BLUMEA 22 (1974) 5—12
A taxonomicrevision of DichelachneEndl. (Gramineae)
with combinations and Michx some new in Stipa L. Oryzopsis
J.F. Veldkamp
Rijksherbarium, Leiden
accomodate Dichelachne was established by Endlicher in 1833 to a species collected by
Bauer and revised 6 Ferd. in Norfolk I. Trinius Ruprccht (1843) the genus, adding more
species, referring to previously published names, but giving new names as they had no
to the materials of these. has that their access type It appeared specific concept was too
narrow and in current literatureonly 4 species are accepted. This number has beenreduced here other have been this and but to 3. Some species placed in genus now then, haveproved different and to belong to genera, as Deyeuxia, Agrostis, Stipa, Oryzopsis.
reflects the This shifting of species between quite different genera the instability of opinion about the taxonomic place of the genus. Some, as Trinius (1836), Trinius & Rup- recht and have (1843), F. v. Mueller (1873), Pilger (1954) considered it as a Stipea, others
such as R. Brown (1810), Bentham (1878), Bentham & Hooker f. (1883), C. E. Hubbard and have Terrell (1934), Miss Vickery (1961) regarded it as an Agrostidea. (1971) placed it,
together with Agrostis and Calamagrostis, in the Aveneae because of the presence of liquid
is endosperm. Although there an overall resemblance to Stipa, closer inspection shows
that it is related to of the in view of the unartic- very closely Deyeuxia Agrostideae dorsal, and the but sometimes ulated, simple awn, microscopic, well-developed rachilla-process Dichelachne bears and hilum. which in crinita sometimes up to 3 florets, the punctiform
The difference with Deyeuxia is very slight, and mainly regards the lenght of the awn and
be the the callus-hairs, as may observed from table. united and but for the better Zotov (1943) Deyeuxia Dichelachne, time being it seems to keep them separate.
Of the of different numbers and of anthers. has interest is presence types A single plant
florets with either one or three anthers, two occurring sporadically in Dichelachne crinita
in some florets, which caused Linnef. to place the latter species in Anthoxanthum. At the either same time the plant is chasmogamous or cleistogamous. In chasmogamous florets
the anthers are always well-developed (L-type) and purple or variegated purple and yellow,
in cleistogamous florets the anthers are usually much smaller (S-type) and always yellow, and be found of the with the In D. can on top developed fruit, entangled stigmas. rara ssp. size-classes of anthers offlorets rara two small are observed, and in D. micrantha both types
have either I or 3 anthers.
DICHELACHNE
Dichelachne Endl., Prodr. Fl. Ins. Norf. (1833) 20; Trin. & Rupr., Mem. Ac. Sc. St. Pctersb. VI, Sect.
L. sect. Mem. Ac. Sc. St Petcrsb. Sect. Nat. Nat. 5 (1843) 1. — Stipa Dichelachne Trin., VI, 4 (1836) 36,
— Endl. micrantha excl. spp. Type: D. montana (=D. Domin). 6 BLUMEA VOL. 22, No. 1, 1974
lemma truncate very the to to dentate, X to lanceolate. 2 Agrostis obtuse and elliptic than absent short
smooth. less thin, always very lemma or developed, to the
to as to long Calamagrostis membraneous acute, oblong lanceolate absent exceeding as
the
X 2 short Dichelachne linear-lanceolate well-developed, least lemma very indurated, at acute. to scaberulous, chartaceous lemma as thinly usually less the long to to X as Deyeuxia lanceolate 2 lemma oblong minute than rarely the
lemma awn callus-hairs J. F. Veldkamp: Dkhekchne 7
Tall erect perennials, forming small tussocks, only branched at base, culms few-
noded, wiry. Ligule hyaline, short, truncate, margin ciliate. Blades stiff, ascending- the often surface smooth scaberulous. erect, at least margins involute, upper to Peduncle
elongated and exserted, usually smooth, glabrous. Panicle loosely to very densely con-
tracted. Spikelets solitary, variously pedicelled, laterally compressed, i- (rarely 3-)flowered, awned. Florets chasmogamous or cleistogamous. Glumes slightly shorter to slightly longer than lemma the (excl. awn), unequal to subequal, upper usually longest, lanceolate, very scaberul- acute to shortly mucronate, keeled at least in upper half, i(—3)-nerved, midrib Rachilla articulated above the Callus ous. glumes, minute, rarely distinctly produced.
