautZfu1 battling of waves with rocks as I had never Cork, and finally returned to Dublin, from watering place. imagined. which place Charlotte wrote to Martha From the long Patronage Mrs. S. has 'My husband is not a poet or a poetical Brown, the house-keeper at Haworth, that received fiom her Friends, she expects a man - and one of my grand doubts before 'we shall come home on T~esday'~~(1st continuance of their support. Families marriage was about 'congenial tastes' and August, 1854). requiring private apartments can be so on. The first morning we went out on to accommodated by application at Cruise's the cliffsand saw the Atlantic coming in all Royal Hotel, Limerick; or at the West white foam, I did not know whether I should End Hotel, Kilkee. get leave or time to take the matter in my Eight months later, Charlotte Bronte died, This hotel commands a magnificent own way. I did not want to talk - but I did on Easter Eve, Saturday 31st March, 1855, view of the Cliffs,Bay, and surrounding want to look and be silent. Having hinted a 'of exhaustion,' and was buried on the scenery. petition, licence was not refused - covered following Wednesday, April 4th. She had with a rug to keep offthe spray I was not reached her 39th year. Her husband After spending about a week at Banagher, allowed to sit where I chose - and he only continued as curate at Haworth caring for the newly-weds travelled along the banks interrupted me when he thought I crept too his father-in-law, as he had promised his of the Shannon and Lough Derg to near the edge of the cl@ So far he is always wife on her deathbed - carrying out to the Limerick, where they took a boat - either good in this way - and this protection which letter his promise to be the support and the Erin-go-Brath or the Garryowen - to does not interfere or pretend is I believe a consolation of the Rev. Patrick. When the Kilkee. The Koh-i-noor steamer was then thousand times better than any half sort of old vicar died, aged 84, on June 7th 1861, out of commission, having met with an pseudo sympathy ...'a V like to think that Arthur was not offered the reversion of the accident near Foyne~.~~From Kilkee on Arthur and Charlotte stood or sat near the living. Tuesday, July 18th, 1854, Charlotte wrote Amphitheatre watching the great rollers of After one or two spells of temporary to Catherine Wooler, her former teacher: the Atlantic coming in, in wild white fury work, he returned to Ireland that same 'My Dear Miss Catherine, - Your kind with their foam caps iridescent with a year and settled down in the Banagher letter reached me in a wild and remote spot green colour not to be found elsewhere, area, the home of his childhood, gave up - a little watering-place on the South West and a light spray blowing landwards, the ministry and went about his father's Coast of Ireland' and she gave her a tasting of salt. business - farrning.!j8 There had been a sale at the Haworth Parsonage after the WEATHER REPORT JULY 1854 Vicar Bronte died, but all the manuscripts Date Dav Account of weather Location of Charlotte & husband and the intimate belongings of the Bronte sisters were brought to Banagher. The Friday Changeable Bronte servant, Martha Browne, accom- Saturday, Fine, mild panied him, remained there for some time, Sunday Fine, mild returned to England eventually but visited Monday Beautiful At Banagher Banagher at intervals. A room was called Tuesday Fine From Banagher to Limerick

