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Here Referred to As Class 18A (See Hyman 1980:187)
WS1 Remarks on the nasal classes in Mungbam and Naki Mungbam and Naki are two non-Grassfields Bantoid languages spoken along the northwest frontier of the Grassfields area to the north of the Ring languages. Until recently, they were poorly described, but new data reveals them to show significant nasal noun class patterns, some of which do not appear to have been previously noted for Bantoid. The key patterns are: 1. Like many other languages of their region (see Good et al. 2011), they make productive use of a mysterious diminutive plural prefix with a form like mu-, with associated concords in m, here referred to as Class 18a (see Hyman 1980:187). 2. The five dialects of Mungbam show a level of variation in their nasal classes that one might normally expect of distinct languages. a. Two dialects show no evidence for nasals in Class 6. Two other dialects, Munken and Ngun, show a Class 6 prefix on nouns of form a- but nasal concords. In Munken Class 6, this nasal is n, clearly distinct from an m associated with 6a; in Ngun, both 6 and 6a are associated with m concords. The Abar dialect shows a different pattern, with Class 6 nasal concords in m and nasal prefixes on some Class 6 nouns. b. The Abar, Biya, and Ngun dialects show a Class 18a prefix with form mN-, rather than the more regionally common mu-. This reduction is presumably connected to perseveratory nasalization attested throughout the languages of the region with a diachronic pathway along the lines of mu- > mũ- > mN- perhaps providing a partial example for the development of Bantu Class 9/10. -
Amakhosi Theatre Ako Bulawayo, Zimbabwe
AN EXAMINATION OF AN AFRICAN POSTCOLONIAL EXPERIENCE OF LANGUAGE, CULTURE, AND IDENTITY:AMAKHOSI THEATRE AKO BULAWAYO, ZIMBABWE Violet B. Lunga B.A.(Hons.), University of ZimbabweJ982 Grad. CE., University of Zimbabwe,l987 M.A., University of Zimbabwe,l990 THESIS SUBMITIED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty of Education O Violet B. Lunga 1997 SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY October 1997 All rights reserved. This work may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopy or other means, without permission of the author. National Library '. Bibliotheque nationale of Canada du Canada Acquisitions and Acquisitions et Bibliographic Services services bibliograph~ques 395 Weilfngton Street 395. we Wellmgton Ottawa ON KIA ON4 Ottawa ON K 1A ON4 Canada Canada Ymr hb Vorre reference Our file Kolre reference The author has granted a non- L'auteur a accorde une licence non + exclusive licence allowing the exclusive pennettant a la National Library of ~anadato Bibliotheque nationale du Canada de reproduce, loan, distribute or sell reproduire, prster, dstnbuer ou copies of hsthesis in microform, vendre des copies de cette these sous paper or electronic formats. la forme de microfichelfilm, de ' reprodwtion sur papier ou sur format electronique. , The .author retains ownership of the auteur conserve la propnete du copyright in hsthesis. Neither the droit d'auteur qui protege cette these. thesis nor substantial extracts from it Ni la these ni des extraits substantiels may be printed or othenvise de celle-ci ne doivent Ztre imprimes .reproduced . without the author's ou autrement reprohits sans son permission. -
Portuguese Language in Angola: Luso-Creoles' Missing Link? John M
Portuguese language in Angola: luso-creoles' missing link? John M. Lipski {presented at annual meeting of the AATSP, San Diego, August 9, 1995} 0. Introduction Portuguese explorers first reached the Congo Basin in the late 15th century, beginning a linguistic and cultural presence that in some regions was to last for 500 years. In other areas of Africa, Portuguese-based creoles rapidly developed, while for several centuries pidginized Portuguese was a major lingua franca for the Atlantic slave trade, and has been implicated in the formation of many Afro- American creoles. The original Portuguese presence in southwestern Africa was confined to limited missionary activity, and to slave trading in coastal depots, but in the late 19th century, Portugal reentered the Congo-Angola region as a colonial power, committed