obtuse, stipe-like, short-pubescent. Lemma fusiform with strongly involute margins, glab- indurated rous, scaberulous, slightly in fruit, faintly 5-nerved, apex acute, above insertion
ofawn fragile, then apparently bifidwith slender acute teeth; awn subapical, simple, tor-
sometimes Palea tuous to wavy, somewhat geniculate. oblong, acute, not indurate in fruit,
narrowly longitudinally furrowed between the 2 approximate nerves, margin ciliate.
to with Lodiculae 2, oblong, oblique-emarginate -bidentate, unnerved, glabrous or a few
free in fruit apical cilia. Stamens 1 or 3, rarely 2. Ovary glabrous, styles apical, to base, and small persistent forming a beak, stigmata plumose. Caryopsis cylindric, longitudinally
grooved on the paleatic side, glabrous, freely enclosed between lemma and palea. Hilum
punctiform, subbasal. Embryo minute.
Distribution: Three species in New Zealand, the Kermadec Is., Norfolk I., Tasmania,
Australia, Malesia (New Guinea, Timor), Easter I.; introduced in Hawaii.
KEY TO THE SPECIES
i. Panicle rather loose, only slightly contracted at anthesis, axis and branches distinctly
visible. to as the lemma. Anthers from Awn up 4 times long as 3 (1 in specimens Timor)
1. D. rara Culms smooth and Glumes 2. ± glabrous. acuminate, 3.25—6.5 mm long. Lemma
Callus hairs Anthers mm 4—6.5 mm long. 0.5 —1 mm. (L) 0.75—1.75 long.
a. ssp. rara
Culms Glumes Lemma 2. scabrid-puberulous. long-acuminate, 5 —8.25 mm long.
—8 Callus-hairs Anthers 5.25 mm long. 1.25 —1.75 mm. (L) 1.5—-2.75 mm b. ssp. asperula lobed branches 1. Panicle very denseandcontracted at anthesis, sometimes atbase, axis and
obscured the by spikelets and awns. Awn more than 3.5 times as long as the lemma. Anthers 1 or 3, exceptionally 2.
Glumes mm 0.8 inserted —1 3. acuminate, 3.25—5 long. Awn —1.75 cm, 0.5 mm below the of apex the 2.75 —4 mm long lemma 2. D. micrantha
Glumes Awn inserted 3. long-acuminate, 4.75—11.5 mm long. 2 —4 cm, 1—3 mm
below the of the —8 mm lemma apex 3.75 long 3-D. crinita
Dichelachne 1. rara (R. Br.) Vickery
a. ssp. rara
D. Contr. — R. rara (R. Br.) Vickery, N. S. Wales Nat. Herb. 1 (1951) 337, excl. specim. Agrostis rara Br.,
Prodr. Gram. Unifl. sub sine comb. — (1810) 170; Trin., (1824) 193, Muehlenbergia, Vilfa? rara Beauv.,
182. — Bot. — Agrost. (1812) 16, 148, Muehlenbergiarara Nees in Hook., Lond. J. 2 (1843) 414, pro comb.
D. rara micrantha Domin var. Domin. Bibl. Bot. 85 (1915) 353. — Type: R. Brown 6212 (BM, holo; K) (see note). 8 BLUMEA VOL. 22, No. I, 1974
— D. Trin. & Mem Ac. Sc. Stipa micrantha auct, non Cav.: Nees, Flora n (1828) 299. sieberiana Rupr., St.
Sect. R. Pdtersb. VI, Nat. 5 (1843) 2, excl. synon. Br., Cav., incl. var. anomala?; Steud., Syn. 1 (1854)
120. — Type: Sieber Agrost. 63 (LE, holo, n.v.; BM, K, L, P).