'Martha's room' at Hill House, Banagher, Wednesday Fine Probably at Kilkee i where the Rev. Arthur, turned farmer, now Thursday Changeable Probably at Kilkee lived. In 1864 he married his cousin, Mary Friday Beautiful Probably at Kilkee P Anne Bell,sg and, as Rebecca Fraser Saturday Fine Probably at Kilkee -I remarked, 'rather curiously he took her on Sunday Fine Probably at Kilkee their honeymoon to Upper Bangor in Monday Wet a.m. Probably at Kilkee North Wales, the very place he had taken Tuesday Bad, wet p.m. At Kilkee - C.B. letter writing his small, fiery, nervous first wife.'g0 Wednesday Fine, windy At Kilkee Certainly he never forgot her. And Thursday Fine, windy At Kilkee curiously he appears to have stayed, in Friday Very wet, stormy all day At Kilkee August 1867, with some Banagher friends, Saturday Beautiful At Kilkee at the West End Hotel, Kilkee.91 His wife's Sunday Fair weather At Tarbert, Tralee name is not listed, however. Monday Fair weather At Killarney and In June 1906, Mrs Harriet Lucinda Bell Tuesday Fair weather Glengarriff died, aged 101 years,92 and six months Wednesday Fair weather Glengarriff to Cork later her son-in-law, the Rev. Arthur, died Thursday Fair weather At Cork aged 90 years.g3 (2nd December, 1906). He had lived a life of deliberate obscurity, Ward: Ward, Mrs. Humphrey, in Preface to the farming in the Banagher area for many appear in the diary of William Massy Blennerhassett, who was stationed at Haworth edition of the Life and Works of years, so unknown generally that people Charlotte Bronte And Her Sisters, with intro- in England wondered whether he was Killadysert, Co. Clare, as a sub-inspector duction by Mrs. Humphrey Ward and C.K.S. alive or dead. In 1892 one contributor to of police.lo3 Shorteter, 12 vols, 1899. Wise: Wise, Thomas J.: An Account of her Notes & Queries enquired: 'NICHOLLS: ABBREVIATIONS Honeymoon, By Charlotte Bronte: In a letter to BRONTE -Will any contributor to N. & Q. Barry [Barry, William Whittaker]: A Walking Miss Catherine Winkworth [with an introduction kindly tell me whether the Rev. Arthur Tour Round Ireland in 1865 by an Englishman, by T.J. Wise, and with portraits] Leeds, Nicholls is still living ...?'94That same year London, Bentley, 1867. Botherton Library, n.d. (One of an edition of Nicholls' name and entry re-appears for Bassett's: Bassett's Directory of the City and thirty copies printed for private circulation, County of Limerick and of the Principal Towns in 1930s) the first time in many years in Crockfords the Counties of Tipperary and Clare, Limerick, W. &S.: Wise, Thomas J. and Symington, J.: The without the postal addresg5His widow, Bassett's, 18667. BrontB, Their Lives, Friendships & Correspon- Mary Anna, died aged 85 years on Binns: Binns, Jonathan: The Miseries and dence. Oxford, Basil Blackwell, Shakespeare February 27, 1915.96 Beauties of Ireland, London, 2 vols., 1837, Vol. 2 Head Press, (1st ed. 1933) Reprinted by Besides the two carte-de-visite photo- C.F.: Clare Freeman Blackwell in 2 vols. 1980, Vol. 2. C.J.: Clare Journal graphs of C.B. and A.B.N. taken some- Fraser: Fraser, Rebecca: Charlotte Bronte, REFERENCES where in Ireland, Limerick or Dublin London, Methuen, 1988. Hickey & Smith, 12&7; Pinion, 385 perhaps,97 the only other item which has GCrin: Gerin, Winifred: Charlotte Bmnte: The Vogler, Thomas A. (ed): Twentieth Century survived from their honeymoon is 'a book Evolution of Genius, Oxford, Clarendon Press, Interpretations of Wuthering Heights. A 1967 Collection of Critical Essays, New Jersey, of dried ferndg8which Charlotte gathered Gordon: Gordon, Lyndall: Charlotte BrontF A Prentice-Hall Inc., Eaglewood Cliffs, 1968 and pressed in the Irish countryside - Passionate Life, London, Chattor and Windus, (introduction by Vogler), 1. probably at Kilkee or Banagher. A sad 1994 Hickey & Smith, 127 memento of a sad short life. Mrs. Shannon Hickey & Smith: Hickey, Des and Smith, Gus: A Lock, John & Dixon, Canon W.T.: A Man Paler Shade of Green, London, Leslie Frewin, of Sorrow. The Life, Letters and Times of the continued to advertise her hotel and in the 1972 [cf. McClory, Kevin: At the Gates of Rev. Patrick Bronte (1771-18611, London, winter of 1855-1856 she was 'induced to Ealing. l Nelson, 1965. keep her extensive establishment open for Hogan (1842): [Hogan, Hugh]: A Directory of Graduati Cantabrigienses sive Catalogue .. the winter, as several sporting gentlemen Kilkee in the County Clare, On the Western Coast A.B. Anno MDCLIX usquc ad decimum and families were disappointed last winter of Ireland, with a Map shewing the situation and diem Octobris MDCCCXXIII, Cantabrigiae number of Lodges ..., published by and for Hugh MDCCCXXIII (1823) 65 (has 'Bronte, and spring at not having a respectable Hogan, Proprietor of the Kilkee Baths. Patr.. ...Joh ... A.B. ... 