HISTORIA NATURALIS BULGARICA

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The Dipterans (Insecta: Diptera) of the Vitosha Mountain by Zdravko Hubenov

National Museum of Natural History — Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Sofia, Bulgaria Published online 17 May 2018 by:

National Museum of Natural History Bulgarian Academy of Sciences 1 Tsar Osvoboditel Blvd 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria http://www.nmnhs.com/historia-naturalis-bulgarica/

ISSN 0205-3640 (print) ISSN 2603-3186 (online) Historia naturalis bulgarica 26: 1–66 ISSN 0205-3640 (print) | ISSN 2603-3186 (online) • http://www.nmnhs.com/historia-naturalis-bulgarica/ publication date [online]: 17 May 2018

The Dipterans (Insecta: Diptera) of the Vitosha Mountain

Zdravko Hubenov

Abstract. A total of 1272 two-winged species that belong to 58 families has been reported from theVitosha Mt. The Tachinidae (208 species or 16.3%) and Cecidomyiidae (138 species or 10.8%) are the most numerous. The greatest number of species has been found in the mesophylic and xeromesophylic mixed forests belt (707 species or 55.6%) and in the northern part of the mountain (645 species or 50.7%). The established species belong to 83 areographical categories. The dipterous fauna can be divided into two main groups: 1) species with Mediterranean type of distribution (53 species or 4.2%) – more thermophilic and distributed mainly in the southern parts of the Palaearctic; seven species of southern type, distributed in the Palaearctic and beyond it, can be formally related to this group as well; 2) species with Palaearctic and Eurosiberian type of distribution (1219 species or 95.8%) – more cold-resistant and widely distributed in the Palaearctic; 247 species of northern type, distributed in the Palaearctic and beyond it, can be formally related to this group as well. The endemic species are 15 (1.2%). The distribution of the species according to the zoogeographical categories in the vegetation belts and the distribution of the zoogeographical categories in each belt are considered. The dipteran fauna of the Vitosha Mt. is compared to this of the Rila and Pirin Mountains.

Key words: Diptera, Bulgaria, Vitosha Mt., faunistic composition, zoogeographical characteristics

Introduction The accumulated knowledge of the ani- plied entomological works as well, were published mal world and the large number of studies on the (Mannheims 1954; Buresch & Lazarov 1956; Drensky Vitosha Mt. are related to the proximity of the capital 1957, 1958; Moucha & Chvala 1961; Naidenov 1962; of Sofia, the largest and old natural science centers Bankowska 1964, 1967a, 1967b; Hradsky & Moucha in the country, the good attendance by foreign and 1964, 1967; Lavčiev 1964a, 1964b, 1965a, 1965b, Bulgarian zoologists and its popularity as a tourist 1966, 2003; Lavčiev & Nestorova 1967; Beshovski site. The long-standing research on the fauna of the 1977a, 1978, 1982, 1984, 1985, 1994, 1995, 1998a, mountain and its surroundings allows Vitosha Mt. to 1898b, 2001, 2004a, 2008, 2009, 2012, 2013a, 2013b; be considered the best-studied Bulgarian mountain. Chvála 1977, 1983; Hubenov 1977, 1980, 1982, The studies on Diptera of the Vitosha Mt. be- 1983, 1990; Lavchiev et al., 1977; Lehrer 1977; gan 112 years ago. The first data were reported Beiger 1979; Trenchev 1980a, 1980b, 1980c, 1980d; by Kovachev (1905), Nedelkov (1910, 1912) and Krzeminski 1984; Mendl 1986; Dimitrova 1987, Vimmer (1916). Between the two world wars the 1990, 1992; Krzeminski & Stary 1989; Michailova works of Komarek & Vimmer (1921, 1922, 1934), 1989; Ziegler 1989; Beshovski & Dimitrova 1990; Enderlein (1924, 1936), Konsuloff & Paspalev Povolný & Verves 1990; Bheschovski & Minkova (1925), Tschorbadjiew (1925, 1933), Drensky (1929, 1991; Božkov 1991; Skuhrava et al. 1991; Mamaev 1931, 1934, 1939a, 1939b, 1943), Szilady (1934), & Dimitrova 1992, 1998; Mohrig Dimitrova 1992, Zilahi (1934), Dimitrov (1935), Jacentkovsky (1936, 1993; Mohrig et al. 1992; Dimitrova & Mamaev 1993; 1937, 1939), Drenowsky (1937, 1939) and Buhr Dimitrova & Mohrig 1993; Stary & Krzeminski 1993; (1941) were published. After the World War II, Beshovski et al. 1995; Dzhambazov 1995; Beschovski the first work about Vitosha Mt., was published by & Manassieva 1995; Beshovski & Langourov Buresch (1953). Then significant number of articles 1997; Hollmann-Schirrmacher 1998; Beshovski related to dipterans of the Vitosha Mt., including ap- & Zatwarnicki 2000, 2001a, 2001b, 2002, 2004; 2 Zdravko Hubenov

