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Occasional Paper: Archaeology in Alberta 1985

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ARCHAEOLOGY IN ALBERTA, 1985 Compiled by John W. Ives Archaeological Survey of Alberta Occasional Paper No. 29 Prepared by: Published by: Archaeological Survey Alberta Culture of Alberta Historical Resources Division OCCASIONAL PAPERS ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF ALBERTA EDITOR: John W. Ives EDITORIAL ASSISTANT: Gabriella Prager CARTOGRAPHER: Wendy Johnson EDITORIAL BOARD: Dr. William J.Byrne Mr. Jack Brink Dr. Frits Pannekoek Dr. John Lunn Mr. Allan Ridge OCCASIONAL PAPERS Papers for publication in this series of monographs are produced by or for the four branches of the Historical Resources Division of Alberta Culture: the Provincial Archives of Alberta, the Provincial Museum of Alberta, the Historic Sites Service and the Archaeological Survey of Alberta. Those persons or institutions interested in particular subjects may obtain publication lists from the appropriate branches. All publications produced by the Archaeological Survey of Alberta are distributed free of charge to the public. Requests for list of available publications and orders for specific papers should be addressed to: Occasional Papers Archaeological Survey of Alberta 8820 - 112 Street Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P8 Phone (403) 431-2300 The Archaeological Survey of Alberta Occasional Papers are intended primarily for interested specialists rather than as popular publications for general readers. The Archaeological Survey encourages authors to submit manuscripts for publication on topics of Alberta archaeology. Editorial policy requires full length monographs to be subjected to peer review process. Papers published in the Annual Review of Alberta Archaeology and edited thematic volumes are subject to the discretion of the series editor. To maintain a free distribution of Occasional Papers, production costs are minimized. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Tables. vii List of Figures ix Archaeology in Alberta, 1985 Jack Brink ••• 1 Archaeology in Alberta Social Studies: An Overview Heather Devine ••••••••• 16 Big Men - Big Houses? The Interpretation of Archaeological Architectural Remains, Dunvegan Heinz Pyszczyk ••••••••••••• 29 Archaeological Investigations of the Frog Lake Massacre Site (FkOo-10) Sheila Minni •••••••••••••• 51 The Archaeological Investigation of a Hudson1s Bay Company Powder Magazine (IeOs-4) at Fort Chipewyan Michael Forsman ••••••••••••• 70 Two Late Prehistoric Ceramic Components at the Little Bow Site, EaPh-4 Gloria J. Fedirchuk ••••••••••• 91 Preliminary Report of the Results of the 1985 Field Season at Head-Smashed-In Milt Wright and Jack Brink ••••••••• 130 A Preliminary Test of the Calderwood Buffalo Jump (DkPj-27) Susan Marshall and Jack Brink •••••• 140 Parks Canada Archaeology in Alberta, 1985 Don Steer, Kevin Montgomery, Daryl Fedje James White, Malcolm James, Rod Pickard Ian Sumpter and Heather D1Amour ••••• 160 Archaeological Investigations in the Grande Prairie Region of Northwestern Alberta, 1985 Martin Magne •••••••••••.••••• 185 RESEARCH NOTES •••••••••••••••••• 200 A First Mi11enium 8.C. Smudge Pit from Eagle Nest Lake, Birch Mountains John W. Ives ••••••.••• •• 201 A Radiocarbon Date from the Laidlaw Site, D10u-7 J 0 hn H. Brum1ey ••••••••.••.•••• 205 v TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued) Radiocarbon Dates on Pre-Mazama Ashfall Occupations in the Crowsnest Pass Brian Ronaghan ••••••.••• 206 Radiocarbon Dates from the Belly Burial Site (DhPj-69) Bruce Ball 207 Abstracts •• 211 Bibliography. 280 vi LIST OF TABLES Table 1 1985 project permits issued by the Archaeological Survey of Alberta. 9 Table 2 Comparison of fort rank and architecture. 40 Table 3 IeOs-4, surface collected remains 83 Table 4 IeOs-4, excavated remains 84 Table 5 Summary of frequency distribution of metal and lithic artifacts by level 112 Table 6 Summary of frequency distribution of potsherds by level •.••••••• 113 Table 7 Distribution of lithic artifacts, DkPj-27 154 Table 8 1985 Alberta projects by Parks Canada, Western Region. •.•..•.•.••.•••••. •• 173 Table 9 Summary of sites assessed in Western Region .National Parks in 1985 ..• 180 vii LIST OF FIGURES Page Fi gure 1 Location of historic Dunvegan, Alberta 30 Figure 2 Ground plan of Fort Dunvegan, 1875 42 Figure 3 Hudson1s Bay Company Fort Dunvegan, 1891 44 Figure 4 Views of present-day Factor1s House. 45 Figure 5 Views of sandstone foundation remains of trading shop-warehouse, Dunvegan. 46 Figure 6 Foundation remains of 1878-1918 Factor1s House, Dunvegan ••.•.•••••.••• 48 Figure 7 Sketch map of Frog Lake settlement 56 Figure 8 Feature locations at FkOo-10 58 Figure 9 Map showing Fort Chipewyan area and powder magazine site location ••• 71 Figure 10 Part of George Bayne1s 1898 survey plan of Fort Chipewyan .