Nees in Bot. — ? Muehlenbergia rara Nees var. macrostachya Hook., Lond. J. 2 (1843) 414. Type: Everett
s.n. (n.v.).
D. Domin D. sciurea Hook./, var. setifolia Benth., Fl. Austr. 7 (1878) 575. — micrantha var. setifolia Domin,
Bot. — Bibl. 85 (1915) 353. Type: Woolls s.n. (K, holo;L). Fl. Austr. Brittonia D. sciurea auct. non Hook./.: Benth., 7 (1878) 574. p.p.; Hitchc., 2 (1936) 117.
Muehlenbergia novoguineensis Pilg., Bot. Jahrb. 62 (1929) 457. — D. novoguineensis Pilg., Bot. Jahrb. 69
(1938) 254; Borgmann, Zeitschr. Bot. 52 (1964) 142; Henty, Bot. Bull. Lae 1 (1969) 72, pi. 22a. — Type:
Keysser s.n. (B, holo, n.v.; BM).
smoothand Caespitose perennial, up to 130 cm high. Culms erect, ± simple, ± glabrous.
Blades Peduncle to Ligule 1—3 mm long. 10—17(—25) cm by 1—4.5 mm. up 5$ cm long.
Panicle rather loose, slightly contracted at anthesis, axis and branches distinctly visible, up
8 Glumes Lemma incl. the to 23 by cm. 4 —6.5 mm long. (3.5—) 4—<5.s(—7) mm long,
callus-hairs mm above mm 0.25 —0.5 mm long callus, 0.5 —1 long, apex awn 0.3 —1.25 the Palea long; awn 1—2 cm long, often purplish, 2—4 times as long as lemma. 3—5 mm Anthers long. Lodicules 0.5 —0.75 mm long, glabrous. (cleistogamous) yellowish, rarely I
(Timor), usually 3, 0.25—o.5(—0.6) mm or 0.5—1(—1.3) mm long, or (chasmogamous) 3,
mm 0.6 beak mm purplish, 0.75 —1.75 long. Caryopsis 2.5—3 by mm, 0.5 long. and the Baliem Distribution: Malesia (Papua New Guinea, once in Valley,W. Irian;
Timor), Australia (Queensland, N.S. Wales), and New Zealand.
Malesia the from in Ecology: In on higher mountains 1750 m upwards, subalpine and Values of have been measured for the grasslands, clearings, open places. pH 4.9—5.2 soil ( ANU 2226, 2504).
Chromosome number: 2n = 56 (Borgmann, 1964).
as the of Dichelach- Notes: Miss Vickery (1951) erroneously quoted R. Brown 6212 type this ne sciurea R. Br.; is R. Brown 6211 instead.
Two of subtypes the shorter anthers may be distinguished. forms exclusive- So far Timor is the only place where one-anthered, cleistogamous occur ly (3 collections seen).
b. ssp. asperula Veldk., ssp. nov.
a in Differt subspecie typica in culmis scabridulis vel puberulis, spiculis omnibus partibus majoribus. —
T Gunn y p u s: 989 (L, holo; BM, K, P). the Most of references in literature to D. rara and many of D. sciurea Hook./ belong here. Mentioned
in Hook., Lond. 2 (1843) may be the following: Muehlenbergia rara auct. non Nees: Nees J. Bot. 414, pro specim.