1806.') hotel prepared to receive them.99 Limerick, G.M. Goggin, Printer, 34 George- Modern Quarterly, Miscellany No. 1. An unfortunate murder took place at Street [n.d. but 18421 (1947) her hotel in the autumn of 1860,1°0which Hogan (1863): Hogan, Hugh: A Sail Dowlz the Ward cast a gloom over her establishment. Early Shannon and Visitors Hand-Book for Kilkee ... Bronte, Charlotte: Shirley, ATale (1849) Limerick, Guy & Co., 114, George Street, Woolf, Virginia: lane Evre and Wuthering in the following March, Mrs. Shannon MDCCCWII (1863) Heights published in Vogler (cf. supra 2) decided to sell her hotel,lO1 but did not K.C.C.: KingS County Chronicle, The 101. succeed in the end and advertised it again Lane: Lane, Margaret: The Bronte Story ... The Rev. Alan Bell (1791-1839) LL.D. in 1861 and in 1863 and continued to do so London and Toronto, Heinemann, 1953. Headmaster of the Royal School, L.C.: Limerick Chronicle. Banagher, 1824-1839 when he was until the mid-1870s, when she sold the L.E.P.: Limerick Evening Post. succeeded by his second son, Rev. James main body of the hotel [now Gubbins' and L.M.: Leeds Mercury. Adamson Bell. Dr. Bell married Harriet Frawley'sl to Henry KeanelW2and she went L.R.: Limerick Reporter. Lucinda Adamson (1801-1902) of Dublin. to live in the former part of the hotel, Longford: Longford, Elizabeth (Countess of): Cf. photograph 16c. in Fraser and facing Wellington Square (now West End Eminent Victorian Women. Charlotte Bronte's description in W. & S. Peters: Peters, Margot: The Unquiet Soul: A 134-5 (letter 905 (673) C.B. to Margaret House), where she died c.1897 at a very Biography of Charlotte Bronte (1975) Wooler, Banagher, July loth, '54. advanced age. Her daughter, Mrs. Dillon, Pinion: Pinion, F.B.: A Bronte Companion, Burtchell, George Dames & Sadlier, lived at West End House until her death in Literary Associations, Background and Reference, Thomas Ulick: Alumni Dublinensis, 1902. London, M. [The Macmillan Press] 1975. Dublin, Alex Thom, 1935,619. Readers may be interested in the S.C.: Southern Chronicle. C.B. to Ellen Nussey, 10 July, 1846, in W. Shorter: Shorter, Clement K.: Charlotte Bronte & S., Vol. 2, 101. following table which shows what the And Her Sisters, London, Hodder & Stoughton, Cf. article by L.S. [Sir Leslie Stephenl on weather was like in West Clare during 1905. Charlotte Bronte in Dictionary of National Charlotte's honeymoon. These accounts Transactions: Bronte Society Transactions. Biography 2 (1908) 1320. C.B. to Ellen Nussey, Haworth, April llth, and her amiable daughters, are this year 72. W & S. 134 (C.B. Nicholls to Miss 1854, in Spark, Muriel: The Bronte Letters gone to "the other side of the water" where Margaret Wooler, Banagher, 10 July 1854). selected and with an introduction by Muriel she is enabled to afford the visitors even 73. Ibid. Sparks, London, Peter Nevill, 1954; 199. still more of that good fare for which her 74. Ibid. W. & S. 133 former house has been always famous ...' 75. W & S. 135 (C.B. Nicholls to Miss Census of Ireland For The Year 1851, Over the years, until she retired to West Margaret Wooler, 10 July 1854). ~ddendato ... showing the number of End House, Mrs. Shannon was probably 76. Ibid. Houses, Families, And Persons In The the most prolific advertiser among the 77. l2 August 1846. Several Townlands And Towns Of Ireland, local hotel owners. 78. W & S. 135. Dublin, Alexander Thom, 1854. L.C. 15 May 1841. 