Černý & Merz 2006; Langourov 2009; Bechev 2010; between the horizontals 800-850 m a.s.l., runs Zaemdzhikova 2012, 2015; Doychev et al. 2016; Zielke west from the villages of Kladnitsa, Rudartsi 2016). Hydrobiological (Valkanov 1941; Arndt 1943; and Marchaevo and through the Vladaya Col Russev 1961; Dimitrov 1963; Kovachev 1973, 1976, (860 m a.s.l.) reaches the Vladaya River near 1990) and biospeleological (Hazelton 1970; Beron the Vladaya Village (Georgiev & Ugarov 1958, 1994, 2006, 2015; Langourov 2001b; Langourov et al. Yordanov 1977, Chucheva et al. 1983, Yosifov 2014) studies have a faunistic contribution. 1983, Kovachki & Petrushev 2007, Nikolov et al. Some of the faunistic data are reports that are 2013, Stoyanov 2014). The distance between the not related to Vitosha Mt. and concern separated most northern and the most southern points of groups of dipterans. The previous Vitosha Nature the Vitosha Mt. is 23 km, and between the most Park management plan (2005-2014) includes 13 western and the most eastern points – 19 km. species of rare dipterans. In the current management The average altitude of the mountain is 1500 m plan (2014-2024), Diptera is not considered. There a.s.l., the lowest parts are above the Knyazhevo are more systematic studies on the families of and Boyana neighborhoods (about 800 m a.s.l.), Sciaridae, Simuliidae, Syrphidae, Chloropidae, and the highest parts – at Cherni Vrah Peak Muscidae and Tachinidae. The most complete are (2290 m a.s.l.). The total area of the Vitosha Mt. the studies on Cecidomyiidae (Dimitrova 1989) and is 278 km2 – 0.25% of the Bulgarian territory Phoridae (Langurov 2001a), which are dissertation (Mishev 1969, Minchev et al., 1980, Nikolov et works. Review papers on the dipteran fauna of the al. 2013). Vitosha Mt. are lacking. Vitosha Mt. is divided into four parts: The aim of the work is to present the fauna, North (Kamendelski) – between the valleys distribution, distribution according to the vegeta- of the Vladayska and Dalboka Rivers; East tion belts, zoogeography and study on Diptera of the (Kupenski) – between the Dalboka and Kurtova Vitosha Mt. Rivers; South (Vetrensko-Bosneshki) – be- tween the Kurtova and Matnitsa Rivers; North- Materials and Methods west (Selimishki) – between the Matnitsa and Vladayska Rivers (Georgiev & Ugarov Vitosha Mt. is situated in the South-West 1958; Georgiev 1960, 1965; Filizov et al. 1969; Bulgaria and belongs to the Plana-Zavalska Boyadzhiev 1971; Yosifov 1983; Kovachki & Mountain range of the Kraishte-Srednogorie Petrushev 2009; Nikolov et al. 2013; Stoyanov District (Ivanov 1966, Vulkov et al. 1986, 2014). Vitosha Mt. represents a silicate massif Kovachki & Petrushev 2007, Nikolov et al. 2013, consisting essentially of syenites. In the Bosnek Stoyanov 2014). It is surrounded by the Sofia (550 section of the southern part (composed of car- m a.s.l.), Pernik (750 m a.s.l.) and Samokov (950 bonate rocks) karst forms are developed. The m a.s.l.) Basins and the Lozenska, Plana, Verila, mountain belongs to the European Continental Golo Bardo and Lyulin Mountains. To the north climatic region and the territory over 1000 m and north-east the border of the Vitosha Mt. runs a.s.l. is included in the Mountain climatic region. along the Vladayska River, the horizontals of 800 According to the climatic vertical gradient three m a.s.l. above Knyazhevo and Boyana and 900- climatic zones are outlined (Sabev & Stanev 1959; 950 m a.s.l. above Dragalevtsi and Simeonovo, Hristov 1959; Tichkov 1976, 1982; Stanev 1991; crossing the Bistritsa Village. To the east and Stoyanov 2014). Vitosha Mt. has significant water south-east it follows the 1050 m a.s.l. horizon- resources – springs, fens, streams and rivers. The tal, passes over the Zheleznitsa Village, through mountain belongs to the Illyrian Province of the the Egulo-Palakariya Col (1195 m a.s.l.) and European deciduous forest area. The vegetation along the 1100 m a.s.l. horizontal reaches above is differentiated in a system of four vegetation Yarlovo Village. To the south and south-west zones (Bondev et al. 1973; Bondev 1982, 1991, the border runs south of the Boga Glava Peak, 1997, 2002; Velchev et al. 1982, 1989; Velchev through the Buko-Preslap Col (1090 m a.s.l.), 1997, 2002; Gachev 2014): 1) Xeromesophylic follows the Dobri Dol River, the Klisurata River, and mesophylic mixed (oak-hornbeam) for- crosses the Bosnek Col (935 m a.s.l.), reaches ests (it is lacking in the eastern part) – up to the Struma River near the Bosnek Village and 1100-1400 m a.s.l. (average 1270 m a.s.l.); 2) continues to the Studena Reservoir. To the west Beech forests – up to 1400-1840 m a.s.l. (aver- and north-west it crosses the Matnitsa River age 1650 m a.s.l.); 3) Coniferous forests (it is The Dipterans (Insecta: Diptera) of the Vitosha Mountain 3 lacking in the southern part) – up to 1700-2050 and Vigna Taglianti et al. (1999)1. The areo- m a.s.l. (average to 1870 m a.s.l.); 4) Subalpine graphical categorisation of the species is based vegetation – above the upper boundary of the on the available literature and recent electronic forest (above 1900 m a.s.l.). Under the human issues. Zoogeographical analysis for the species impact the natural boundaries between these categorisation was used. This method allows belts are destroyed. Vitosha Mt. belongs to the obtaining data information about species com- Rila-Rhodope Zoogeographical Region and has plexes with different zoogeographical character an Eurosiberian faunistic character (Georgiev based on the published data regarding species 1982, 2002). The mountain is rich in endemics distribution and results of the faunistic research. (148), relicts (85) and rare species (351) and These complexes contain zoogeographical includes about 28% of the known Bulgarian information about the taxonomic groups terrestrial species (Hubenov 2008, 2014). which, combined with the origin of the ranges, The territory of the Vitosha Nature Park in- determines the zoogeographical character of the cludes 270.79 km2 with the reserves Bistrishko fauna. The distribution of the species according Branishte (10.61 km2) and Torfeno Branishte to the zoogeographical categories in the dif- (7.83 km2). The mountain is a part of the ferent vegetation belts and the distribution of European ecological network Natura 2000 – the zoogeographical categories in each belt are Vitosha protected area, where 32 types of natural scrutinised (Table 4). The dipteran fauna is habitats are protected (Gussev et al. 2005). The compared to that of the Pirin and Rila Mountains protected areas cover 97% of the total area of the (Tables 2, 4). mountain. Abbreviations used: ● – presence of the species in the corresponding vegetation belt, ♦ – presence of the species in the The material from the Vitosha Mt. has been corresponding part of the Vitosha Mt., ? – uncertain data or lack of collected after 1890 and is collected from 256 lo- data, +++ – species, reported for the first time and localities, from calities (Table 1). The main part of it is stored in which species are reported for the first time, am – Arctomontane, the National Museum of Natural History and the atm – Afrotropical-Mediterranean, ba – Boreoalpine, ban – Balkan-Anatolian, bm – Boreomontane, cee – Central and East Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research European, cse – Central and South European, csean – Central (the former Institute of Zoology). All species, and South European-Anatolian, csee – Central and South-east reported from Vitosha Mt., are included. Some European, cseean – Central and South-east European-Anatolian, collectors did not give accurate localities and cseeit – Central and South-east European-Iran-Тuranian, cseel – Central and South-east European-Lebanonian, cseit – Central indicated only the Vitosha Mt. (for 366 species, and South European-Iran-Тuranian, csena – Central and of which 236 are single reports). In some hyd- South European-North African, des – Disjunct Eurosiberian, robiological works (Kovachev 1990) the locali- dp – Disjunct Palaearctic, dpo – Disjunct Palaearctic-Oriental, ties are presented too generalized (for the whole e – European, ean – European-Anatolian, eanit – European- mountain). For a number of widespread and Anatolian-Iran-Тuranian, eanna – European-Anatolian-North African, Eb – Balkan endemic, Ebg – Bulgarian endemic, Ebs numerous species the authors did not give the – Balkan subendemic, eca – European-Central Asian, ee – East localities and mentioned they occur everywhere. European, eeca – East European-Central Asian, eit – European- Such species are included in the review only Iran-Тuranian, em – East Mediterranean, ena – European- if they are reported from the Vitosha Mt. A North African, Er – Regional endemic, esanca – Eurosiberian- Anatolian-Central Asian, esca – Eurosiberian-Central Asian, ess number of foreign entomologists have published – European and South Siberian, eswa – European-South-west materials from Bulgaria, containing data about Asian, et – European-Turanian, ewca – European-West Central Vitosha Mt. Asian, h – Holarctic, h* – species introduced in North America, For each species are given: a recent sci- ha – Holarctic-Australian, hat – Holarctic-Afrotropical, hata – Holarctic-Afrotropical-Australian, hn – Holarctic-Neotropical, entific name, distribution on the territory of hna – Holarctic-Neotropical-Australian, hnat – Holarctic- the Vitosha Mt., altitude at which it is estab- Neotropical-Afrotropical, hno – Holarctic-Neotropical- lished, the vegetation belts it inhabits parts of Oriental, ho – Holarctic-Oriental, hoa – Holarctic-Oriental- the mountain in which it is found, areographi- Australian, hoes – Holoeurosiberian, hom – Holomediterranean, hop – Holopalaearctic, hpt – Holarctic-Paleotropical, hpta cal characteristics and references (Table 3). – Holarctic-Paleotropical-Australian, hptn – Holarctic- To compare the fauna in the different parts of Paleotropical-Neotropical, i – introduced species (immigrants), the mountain, Czekanowski-Dice-Sörensen coefficient of similarity was used. The clas- 1 The inversion of the nomenclature of the ranges and the border sification of the areas is based on the works of between the West and East Palaearctic along the Ural Mts. of Vigna Taglianti et al. (1999) was not followed. The traditional Kryzhanovsky (1965, 1976, 2002), de Lattin nomenclature and the border between the West and East (1967), Malicky et al. (1983), Gorodkov (1984) Palaearctic along the Yenisey River was used. 4 Zdravko Hubenov k – Cosmopolitan, m – montane, mca – Mediterranean- even study of the territory of the mountain. This can Central Asian, mit – Mediterranean-Iran-Тuranian, mm – be accepted for the families of Cecidomyiidae and montane-Mediterranean, mss – Mediterranean and South Siberian, msws – Mediterranean and South-west Siberian, mt – Phoridae which have been a subject of dissertation Mediterranean-Turanian, mwca – Mediterranean-West Central works. For the remaining families the taxa distribu- Asian, nemit – North-east Mediterranean-Iran-Тuranian, nm tion is connected with the extent to which the corre- – North Mediterranean, nmca – North Мediterranean-Central sponding mountain region has been studied and has Asian, nmt – North Мediterranean-Тuranian, om – Oriental- Mediterranean, pa – Palaearctic-Australian, pat – Palaearctic- no systematic character. This is evident when com- Afrotropical, pata – Palaearctic-Afrotropical-Australian, po – paring the established species with regard to locali- Palaearctic-Oriental, poa – Palaearctic-Oriental-Australian, ppt ties (Table 1). Four areas of detailed research (over 70 – Palaearctic-Paleotropical, ppta – Palaearctic-Paleotropical- species found) are outlined. First are the surround- Australian, ptm – Paleotropical-Mediterranean, se – South European, see – South-east European, seean –South-east ings of Knyazhevo (81 species) and Dragalevtsi European-Anatolian, seena – South-east European-North (75 species) – the most visited places in the moun- African, sena – South European-North African, sess – South tain. The large number of species known from the European and South Siberian, sk – Semicosmopolitan, sp region of Bosnek Village (73 species) and Kirova – South Palaearctic, spat – South Palaearctic-Afrotropical, spo – South Palaearctic-Oriental, sppt – South Palaearctic- Livada Meadow (72 species) are due to the five Paleotropical, sppta – South Palaearctic-Paleotropical- better studied families (Sciaridae, Cecidomyiidae, Australian, tp – Transpalaearctic, wces – West and Central Phoridae, Chloropidae and Tachinidae). Regarding Eurosiberian, wcp – West and Central Palaearctic, wes – West the other parts of the mountain, the surroundings Eurosiberian, wesan – West Eurosiberian-Anatolian, wesanca – West Eurosiberian-Anatolian-Central Asian, wesant – West of Boyana and Simeonovo and the Vladaya, Bistritsa Eurosiberian-Anatolian-Тuranian, wesca – West Eurosiberian- and Zheleznitsa Villages (from 35 to 68 species) are Central Asian, wesit – West Eurosiberian-Iran-Тuranian, west – better studied. Of the inner parts of the mountain, West Eurosiberian-Тuranian, weswca – West Eurosiberian-West the surroundings of the Aleko Chalet, Golyamata Central Asian, wp – West Palaearctic, wpat – West Palaearctic- Afrotropical, wpn – West Palaearctic-Neotropical, wpo – West Gramada, Kopitoto Peak and Zlatni Mostove (from Palaearctic-Oriental. 48 to 56 species) are better studied. It is seen that the localities from which the most material is collected, Results and Discussion are concentrated around the popular starting points for entering the Vitosha Mt. (except for Bosnek A total of 1272 dipteran species belonging to Village) and the main tourist centers or routes. In 58 families has been established in the Vitosha Mt. contrast to the Rila and Pirin Mountains, where so far (Tables 2 and 3). The family Tachinidae is significant areas have not been studied (Hubenov the most numerous with 208 species, followed by 2015b, 2016), there are no unexplored territories in Cecidomyiidae – 138, Syrphidae – 130, Chloropidae the Vitosha Mt., from which a material (even single – 79 and Muscidae – 53. The remaining families specimens) has not been collected. contain from 1 to 50 species. The number of species The different parts of the mountain are found in the Vitosha Mt. represents 31.8% of the differently studied (Table 2). The Kamen Del known Diptera from Bulgaria (about 4000 species) part (645 species or 50.8%) and Kupenski part and includes 55-65% of the real species composition (500 species or 39.3%) are the best studied. of the mountain. The dipterans are a highly mobile These parts (the north and east ones) are the group and after further exploration of the Vitosha most visited. The lowest number of species Mt., about 2400 species are expected to be found (with the exception of the families Limoniidae, or 60% of the species composition of most families Cecidomyiidae, Empididae, Chloropidae and found in the country. Of the 63 families known from Ephydridae) is found in the Selimitsa part (184 the Rila and Pirin Mountains in total, 18 families species or 14.5%). Most families are not report- have not been established in the Vitosha Mt. (Table ed from this (north-western) part. In the well- 2). At the same time, 13 of the families found in the studied families, the differences in the species Vitosha Mt., have not been established in the Rila composition of the parts are not big. The Vetren- or Pirin Mountains. A total of 76 families has been Bosnek (southern) part of the Vitosha Mt. is the established in the three mountains [70.4% of the most poorly studied (296 species or 23.3%). families of the order of Diptera (108 families) known It occupies the largest part of the mountain, from Bulgaria] and 1986 species were common. includes the Bosnek karst area and most habitats. The large number of localities (256) compared The visits in this part are located mainly around to Rila (160) and Pirin (77) Mountains and the smaller the villages of Bosnek and Chuypetlovo. Further area of the Vitosha Mt. gives the impression of an investigations of the Vitosha Mt. could lead to The Dipterans (Insecta: Diptera) of the Vitosha Mountain 5

Table 1. Localities of Diptera from the Vitosha Mt.