Br.: A. Agrostis sciura auct. non R. Hook./, Fl. Tasm. 2 (1859) pi. 158
rara Dichelachne auct. non Vickery: Vickery, Contr. N.S. Wales Nat. Herb. 1 (1951) 337, pro specim.
with hairs. Culms scabridly to softly puberulous retrorse Upper glume 6—8.25 mm long,
—8 incl. the mm callus-hairs — long-acuminate. Lemma5.25 mm long, 0.5 long callus, 1.25
above long, times as 1.75 mmlong; apex awn 0.75 —2 mm long; awn 1.5—2.5 cm 2.5 —3.5 Palea Anthers long as the lemma. 4—6.25 nunlong, occasionally 4-nerved. three, (cleisto- gamous) 0.5—1 mm long, yellow, or (chasmogamous) 1.5—2.75 mm long, purple.
beak Caryopsis ca. 3.25 mm long, 0.5—0.75 mm long. Distribution: Australia (N.S. Wales, Victoria, Tasmania) and New Zealand. between Ecology: On dry hill-sides and in open sclerophyll-forest, around Canberra
and m. 650 1370 J. F. Veldkamp: Dkhelachiic 9
2. Dichelachne micrantha (Cav.) Domin
D. micrantha (Cav.) Domin, Bibl. Bot. 85 (1915) 353; A. Camus in Guill., Bull. Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat. II, 8
— Icon. F. Austr. 8 (1:936) 555. Stipa micrantha Cav., 5 (1799) 42, fig. 467; v. M., Fragm. Phyt. (1873)
Bot. R. — 105; J. 16 (1878) 327; nan Br., 1810, Benth., 1878, et al. Type: Nie s.n. (MA, holo, see note).
— sciurea 182. — Agrostis sciurea R. Br., Prodr. (1810) 171. Vilfa? Beauv., Agrost. (1812) 16, 148, Muehlen-
sciurea Mém. Àc. Sc. St Sect. Nat. in — bergia Trin., Pétersb. VI, 6 (1841) 308 (61 ed. alt.) et non prior.
D. sciurea Nov. New Hook./., Fl. Zel. 1 (1853) 293; Fl. Tasm. 2 (1859) ill, excl. fig.; Handb. Fl. Zeal. Austr. Grasses (1864) 325; Benth., Fl. 7 (1878) 574; Turner, Austr. 1 (1895) 22, fig.; Maiden, Manual
Grasses N.S. Wales (1898) 119; Bailey, Queensl. Fl. 6 (1902) 1885; Rodway, Tasm. Fl. (1903) 263; New Trans. New Cheeseman, Manual Zeal. Fl. (1906) 874; Laing, & Proc. Zeal. Inst. 47 (1915) 18;
Manual New Ewart. Fl. Vict. S. Austr. Cheeseman, Zeal. Fl. ed. 2 (1925) 164; (1930) 172; Black, Fl. ed. 2, W. 1 (1948) 100; Gardner, Fl. Austr. 1 (1952) 151; Willis, Handb. PI. Vict. 1 (1962) 138; Burbidge,
Austr. Grasses 1 (1966) 78, fig. 25; Burbidge& Gray, Fl. A.C.T. (1970) 47, fig. 38. — Type: R. Brown
6211 under D. (BM, holo; K) (see note rara ssp. rara). D. Prodr. Trin. & Mem. Ac. Sc. St Petersb. Sect. Nat. montana Endl., Fl. Norf. (1833) 20; Rupr., VI, 5
(1843) 2; Rotar, Grasses Hawaii (1969) 65,319. — Stipa dichelachne Stcud., Nomencl. ed. 2, 1 (1840)
— T F. Bauer Icon. ined. 502; 2 (1841) 643, nom. superfl. y p e: s.n. (W, holo, ft.!'.; K), 310 (BM).
D. Trin. Mem. Ac. St VI. Sect. Nat. — vulgaris & Rupr., Sc. Petersb. 5 (1843) 3. Lectotype: Sieber
Agrost. 70 (LE, holo, n.v.; BM, K, L, P). D. sciurea Hook./ var. inaequiglumisHack, ex Cheeseman, Manual New Zeal. Fl. (1906) 874; ed. 2 (1925)
— D. micrantha Bibl. — W. Townson 164. Domin, var. inaequiglumis Domin, Bot. 85 (1915) 353. Type:
s.n. (W, holo, n.v.; CHR, n.v.).