•.••.•..•• 72 Figure 11 Oblique aerial view of powder magazine IeOs-4 site location ..••••.• 74 Figure 12 Survey plan illustrating relationship between powder magazine IeOs-4, the proposed tourist lodge and existing nearby features .•..•..•..•. 75 Figure 13 Contoured site plan of powder magazine and photo view of site mound prior to excavation •••••.••.••• 76 Figure 14 Photo of wood pole construction and profile showing pole remains ···· · ·· 78 Figure 15 Photo view of excavation in progress and profile of visible section .. · ·· ·· ·· 79 Figure 16 Plan view of excavated remains at Fort Chipewyan powder magazine (IeOs-4) . ···· ·· · 80 Figure 17 Photo view and drawing details of board assembly found inside powder magazine • 82 Figure 18 Nails from IeOs-4 • . .. ··· · · · 85 ix LIST OF FIGURES (continued) Figure 19 Wooden threaded stopper and buttons recovered from powder magazine •• 87 Figure 20 View showing excavated powder magazine foundation with superimposed structural outline •••••••••••••••••. 89 Fi gure 21 Location of Little Bow site •••••. 92 Figure 22 General view north of Little Bow site. 93 Figure 23 Little Bow site: excavation and surface collection units 94 Figure 24 Soil profile exposed along 110 11 West, 15-16 North ••••••••..••.• 95 Figure 25 Projectile points and bifaces recovered in excavations .•..••...•.. 96 Figure 26 Uniface, scrapers, spokeshaves and graver recovered from excavations .•.•..•• 98 Figure 27 Edge retouched cobble spalls and edge retouched flakes recovered from excavations 100 Figure 28 Wedges, split pebbles, hammerstones and abrader recovered from excavations ..•....• .• 101 Figure 29 Pebble tool and cores recovered from excavations •.•••. 102 Figure 30 Frequencies of debitage types from excavations .••••..••••. 103 Figure 31 Ceramic vessels from excavations 105 Figure 32 Rim profiles of excavated ceramic vessels. 106 Figure 33 Features exposed in units 9N 2W, 3W • 109 Figure 34 Plan view of bone upright in unit llN 4W, Level 2•••••••••••••.•..•.•.. .. 110 Figure 35 Relationship of bone uprights to other features .•.•••.••••••.. 110 Figure 36 Projectile points and bifaces recovered from surface collections ..... 115 x LIST OF FIGURES (continued) Figure 37 Wedges, edge retouched flakes and scrapers recovered from surface collections ••• 117 Figure 38 Hammerstone, ochre, pebble tool and core recovered from surface collections •••• . ·· ·· · 118 Figure 39 Frequencies of debitage types from surface collections •••.•.•••••••.•• . · ·· · · 119 Figure 40 Ceramic rim profiles recovered from surface collections ..••.••• 120 Figure 41 Ceramic vessels from surface collections 122 Figure 42 Little Bow site, component characteristics 125 Figure 43 Study area and site location · ·· · · 131 Figure 44 View of construction site •• 133 Figure 45 Block excavation in the camp and processing site •••.••••• 133 Figure 46 Sandstone slab-lined pit in camp and processing site •••.••••••• 135 Figure 47 Possible boiling pit feature in camp and processing site •.••••••• 135 Figure 48 Location of spring channel test excavations below kill site •••.•••••••••• 136 Figure 49 Location of the Calderwood Jump and Head-Smashed-In •••.• 144 Figure 50 View to north of DkPj-27 145 Fi gure 51 View to west of DkPj-27 showing the Olsen Creek gathering basin •••• 145 Figure 52 Cliff face and slump and topple material which drape the slope of the cliff •••• 146 Figure 53 Profile of west wall, Unit 1 148 Figure 54 Profile of east wall, Unit 2 150 Figure 55 Projectile points and other formed tools from Calderwood jump ••.••••••• 155 xi LIST OF FIGURES (continued) Figure 56 Large oval biface and pointed uniface from DkPj-27 •.•......•.. 157 Figure 57 Locations of 1985 projects in Lake Louise area .••.•.•••...••• 163 Figure 58 Locations of 1985 projects in Banff Townsite area ••••.•.•••• 164 Figure 59 Locations of 1985 projects in Jasper National Park ••••.••••• •• 166 Figure 60 Locations of 1985 HRIA projects in Elk Island National Park · · · · · ·· · · · ·· · ·· 170 Fi gure 61 Locations of 1985 HRIA projects in Waterton Lakes National Park. · · · · · ··· ·· ·· · · · · · 171 Figure 62 Grande Prairie region, showing locations of sites recorded in 1985 · · · · · ··· · ·· · · · 186 Figure 63 Scottsbluff point from private collection. 188 Figure 64 Alberta point from private collection · · · · 188 Figure 65 Browns Valley or Frederick point from private collection · · · · · · · · ··· · · ·· · · · 189 Figure 66 Browns Valley or Frederick point from private collection · · · · · · · · ·· · ·· ·· · · · 189 Figure 67 Resharpened Clovis or Plainview point from private collection. · ·· · ······· · 190 Figure 68 GgQt-2 site area, view to northwest from east end of site . · ··· · · · · · · · · 191 Figure 69 Locations of sites GgQt-2 to 7 · ·· · 194 Figure 70 Plan view of site GgQt-2 · ·· 195 Fi gure 71 Test excavation area at GgQt-2 ···
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