Number Localities Altitude (m) GPS Navigation (°N, °E) UTM Kode of species 1. Akademik Cave (near Bosnek Village) 954 42°29’33.94”; 23°11’16.35” FN70 5 2. Akademik Chalet (below the chalet) 1550 42°32’45.80”; 23°19’52.83” FN91 11 3. Akademik Chalet (below the chalet) 1650 42°32’45.03”; 23°19’34.06” FN81, FN91 6 4. Akademik (Fizkulturnik) Chalet 1830-1847 42°32’52.26”; 23°19’07.64” FN81 19 5. Akademik Chelter 2240 42°33’25.18”; 23°17’10.85” FN81 2 6. Aleko Chalet, surroundings 1810-1840 42°34’56.66”; 23°17’31.91” FN81 48 7. Aleko Chalet (above the chalet) 1900 42°34’55.12”; 23°17’14.59” FN81 54 8. Aleko Chalet (above the chalet) 2000 42°34’40.17”; 23°17’19.78” FN81 4 9. At the foot of Vitosha Mt. 600-1000 FN82, FN91 12 10. Bay Krastyo area (above the area) 1600 42°36’11.68”; 23°17’53.49” FN81 11 11. Bankov Rid Peak (below the peak) 1100 42°32’46.38”; 23°11’17.63” FN81 3 12. Bankov Rid Peak (below the peak) 1160 42°32’49.75”; 23°11’40.37” FN81 3 13. Bankov (Baykov) Rid Peak, surroundings 1183 42°32’44.14”; 23°11’37.99” FN81 2 14. Belcheva Skala Peak 1833 42°31’40.59”; 23°18’54.24” FN91 5 15. Belite Brezi Chalet 1330 42°37’06.50”; 23°13’39.80” FN81 20 16. Bistrishka Reka River 750-2000 FN81, FN91 7 17. Bistrishko Branishte Reserve (near 1400 42°35’02.68”; 23°18’46.43” FN81, FN91 10 Bistrishka Reka River) 18. Bistrishko Branishte Reserve 1300-2277 FN81, FN91 9 19. Bistrishko Branishte Reserve 1400-1550 42°34’44.90”; 23°19’01.30” FN81 8 20. Bistritsa Village 950-980 42°34’51.74”; 23°20’57.48” FN91 55 21. Bistritsa Village 1000 42°35’16.94”; 23°20’54.66” FN91 68 22. Bistritsa Village (near Selskata River) 1070 42°34’31.23”; 23°20’28.73” FN91 9 23. Bistritsa Village (above the village) 1080 42°35’11.75”; 23°20’14.04” FN91 7 24. Bistritsa Village (above the village) 1200 42°34’19.75”; 23°19’56.62” FN91 22 25. Bistritsa Village (above the village) 1270 42°34’54.99”; 23°20’06.13” FN91 51 26. Bistritsa Village (above the village near 1270 42°34’12.81”; 23°19’38.93” FN91 8 Bistrishka Reka River) 27. Bistritsa Village (above the village, 1270-1400 42°34’46.58”; 23°19’43.10” FN81, FN91 5 Bistrishko Branishte Reserve) 28. Bistritsa Village – Zheleznitsa Village 1100-1200 FN91 23 29. Bor Chalet, surroundings 1600 42°37’05.16”; 23°15’24.32” FN81 4 30. Borova Gora Chalet (Gorski Dom) 1700 42°36’05.78”; 23°15’09.10” FN81 6 31. Bosnek Village (near Struma River) 920 42°29’45.26”; 23°10’18.50” FN70 7 32. Bosnek Village 940 42°29’33.73”; 23°10’56.55” FN70 73 33. Bosnek Village 950 42°29’43.25”; 23°11’05.10” FN70 26 34. Bosnek Village (above the village) 1200 42°29’11.49”; 23°12’33.78” FN80 5 35. Bosnek Village – Chuypetlovo Village 1120 42°29’58.44”; 23°14’08.91” FN80 15 36. Bosochka (Bohotska) Reka River (near 1300 42°32’56.89”; 23°13’23.57” FN81 1 Kladnitsa Village) 37. Bosochka (Bohotska) Reka River 1650 42°33’38.17”; 23°14’04.38” FN81 7 38. Boyana (? Boyanska Reka River) 700-1500 FN82 3 39. Boyana 750 42°38’43.46”; 23°16’03.71” FN82 27 40. Boyana 770 42°38’44.21”; 23°15’49.57” FN82 11 41. Boyana, surroundings 780-1000 42°38’23.61”; 23°16’00.28” FN82 52 42. Boyana (above Boyana) 800-850 42°38’32.68”; 23°15’50.41” FN82 40 43. Boyana (near Boyana) 850-870 42°38’29.23”; 23°15’57.22” FN82 7 6 Zdravko Hubenov

Table 1. Continued.

Number Localities Altitude (m) GPS Navigation (°N, °E) UTM Kode of species 44. Boyana (above Boyana) 1040 42°38’15.28”; 23°15’55.96” FN82 3 45. Boyana (above Boyana) 1080 42°38’01.68”; 23°15’27.03” FN82 2 46. Boyana (above Boyana) 1080-1470 FN82 1 47. Boyana Church 770 42°38’37.43”; 23°15’58.98” FN82 9 48. Boyana Marsh (Boyansko Blatro Marsh) 680 42°39’21.97”; 23°15’30.70” FN82 14 49. Boyana Waterfall (below the waterfall) 1000 42°38’09.15”; 23°15’32.43” FN82 6 50. Boyana Waterfall (Boyanski Vodopad) 1350 42°37’44.92”; 23°15’11.91” FN82 18 51. Boyanska Reka River 750-2100 FN81, FN82 1 52. Boyanski Kamak (cave above Boyanski 847 42°38’30.44”; 23°15’59.08” FN82 1 Kamak near Boyana) 53. Boyansko Ezero Lake (below the lake) 900 42°38’26.21”; 23°16’09.80” FN82 2 54. Boyansko Ezero Lake, surroundings 1000-1200 42°38’09.32”; 23°16’09.92” FN82 18 55. Boyansko Ezero Lake (above the lake) 1260 42°37’48.88”; 23°16’13.70” FN82 11 56. Brezite area (near Brezovishki Dol River) 1000 42°31’12.54”; 23°22’48.86” FN91 8 57. Brezite area (below the area) 1100 42°31’35.22”; 23°22’04.53” FN91 10 58. Bukara area (above Kopitoto Peak) 1420-1450 42°37’45.48”; 23°14’40.74” FN82 5 59. Bukite Peak (southwest of Zheleznitsa) 1200 42°31’38.49”; 23°21’20.83” FN91 7 60. Byala Voda area (near Yarema) 1130 42°28’46.27”; 23°18’51.52” FN90 5 61. Byalata Voda, surroundings (above 960-1000 42°38’32.67”; 23°13’57.31” FN82 11 Knyazhevo) 62. Chernata Skala Peak (below the peak) 1850 42°36’18.43”; 23°15’33.95” FN82 4 63. Cherni Vrah Peak (below the peak, to the 2150 42°33’27.84”; 23°16’34.62” FN81 10 south) 64. Cherni Vrah Peak (below the peak) 2200 42°34’02.50”; 23°16’47.15” FN81 5 65. Cherni Vrah Peak, surroundings 2270-2290 42°33’48.88”; 23°16’42.61” FN81 6 66. Chernoto Plato area 2050 42°32’01.38”; 23°16’49.17” FN81 3 67. Choveshki Kosti area 1950 42°34’29.20”; 23°14’30.68” FN81 7 68. Chuypetlovo Chalet 1250 42°31’06.89”; 23°14’25.96” FN80 11 69. Chuypetlovo Village (below the village) 1160 42°30’21.73”; 23°14’29.46” FN80 9 70. Chuypetlovo Village 1200 42°30’50.30”; 23°14’27.20” FN80 20 71. Chuypetlovo Village 1300 42°31’27.44”; 23°14’53.01” FN81 14 72. Chuypetlovo Village (above the village) 1350-1400 42°31’56.47”; 23°15’12.26” FN81 12 73. Dauta Peak (below the peak) 1450 42°30’19.22”; 23°15’26.50” FN80 4 74. Dendrarium area 1150 42°37’47.55”; 23°13’01.76” FN82 7 75. Dragalevska Reka River 750-1860 FN81, FN82 3 76. Dragalevska Reka (above Dragalevtsi) 1080 42°36’57.88”; 23°17’58.60” FN81, FN82 1 77. Dragalevska Reka (below Kominite) 1393 42°36’20.80”; 23°17’33.68” FN81, FN82 2 78. Dragalevska Reka (below Kominite) 1500 42°36’10.55”; 23°17’28.94” FN81 1 79. Dragalevtsi 6 (below Dragalevtsi) 720 42°38’01.04”; 23°18’40.19” FN82 3 80. Dragalevtsi (above Dragalevtsi) 870-880 42°37’26.12”; 23°18’19.16” FN82 75 81. Dragalevtsi (above Dragalevtsi) 920 42°37’19.24”; 23°18’11.91” FN82 2 82. Dragalevtsi (above Dragalevtsi) 1000 42°37’08.44”; 23°18’11.45” FN82 9 83. Dragalevtsi (above Dragalevtsi) 1400 42°36’13.44”; 23°18’12.25” FN81, FN82 5 84. Dragalevtsi (above Dragalevtsi) 1600 42°36’03.35”; 23°17’47.62” FN81, FN82 3 85. Dragalevtsi Monastery, surroundings 1020 42°37’10.80”; 23°17’56.85” FN82 9 86. Dragalevtsi Monastery (above the 1090 42°36’59.62”; 23°17’49.92” FN82 2 monastery) The Dipterans (Insecta: Diptera) of the Vitosha Mountain 7

Table 1. Continued.