Deyeuxia conspicua auct. non Stapf: Zotov, Trans. Proc. Roy. Soc. New Zeal. 73 (1943) 234, excl. basion. —
Cortaderia conspicua auct. non Conert: Conert, Syst. & Anat. Arund. (1961) 106, p.p.
smooth somewhat scaberul- Caespitose perennial, up to no cm high, glabrous, culms to Blades Peduncle ous. Ligule 0.3—1(—2.5) mm long. up to 23 cm by 5 mm. up to 45 cm. Panicle axis branches dense, spiciform, sometimes lobed at base, up to 19 by 3.5 cm, and
Glumes Lemma incl. obscured by the many spikelets. 3 —5 mm long. 2.25 —4-25 nun long»
the mm callus-hairs above —1 0.2—0.5 long callus, 0.35—0.75 mm long, apex awn 0.5 lemma. Palea mm long; awn 1—1.75 cm long, 3.5 —5 times as long as the 2.25 —3 mm
long. Lodicules 0.2—0.6 mm long, glabrous or apically ciliate. Anthers (short type) 0.4 —0.7 anthesis. ( —1 ?) mm long, or (long type) 1—1.75 mm long, whitish to yellow to purple at
Caryopsis 2.25—4.25 mm long, beak ca. 0.5 mm long.
Distribution: New Zealand, Kermadecls., Norfolk I., Australia, Easter I.; introduced
in Hawaii.
Ecology: Dry sclerophyll forest on sandstone and granite, near Canberra up to 1500 m.
Note: There has been some confusion aboutthe correct name for this species, caused by
the crude drawing given by Cavanilles (1799). The drawing of the spikelet shows a dis- of tinctly geniculate awn and a lemma with a coronula, as is foundin many species Stipa, with but never in Dichelachne. It is therefore not surprising that Bentham (1878) equated it verticillata and Mueller stated he had of the Stipa Spreng., although F. v. (1878) seen part has since. I type and that it was a Dichelachne, Bentham's opinion been followed am greatly Madrid and informed obliged to Miss Paunero who kindly studied the type in again me
that F. v. Mueller was correct.
Studying Stipa micrantha in Bentham's circumscription it appeared that there are actually two species
involved, which can be distinguished as follows:
without callus-hairs —1.6 cm 1. Lemma ca. 2.25 mm long, glabrous, coronula; 0.25 mm long; awn 1.4 ramosissima long; anthers apically with a seta S.
1. Lemma 2.65 —2.85 mm long, appressed pubescent; coronula minute; callus-hairs 0.5 mm long; awn
S. 2.3—3.7 cm long; anthers apically with a tuft of cilia verticillata
These Trinius and Beadle et al. but species were already distinguished by (1830) recently by (1962), gen-
Bentham's has been followed. The be erally opinion following synonymy can given: BLUMEA VOL. No. 10 22, 1, 1974
Stiparamosissima (Trin.) Nees, Flora n (1828) 301. — Urachne ramosissima Trin., Gram. Unifl.(i824)
— ramosissima Mem. Ac. Sect. Nat. — 173. Strepiachne Trin. & Rupr., Sc. St Petersb. VI, 5 (1843) 7.
Sieber 82 Type: Agrost. (LE, holo, n.v.; BM, K, L, P). Austr. Stipa micrantha auct. non Cav.: Benth., Fl. 7 (1878) 566, quoad descr., p.p.
verticillata ex Cur. Post. Trin. Stipa Nees Sprcng., Syst. Veg. 4, 2 (1827) 30. — Streptachne verticillata &
Rupr., Mem. Ac. Sc. St Petersb. VI, Sect. Nat. 5 (1843) 8. — Type: Sieber Agrost. 64 (LE, holo, n.v.; BM, K, L, P).
Stipa breviglumis J. M. Black, Trans. Roy. Soc. S Austr. 6$ (1941) 333. — Types: Cleland s.n.; Tate
Herb. s.n. (n.v.).
micrantha auct. Cav.: R. Prodr. Fl. Austr. Stipa non Br., (1810) 175; Benth., 7 (1878) 566,/? p. Austr. Stipa ramosissima auct. non Nees: F. v. M., Fragin. Phytogr. 8 (1873) 105, p.p. should be These species regarded as true Stipas, although Miss Hughes (1921) excluded them. She referred them first to Dichelachne and later (1923) to Muehlenbergia. The presence of an articulate awn and a linear
albeit shows them different from hilum, exceptionally short, to belong to Stipa, and althoughthey are quite the other American in various Australian representatives, there are a number of South ones that are similar
of the sections and aspects (e.g. Microstipa, Leptostipa, Cirtostipa).
