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The Fur Trade Era Chapter 5

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The Fur Trade Era Chapter 5 Name _______________________ Date _________ Period _____ The fur trade era Chapter 5 Directions: Use your textbook, Washington, a State of Contrasts, to answer the questions for each section below. Eventually there may be an open-note test or quiz based on your answers to this packet. Remember to read with a purpose (keep words from the questions tucked away in your brain as you read), to skim and scan text features (titles, subtitles, pictures, captions, special features….) to guide your reading, and to re-read passages in order to increase your understanding. Chapter 5: The Fur Trade Era: Pages 138-163 Note: *PNW = Pacific Northwest Chapter Overview: page 138 1.) According to page 138 in your textbook, for the sixty years between 1786-1846, the United States battled over control of what region?_______________________ 2.) Give three examples of animals that were hunted for their pelts during this Fur Trade Era: ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ 3.) On page 140, the text explains that for the first couple of hundred years, the Pacific Northwest (later known as Oregon Country) was explored primarily for scientific reasons. However, by the 1700s, that changed, and adventurers and explorers set out for the Pacific Northwest primarily for _________________________ gain. 4.) The ________ _______________ initiated by sea explorers brought about the first significant cultural interaction between _____________________, _________________ and local ____________________. 5.) Who were the first permanent white residents in Oregon Country (PNW)? ______________________ and _____________________________ 6.) Based on what you’ve read on page 140, is it fair to say that the fur trade initiated. (began) the process of whites living permanently in Washington? Yes / No Connecting to American History: page 142 7.) Read the paragraph about Fur Bearing Animals on page 142 and consider the impact that fur traders and, particularly, fur trading companies had on the environment. What did these companies do if the supply of animals that they hunted for their pelts began to dwindle (become less abundant)? 8.). True or False: Animals such as beavers, otters and foxes were hunted for their pelts because the fur was warm clothing but also uniquely stylish clothing. The Early Fur Trade (1778-1792): page 144 9.) On page 144 the text discusses how early explorers like James Cook and John Meares shifted focus from scientific expeditions to more profitable enterprises and that by the time the Treaty of Paris was signed in 1783, not only these explorers but also others like Americans _________________________ and _______________________ were also loading ships full of furs to later be traded with China. 10.) Due to the abundant resources of the Pacific Northwest, what countries began to fight for political control of the Pacific Northwest? _________________________ and _______________________ Fur Trappers: pages 144-145 11.) List the 8 animals that were most commonly hunted by fur trappers in the Pacific Northwest. ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ 12.) Why were otters and beavers the most popular pelts to get? 13.) Why were local Indians excellent trappers? (Page 145.) Fur Trappers continued: pages 144-145 14.) The Indians traded furs amongst themselves; however, they were different from the white fur trappers in that they did not trap beyond ______________________________. 15.) Unlike the Indians who only trapped animals for ___________________ and for _________________ __________________________, the white fur trappers worked for __________________________. American Indian Fur Trappers: pages 146-147 16.) Though the white fur trappers emigrated west (moved west) to earn their living as fur trappers, a significant majority (amount) of the _________ ___________________ gained by fur trading companies came through trade with local __________________. 17.) Fur trading forts were popular in the Pacific Northwest. For example, Fort ________________________ was the most important trading center in Washington, especially in the west for the Chinook Indians. Central Washington saw Fort _______________ _______________ frequented by the Nez Perce and in our region, Fort _____________________ made for easy trade with the Spokane, Kalispel and other Plateau tribes. 18.) Why did local Indians tolerate the forts on their lands? 19.) True or False: Indians did not sell furs for money. 20.) List 7 commonly traded goods between white fur traders/settlers and local Indians: ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ Directions for the questions below: pages 144, 148 Write either “Fur Trapper,” “Fur Trader” or “Both” in the blanks below for #s 21-24: 21.) ________________________________ were people who trapped animals for their pelts. 22.) ________________________________ individuals and companies who either purchased or traded for furs. 23.) ________________________________ would travel to other places, even Europe or China, to sell furs or trade them for valuable goods. 24.) ________________________________ not only hunted/trapped the animals for their pelts, they typically prepared the pelts themselves to take to trading forts. Fur Traders & Fur Trading Posts: pages 148-149 25.) Because fur traders needed the valuable pelts, they had to have places to meet up with the fur trappers, so companies constructed _________________ to serve as trading posts. 26.) What dates are considered the Fur Trade Era? _____________ to ____________ 27.) Of the four trading companies below, which two were operated by the U.S.? (Circle your two answers.) The North West Fur Trade Company Hudson’s Bay Fur Trade Company The Pacific Fur Trade Company Rocky Mountain Fur Trade Company 28.) Why were fur trading forts so heavily guarded from attack? 29.) Why were many forts in the Pacific Northwest located next to major Indian tribes? 30.) What were some things that made Fort Vancouver a thriving fur trading fort? a.) it was located near Indian tribes c.) easy access to ships from the ocean b.) it was located near water d.) all of the above 31.) How was the Rocky Mountain Fur Company different from other companies like the Northwest, Hudson’s Bay or the Pacific Fur companies? (See pg. 148 and/or pg. 162.) 32.) A ________________________ was a specific time and place for people to meet or gather, specifically it was a meeting place for fur trappers, fur traders and merchants. 33.) Read “Quick Facts” on pg. 148 about beavers and list 2 details that stood out to you: _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 34.) To _____________________ is to trade goods and services for other goods and services. Getting Furs to Market: page 149 35.) What were the three most demanding markets for furs in the early 1800s? 36.) Name three items from China that were frequently traded for fur pelts. 1. 2. 3. The Northwest Fur Company: page 152 37.) With the fur trade becoming a profitable global economy, many fur trading companies hired explorers to chart regions unfamiliar to _________________. 38.) Two famous explorers of the North West Fur Company were __________________________________ and _____________________________. 39.) The British-owned North West Fur Company had a primary objective in hiring explorers which was to discover what? ____________________________________ 40.) If the British could control both the Northwest Passage and the ________________ River, then not only would this help their fur trading business, but it could also help to claim an important territory for Great Britain. Matching: pages 152-155, 158-159, 160-162 (Note: not all of the pages in this section are used.) Match the name with the corresponding fact. Some facts may be used for multiple names, may be used more than once, or may not be used at all. See #41 example. Note: This section may prove more difficult than some. Team up with a partner virtually or have someone at home help out. You will likely have to re-read sections to be able to match all of the names and descriptions. ___i, e__ 41.) Alexander Mackenzie a.) hired to sail to the mouth of the Columbia River and later to build Fort Astoria _______ 42.) David Thompson b.) discovered the source of the Columbia River _______ 43.) John Jacob Astor c.) killed by Indians _______ 44.) Duncan MacDougall d.) sold the Pacific Fur Company to the British _______ 45.) Jonathan Thorn e.) hired to explore the “River of the West” _______ 46.) Wilson Price Hunt f.) sold their fur company to mountain men _______ 47.) Donald McKenzie g.) ruthless captain of the ship, the Tonquin _______ 48.) Dr. John McLoughlin h.) a near disaster, he helped lead Astor’s overland expedition _______ 49.) Major Andrew Henry i.) the first Nor’wester explorer _______ 50.) General William Ashley j.) founded the Pacific Fur Company k.) worked to create a compromise between American trappers and the Hudson’s Bay Co. l.) co-owned the Rocky Mountain Fur Company m.) mapped one million square miles of Canada n.) America’s first millionaire The War of 1812 Directions: On page 154, the Connecting to History text box gives the reader a brief summary of
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