Number Localities Altitude (m) GPS Navigation (°N, °E) UTM Kode of species 87. Duhlata Cave 992 42°29’41.80”; 23°12’05.06” FN80 3 88. Duhlata Cave (near the cave) 964 42°29’31.26”; 23°11’43.55” FN80 3 89. Duhlata Cave (near the cave) 992 42°29’47.32”; 23°11’46.05” FN80 4 90. Duhlata Cave (near the cave) 1006 42°29’48.30”; 23°11’45.14” FN80 4 91. Duhlata Cave – Chuypetlovo Vilage 1120 42°29’51.80”; 23°14’01.50” FN80 5 92. Edelways Chalet 1695 42°35’17.96”; 23°13’48.57” FN81 1 93. Edelways Chalet – Konyarnika area 1820-1870 42°34’56.17”; 23°14’17.39” FN81 2 94. Elovitsa area (below the area) 1100 42°28’04.15”; 23°16’03.53” FN80 1 95. Elovitsa area 1332 42°28’47.61”; 23°15’16.27” FN80 1 96. Esperanto Chalet, surroundings (Zeleni 1260-1360 42°37’45.37”; 23°15’32.63” FN82 7 Patruli Chalet, below the chalet) 97. Fonfon Chalet, surroundings 1520 42°36’18.57”; 23°14’22.87” FN81 2 98. Fonfon Chalet – Konyarnika area 1535-1850 FN81 1 99. Goli Vrah Peak (near the peak) 1820 42°35’29.34”; 23°17’26.71” FN81 1 100. Golyam Kupen Peak 1930 42°33’02.70”; 23°16’06.50” FN91 6 101. Golyam Rezen Peak (below the peak) 2100 42°34’12.60”; 23°17’31.41” FN81 3 102. Golyam Rezen Peak (below the peak) 2220 42°34’02.03”; 23°17’25.42” FN81 2 103. Golyam Rezen Peak 2277 42°33’44.79”; 23°17’08.88” FN81 1 104. Golyamata Gramada, surroundings 1550-1620 42°33’55.19”; 23°18’28.90” FN81, FN91 7 105. Golyamata Gramada area 1550 42°33’54.30”; 23°18’46.68” FN81, FN91 50 106. Golyamata Gramada (north of the area) 1620 42°33’57.29”; 23°18’26.61” FN81 10 107. Gurgulitsa River (near Zheleznitsa 1140 42°31’09.77”; 23°21’25.74” FN91 2 Village) 108. Gyoreva Cheshma area 1750 42°36’46.16”; 23°16’07.98” FN81 6 109. Kamen Del Chalet (near the chalet) 1470 42°37’29.42”; 23°16’06.07” FN81 7 110. Kamen Del Chalet (above the chalet near 1470-1650 42°36’58.96”; 23°15’34.73” FN81 5 Tintyava Chalet) 111. Kamen Del Peak, surroundings 1840-1860 42°36’42.77”; 23°16’35.65” FN81 2 112. Kapaklivets area – in Torfeno Branishte 1860 42°35’26.58”; 23°17’12.39” FN81 2 Reserve 113. Karkama area, surroundings 1650-1700 42°34’27.57”; 23°18’34.13” FN81 13 114. Kirova (Karanova) Livada area (above 1360-1470 42°37’44.81”; 23°15’36.25” FN81, FN91 72 Boyana, near Esperanto Chalet) 115. Kladnishka River (near Studena Dam) 910 42°33’17.53”; 23°09’28.63” FN71 10 116. Kladnitsa Village (below the village) 900-950 42°33’30.70”; 23°09’36.63” FN81 22 117. Kladnitsa Village 1075 42°34’03.10”; 23°11’29.10” FN81 18 118. Kladnitsa Village (above the village) 1200 42°34’14.12”; 23°11’53.14” FN81 8 119. Kladnitsa Village (above the village) 1250 42°33’51.09”; 23°11’56.84” FN81 7 120. Kladnitsa Village (above the village) 1500 42°34’05.03”; 23°12’59.80” FN81 9 121. Knyazhevo (near Cherniya Kos) 750-800 42°38’52.12”; 23°12’44.20” FN82 16 122. Knyazhevo, surroundings 770-830 42°38’54.81”; 23°14’22.89” FN82 81 123. Knyazhevo (above Knyazhevo) 800 42°38’38.01”; 23°14’22.83” FN82 8 124. Kominite area, surroundings 1700-1800 42°36’17.44”; 23°17’04.51” FN81 8 125. Konyarnika area (below the area) 1750 42°35’32.46”; 23°14’59.82” FN81 6 126. Konyarnika area 1870 42°35’21.78”; 23°14’57.07” FN81 5 127. Konyarnika area (above the area) 1970 42°34’43.37”; 23°14’56.96” FN81 1 128. Kopitoto Peak area (above Knyazhevo) 1150 42°38’20.95”; 23°14’45.00” FN82 5 8 Zdravko Hubenov

Table 1. Continued.

Number Localities Altitude (m) GPS Navigation (°N, °E) UTM Kode of species 129. Kopitoto Peak area (above Knyazhevo) 1250 42°38’13.73”; 23°14’12.45” FN82 8 130. Kopitoto Peak area (near the area) 1300 42°38’09.63”; 23°14’54.74” FN82 10 131. Kopitoto Peak (near the peak) 1340 42°38’11.80”; 23°14’36.06” FN82 6 132. Kopitoto Peak area (east of the peak) 1350 42°38’00.07”; 23°14’52.76” FN82 50 133. Kovachevtsi Village (near the village) 1000 42°26’56.54”; 23°19’18.66” FN90 7 134. Kovachevtsi Village (above the village) 1030 42°27’28.46”; 23°19’38.92” FN90 7 135. Kumata Chalet (below the chalet) 1500 42°36’19.08”; 23°14’30.66” FN81 3 136. Kumata Chalet, surroundings 1550-1750 42°35’41.39”; 23°14’55.82” FN81 12 137. Kupena Peak (below the peak in Kazana) 1810 42°32’07.91”; 23°18’37.57” FN81 2 138. Kupena Peak (below the peak) 2000 42°32’14.63”; 23°18’17.39” FN81 3 139. Kupena Peak 2196 42°32’08.23”; 23°17’44.13” FN81 2 140. Malak Rezen Peak (east of the peak) 2000 42°34’28.82”; 23°17’34.76” FN81 4 141. Malak Rezen Peak (north of the peak) 2100 42°34’29.84”; 23°17’23.50” FN81 3 142. Malak Rezen Peak (near the peak) 2150 42°34’18.32”; 23°17’25.37” FN81 30 143. Malak Rezen Peak 2191 42°34’11.48”; 23°17’18.16” FN81 2 144. Marchaevo Village 920 42°35’53.71”; 23°10’23.17” FN71 9 145. Markov Hozh area 1500 42°34’49.48”; 23°12’20.69” FN71, FN81 3 146. Matnitsa River (near Studena Dam) 920 42°32’50.25”; 23°10’26.23” FN71 5 147. Matnitsa River (near Kladnitsa Village) 1000 42°33’15.06”; 23°11’15.42” FN71, FN81 6 148. Matnitsa River 1070-1090 42°33’16.67”; 23°11’51.72” FN71, FN81 5 149. Matnitsa River (near the springs) 1900 42°33’31.02”; 23°15’06.22” FN81 3 150. Mecha Dupka Peak 1902 42°32’49.56”; 23°15’58.75” FN81 1 151. Mecha Mogila Peak (below the peak near 1080 42°30’11.33”; 23°12’32.20” FN80 4 Struma River) 152. Mecha Polyana area (near Aleko Chalet) 1790-1810 42°34’48.96”; 23°17’54.17” FN81 9 153. Metalurg (Druzhba) Chalet 1217 42°37’05.63”; 23°13’10.65” FN81 2 154. Momina Skala area 1000 42°38’19.22”; 23°15’46.37” FN82 4 155. Momina Skala Chalet (below the chalet) 1450 42°37’34.70”; 23°15’04.28” FN81 11 156. Nakev Kamak Peak, surroundings 1500-1521 42°33’34.99”; 23°13’16.88” FN81 5 157. Nakev Kamak Peak (above the peak) 1580 42°33’44.21”; 23°13’26.67” FN81 2 158. Northern slopes FN82, FN92 1 159. Ostritsa Chalet (near the chalet) 1650 42°35’15.24”; 23°12’50.01” FN81 2 160. Ostritsa Chalet – Edelvays Chalet 1660-1820 42°34’59.81”; 23°13’26.10” FN81 1 161. Palakariya River 1090-1600 FN80 20 162. Palakariya River 1300 42°30’37.60”; 23°16’07.48” FN80 9 163. Petrov Grob area (near Goli Vrah Peak) 1850 42°35’15.55”; 23°17’14.15” FN81 8 164. Petrus Peak (below the peak) 1350 42°28’34.88”; 23°13’50.98” FN80 5 165. Pogledets area 1500 42°34’43.05”; 23°19’17.61” FN81, FN91 11 166. Pogledets Chalet (above the chalet) 1600 42°34’35.56”; 23°18’59.27” FN81, FN91 2 167. Popov Izvor spring (near Bosnek Village) 900 42°30’07.75”; 23°09’11.66” FN70 22 168. Popov Izvor Cave (near Bosnek Village) 910 42°30’08.48”; 23°09’11.01” FN70 2 169. Prisoite area (in Bistrishko Branishte 1620-1750 42°34’26.54”; 23°18’20.06” FN81 4 Reserve) 170. Ribni Dol (east of the Bosnek Village 1240 42°29’39.26”; 23°14’05.11” FN80 21 above Struma River) 171. Rudartsi Village 730-800 42°35’32.65”; 23°09’54.84” FN71 4 172. Rudartsi Village (below the village) 850 42°35’04.69”; 23°10’18.92” FN71 18 The Dipterans (Insecta: Diptera) of the Vitosha Mountain 9

Table 1. Continued.