Bentham's remark that S. verticillata and S. arundinacea resemble each taken (1881) . (!) closely other, up is is again by Cheeseman (1906, 1925), erroneous. The latter species an Oryzopsis (see below sub Agrostis procera).
3. Dichelachne crinita (Linné f.) Hook. f.
D. crinita (Linne/.) Hook./, Fl. Nov. Zel. 1 (1853) 293; Fl. Tasm. 2 (1859) 111; Handb. New Zeal. Fl-
Fl. Austr. Austr. Grasses Manual (1864) 325; Benth., 7 (1878) 574; Turner, 1 (1895) 21, fig.; Maiden,
Grasses N.S. Wales (1898) 118; Bailey, Queensl. Fl. 6 (1902) 1884; Rodway, Tasm. Fl. (1903) 263;
New Zeal. Trans. Proc. New Inst. Cheeseman, Manual Fl. (1906) 873; Laing, & Zeal. 47 (1915) 18;
Cheeseman, Manual New Zeal. Fl. ed. 2 (1925) 163; Ewart, Fl. Vict (1930) 172, fig. 80; Black, Fl. S.
Austr. Fl. Connor ed. 2, 1 (1948) 99, fig. 121; Gardner, W. Austr. 1 (1952) 151, fig. 46 A; & Cook,
New Zeal. J. Sc. Techn. 34, A (1952) 369; Connor, New Zeal. J. Sc. Techn. 38, A (1957) 742; Metcalfe,
Anat. Monoc. Handb. Vict. Grasses 1 (i960) 156; Willis, Fl. 1 (1962) 137; Burbidge, Austr. 3 (1970) 128,
fig. 49; Burbidge & Gray, Fl. A.C.T. (1970) 47. — Anthoxanthum crinitum Linne/., Suppl. (1781) 90. —
crinita non Moench. Agrostis R. Br., Prodr. (1810) 170; (1794). — Apera? crinita Beauv., Agrost. (1812) 31,
147, 151. — Cinna crinita Trin., Fund. Agrost. (1820) 118. — Muehlenbergia crinita Trin., Gram. Unifl.
(1824) 192, pi. 5 f. 13; Mém. Ac. Sc. St Pétersb. VI, Sect. Nat. 6 (1841) 309 (62 in ed. alt.). — D. forsteriana
Trin. Ac. St Pétersb. Sect. Nat. — crinita & Rupr., Mém. Sc. VI, 5 (1843) 4, nom. superfl. Deyeuxia Trans. Proc. New Zotov, Roy. Soc. Zeal. 73 (1943) 234. — Type: Forster s.n. in Hb. Back (S, holo,
Forster in n.v.); the following are probably isotypes: Hb Willdenow 626 (B); Forster s.n. (LE, n.v.; K); Forster Forster 15 (P); 18 (BM).
Nees in Lond. Bot. Gunn Muehlenbergia mollicoma Hook, f., J. 2 (1843) 414. — Type: 988 (BM, holo;
K, NSW).
Mem. Ac. Sc. St Sect. Nat. D. hookeriana Trin. & Rupr., Petersb. VI, 5 (1843) 3. — Type: Hooker s.n.
(LE, holo, n.v.; BM, K).
Mem. Ac. Sc. St Sect. D. comata Trin. & Rupr., Petersb. VI, Nat. 5 (1843) 4. — Type: Sieber Agrost. 86
(LE, holo, n.v.; BM, K, L, P).