8 July 1854. The term 'salt-water lodge' was used in the L. C. l June 1844. W & S. 135 (C.B. Nicholls to Cathe,rine early advertisements from different places L.C. 15 May 1841. Wooler - the second of the Wooler sisters - in west Clare, see for example, Ennis L.C. 9 June 1841. from 'Kilkee, Co. Clare, July Nth, 1854'; Chronicle, 27 April, 14 & 28 May, 29 June L.C. 10 May 1843. Gerin, 548; Fraser, 469; Barker, 760"'and 1784 L. C. 1June 1844. Peters, 398. EfI~hirdReport of the Commissioners on L. C. 24 May 1845. Barker, 760. the Nature and Extent of the Bogs in L. C. 3 July 1847. W & S. 137-138. (C.B. Nicholls to Ireland, PI. WIZ - West Part of the County of L.C. 17 May 1848. Catherine ('Katie') Winkworth, Cork, 27 Clare. Ordered by the House of Commons to L. C. 24 May 1845 July 1854); Gerin, 548-9; Fraser, 470; be printed 28th April 1814. The map is L. C. 1June 1844 Barker, 760; Peters, 398; Lane, 273. described: 'A Map of the Bogs in the West L.C. 29 July 1846, where the name is W & S. 148; A.B. Nicholls to the Rev. Part of the County of Clare District No. 10 incorrectly spelt 'De Fanconceur.' Perhaps George Sowden (Haworth, Keighley, Aug. on which are laid down proposed Drains the name should read 'De Fauconberg.' A 1854); Gerin, 549; Fraser, 469; Barker, 759. for the Improvement of the Bogs. Levelled 'Fauconberg' is mentioned among the W & S. 138. & Surveyed ... by Thomas Colbourne, dead at the Battle of Agincourt in Shake- Ibid. Engineer, 1811. I am grateful to the late speare's Henry V (Act 4 Scene 8,104): Ibid. 137. Monsignor Ignatius Murphy MA, DD, for '... of lusty earls, Leeds Mercury, 7 April 1855. this reference. Grandpre and Roussi, Fauconberg and Transactions (March 1907), Vol. IV, (Parts Ennis Chronicle, 1 May 1788. Cf. Murphy, Foix ...' XVI-XXII inclusive. Article by H.E. Wroot) Ignatius: The Diocese of Killaloe in the Lord John Manners MP (later 7th Duke of p.11 et seq.; Ibid, Part LII. No. 3 of Vol. X Eighteenth Century, Dublin, Four Courts Rutland). Second son of the 5th Duke, he (1942) 101; The Times, 6 December 1906 Press, 1991, 163-4 and 347 (11.43) was MP for Colchester 1850-57. His first (obituary notice on the Rev. A.B.N.). Ennis Chronicle, June 27, 1793. I am wife, Catherine Marley of Belvedere, Co. K.C.C., 31 August 1864 grateful to Mr. Tom Donovan, Clarina, Co. Westmeath, had died in childbirth in April Fraser, 498. Limerick, for a copy of this interesting 1854. A leading Conservative, he wrote of Southern Chronicle, 7 August 1867. reference. his Irish visit (including Kilkee) in his GCrin, 546; K C. C. 5 & 12 June 1902. Cf. my article A Tournev Through West Notes ofan Irish Tour, (first edition 1847). Irish Times, 4 & 5 December 1906; K.C.C. Clare 1800 A.D., in The Other Clare, Vol. 5, Died 1906. 6 December 1906; The Times, 6 December April 1981,38. Lieut. Lord Spencer Scott Compton (1821- 1906. Ennis Chronicle, 14 & 18 August 1794. 1855). Third son of the Marquis of Notes & Queries, 8th Series, 11, 6 August General Advertiser or Limerick Gazette, Northampton. Capt. 15th Light Dragoons. 1892,107. July 23, 1813. Hon. Windham-Quin. The Hon. Windham Transactions April 1912, 236; CrokfordS C.J. 4 October 1813. Henry Wyndham-Quin, second son of the Clerical Directory, 1892, where the entry L.C. 3 June 1815. second Earl of Dunraven, he was a captain sim~lvreads 'Nicholls. Arthur Bell. T.C.D. Mason, Wm. Shaw: A Statistical Account or Grenadier Guards. He spent a month in B.A: and Div. Test (2nd. cl) 1844. Formerly Parochial Survey of Ireland, 1816. Vol. 2, Kilkee with his parents in 1843. Died 1865. of Haworth, Yorks.' 425-6. Augustus Stafford O'Brien MP. Of the 96. The Times. 2 March 1915: Irish Times. 28 ibid. 468 Cratloe branch of the O'Briens, he was a February, 2 March 1915; ~ransacti&s, Census ofIreland 1821,145 nephew of the Earl of Gainsborough and Part XXV (April 1915) 120; Irish Book ibid. lived also at Blathenvyke Park, Wansford, Lover, Vol. V1 (May 1915) 163. Malone. Rev. Svlvester: Tenant Wrona Northampts. He was Secretary to the 97. Cf. Audrey W. Hall's excellent monogram: Illustrated In A Nutshell, Dublin, William 6 Admiralty (Mar-Dec 1852), MP North- A Suspected New Photograph of Charlotte Kelly, 1867, 7-9. ampts. 1841-1857. He was a close friend of Bronti, 1991, for a full discussion of the L.R. 26 September 1873. Lord John Manners with whom he came to Bronte photographs. Dublin Evening Post, 13 May 1824. the West End Hotel. 