Number Localities Altitude (m) GPS Navigation (°N, °E) UTM Kode of species 173. Rudartsi Village 870 42°35’34.11”; 23°10’03.81” FN71 4 174. Rudartsi Village 900 42°34’36.21”; 23°10’40.94” FN71 6 175. Rudnichar Chalet, surroundings 1630 42°35’18.56”; 23°12’53.21” FN71, FN81 1 176. Samara Peak 2108 42°33’48.25”; 23°15’37.86” FN81 9 177. Samara Peak (above the peak) 2150 42°33’49.48”; 23°16’11.08” FN81 2 178. Samara Chelter (near the chelter) 2000 42°34’11.52”; 23°15’27.70” FN81 5 179. Samokovishte Waterfall (Bistrishki 1245 42°34’14.42”; 23°19’47.28” FN81 6 Vodopad Waterfall) 180. Selimitsa Chalet (below the chalet) 1200 42°34’14.07”; 23°11’53.32” FN81 3 181. Selimitsa Chalet, surroundings 1300-1320 42°34’23.25”; 23°12’13.49” FN81 11 182. Selimitsa Chalet (above the chalet) 1350 42°34’18.59”; 23°12’22.39” FN81 13 183. Selimitsa Peak 2041 42°34’18.80”; 23°14’30.68” FN81 9 184. Septemvri Chalet 1495 42°37’04.34”; 23°14’40.48” FN81, FN82 1 185. Septemvri Chalet (east of the chalet) 1500 42°37’04.98”; 23°14’42.78” FN81, FN82 5 186. Shtastlivetsa Hotel (below the hotel) 1730 42°35’08.12”; 23°17’40.04” FN81 1 187. Shtastlivetsa Hotel (below the hotel) 1770 42°35’11.50”; 23°17’33.02” FN81 3 188. Shtastlivetsa Hotel 1811 42°34’59.99”; 23°17’29.29” FN81 3 189. Skoparnik Peak (below the peak) 2000 42°32’59.60”; 23°18’19.67” FN81 5 190. Skoparnik Peak (below the peak) 2200 42°32’45.10”; 23°17’56.48” FN81 2 191. Skoparnik Peak 2226 42°33’02.72”; 23°17’37.84” FN81 3 192. Simeonovo, surroundings 650-900 42°36’38.12”; 23°20’13.07” FN92 46 193. Simeonovo (above Simeonovo) 820 42°36’35.90”; 23°20’28.01” FN92 33 194. Simeonovo (near Simeonovo) 830 42°36’35.09”; 23°20’24.25” FN92 8 195. Simeonovo (near Vartopo River) 830 42°36’36.63”; 23°20’25.86” FN92 4 196. Simeonovo (above Simeonovo) 880 42°36’37.56”; 23°19’56.82” FN92 10 197. Simeonovo (above Simeonovo) 920 42°36’29.59”; 23°19’48.72” FN92 5 198. Simeonovo (above Simeonovo) 1320 42°35’45.39”; 23°19’21.27” FN81, FN92 6 199. Sredets Chalet, surroundings 1590 42°37’12.21”; 23°15’36.06” FN81, FN82 9 200. Stara Reka River 800-1350 FN81, FN92 3 201. Starcheski Polyani area 1096 42°38’17.02”; 23°13’22.56” FN82 5 202. Struma River (above the Studena Dam) 900 42°30’09.73”; 23°09’15.70” FN70 3 203. Struma River (below the Bosnek Village) 900-910 42°29’46.53”; 23°10’02.10” FN70 3 204. Struma River (Bosnek – Chuypetlovo) 1000-1200 FN80 2 205. Struma River 1350 42°31’41.74”; 23°15’05.91” FN80, FN81 7 206. Struma River 1680 42°32’28.03”; 23°16’06.71” FN81 2 207. Struma River (below the springs) 1800-2000 FN81 6 208. Struma River (springs) 2100-2200 FN81 1 209. Studena Dam (above the dam) 860-890 42°33’14.49”; 23°09’36.25” FN71 5 210. Studena Dam (above the dam) 1050 42°31’55.32”; 23°10’26.72” FN71 9 211. Suhoto Ezero Lake 2150 42°33’17.05”; 23°16’45.24” FN81 1 212. Tihiya Kat Complex, surroundings 1000-1050 42°38’19.53”; 23°13’09.05” FN82 11 213. Tihiya Kat Complex (above the 1030 42°38’30.09”; 23°13’26.95” FN82 4 complex) 214. Tintyava Chalet (below the chalet) 1600 42°37’07.87”; 23°15’30.72” FN81, FN82 6 215. Tintyava Chalet (above the chalet) 1650-1750 42°36’59.34”; 23°15’37.40” FN81 8 216. Tri Kladentsi area (near Selimitsa Peak) 2020 42°34’24.18”; 23°14’49.84” FN81 6 10 Zdravko Hubenov

Table 1. Continued.

Number Localities Altitude (m) GPS Navigation (°N, °E) UTM Kode of species 217. Tyasnata peshtera (cave near Bosnek 1100 42°31’28.88”; 23°12’14.74” FN81 1 Village, near Zhivata Voda Cave) 218. Ushite Peak 1906 42°36’25.30”; 23°16’28.04” FN81 3 219. Varla River (above the Struma River) 1600-1700 42°32’33.75”; 23°15’35.99” FN81 1 220. Varla River (near Cherni Vrah Peak) 2150 42°33’26.02”; 23°16’38.08” FN81 3 366 221. Vitosha Mt. (without exact locality) 800-2290 (236) 222. Vladaya Village (north of the village) 840 42°38’15.83”; 23°11’57.24” FN82 10 223. Vladaya Village (above the village) 890-950 42°38’03.22”; 23°12’26.00” FN72, FN82 35 224. Vladaya Village (above the village) 980 42°37’23.62”; 23°12’29.37” FN72, FN82 4 225. Vladaya Village (above the village, near 1080 42°37’08.30”; 23°12’37.17” FN82 22 Vladayska Reka River) 226. Vladaya Village (above the village) 1100-1130 42°36’59.07”; 23°12’56.64” FN82 12 227. Vladayska Reka River (near Knyazhevo) 680 42°39’23.87”; 23°13’55.06” FN82 2 228. Vladayska Reka (Vladaya – Knyazhevo) 810 42°38’22.67”; 23°12’04.27” FN82 5 229. Vladayska Reka River 850-2050 FN81, FN82 7 230. Vladayska Reka (springs) 2000-2100 42°34’17.55”; 23°16’24.73” FN81 1 231. Yanchevska Reka River 800-1900 FN81, FN91 5 232. Yarema 1080 42°28’06.47”; 23°20’12.64” FN90 13 233. Yarema (near Kurtova Reka River) 1120 42°30’33.02”; 23°21’36.51” FN90 6 234. Yarema (col, area), surroundings 1100-1200 42°30’24.54”; 23°20’35.59” FN90 21 235. Yarlovo Village (near the village) 1100 42°28’43.82”; 23°16’19.77” FN80 21 236. Yarlovo Village (above the village) 1140-1200 42°29’13.62”; 23°16’10.48” FN80 18 237. Yarlovski Kupen Peak 2173 42°32’04.71”; 23°17’35.09” FN81 3 238. Zhedna River (above Studena Dam) 1100 42°32’24.06”; 23°11’48.43” FN71, FN81 7 239. Zheleznitsa Village (above the village, 1050 42°32’02.28”; 23°21’49.94” FN91 41 near the Selskata Reka River) 240. Zheleznitsa Village (above the village) 1080 42°31’57.53”; 23°21’47.24” FN91 5 241. Zheleznitsa Village (above the village) 1100 42°32’02.26”; 23°21’41.45” FN91 12 242. Zheleznitsa Village (above the village 1150 42°32’07.26”; 23°21’12.21” FN91 34 and Selskata Reka River) 243. Zheleznitsa Village (above the village) 1200 42°31’56.14”; 23°21’18.07” FN91 40 244. Zheleznitsa Village (above the village, 1250 42°32’13.24”; 23°20’23.42” FN91 29 near the Selskata Reka River) 245. Zheleznitsa Village (above the village 1280-1300 42°32’12.85”; 23°20’08.96” FN91 11 and Selskata Reka River) 246. Zheleznitsa Village (above the village, 1300 42°32’11.71”; 23°20’09.44” FN91 18 near the Selskata Reka River) 247. Zheleznitsa Village (above the village) 1450-1550 42°32’37.89”; 23°19’52.80” FN91 8 248. Zheleznitsa Village (above the village) 1550 42°32’48.54”; 23°19’53.19” FN91 22 249. Zheleznitsa Village – Akademik Chalet 1400 42°32’29.41”; 23°20’23.33” FN91 7 (above the village) 250. Zheleznitsa Village – Akademik Chalet 1500 42°32’36.06”; 23°20’01.18” FN91 2 251. Zhivata Voda Cave (near the cave) 1118 42°31’28.88”; 23°12’14.74” FN81 9 252. Zlatni Mostove (below Zlatni Mostove) 1100 42°37’05.04”; 23°12’43.55” FN82 7 253. Zlatni Mostove (below Zlatni Mostove) 1300-1350 42°36’42.81”; 23°14’01.98” FN81 20 254. Zlatni Mostove, surroundings 1400-1420 42°36’35.22”; 23°14’20.09” FN81 56 255. Zlatni Mostove (above Zlatni Mostove) 1430 42°36’32.58”; 23°14’23.88” FN81 16 256. Zlatni Mostove (above Zlatni Mostove) 1500 42°36’19.99”; 23°14’33.60” FN81 7 The Dipterans (Insecta: Diptera) of the Vitosha Mountain 11

Table 2. Diptera (Insecta) of the Vitosha, Rila and Pirin mountains Note. Species which have not exact localities (only Vitosha is given) are not included in the distribution according to the vegetation belts and parts. They are presented only in the total number of the Vitosha Mt.

Species of the Vitosha Mt. Species of Species of the Total the Vegetation belts Parts of Vitosha Mt. Rila Mts. number Pirin Mts.