D. Mem. longiseta Trin. & Rupr., Ac. Sc. St Petersb. VI, Sect. Nat. 5 (1843) 5. — Type: Hooker s.n.
(LE, holo, n.v.; BM, K). crinita D. intermedia Hack, Manual Zeal. Fl. ed. — T Hook./, var. ex Cheeseman, New 2 (192$) 163. ype: indicated not (W, holo, n.v.; CHR, n.v.).
culms smooth. Blades Caespitose perennial, up to 120 cm high, Ligule 0.75 —1 mm long.
6 mm. Peduncle smooth. Panicle —22 cm by 2 —5 up to 20 cm, up to 20 cm, densely con- lobed tracted, spiciform, sometimes at base, axis and branches obscured by the many
Glumes spikelets. Spikelets exceptionally up to 3-floreted. 4.75 —11.5 mm long. Lemma
incl. the 3-75—8 mm long, 0.4—0.5 mm long callus, callus-hairs 0.5—1 mm long, apex
—6 the above awn 1—3 mm long; awn 2 —4 cm long, 4 times as long as lemma. Palea
Lodicules 3.5—4.25 mm long. 0.4—0.5 mm long, apically ciliate. Anthers (short form) yellow, 0.35 —0.75 mm long, or (long form) yellow or purple, 0.9—1.75 mm long. beak Caryopsis up to 2.75 mm long, 0.5 —0.75 mm long. F. Veldkamp: J. Dichehchic 11
Distribution: Malesia (New Guinea: Mt. Wilhelmina, E. Highlands Distr.),
Australia, Tasmania, Lord Howe I., Norfolk I., Kermadec Is., New Zealand.
also in Ecology: Clearings, (dry) open places, along roads, streams, etc., but rich valley above bottoms. In New Guinea 1700 m.
Uses: Reports are varied, some consider it as an excellent pasture grass, making good
hay (Bailey), others find it little palatable to stock and oflittle pastoral significance (Bur- from culms bidge). A strong paper can be made the (Ewart). Anatomy: See Metcalfe (i960).
authors of anthers floret. Notes: Previous have mentioned the presence two per Linne
in for that but I have this in / placed the species Anthoxanthum reason, encountered only
in florets in which had otherwise normal very rare cases some panicles 1- or 3-anthered florets.
ofthis Connor (1957) and Cook (1952) have discussed the breeding system species, sug- that This gesting it is facultatively self-fertilizing. seems to be the common situation in
view of the more or less exclusive occurrence of cleistogamic plants.
EXCLUDED OR DUBIOUS NAMES
A. Astrol. Retz. — I. Agrostis procera Rich., Voy. 1 (1832) 125; non (1786/7). Agrostis
lessoniana Nomencl. ed. — Steud., Bot. 2, 1 (1840) 41, 42. Type: Lesson s.n. (P, holo).
Agrostis rigida A. Rich., Voy. Astrol. 1 (1832) 124; non Spreng. (1825). — Dichelachne rigida
— Zeal. Steud., Syn. 1 (1854) 120. Oryzopsis rigida Zotov, Trans. Roy. Soc. New 73
— de (1943) 235. Type: Lesson s.n. ('Passe Franfais') (not in P). Fl. Apera arundinacea Hook./, Fl. Nov. Zel. 1 (1853) 295, t. 67; Handb. New Zeal. (1864)
Zeal. — arundinacea 326; Buchanan, New Grasses (1880) 1.17. Stipa Benth., J. Linn. Soc.
Manual Zeal. Fl. ed. — Bot. 19 (1881) 81; Cheesman, New (1906) 857; 2 (1925) 148. Colenso Type: s.n. (K. hololectotype; BM).
Apera purpurascens Colenso, Trans. Proc. New Zeal. Inst. 21 (1888) 206. — Type: Colenso
S.tl. (K).
= lessoniana comb. Oryzopsis (Steud.) Veldk., nov. the of could be found Although type Agrostis rigida not in Paris (according to a note by there from de- Zotov on Colenso 6ot), K, should even be 4 sheets), it seems probable the
scription that it belongs here. The fact of The that this species belongs to Oryzopsis is phytogeographic interest. genus itself in the Northern few found occurs mainly temperate Hemisphere, only a species are South which the World The in America, belong to New section Oryzopsis. present species the Old World section The is native Austra- belongs to Piptatherum. genus not to Malesia, and the latter miliacea lia, Tasmania; in two areas O. (L.) Aschers. & Schweinf. has been
introduced.
