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LUT Lut 1
1983 FAO SPECIES IDENTIFICATION SHEETS
FAMILY: LUTJANIDAE FISHING AREA 51 (W. Indian Ocean)
Lutjanus argentimaculatus (Forsskål, 1975)
OTHER SCIENTIFIC NAMES STILL IN USE: None
VERNACULAR NAMES: FAO : En - Mangrove red snapper Fr - Vivaneau des mangroves Sp - Pargo de mangiar
NATIONAL:
DISTINCTIVE CHARACTERS:
A red snapper with head profile straight or slightly convex; preopercle unnotched, or at most with a slight notch; interopercle with no distinct knob; vertical and horizontal margins of preopercle finely serrated; teeth in both jaws in bands, with a strong outer row; upper jaw with a pair of strong canines; teeth on vomer (roof of mouth) in a triangular patch with a median posterior extension, or in a rhomboid patch. Dorsal fin with 10 spines and 13 to 15 rays; anal fin with 3 spines and 8 or 9 soft rays; caudal fin truncate or slightly emarginate. Longitudinal rows of scales above lateral line parallel to dorsal profile anteriorly, but appearing to rise obliquely under soft part of dorsal fin or under posterior part of spinous dorsal fin; scale rows below lateral line horizontal; 7 or 8 scale rows on preopercle, its lower border scaleless; predorsal scales on top of head beginning behind the eyes. Soft parts of dorsal and anal fins with a scaly sheath. Colour: red brown; somewhat paler on belly; often a silvery patch in the centre of each scale. DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERS OF SIMILAR SPECIES OCCURRING IN THE AREA: Other red-coloured Lutjanus species: all scale rows above lateral line clearly oblique. Furthermore, scale rows below lateral line also oblique in L. erythropterus and L. gibbus; 11 dorsal fin spines in L, coccineus, L. erytropterus, L. malabaricus and L. sebae 10 in L. argentimaculatus).
Pinjalo pinjaio: eye at mid-level of head, axis from tip of snout to middle of caudal fin passing through centre L. bohar, L. erythropterus, of pupil; caudal fin lunate; scale rows above and below L. coccineus, etc. L. giibbus, lateral line running obliquely upward. Pinialo pinjalo
SIZE:
Maximum: 120 cm; common to 80.
GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION AND BEHAVIOUR: L. argentimaculatus Throughout most of the area north to about 22°S, except perhaps on some of offshore islands. Elsewhere, in the Eastern Indian Ocean and the Western Central Pacific. Juveniles usually inhabit mangrove and shallow water areas, but adults are sometimes found down to depths of 80 m.
Feeds mainly on crustaceans and fishes.
PRESENT FISHING GROUNDS:
Shallow waters, throughout its range; also on off- Lutjanus Pinjalo shore reefs.
CATCHES, FISHING GEAR AND FORMS OF UTILIZATION:
Separate statistics are not reported for this species.
Caught mainly with handlines, bottom longlines and bottom trawls.
Marketed mostly fresh; also dried salted.
LUT Lut 2
1983
FAO SPECIES IDENTIFICATION SHEETS
FAMILY: LUTJANIDAE FISHING AREA 51 (W. Indian Ocean)
Lutjanus bohar (Forsskål, 1775)
OTHER SCIENTIFIC NAMES STILL IN USE: Lutjanus coatesi Whitley, 1934 Lutjanus civis (Valenciennes, 1840)
VERNACULAR NAMES: FAO : En - Two-spot red snapper Fr - Vivaneau chien rouge Sp - Porgo de dos
NATIONAL:
DISTINCTIVE CHARACTERS:
A heavy-bodied snapper with head profile slightly convex. A prominent notch in front of eye containing the nostrils; preopercular margin with a distinct, shallow notch and an interopercular knob; vertical and horizontal borders of preopercle finely denticulate; teeth on vomer (roof of mouth) in a triangular patch, without a posteriomedian extension. Dorsal fin with 10 spines (rarely 11) and 14 soft rays; anal fin with 3 spines and 8 soft rays; caudal fin slightly forked. Longitudinal rows of scales above lateral line appear to rise obliquely to dorsal profile and those below lateral run horizontally; 8 scale rows on preopercle, its lower border scaleless; predorsal scales on top of head beginning behind eyes; soft parts of dorsal and anal fins with a scaly sheath.
Colour: red or purplish red; juveniles and some adults with 2 distinct silvery spots on body between lateral line and dorsal profile; usually centre of each scale silvery.
DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERS OF SMILAR SPECIES OCCURRING IN THE AREA:
Other red-coloured Lutjanus species:
L. argentimaculatus: scale rows above lateral line running parallel dorsal body profile anteriorly, but slanting upward posteriorly. L. argentimaculatus L. erythropterus and L. gibbus: scale rows above and below lateral scale rows line running obliquely upward; also, 11 dorsal fin spines in L. erythropterus (usually 10 in L. bohar); head profile concave and preopercular notch with interopercular knob very prominent in L. gibbus.
L. malabaricus (ex-L. sanquineus) and L. sebae: scale rows below lateral line running horizontally only in anterior part of body, slanting upwards posteriorly; 11 dorsal fin spines. Furthermore, L. sebae has a prominent preopercular notch with a well developed interopercular knob, 15 or 16 dorsal soft rays (14 in L. bohar); and middle rays of dorsal and L. erythropterus, L. gibbus, anal fins prolonged; juveniles and small adults of this species have darker red bars. Pinjalo pinjalo
L. coccineus: forehead steep and angular with a pronounced hump on forehead becoming pro- minent with age, 11 dorsal fin spines.
L. lemniscatus: head profile concave; colour pink or mauve; head with golden spots and short bars fading after death. L. malabaricus, L. sebae L. bohar L. russelli: sometimes reddish brown, but a dark blotch on lateral line and golden stripes.
Pinjalo pinalo: eye at midlevel of head, axis from tip of snout to middle of caudal fin passing through centre of pupil; caudal fin lunate; scale rows above and below lateral line running obliquely upward.
L. coccineus L. sebae
L. russelli SIZE: Maximum: 75 cm; common to 50.
GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION AND BEHAVIOUR: Throughout the area north of 22°S. Elsewhere, in Pinjalo the Eastern Indian Ocean and the Western Central Lutjanus Pacific, eastward to Polynesia.
Usually inhabits coral reef areas in shallow waters, but occasionally occurs down to depths of 70 m in rocky areas.
Feeds on crustaceans and fishes; large specimens feed predominantly on fishes.
PRESENT FISHING GROUNDS:
Shallow coral reef areas; also caught at depths to 70 m.
CATCHES, FISHING GEAR AND FORMS OF UTILIZATION:
Separate statistics are not reported for this species. Caught mainly with handlines and bottom longlines. Marketed mostly fresh; also dried salted.
LUT Lut 3
1983
FAO SPECIES IDENTIFICATION SHEETS
FAMILY: LUTJANIDAE FISHING AREA 51 (W. Indian Ocean)
Lutjanus fulviflammus (Forsskål,1775)
OTHER SCIENTIFIC NAMES STILL IN USE: Lutjanus fulviflamma (Forsskål, 1775)
VERNACULAR NAMES:
FAO: En - Blackspot snapper Fr - Vivaneau gibelot Sp - Pargo tintero
NATIONAL:
DISTINCTIVE CHARACTERS:
A small, robust snapper with head profile convex and interorbital space broad and flat; a slight preopercular notch and an indistinct interopercular knob; vertical and horizontal preopecular edges finely serrated; preorbital space (between eye and maxilla) much smaller than fleshy interorbital space; vomerine teeth (on roof of mouth) in an arrowhead patch with a long projection posteriorly. Dorsal fin with 10 spines and 12 or 13 soft rays; anal fin with 3 spines and 7 or 8 soft rays. Longitudinal. scale rows above lateral line nearly parallel to dorsal profile from head to below anterior part of spinous dorsal fin, and then appearing to rise steeply to dorsal profile; those below lateral line horizontal; scales on head beginning behind eye; soft parts of dorsal and anal fins with a scaly sheath. Colour: yellow or green/yellow above, silvery pink below, sometimes with marked longitudinal golden stripes; a black blotch on lateral line below junction of soft and spinous parts of dorsal fin, sometimes surrounded by a pearly border; fin yellowish.
DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERS OF SIMILAR SPECIES OCCURRING IN THE AREA:
L. russelli: 14 or 15 soft dorsal fin rays (12 or 13 in L. fulviflammus); head profile straight or concave; inter- órbital space convex, and sometimes golden lines on upper part of body running obliquely upward to dorsal profile.
L. russelli Other Lutjanus species of pale ground colour with a dark blotch on back: scale rows above lateral line either all horizontal or all oblique. Futhermore: scale rows L. monostigmus: vomerine teeth in a shaped band with no posterior projection; no golden stripes on body; preorbital space wider than fleshy interorbital space.