Families % % % Beech Mixed Eastern Number Number Number Southern Northern Subalpine Coniferous Northwestern

Nematocera 175 168 72 27 181 128 43 70 317 24.84 294 29.31 200 26.35 Tipulidae 10 10 2 12 0.94 9 0.90 Limoniidae 17 16 16 1 31 20 18 52 4.09 62 6.18 84 11.06 Pediciidae 1 2 2 3 3 2 6 0.47 13 1.30 9 1.18 Blephariceridae 6 6 6 0.47 2 0.20 Bibionidae 4 0.40 Mycetophilidae 1 1 1 0.08 14 1.40 15 1.98 Bolitophilidae 4 0.40 5 0.66 Diadocidiidae 1 0.10 1 0.13 Keroplatidae 3 0.30 3 0.39 Macroceridae 4 0.40 4 0.53 Sciaridae 20 29 2 20 26 41 3.22 4 0.40 Cecidomyiidae 91 94 25 7 89 75 32 46 138 10.84 65 6.48 54 7.11 Psychodidae 2 2 2 2 0.16 Trichoceridae 1 1 1 0.08 1 0.10 Scatopsidae 1 0.10 Ptychopteridae 1 0.10 1 0.13 Culicidae 7 4 1 8 10 0.79 9 0.90 Thaumaleidae 1 0.08 Simuliidae 12 17 26 18 2 1 10 2 35 2.75 37 3.69 10 1.32 Ceratopogonidae 4 1 4 4 0.31 6 0.60 1 0.13 Chironomidae 5 1 1 6 2 8 0.62 53 5.28 13 1.71 Orthorrhapha 67 20 11 64 23 4 5 125 9.83 108 10.77 53 6.98 Coenomyiidae 1 0.10 Xylophagidae 1 0.08 Stratiomyidae 8 8 10 0.79 5 0.50 12 1.58 Rhagionidae 5 4 2 5 0.39 5 0.50 8 1.05 Athericidae 2 2 2 0.16 Tabanidae 10 1 10 21 1.65 25 2.49 5 0.66 Acroceridae 1 0.13 Bombyliidae 10 10 1 13 1.02 9 0.90 Therevidae 2 2 1 2 0.16 2 0.20 Asilidae 14 1 14 1 22 1.73 23 2.29 11 1.45 Empididae 13 11 6 11 6 4 5 29 2.28 8 0.80 7 0.92 Hybotidae 2 2 5 0.39 5 0.50 3 0.39 Microphoridae 2 0.16 12 Zdravko Hubenov

Table 2. Continued.

Dolichopodidae 1 8 4 1 12 13 1.02 25 2.49 6 0.79 Cyclorrhapha 465 404 177 116 400 349 249 109 830 65.25 601 59.92 506 66.67 Platypezidae 1 0.10 Phoridae1 119 138 72 68 125 118 93 26 203 15.96 1 0.10 2 0.26 Pipunculidae 3 1 1 1 1 7 0.55 5 0.50 14 1.84 Syrphidae 51 4 4 49 3 3 130 10.22 149 14.86 49 6.46 Micropezidae 1 1 1 0.08 Conopidae 4 2 4 8 0.63 20 1.99 2 0.26 Lonchaeidae 1 1 1 0.08 Otitidae 1 1 1 0.08 Platystomatidae 1 1 1 0.08 Tephritidae 8 8 9 0.71 8 0.80 2 0.26 Piophilidae 1 0.13 Lauxaniidae 1 0.10 Cremifaniidae 1 0.10 Chamaemyiidae 3 2 1 1 1 1 6 0.47 1 0.10 12 1.58 Dryomyzidae 1 0.08 Sciomyzidae 1 1 2 0.16 2 0.20 Sepsidae 1 0.08 1 0.13 Agromyzidae 3 2 1 1 1 19 1.49 48 4.79 15 1.98 Opomyzidae 5 5 3 2 4 6 2 2 6 0.47 2 0.20 3 0.39 Periscelididae 1 1 1 1 0.08 Braulidae 1 1 1 0.08 Carnidae 2 2 1 2 1 3 0.24 5 0.66 Milichiidae 1 1 1 0.08 1 0.10 4 0.53 Chloropidae 51 61 27 19 34 62 33 30 79 6.21 61 6.08 72 9.49 Heleomyzidae 2 2 2 0.16 2 0.20 Sphaeroceridae 2 0.20 2 0.26 Camillidae 1 0.13 Drosophilidae 1 0.10 Diastatidae 1 0.10 1 0.13 Ephydridae 16 22 7 5 9 23 7 8 29 2.28 26 2.59 33 4.35 Hippoboscidae 1 2 1 2 2 0.08 2 0.20 2 0.26 Scathophagidae 2 2 2 0.16 2 0.20 Anthomyiidae 2 4 6 1 9 0.71 3 0.30 1 0.13 Fanniidae 2 2 2 0.16 2 0.20 6 0.79 Muscidae 21 20 19 5 25 13 2 1 53 4.17 55 5.48 49 6.45 Calliphoridae 11 2 1 10 2 1 15 1.18 14 1.40 3 0.39 Sarcophagidae 13 3 2 13 25 1.96 24 2.39 18 2.37 Rhinophoridae 1 1 1 0.08 1 0.10 Hypodermatidae 1 1 1 0.08 Gasterophilidae 3 0.30 Tachinidae 142 129 40 16 101 112 98 41 208 16.35 162 16.15 203 26.74 Families - 76 47 34 19 11 43 30 20 13 58 54.7 58 54.7 44 41.5 Species - 1987 707 592 260 143 645 500 296 184 1272 31.7 1003 25.1 759 19.0 The Dipterans (Insecta: Diptera) of the Vitosha Mountain 13 the increase of great number of species to be es- of the Vitosha Mt. is not clear and depends on tablished in the southern part. the exposure, relief and anthropogenic impact; In comparison with the Central Balkan there are areas of mixing (200-300 m a.s.l.), re- National Park [184 species (Hubenov et al., placement of coniferous with beech forests or 2000a)], East Rhodopes [279 species (Hubenov deforestation areas. This determines the high 2004)], Pirin Mts. [742 species (Hubenov species richness in the beech belt, the great 2015b)] and Rila Mts. [1003 species (Hubenov number of common species and the similarity 2016)], it is seen that the dipteran fauna of the of the fauna of Diptera with the one of the co- Vitosha Mt. is commensurable with this of the niferous belt. Regarding the hypsometric belts, Rila Mts. and exceeds the fauna of the Central the maximum number of species is recorded Balkan, East Rhodopes and Pirin Mts. It should between 900 and 1300 m a.s.l. (like the Pirin be kept in mind that Vitosha is the most stud- Mts.). The upper limit of the coniferous belt ied Bulgarian mountain, whereas the Central (where it is developed) gradually passes into Balkan and East Rhodopes are poorly explored the subalpine vegetation zones with a mixture with respect to the two-winged insects. From of regions at about 100-200 m a.s.l. Thus, most the whole territory of the Stara Planina Mts. (in- of the species are common to both vegetation sufficiently studied), about 600-700 species are belts and the number of taxa established in the reported. Regarding the dipterans, the Pirin Mts. subalpine belt increases. Of the species found in is also poorly studied as compared to the Rila the subalpine belt (143 species or 11.2%), four- and Vitosha Mountains. In the better studied teen species are typical for it (Table 3). Megaselia families (Limoniidae, Simuliidae, Syrphidae, robusta Schmitz (Holarctic species of Phoridae) Chloropidae, Ephydridae, Muscidae and and Platymya fimbriata Meigen (Transpalaeartic Tachinidae), the differences between the Vitosha, species of Tachinidae) are boreomontane spe- Rila and Pirin Mountains are not big (Table 2). It cies and Allophorocera pachystyla Macquart is expected, after further investigations, that the (European species of Tachinidae) is a montane dipteran fauna of the Pirin Mts. will exceed most species. There are eight boreomontane species of the Bulgarian mountains in terms species of Cecidomyiidae, Phoridae and Tachinidae, composition. This is related to the wide variety found in the coniferous and other vegetation of natural habitats, as well as to the geographical belts. The percentage difference in the species location which the mountain occupies in South- composition of the subalpine belt with the Rila west Bulgaria (Hubenov 2015b). (9.9%) and Pirin Mts. (10.6%) is not great but Most species (707 species or 55.6%) have for Vitosha Mt. it is the last vegetation belt. More been established in the mesophilic and xe- significant is the difference in the coniferous belt: romesophilic mixed forests belt, despite its lack 20.5% of the Vitosha Mt., 27.6% of the Rila Mts. in the east part of the mountain – a specific and 35.7% of the Pirin Mts. In some cases, the feature of the Vitosha Mt.. On the other hand, finding of species at a certain altitude takes place in the Rila and Pirin Mountains most species are accidentally. The lack of systematic research on found in the beech forests belt (Hubenov 2015b, Diptera of the Vitosha Mt. and the fragmen- 2016). This is owing both to the open spaces to tary data for most families do not allow explicit which species of the contiguous valleys penetrate conclusions about the adherence of the taxa to and the great number of localities (100 or 39.1%) one or another vegetation zone to be made. The below 1100 m a.s.l. in the Vitosha Mt. In con- distribution of species in groups according to trast to the Rila and Pirin Mountains (where this their presence in the vegetation belts has a rela- belt is the second one), the Vitosha Mt. begins tive character and depends on the specific fea- with the mesophilic and xeromesophilic mixed tures of taxa and research area, as well as on the forests belt. In the beech forests, 592 species duration of the research. There is a correlation have been found (46.5%) – less than in the Pirin between the horizontal and vertical distribution and Rila Mountains where the percentage varies of Diptera. A total of 77 species from nine fami- from 55.1% (in Pirin) to 73.4% (in Rila). Of the lies (Limoniidae, Cecidomyiidae, Simuliidae, well-studied families Sciaridae, Cecidomyiidae, Phoridae, Chamaemyiidae, Chloropidae, Phoridae, Chloropidae and Ephydridae, most Ephydridae, Muscidae and Tachinidae) is es- species are found in the beech forests belt. The tablished at 2000 m a.s.l. They comprise 20 border between the beech and coniferous forests types of large areas of European, Euro-Siberian, 14 Zdravko Hubenov

