(12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 8,058,296 B2 Tokunaga (45) Date of Patent: Nov
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USOO8058296 B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 8,058,296 B2 Tokunaga (45) Date of Patent: Nov. 15, 2011 (54) TREATMENT AND PREVENTION OF 3. A ! E: MNally al. DELETERIOUS EFFECTS ASSOCATED W - W Itus et al. WITH ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION S.S. A 88. Ea. 6,090,412 A 7/2000 Hashimoto et al. (76) Inventor: Richard Tokunaga, Honolulu, HI (US) 6,552,047 B2 4/2003 Garvey et al. 6,926,907 B2 8, 2005 Plachetka (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this 2001,7,094.414 0043959 A1B2 11,8, 20062001 GelberNakata etet al.al. patent is extended or adjusted under 35 2004/0010021 A1 1/2004 Racz et al. U.S.C. 154(b) by 298 days. 2005/0203105 A1 9, 2005 Tan et al. 2005/0271754 A1* 12/2005 Cochrane ...................... 424,750 (21) Appl. No.: 12/323,098 FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS (22) Filed: Nov. 25, 2008 WO WO95/O1792 1, 1995 WO WO 2004/016268 2, 2004 (65) Prior Publication Data WO WO 2007/OOOO38 1, 2007 * cited by examiner US 2010/O 130573 A1 May 27, 2010 Primary Examiner — Jennifer M Kim (51) Int. Cl. (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm — Biotech Beach Law Group A6 IK3I/426 (2006.01) PC (52) U.S. Cl. ........ grgrrr. 514/370 (57) ABSTRACT (58) Field of Classification Search .................. 514/370,514/562 The present invention provides to methods and compositions that treat or prevent deleterious effects associated with alco S ee appl1cauonlication fileIlle fIor completelet searcnh historv.n1Story hol consumption including alcohol-induced flush reaction (56) References Cited and hangover. The methods and compositions include famo tidine and optionally succinic acid. The present invention U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS further demonstrates compositions that include famotidine 4,096,266 A 6, 1978 It1 effective at treating symptoms associated with a flush 5,021,582 A 6, 1991 Ballester-Rodes et al. reaction in Subjects that are not significantly responsive to 5,352,688 A 10/1994 Kaminski treatments with the H1 antagonist loratidine or the H2 antago 5,364,616 A 1 1/1994 Singer et al. nist cimetidine. 5.453,428 A 9, 1995 Kaminski 5,496,836 A 3, 1996 Di Rocco et al. 4 Claims, 2 Drawing Sheets U.S. Patent Nov. 15, 2011 Sheet 1 of 2 US 8,058,296 B2 NH HN N N ~-l's SO-N-- . 2 yers SN-- " NH S FIG. 1 HO OH FG, 2 U.S. Patent Nov. 15, 2011 Sheet 2 of 2 US 8,058,296 B2 N HN in \ FIG. 3A FIG. 3B US 8,058,296 B2 1. 2 TREATMENT AND PREVENTION OF Accordingly, there remains a need to develop new methods DELETERIOUSEFFECTS ASSOCATED and compositions for the treatment and prevention of delete WITH ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION rious effects associated with alcohol consumption. TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION 5 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to the prevention or treatment The present invention addresses deficiencies in methods of effects associated with alcohol consumption and more and compositions for the treatment or prevention of deleteri specifically to methods and compositions for the treatment or ous effects associated with alcohol consumption and provides prevention of alcohol-induced flush reaction and hangover. 10 related benefits. This is accomplished by the compositions and their administration as provided herein. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION In one aspect of the present invention a composition for the prevention or reduction of deleterious effects associated with Metabolism of alcohol involves a two step enzymatic reac alcohol consumption is provided including an effective tion. First, alcohol is oxidized to acetaldehyde by alcohol 15 amount of each of famotidine and Succinic acid and a phar dehydrogenase. Second, the acetaldehyde is oxidized to ace maceutically acceptable carrier. The composition is effective at preventing or reducing alcohol-induced flush reaction and tic acid by acetaldehyde dehydrogenase and glutathione. Ace hangover. The composition is particularly useful for Subjects tic acid is then transported to the muscles and adipose tissue that do not significantly respond to treatments such as the H1 where it is further broken down into carbon dioxide and water. receptor antagonist loratidine or the H2 receptor antagonist Thus, the rate at which alcohol is metabolized to acetic acid cemetidine. depends in part upon the balance of both alcohol dehydroge In another aspect of the present invention, a method for nase and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase. This balance is impor preventing or reducing alcohol-induced flush reaction and tant because although alcohol is toxic to the body, acetalde hangover in a human is provided including administering to hyde is actually more toxic than alcohol. 