to establishing permanent European settlements in Africa, and to Europeanizing the native African population. In the intervening centuries, Angola and the Portuguese Congo were the source of thousands of slaves sent to the Americas, whose language and culture profoundly influenced Latin American varieties of Portuguese and Spanish. Despite the key position of the Congo-Angola region for Ibero-American linguistic development, little is known of the continuing use of the Portuguese language by Africans in Congo-Angola during most of the five centuries in question. Only in recent years has some attention been directed to the Portuguese language spoken non-natively but extensively in Angola and Mozambique (Gonçalves 1983). In Angola, the urban second-language varieties of Portuguese, especially as spoken in the squatter communities of Luanda, have been referred to as Musseque Portuguese, a name derived from the KiMbundu term used to designate the shantytowns themselves. -
Cover Page the Handle Holds Various Files of This Leiden University Dissertation. Author: Lima
Cover Page The handle http://hdl.handle.net/1887/85723 holds various files of this Leiden University dissertation. Author: Lima Santiago J. de Title: Zoonímia Histórico-comparativa: Denominações dos antílopes em bantu Issue Date: 2020-02-26 729 ANEXO 1: TABELA RECAPITULATIVA DAS PROTOFORMAS Nas protoformas provenientes do BLR (2003) e nas reconstruções de outros autores (majoritariamente, Mouguiama & Hombert, 2006), as classes nominais em negrito e sublinhadas, são sugestões da autora da tese. Significados Reconstruções Propostas Propostas do BLR e de de correções (De Lima outros autores Santiago) *-bʊ́dʊ́kʊ́ °-bʊ́dʊ́gʊ́ (cl. 9/10, 12/13) °-cénda (cl. 12/13) Philantomba °-cótɩ́ monticola (cl. 12/13) *-kùengà > °-kùèngà (cl. 11/5, 7/8) °°-cécɩ/ °°-cétɩ (cl. 9/10, 12/13) *-pàmbı ́ °-pàmbɩ́ (cl. 9/10) °-dòbò Cephalophus (cl. 3+9/4, nigrifrons 5/6) *-pùmbɩ̀dɩ̀ °-pùmbèèdɩ̀ (cl. 9/10, 9/6) 730 Significados Reconstruções Propostas Propostas do BLR e de de correções (De Lima outros autores Santiago) *-jʊ́mbɩ̀ (cl. 9/10, 3/4) °°-cʊ́mbɩ (cl. 9/10, 5/6, 7/8, 11/10) *-jìbʊ̀ °-tʊ́ndʊ́ Cephalophus (cl. 9/10) (cl. 9/10) silvicultor °°-bɩ́mbà °-bɩ̀mbà (cl. 9/10) °-kʊtɩ (cl. 9, 3) *-kʊ́dʊ̀pà/ °-bɩ́ndɩ́ *-kúdùpà (cl. 9/10, 7/8, (cl. 9/10) 3, 12/13) Cephalophus dorsalis °°-cíbʊ̀ °-pòmbɩ̀ (cl. 7/8) (cl. 9/10) °°-cʊmɩ >°-cʊmɩ́ °-gindà (cl. 9) Cephalophus (cl. 3/4) callipygus °°-cábè >°-cábà (cl. 9/10, 7/8) °°-bɩ̀jɩ̀ (cl. 9) 731 Significados Reconstruções Propostas Propostas do BLR e de de correções (De Lima outros autores Santiago) *-bengeda >°-bèngédè °-cégé (cl.9/10) (cl. 9/10) °°-àngàdà >°-jàngàdà Cephalophus (cl. -
Reglas De Congo: Palo Monte Mayombe) a Book by Lydia Cabrera an English Translation from the Spanish
THE KONGO RULE: THE PALO MONTE MAYOMBE WISDOM SOCIETY (REGLAS DE CONGO: PALO MONTE MAYOMBE) A BOOK BY LYDIA CABRERA AN ENGLISH TRANSLATION FROM THE SPANISH Donato Fhunsu A dissertation submitted to the faculty of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of English and Comparative Literature (Comparative Literature). Chapel Hill 2016 Approved by: Inger S. B. Brodey Todd Ramón Ochoa Marsha S. Collins Tanya L. Shields Madeline G. Levine © 2016 Donato Fhunsu ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ABSTRACT Donato Fhunsu: The Kongo Rule: The Palo Monte Mayombe Wisdom Society (Reglas de Congo: Palo Monte Mayombe) A Book by Lydia Cabrera An English Translation from the Spanish (Under the direction of Inger S. B. Brodey and Todd Ramón Ochoa) This dissertation is a critical analysis and annotated translation, from Spanish into English, of the book Reglas de Congo: Palo Monte Mayombe, by the Cuban anthropologist, artist, and writer Lydia Cabrera (1899-1991). Cabrera’s text is a hybrid ethnographic book of religion, slave narratives (oral history), and folklore (songs, poetry) that she devoted to a group of Afro-Cubans known as “los Congos de Cuba,” descendants of the Africans who were brought to the Caribbean island of Cuba during the trans-Atlantic Ocean African slave trade from the former Kongo Kingdom, which occupied the present-day southwestern part of Congo-Kinshasa, Congo-Brazzaville, Cabinda, and northern Angola. The Kongo Kingdom had formal contact with Christianity through the Kingdom of Portugal as early as the 1490s. -