Palaearctic, Super-Palaearctic and Cosmopolitan type). Taxa, whose areas include more than one type (Table 3). Palaearctic subregion in latitudinal direction, The zoogeographical categorisation of the belong to this group. They are well represented species (Table 3) is made on the basis of current in the high mobile groups and comprise about data about their distribution. Thus, the dipter- 25-30% of the species composition. A total of ans are divided into 83 areographical categories, 302 species (23.7%) from this group, combined combined into two main groups and six sub- into 24 areographical categories, has been estab- groups (Table 4). lished in the Vitosha Mt. (Table 4). Its character Species distributed in the Palaearctic and is determined by the Transpalaearctic (87 spe- beyond it. This group (254 species or 20.0%) cies or 6.8%), West Palaearctic (37 species or includes 33 categories, of which 26 combine 2.9%), European-North African (31 species or species of northern type (widely distributed in 2.4%) and West and Central Palaearctic (30 spe- the Holarctic and Palaearctic) and seven spe- cies or 2.4%) species, which are the most numer- cies of southern type (distributed only in the ous. The correlation of these categories (with southern parts of the Palaearctic). The differ- the exception of the West-Palaearctic ones) ence between the separate vegetation belts with remains the same in the separate vegetation belts respect to this group is from 0.7 to 2.1% (or from of the Vitosha Mt. with small deviations and 28 to 145 species). The difference between the ranges from 0.7% to 7.5% (1 to 53 species). The mixed and beech forests is the highest, whereas Eurosiberian-Central Asian and Holopalaearctic in the other belts it does not exceed 1.7% species are well presented (17-18 species or 1.3- (contrary to the Rila and Pirin Mountains where 1.4%). Twenty-six species (2.0%) have a lon- the differences between the first four belts are gitudinal disjunction of the areas with regard minimal). It is very likely other species of the to Siberia and Central Asia (Tables 3 and 4). group of northern type in the last two vegetation Probably some of these species are presented belts of the Vitosha Mt. to be established owing with sparse populations and will be studied in to their distribution and insufficient studies of more detail as a result of further research. Most the higher parts of the mountain. It is accepted often a latitudinal disjunction of the areas of that the species of northern type have vast areas this group lacks (Gorodkov 1984, Josifov 1988, and ecological flexibility. In the Superpalaearctic Hubenov 2015a). A significant portion of the complex (like the Rila and Pirin mountains), the species with wide vertical distribution (about Holarctic species (137 species or 10.7%) prevail 25%) belong to this group. It includes from and as compared to the other areographical cat- 21.7% to 25.5% (31 to 180 species) of the spe- egories where the Holarctic-Oriental (28 species cies composition in the separate vegetation belts or 2.2%) and the Palaearctic-Oriental forms (23 (Table 4). The vast areas and wide vertical dis- species or 1.8%) are better presented (Table 4). tribution of the taxa of this group are an indi- The species of the southern type are found only cation of the greater ecological flexibility of its in the first vegetation belt. Usually the scruti- species. This group is represented a little better nised areographical complex is scanty presented in terms of relative abundance in the Pirin and and is not determinant for the zoogeographical Rila Mountains where it comprises from 25.8% characteristic of the taxa in the Bulgarian ter- to 27.5% of the known dipterans. restrial fauna. In a highly mobile forms (such Species distributed within one subregion as Diptera) the complex is better presented and of the Palaearctic. This group (716 species or can reach 20-25%. It is better presented in the 56.3%) includes species with Eurosiberian (655 Rila Mts. (25.7%) and the Pirin Mts. (21.0%) species or 51.5%) and Mediterranean (46 spe- than the Vitosha Mt. In the two-winged insects cies or 3.6%) type of distribution (Tables 3 and significant numbers of synanthropic and syn- 4). Endemics are included in this group. The bovil forms with cosmopolitan distribution oc- Mediterranean-Central Asian species are also cur. They have anthropogenic areas, structured included here according to Kryzhanovsky (1965, with the development of the human civilization 2002) and Lopatin (1989) who combine the (before the beginning of the contemporary re- Mediterranean and Central Asian subregions. search). The species with Mediterranean type of distri- Species distributed only in the Palaearctic, bution are accepted in a general way and include but in more than one subregion (Palaearctic Submediterranean, Subiranian and Pontian The Dipterans (Insecta: Diptera) of the Vitosha Mountain 15 168 168 168 168 168 168 168 168 168 168 168 168 137 137 137 157 137 157 157 176a 136, 168 136, 168 References 136, 137, 168 136, 137, 168 e e h et eit eit wp ena ean ena ? et Ebg wcp sena hoes hoes hoes ? wp wces phical ? eswa e, ? cse e, ? cse

Areogra- ean, ? wes categories ena, i, wpn Northwestern

♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦

Southern Eastern

♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ Northern

Parts of Vitosha ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦

Subalpine Coniferous

of the Vitosha Mt. the Vitosha of

● ● Beech ● ● Distribution

(Insecta) Mixed Vegetation belts. Vegetation ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 1020 870-880 800-830 870-880 820-870 820-880 820-870 820-830 890-950 870-880 870-880 890-950 820-830 870-880 800-1000 800-1000 870-1420 1400-1420 Vertical (m) Vertical 9 9 , 223 80 85 80 41 80 80 42 80 122 221 221 221 254 223 221 221 221 42, 80 42, 80 80, 254 Vitosha 221 41, 80, 122 Localities of Species composition and distribution of Diptera of distribution and Species composition 1804) , 1826) , Table 3. Table 1863 , 1804) 1992 , , 1818) , (Meigen 1980 1817 , , Egger (Macquart 1833 , 1804 , (Meigen 1833 1863 , , 1804 (Meigen ochracea , (Linnaeus, 1761)

1919) 1887) ) 1758 , Oosterbroek , , 1830 1758) Theowald , 1761 , , Wiedemann Egger Meigen 1804) , 1912) Taxa , Schummel Meigen ocellare sexmaculata symplectoidea transversa (Pierre ) ) ) Schummel Poda ) (Verrall Starý, 2009 Tipulidae / 12 Tipulidae pictipennis schranki Meigen Tipulomorpha Limoniidae / 52 ) ) Linnaeus NEMATOCERA (Linnaeus caesia lateralis marginella montium pruinosa ) ) ) ) ) (Meigen (Meigen, 1804) mellea vernalis (Bergroth Archilimnophila ) ) maxima ( ) scripta ) oleracea ) Dactylolabis Dactylolabis Dactylolabis Epiphragma ( ( ( Limnophila Limnophila ( ( ( sparsipunctum Acutipula Lunatipula Lunatipula Tipula Vestiplex Yamatotipula Yamatotipula Yamatotipula Yamatotipula Yamatotipula ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( Nephrotoma appendiculata Nephrotoma pratensis Nephrotoma Tipula Tipula Tipula Tipula Tipula Tipula Tipula Tipula Tipula Tipula Austrolimnophila Dactylolabis Dactylolabis Dactylolabis Epiphragma Eloeophila maculata Eloeophila Eloeophila submarmorata Eloeophila verralli lineola Euphylidorea Limnophila Limnophila 16 Zdravko Hubenov 137 137 137 157 137 137 137 157 136 157 137 137 136 137 136 137 137 137 136 137 168 137 177 137 157 157 177 157 137 137 137 177a 136, 168 136, 168 136, 137 137, 157 136, 157 cse e eit po e e e e e e e e h ho ho po ? em wp cse cse see cse des ean ean Ebg Ebg Ebg wcp ? ? csee hom ewca e, ? cse e, ? cse, ? e e, ? wes Ebs, ? ban esca, ? wces ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● Continued. 870-880 870-880 870-880 870-880 870-880 870-880 870-880 870-1420 2270-2290 1400-1420 1400-1420 1400-1420 1400-1420 1400-1420 1400-1420 1400-1420 1400-1420 1400-1420 1400-1420 1400-1420 1020-1200 Table 3. Table 221 221 54 , 221 80 80 80 80 80 80 221 221 254 254 254 221 254 221 221 221 221 254 221 221 254 254 221 221 221 254 221 221 2 221 254 254 221 65, 80 80, 254 85, 1975 , 1840) , 1931 , 1818) 1919 , 1818) , , 1763) 1829) , 1920 , 1973 , , , 2011 ý (Stæger 1920 , Bangerter, 1947 Bangerter, Starý & Freiberg, 2007 Starý & Freiberg, Bergroth, 1913 Bergroth, 1804) Star (Meigen, 1818) Nielsen , (Meigen (Meigen Lackschewitz, 1940 (Scopoli Meijere 1920 Tonnoir, (Meigen, 1830) 1873) , 1976) Lackschewitz , 1921) , Kolenati, 1860 Tonnoir (Meigen, 1804) (Schummel Savchenko Savchenko & Tomov Savchenko & Starý, 1971 mitis signatella autumnalis murina (Meigen, 1804) ) ) ) ) (Meigen, 1818) (Meigen Meigen, 1804 (Kuntze,1914) (Loew (Lackschewitz, 1940) (Stary brevihamatus curvatus obsoletus corniger czizeki ochraceus tristis nigristigma ferruginea ) ) ) ) ) ) ater ) ) ) hybrida simplex securiformis (Schummel, 1829) ) lutea (Strobl, 1898) (Tonnoir ) ) ) (Schummel, 1829) limnophiloides chirothecata ) ) ) bifida pirinensis Meigen, 1804 amicorum lineata microstyla (Kowarz, 1868) (Egger, 1863) (Egger, ) ) ) ) ) Dicranomyia Dicranomyia Dicranomyia Glochina Idiopyga ( ( ( ( ( Molophilus Molophilus Molophilus Molophilus Molophilus Molophilus Phylidorea ( ( ( ( ( Gonomyia Gonomyia Eriocera Symplecta ( ( Molophilus Dasymolophilus Crypteria Erioptera ( ( ( ( ( ( Ormosia Ormosia Ormosia Ormosia Ormosia ( ( ( ( ( ( ( Phylidorea Phylidorea Prionolabis hospes Hexatoma Crypteria Neolimnophila carteri Erioptera pentagonalis Scleroprocta Symplecta Erioconopa symplectoides Molophilus Molophilus Molophilus Molophilus Molophilus Molophilus Ormosia Ormosia Ormosia Ormosia Ormosia Rhypholophus obtusistyla Rhypholophus phryganopterus Tasiocera Dicranoptycha cinerascens Gonomyia Gonomyia Dicranomyia Dicranomyia Dicranomyia Dicranomyia Dicranomyia Limonia hercegovinae Limonia macrostigma Limonia nigropunctata Limonia nubeculosa Limonia pannonica Molophilus The Dipterans (Insecta: Diptera) of the Vitosha Mountain 17 5 168 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 137 137 137 137 157 137 137 136 137 172 172 156 59, 125, 172 127, 172 126, 127, 194 cse e e e e e e e e e et Eb cseit cse des des ean wes Ebg csee csee csee hoes hoes hoes ? wp csean e, ? et ? e, ? h, i, ? k ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 1100 1100 1200 1550 1550 1550 1550 1550 1550 Continued. 870-880 870-880 770-830 800-830 650-850 800-1100 810-1100 810-1100 870-1100 800-1000 800-1000 870-1550 800-1000 1400-1420 1400-1420 1400-1420 1400-1420 Table 3. Table 248 80 80 254 254 221 254 221 221 254 252 252 122 122 236 248 248 248 248 192 234 248 248 234 47, 49 47, 49 47, 49 80, 228, 252 228, 252 80, 76, 229, 122, 222, 228, 1940 , 1968) , 1981 , 1989 , (Tjeder Stary Lackschewitz 1864 , (Meigen, 1804) Loew, 1871 Loew, 1983) 1842) 1867 , , , 1960 1934) , , 1954 , 1882) 1941) zetterstedti Schiner , , 1916 ) 1840) 1818) , , 1867) , subtilis 1840) , candelisequa fuscipennis , 1818) ) ) ) Pediciidae / 6 , Sciaridae / 41 immaculata 1948 , 1850) Bibionomorpha ) , (Meigen, 1804) (Freeman Winnertz (Shaw Mycetophilidae / 1 Loew, 1844 Loew, Blephariceridae / 6 Loew, 1877 Loew, Bechev, 1990 Bechev, (Westwood Haliday 1833 Blephariceromorpha Vimmer Mohrig & Krivosheina Tuomikoski (Staeger Frey uniseriata (Meigen Mannheims (Lengersdorf ) (Staeger (Comstock Komarek & Vimmer, 1934 Vimmer, Komarek & (Winnertz (Meigen (Loew Metalimnobia ( Tricyphona Paradicranota Paradicranota Paradicranota ( ( ( ( Rhipidia mollissima sylvatica ( ) ) Ula Ula ( ( Metalimnobia Neolimonia dumetorum Rhipidia Dicranota Dicranota Dicranota Tricyphona Ula Ula Blepharicera fasciata Liponeura brevirostris Liponeura buresi Liponeura cinerascens Liponeura komareki Liponeura vimmeri Anaclileia beshovskii Bradysia angustipennis Bradysia bicolor Bradysia brevispina Bradysia lobulifera Bradysia ocellaris Bradysia pectoralis Bradysia placida Bradysia regularis Bradysia submoesta Bradysia tilicola Bradysia trivittata Camptochaeta bournei abblanda Claustropyga 18 Zdravko Hubenov 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 58 58 58 58 58 58 162 162 162 162 163 168 168 e e e e e e e e e e e e h h h et tp se po ho hn cse cse des des ena ena wes Ebg Ebg csee csee ? des e, ? i, poa ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 800 800 800 1100 1100 1100 1100 1100 1100 1550 Continued. 800-900 650-800 770-850 800-1811 800-1000 800-1050 800-1800 800-1450 1100-1550 1000-1200 1000-1200 1000-1200 1450-1550 1450-1550 1450-1500 1450-1550 1000-1550 1000-1200 1000-1330 1000-1330 1050-1500 1000-1400 Table 3. Table 152, 54 248 54 54 42 54 54 42 234 248 247 234 234 234 247 247 247 234 221 221 234 82, 42, 47 47, 49 42, 47 47, 42, 47 47, 192 54, 42, 247 15, 212 15, 212 234, 246 234, 248 239, 250 42, 42, 188, 244 82, 232, 249 1992 , (Mohrig & Mamaev, (Mohrig & Mamaev, (Staeger, 1840) (Staeger, 38 (Winnertz, 1867) (Winnertz, 1 (Winnertz, 1867) (Winnertz, (Zetterstedt, 1851) Freeman, 1983 (Lengersdorf, 1940) Mohrig & Dimitrova, 1993 Mohrig, 1982 (Kratochvil, 1936) coarctata scutellata viatica carpaticus ) ) ) ) (Walker, 1848) (Walker, (Börner, 1903) (Börner, atomaria edwardsi (Meigen, 1804) (Lengersdorf, 1934) ) ) Tuomikoski, 1960 Tuomikoski, Tuomikoski, 1960 Tuomikoski, (Meigen, 1804) (Bukowski & Lengersdorf, 1936) (Bukowski & Lengersdorf, 1936) Mohrig & Dimitrova, 1992 atra (Lengersdorf, 1930) castanescens ) Mohrig & Dimitrova (Winnertz, 1867) (Winnertz, Meigen, 1818 Cecidomyiidae / ) (Scopoli, 1763) antegracilis bipalpatus detriticola gracilis schillei (Kieffer, 1919) (Kieffer, Mohrig & Dimitrova, 1992 (Lengersdorf, 1929) (Winnertz, 1867) (Winnertz, ) ) ) ) ) (Kieffer, 1894) (Kieffer, ambigua (Winnertz, 1870) (Winnertz, Macquart, 1826 ) Leptosciarella Leptosciarella Leptosciarella Pritchard, 1947 ( ( ( Scatopsciara Scatopsciara ( ( Schiner, 1864 Schiner, Lycoriella Xylopriona Epidapus Epidapus Epidapus Epidapus Epidapus Pseudoaptanogyna ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( Cratyna ( Corynoptera acerrima Corynoptera alticola Corynoptera applanata Corynoptera bistrispina Corynoptera forcipata Corynoptera irmgardis Corynoptera luteofusca Corynoptera magica Corynoptera obscuripila Corynoptera subparvula Corynoptera subtilis Corynoptera trepida Cratyna Ctenosciara hyalipennis Epidapus Epidapus Epidapus Epidapus Epidapus Epidapus 1985) Leptosciarella Leptosciarella Leptosciarella Lycoriella Scatopsciara Scatopsciara Sciara analis Sciara hemerobioides defecta Anaretella Aprionus bidentatus cinerea Lestremia adela Polyardis Monardia Campylomyza flavipes The Dipterans (Insecta: Diptera) of the Vitosha Mountain 19 174 174 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 57 55 55 55 55 55 154 54, 55 54, 55 55, 56 55, 174 55, 174 55, 174 55, 174 55, 55, 55, 56, 174 54, 55, 174 47, 55, 186, 187 54, 55, 166, 174 54, 55, 166, 174 e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e h h ee ee ee ee dp dp ena Ebg Ebg hoes eswa cse, ? e ena, i, h, esca ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 0 800 830 1150 1100 1100 1100 1150 1550 1000 1400 1500 1550 1600 1080 1550 1200 1200 1350 Continued. 730-800 750-800 770-800 750-800 950-2108 950-1050 750-1200 830-135 750-1250 1080-1150 1400-1700 1050-2000