2. Dichelachne setacea Nees, Pi. Preiss. 2 (1846) 98; non Stipa setacea R. Br. (1810). —Type:
Preiss 1854 (BM, holo).
Fl. — Banks D. stipoides Hook. /, Nov. Zel. 1 (1853) 294, t. 66. Type: & Solander (BM, holo).
Stipa teretifolia Steud., Syn. 1 (1854) 128. — Type: Lesson s.n. (P, holo).
= Stipa stipoides (Hook. /) Veldk., comb. nov.
This species is currently known as S. teretifolia and must unfortunately have another
name. 12 BLUMEA VOL. 22, No. 1, 1974
3. Dichelachne drummondianaSteud., Syn. I (1854) 120. — Deyeuxia drummondianaBenth.,
Fl. — Drummond Austr. 7 (1878) 580. Type: IV, 371 (P, holo; K).
= Agrostis drummondiana (Steud.) Vickery, Constr. N.S. Wales Nat. Herb. 1
(1941) HI.
4. Dichelachne brachyathera Stapf, Kew Bull. (1906) 203. — Type: Gregson s.n.('Gryson') (K, holo).
Herb. = Deyeuxia brachyathera (Stapf) Vickery, Contr. N.S. Wales Nat. 1 (1940) 68.
Dichelachne minor Domin Fl. W. Austr. obs. 5. ex Gardner, 1 (1952) 150, in
I have not been able to trace material bearing this name.
LITERATURE
N. D. EVANS R. BEADLE, C. W., O. & C. CAROLIN, 1972. Handbook of the vascular plants of the Sydney
District and the Blue Mountains: 532.
G. BENTHAM, 1878. Flora Australiensis 7: 573.
1881. Notes 81. on Gramineae. J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 19: Genera Plantarum & J. D. HOOKER, 1883. 3: 1153.
R. 1810. BROWN, Prodromus florae Novae Hollandiae: 170—171. Manual the Zealand CHEESEMAN, T. F. 1906, 1925. of New flora: 857; ed. 2: 149.
ENDLICHER, S. L. 1833. Prodromus florae Norfolkicae: 20.
C. HUBBARD, E. 1934. in J. Hutchinson, The families of floweringplants. II. Monocotyledons: 214.
A Kew HUGHES, D. K. 1921. revision of the Australian species of Stipa. Bull. 1921: 1 —30.
1923. Orthachne and Streptachne. Kew Bull. 1923: 303.
H. Gramineae. 8: MUELLER, F.J. von. 1873. Fragmenta phytographiae Australiae 105.
1878. Note on Stipa micrantha of Cavanilles. J. Bot. 16: 327.
R. Das Bot. PILGER, 1954. System der Gramineae. Jahrb. 76: 332.
E. E. ofthe of soft Bull. Bot. Club TERRELL, 1971. Survey occurrences liquid or endosperm. Torrey 98: 265.
C. B. Graminum Mem. Ac. Sc. St Sect. TRINIUS, 1830. genera. Petersb. VI, Nat. 1: 74, 75.
Graminum in hisce actis editorum Mem. 1836. a se generibus ac speciebus supplementa. Ac. Sc. St
Sect. Nat. Petersb. VI, 4: 36.
& F.J. RUPRECHT, 1843. Species graminum Stipacearum. Mem. Ac. Sc. St Petersb. VI, Sect. Nat. 5:
1—8.
VICKERY, J. W. 1961. Contr. N. S. Wales Nat. Herb., Fl. Ser. 19, 1. Gramineae: 10.
V. in New Trans. ZOTOV, D. 1943. Certain changes the nomenclature of Zealand species of Gramineae.
Proc. Roy. Soc. New Zeal. 73: 235.