L. johni: body with dark streaks instead of golden stripes; blotch on back located above lateral line; predorsal scales beginning at a transverse line L. johni, L. ehrenbergi L. fulviflammus through rear edge of eyes; scale rows above and below lateral line all horizontal.
L. ehrenbergi: preorbital space (between eye and maxilla narrower, 8.5 to 10.3 times in head length (5.5 to 6.5 times in L. fulviflammus), vomer- ine tooth patch with only a short posterior projec- tion; lateral line running through middle or lower half of dark blotch on back; scale rows above and below lateral line horizontal.
L. duodecemlineatus, L. kasmira and L. coeruleolineatus: a series of blue stripes on side. Furthermore, vomerine tooth-patch without a poste- rior extension, dorsal fin rays 14 or 15, and pre- L. johni dorsal scales beginning on interorbital space in L. kasmira.
Other Lutjanus species: no black blotches on body, or ground colour different.
SIZE:
Maximum: 35 cm; common to 25 cm.
L. ehrenbergi
GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION AND BEHAVIOUR: Throughout the area north of about 22° S. Else- where, in the Eastern Indian Ocean and the Western Central Pacific, eastward to Polynesia.
Inhabits shallow waters around mangroves, muddy and rocky foreshores and coral reefs.
Feeds on invertebrates and small fishes.
PRESENT FISHING GROUNDS:
Coastal waters, throughout its range.
CATCHES, FISHING GEAR AND FORMS OF UTILIZATION:
Separate statistics are not reported for this species.
Caught mainly with handlines, traps and gillnets.
Marketed mostly fresh. LUT Lut 4
1983
FAO SPECIES IDENTIFICATION SHEETS FAMILY: LUTJANIDAE FISHING AREA 51 (W. Indian Ocean)
Lutjanus gibbus (Forsskål, 1775)
OTHER SCIENTIFIC NAMES STILL IN USE: None
VERNACULAR NAMES:
FAO : En - Humpback red snapper Fr - Vivaneau pagaie Sp - Pargo jorobado NATIONAL:
DISTINCTIVE CHARACTERS:
A small, deep-bodied snapper. Profile of head concave in adults; preopercular notch deep and narrow, with a long interopercular knob fitting into it; vertical and horizontal edges of preopercle denticulate. Dorsal fin with 10 spines and 13 to 15 soft rays; anal fin with 3 spines and 8 or 9 rays; caudal fin becoming deeply forked with age, its upper lobe larger than lower lobe in adults, and distinctly rounded. Longitudinal rows of scales above lateral line appear to rise obliquely upward to dorsal profile; rows below also apparently running obliquely upward, scales on head beginning behind eye; soft parts of dorsal and anal fins with a scaly sheath. Colour: deep red; juveniles with posterior part of caudal peduncle and caudal fin dark brown. preopercular DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERS OF SIMILAR SPECIES notch OCCURRING IN THE AREA:
Lutlanus erythropterus: 11 dorsal fin spines (10 in L. gibbus; profile of head convex; preopercular notch shallow. interopercular knob L. erythropterus L. gibbus Other red-coloured Lutjanus species: longitudinal scale rows below lateral line horizontal, at least on anterior part of body. Furthermore, 11 dorsal fin spines in L. coccineus, L. malabaricus and L. sebae; snout profile straight or convex in all except L. malabaricus, a distinct hump above eyes in adults of L. coccineus and middle dorsal and anal soft rays elongate in L. sebae. Pinialo pinjalo: eye at mid-level of head, axis from tip of snout to middle of caudal fin passing through centre of pupil; caudal fin lunate. L. bohar, L. coccineus
SIZE:
Maximum: 50 cm; common to 40 cm. L. malabaricus, L. sebae
GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION AND BEHAVIOUR: Throughout the area north of about 22°S. Else- where, in the Eastern Indian Ocean and the Western Central Pacific, eastward to Polynesia. L. erythropterus, Pinjalo pinjalo
Inhabits shallow waters in rocky and coral reef L. gibbus areas; also on rock bottoms to depths of 60 m; juveniles occur in mangrove areas.
Feeds on bottom-living invertebrates and fishes.
PRESENT FISHING GROUNDS:
Coastal waters, throughout its range.
Pinjaio Lutjanus CATCHES, FISHING GEAR AND FORMS OF UTILIZATION:
Separate statistics are not reported for this species.
Caught mainly with handlines and traps.
Marketed mostly fresh.
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