An Analysis of the Classroom Language Of
AN ANALYSIS OF THE CLASSROOM LANGUAGE OF PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENT-TEACHERS WITH REFERENCE TO ITS INTERLANGUAGE FORMS, COMMUNICATIVE ACTIVITIES AND INSTRUCTIONAL STRATEGIES WITH IMPLICATIONS OF THESE FOR TEACHER TRAINING IN ZIMBABWE by P. H. MHUNDWA THESIS SUBMITTED IN FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY AT THE UNIVERSITY OF LONDON INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION SEPTEMBER 1987 2 ABSTRACT This study was designed to analyse and to describe the language of non-native student-teachers who use English as a medium of instruction and who also teach it as a subject. The aim was to describe the formal and functional features of the variety of English they use and to discover whether it constitutes a language system that applies identifiable and descriptively adequate sets of rules. In his analysis, the researcher discussed definitions and 'general properties' of communication to establish criteria within which communicative activities were described in terms of information structuring by student-teachers and information processing by learners. He observed that student-teachers' language generally consists of systematically occuring features that constitute a spoken interlanguage that can be described as a language in its own right. He also observed that the interlanguage variety consists of syntactical and stylistic features some of which are identical to those that characterise native-speaker discourse. At the level of communication, the reseacher observed that student-teachers' and pupils' communicative utterances tend to be defective in situations where higher order thinking processes and ideas need to be articulated in the L2. Another important observation was that student-teachers do not adequately use their interlanguage to realise the important pedagogical functions of explaining, elaborating and classifying key concepts and issues that arise in teaching/learning situations. -
The Conference Program
INTERNATIONAL LINGUISTIC ASSOCIATION ENGLISH—GLOBAL AND LOCAL 58th Annual Conference Kingsborough Community College April 12-14, 2013 On behalf of the International Linguistic Association, we extend a warm welcome to all the participants in this conference. We acknowledge with gratitude the generosity of Kingsborough Community College in hosting it and the College’s Department of English in officially sponsoring it. We owe special thanks to Kingsborough’s Associate Provost Reza Fakhari and Professor Martha Cummings for taking care of the on-site organization. Alice Deakins Cathy McClure Kate Parry Conference Co-Chairs CONFERENCE OVERVIEW Individual presentations are identified by abstract number. The numbers are listed in proposed order of presentation. The letters A, B, and C indicate rooms. Each presentation will last 20 minutes with 5 minutes for questions. FRIDAY, April 12 A B C 2:30-3:45 LINGUISTIC HISTORICAL ENGLISH IN HIGHER LANDSCAPES PERSPECTIVES EDUCATION 14, 90, 86 38, 21, 27 22, 77, 6 4:00-5:40 DIGITAL DISCOURSE MORPPHOLOGY AND WRITING IN ENGLISH 9, 37, 18, 64 SYNTAX 30, 29, 31, 49, 69, 56, 33, 34 6:00-7:00 PLENARY - Luis H. Francia: Philippine English: burden or benediction? 7:00-8:30 RECEPTION SATURDAY, April 13 A B C 8:30-9:45 ROLE OF ENGLISH IN ENGLISH IN LINGUISTIC TEACHER TRAINING FOR A IDENTITY HYBRIDIZATION GLOBAL WORLD CONSTRUCTION 63, 36, 53 74, 4, 5 82, 40,,66 10:00- ATTITUDES TOWARDS SEMANTICS AND VOICE AND IDENTITY IN 11:15 ENGLISH PRAGMATICS THE ENGLISH CLASSROOM 68, 57, 51 91,16, 35 26, 61 (panel with two papers) 11:30- PLENARY 12:30 Janina Brutt-Griffler: Encounters with English: present-day English in a multilingual world. -
17 World Englishes and Their Dialect Roots
Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2020 World Englishes and their dialect roots Schreier, Daniel Abstract: This chapter investigates the persistence and development of so-called dialect roots, that is, features of local forms of British English that are transplanted to overseas territories. It discusses dialect input and the survival of features, independent developments within overseas communities, including realignments of features in the dialect inputs, as well as contact phenomena when English speakers interact with those of other dialects and languages. The diagnostic value of these roots is exemplified with selected cases from around the world (Newfoundland English, Liberian English, Caribbean Englishes), which are assessed with reference to the archaic/dynamic character of individual features in new-dialect formation and language-contact scenarios. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108349406.017 Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-198161 Book Section Published Version The following work is licensed under a Publisher License. Originally published at: Schreier, Daniel (2020). World Englishes and their dialect roots. In: Schreier, Daniel; Hundt, Marianne; Schneider, Edgar W. The Cambridge Handbook of World Englishes. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 384-407. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108349406.017 17 World Englishes and Their Dialect Roots Daniel Schreier World Englishes developed out of English dialects spoken throughout the British Isles. These were transported all over the globe by speakers from different regions, social classes, and educational backgrounds, who migrated with distinct trajectories, for various periods of time and in distinct chronolo- gical phases (Hickey, Chapter 2, this volume; Britain, Chapter 7,thisvolume). -
'Official Language': the Case of Lingala by WILLIAM J
'Official Language': the Case of Lingala by WILLIAM J. SAMARIN, Toronto (Canada) 1. Introduction 2. Origins 3. Vernaculars 4. Protestant Councils 5. Governmental Impetus 6. Linguistic Work 7. Linguistic Divergence 8. Other Factors 9. References Cited 1. Introduction The history of Lingala, one of the dominant lingua francas of Zaire, illustrates the way a number of different forces interact in the life of a language in a modern political state. Although its history parallels in some ways that of other national languages of the world, it stands apart in one important respect. This is best stated in the negative: It does not owe its existence to a particular natural speech community whose language was adopted by others as a second language. If this had been the case, its history would parallel in at least one respect, for example, that of Hindi. What assigns Lingala to a different type of language is that its speakers came into existence at the same time that it became a linguistic reality. The language and the speech community evolved together. In this respect Lingala's history is similar to that of some other new languages in the era of colonialism — those that emerged as pidgins, e. g. Sango in the Central African Republic and Tok Pisin in Papua New Guinea. The fact that Lingala arose in a colonial context is of capital importance, and no full account of its history is adequate unless it looks at all the facets of colonization. Such a history will describe what whites, along with their African auxiliaries, were doing and also how the indigenous peoples responded to the presence and activities of these foreigners. -
Corpus of Zimbabwean English at the University of Zimbabwe Computer Centre
The African e-Journals Project has digitized full text of articles of eleven social science and humanities journals. This item is from the digital archive maintained by Michigan State University Library. Find more at: http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/africanjournals/ Available through a partnership with Scroll down to read the article. Zambezia (1993), XX (H). RESEARCH REPORT CORPUS OF ZIMBABWEAN ENGLISH AT THE UNIVERSITY OF ZIMBABWE COMPUTER CENTRE W. E. LOUW Department of English, University of Zimbabwe and JOSEPHINE JORDAN Department of Psychology, University of Zimbabwe Abstract A corpus of Zimbabwean English comprising Dawson's Structures and Skills in English and Grant et al, English for Zimbabwe: an English course for secondary schools is available on computer tapes at the University of Zimbabwe Computer Centre. Also on tape is the dictionary hie which lists in alphabetical order all the words contained in the books, together with a frequency Hie, which lists the words in order of use. The corpus provides a readily