98. Transactions, Part 64 (No. 4 of Vol. 12) Murphy, J: Pre-Famine Passenger Services Knight of Glin, John Fraunceis Fitz-Gerald. 1954,298. on the Lower Shannon, North Munster Born 1791, he was DI., JP and High Sheriff 99. L.C. 5 December 1855. Antiquarian Journal, 16 (1973); McNeill, 1830, Co. of Limerick. A fairly regular 100. Cf: Dublin Evening Mail, 15 October 1860; D.B.: Irish Passenger Services, Vol2, South visitor to Kilkee, he died April 1854. A C.J. 15 & 22 October 1860; C.F. 26 October of Ireland, David & Charles, Newton popular and benevolent landlord, he died of 1860 etc. for the murder of a Chilean gentle- Abbot, 1971, 149-51. cholera which he contracted while carrying man named Don Seluco Guerritz at Kilkee. Census of Ireland, 1831. out his duties at the Poor House in Glin. 101. L.C. 2 March 1861. Church of Ireland, Union of Kilrush: The Binns, Vol. 2, 397. 102. The hotel was advertised in Hogan (1863) Rev. Mr. Arthur's Minute Book under 7th Ibid. 43, but in Slater's Directory of 1870, Mrs. April 1828. I am most grateful to Mr. Austin, Alfred: Spring And Autumn In Shannon was listed as merely a 'house- Padraig De Barra, Kilkee, for this Ireland, Edinburgh & London, William holder.' In Bassett's Daily Chronicle of 18 information. Blackwood & Sons, 1900, 8. This volume July 1879 we learn that it was now owned Mrs. Shannon's four daughters were Mary, was produced from two papers printed in by Mr. Henry Keane, a brother of the who married John Kelly, Creagh, (L.R. 7 Blackwood's Magazine in 1894 and 1895. infamous Marcus Keane. August 1840); Jane, who died at the West Barry (1867) 211. 103. I am indebted to Desmond Fitz-Gerald, End Hotel in February 1857 (C.J. 9 National Library of Ireland Inchiquin Mss. Knight of Glin, for placing the Blenner- February 1857); a daughter who died 17th (Lady O'Brien's notes on travelling 1844 hassett diaries at my perusal. June 1875 unmarried (C.J. 24 June 1875); etc. These notes (now Inchiquin Ms. and the fourth daughter, Susan Margaret, 14859) begin c.1830 and continue until ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS who was married to Dr. P.W. Dillon MD of Lady O'Brien's death in 1856. I am very For their help in assembling material for this Jail St., Ennis, who died 30th March 1890 grateful to the Hon. Mrs. Grania O'Brien article I would like to thank the following (C.]. 31 March 1890). His widow was found Weir for this reference. (besides those generous people thanked in the dead at West End House, Kilkee, on Ibid. references) in no particular order: Mrs. Audrey Wednesday 15th January 1902 'aged about Ibid. W. Hall, Burnley, Lancs, Ann Dinsdale and the 70 years' (C.J. 20 January 1902). W & S. 133-134. Bronte Society for permission to reproduce the L.E.P. 6 August 1814. Jose~hBell, fourth son of Dr. Alan and letter by Arthur Bell Nicholls and the photo- Ibid. Mrs: Bell. Born 1831. BA (1854) MA graph of Charlotte Bronte which accompany Ibid. 21 May 1818. (1862) LLD, all with honours; Rector of this article; Mr. Christopher Sheppard and Ibid. 20 June 1828. Banagher 1867.1872. He was elected Leeds University Library; Stella Welford and Ibid. 5 July 1831. Bishop of Meath with a numerical majority Messrs. Blackwell, Publishers, Oxford, for Ibid. 19 September 1832. but not the essential two-thirds and the permission to publish extracts from the Bronte Hogan (1842) 2. Irish bench of bishops of the Church of Letters (referred to above as W. & S.) which is L.C. 24 August 1840. The Limerick Ireland opposed him. In 1885 he was published by Blackwell, and to Elizabeth Orton Chronicle of 30 June 1841 described the unanimously elected Canon of St. Patrick's of The Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge, for Kilkee hotels: 'but how shall we celebrate Cathedral, Dublin. Died 10 Dec. 1891. (Cf. permission to publish the letter of Charlotte the cateresses of the hotels, Mrs. Shannon K.C.C. 17 Dec. 1891). Bronte to Catherine Wooler of July Nth, 1854.