25 the human an effective amount of a composition including Polymorphisms in the acetaldehyde dehydrogenase gene famotidine and Succinic acid with a pharmaceutically accept correlate significantly to particular populations, such as those able carrier prior to imbibing in alcohol. Famotidine may be having Asian ancestry and even more significantly to those provided as the sole histamine receptor antagonist. The having Japanese ancestry. These polymorphisms frequently method may be particularly desired for humans that do not result in slowed conversion of acetaldehyde to acetic acid. 30 significantly respond to loratidine and/or cemetidine. Accordingly, without significant slowing of alcoholdehydro In another aspect of the present invention a method for the genase activity, acetaldehyde begins to build up in the body. prevention or reducing alcohol-induced flush reaction in a Rapid accumulation of acetaldehyde causes redness in the human is provided including administering to the human an skin, primarily along the face and limbs. This condition is effective amount of famotidine as a sole histamine receptor referred to as alcohol-induced flush reaction, also known as 35 antagonist prior to imbibing in alcohol and optionally Suc Asian flush. cinic acid. In another aspect of the present invention a method for A combination treatment for controlling alcohol-induced treating alcohol-induced flush reaction in a human is pro flush reaction is proposed in published U.S. patent applica vided including administering to a human in need thereof an tion Ser. No. 11/009,559. Specifically, the authors propose a 40 combined treatment prior to imbibing in alcohol, the treat effective amount of famotidine and a pharmaceutically ment including administering both an H1 receptor histamine acceptable carrier. antagonist and a H2 receptor histamine antagonist. The pro BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS posed H1 receptor antagonists include terfenadine, astemi sole and fenoxifene. The proposed H2 receptor antagonists 45 FIG. 1 is a structural formula of famotidine. included cimetidine, famotidine, nizatidine and ranitidine. FIG. 2 is a structural formula of succinic acid. Such treatments do not address the conversion of alcohol to FIG. 3A is a structural formula of cimetidine. FIG. 3B is a acetic acid but instead propose to competitively antagonize structural formula of loratidine. H1 and H2 histidine receptors while in circulation, which temporarily reduces the appearance of symptoms. However, 50 DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION the proposed treatments suffer from two drawbacks. First, many that suffer from alcohol-induced flush reaction do not The present invention provides methods and compositions respond to many of the proposedantagonists, which indicates for the treatment, prevention or amelioration of symptoms the antagonists are not interchangeable. Second, in some associated with consumption of alcohol. In some embodi instances temporarily masking symptoms may lead to 55 ments, the present invention treats, prevents or reduces hang increased alcohol consumption, which may intensify delete over. In some embodiments, the present invention treats, pre rious effects once temporary relief ends. vents or reduces symptoms associated with alcohol-induced Although alcohol-induced flush reaction is typically asso flush reaction. The objects of the present invention are accom ciated with redness that occurs relatively shortly after con plished by providing an effective amount of famotidine, Suc Sumption of alcohol, the build up of acetaldehyde also con 60 cinic acid, or a combination thereof. Administration prefer tributes to hangover, which is often felt by many the morning ably occurs prior to imbibing in alcohol; however, in some after alcohol consumption. Common hangover effects embodiments the treatment is provided after or during imbib include headache, nausea, dizziness, fatigue, thirst, tension, ing in alcohol. anxiety, paleness, tremor and perspiration. It is commonly The preferred composition and methods of the present believed that black coffee or further consumption of alcohol 65 invention provide a sole histamine receptor antagonist, famo in the morning reduces the symptoms; however, the effective tidine. The term "sole histamine receptor antagonist” refers to ness varies across individuals. the use of famotidine without inclusion of an additional H1 or US 8,058,296 B2 3 4 H2 receptor antagonist. Famotidine is a white to pale yellow flush reaction, Such as decreased redness that is easily observ crystalline compound that is freely soluble in glacial acetic able compared to no treatment or in Some instances compared acid, slightly soluble in methanol, very slightly soluble in to treatment with cimetidine or loratidine. Preferably, water, and practically insoluble in ethanol. It has a molecular increased redness is not visually observed at the face, limbs or weight of 337.43; an empirical formula of CHN.O.S.; and torso. With respect to succinic acid, the effective amount its structural formula is provided as FIG. 1. The chemical prevents or reduces one or more hangover symptoms. The name for famotidine is N'-(aminosulfonyl)-3-(2diaminom effective amount may vary depending on route of administra ethyleneamino)-4-thiazolylmethylthio)propanamidine. tion and between individuals. In some embodiments the Like cimetidine, famotidine is a member of compounds effective amount is less than 20 mg for each of famotidine and referred to histamine H2 antagonists (also referred to as his 10 tamine-2 blockers).