accessible source of lexical items encountered in Zimbabwe secondary schools and demonstrates the employment of these lexical items in grammatical structure and idiom. BETWEEN OCTOBER 1987 and December 1993 a partial corpus of Zimbabwean English was captured and installed at the University of Zimbabwe Computer Centre. The corpus contains two sets of secondary school English Language textbooks, each comprising four volumes. The series are Dawson, Structures and Skills in English and Grant et al., English for Zimbabwe. The corpus is housed on a 2 400 foot magnetic tape which occupies 3,5 megabytes when fully loaded and has 592 994 words (tokens) of running text. -
Central Africa, 2021 Region of Africa
Quickworld Entity Report Central Africa, 2021 Region of Africa Quickworld Factoid Name : Central Africa Status : Region of Africa Land Area : 7,215,000 sq km - 2,786,000 sq mi Political Entities Sovereign Countries (19) Angola Burundi Cameroon Central African Republic Chad Congo (DR) Congo (Republic) Equatorial Guinea Gabon Libya Malawi Niger Nigeria Rwanda South Sudan Sudan Tanzania Uganda Zambia International Organizations Worldwide Organizations (3) Commonwealth of Nations La Francophonie United Nations Organization Continental Organizations (1) African Union Conflicts and Disputes Internal Conflicts and Secessions (1) Lybian Civil War Territorial Disputes (1) Sudan-South Sudan Border Disputes Languages Language Families (9) Bihari languages Central Sudanic languages Chadic languages English-based creoles and pidgins French-based creoles and pidgins Manobo languages Portuguese-based creoles and pidgins Prakrit languages Songhai languages © 2019 Quickworld Inc. Page 1 of 7 Quickworld Inc assumes no responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions in the content of this document. The information contained in this document is provided on an "as is" basis with no guarantees of completeness, accuracy, usefulness or timeliness. Quickworld Entity Report Central Africa, 2021 Region of Africa Languages (485) Abar Acoli Adhola Aghem Ajumbu Aka Aka Akoose Akum Akwa Alur Amba language Ambele Amdang Áncá Assangori Atong language Awing Baali Babango Babanki Bada Bafaw-Balong Bafia Bakaka Bakoko Bakole Bala Balo Baloi Bambili-Bambui Bamukumbit -
Folklife Festival Tjgjtm Smithsms Folklife Festival
Smithsonian Folklife Festival tjgJtm SmithsMS Folklife Festival On the National Mall Washington, D.C. June 24-28 & July 1-5 Cosponsored by the National Park Service 19 98 SMITHSONIAN ^ On the Cover General Festival LEFT Hardanger fiddle made by Ron Poast of Black Information 101 Earth, Wisconsin. Photo © Jim Wildeman Services & Hours BELOW, LEFT Participants Amber, Baltic Gold. Photo by Antanas Sutl(us Daily Schedules BELOW, CENTER Pmi lace Contributors & Sponsors from the Philippines. Staff Photo by Ernesto Caballero, courtesy Cultural Special Concerts & Events Center of the Philippines Educational Offerings BELOW, RIGHT Friends of the Festival Dried peppers from the Snnithsonian Folkways Recordings Rio Grande/ Rio Bravo Basin. Photo by Kenn Shrader Contents ^ I.Michael Heyman 2 Inside Front Cover The festival: On the Mall and Back Home Bruce Babbitt Cebu Islanders process as part of the Santo Nino (Holy 3 Child) celebrations in Manila, the Philippines, in 1997. Celebrating Our Cultural Heritage Photo by Richard Kennedy Diana Parker 4 Table of Contents Image Jhe festival As Community .^^hb The Petroglyph National Monument, on the outskirts Richard Kurin 5 ofAlbuquerque, New Mexico, is a culturally significant Jhe festival and folkways — space for many and a sacred site for Pueblo peoples. Ralph Rinzler's Living Cultural Archives Photo by Charlie Weber Jffc Site Map on the Back Cover i FOLKLIFE FESTIVAL Wisconsin Pahiyas: The Rio Grande/ Richard March 10 A Philippine Harvest Rio Bravo Basin Wisconsin Folldife Marian Pastor Roces 38 Lucy Bates, Olivia Cadaval, 79 Robert T.Teske 14 Rethinking Categories: Heidi McKinnon, Diana Robertson, Cheeseheads, Tailgating, and the The Making of the ?di\\\yas and Cynthia Vidaurri Lambeau Leap: Tiie Green Bay Packers Culture and Environment in the Rio Richard Kennedy 41 and Wisconsin Folldife Grande/Rio Bravo Basin: A Preview Rethinking the Philippine Exhibit GinaGrumke 17 at the 1904 St.