Table 3. Table 234, 156, 239, 243 244 32, 57, 194

42 10 50 , 234 241 248 212 249 250 234 348 241 171 221 225 121 246 242 248 243 255 194 8, 226, 40, 42 39, 42 , 70, , 178, 20, 239 74, 151 50, 39, 13 11 231, 254 58 3, 39, 118, 214, 39, 118, 3, 16, 136, 166, 215, 225, 233 176, 180, 182, 210 1827) (Meigen, 1830) Panelius, 1965 (Wachtl, 1882) (Wachtl, Mamaev & Dimitrova, 1992 Mamaev, 1966 Mamaev, Mamaev, 1964 Mamaev, 1909) (Kieffer, Spungis, 1981 (Bremi, 1847) Spungis, 1981 Schiner, 1854 Schiner, (F. Low, 1875) Low, (F. Dimitrova, 1992 (Spungis, 1981) (Bagnall, 1922) (Kieffer, 1888) (Kieffer, (Vallot, (Vallot, (Giraud, 1868) (Kieffer, 1913) (Kieffer, 1853) (Winnertz, 1907 Kieffer, (Bremi, 1847) Panelius, 1965 Rubsaamen, 1916 (Kieffer, 1889) (Kieffer, (Bremi, 1847) (Edwards, 1938) (Kieffer, 1909) (Kieffer, (Giraud, 1863) (Mamaev, 1963) (Mamaev, (Kieffer, 1897) (Kieffer, Neurolyga verna Neurolyga ramosa Peromyia Monepidosis bulgarica Neocolpodia paradoxa Porricondyla armata Porricondyla aurantiaca Porricondyla modesta Porricondyla nigripennis Spungisomyia media curvata Winnertzia Hilversidia autumnalis Lasioptera arundinis Apiomyia bergenstammi Arnoldiola gemmae Arnoldiola libera euphorbiae Spurgia Coniophora nijveldti Craneiobia corni Cystiphora taraxaci Dasineura airae Dasineura asperulae Dasineura auritae Dasineura corylina Dasineura crataegi Dasineura filicina Dasineura filipendulae Dasineura fraxinea Dasineura fraxini Dasineura harrisoni Dasineura hyperici Dasineura irregularis 20 Zdravko Hubenov 174 174 174 174

, 56 174 166, , 55 55 55 , 55, 54, 55 55 55, 166 55, 174 55, 55, 174 55, 174 55, 174 55, 174 55, 174 55, 174 55, 56, 174 55, 56, 174 54, 55, 174 54, 55, 54, 55 54, 55, 166, 174 55, 166, 174 54, 55, 166, 174 54, 55 dp dp des des hat e e e e e e e e e e h , ? dp dp cse des ena , ? , ? , ? wes csee dp, ? h h, ? tp dp dp des ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 0 880 750 830 950 920 1600 1400 1400 Continued. 750-800 750-880 750-1100 770-143 750-1430 750-1430 750-1770 770-1200 800-1550 950-1050 750-1550 800-1030 750-1350 1250-1430 1070-1650 1350-1650 , Table 3. Table 195 254 223, 226 , 243 50, 158 , 213 , 39 20 31 255 196 253, 255 195 214 255 255 254 254 12, 39 39 20, 239 122, 255 245, 254 121, 196 171 2, 39, 70, 77, 83, 3, 22, 164, 2, 122, 23, 40, 116, 23, 40, 116, 39, 118, 233, 39, 118, 39, 196, 243, 210, 238, 243 181, 182, 235 11, 20, 39, 68, 11, 121, 164, 119, 171, 187, 194, 200, 205, 215, 240, 243, 244, 194, 196, 197, 244, 253, 254, 136, 229 39, 40, 909) en, 1889) , 1916 , 1850) , 1891) , 1888) , 1840) Loew (Lintner, 1879) (Lintner, (Kieffer, 1 (Kieffer, Rubsaamen, 1914 ( Kieffer (Kieffer, 1901) (Kieffer, Low, 1874) Low, (Kieffer, 1909) (Kieffer, ( (Bremi, 1847) (Rubsaam (Schrank, 1803) (Kieffer, 1909) (Kieffer, Perris (Loew, 1850) (Loew, Rubsaamen, 1917 1909) (Kieffer, Rubsaamen (Bremi, 1847) (Henschel, 1875) Kieffer

Kieffer, 1896 Kieffer, ( (F. (F. (F. Low, 1877) Low, (F. ( (Bremi, 1847) (Schrank, 1803) e clavifex heterobia jaapi

urticae viciae

Dasineura kellneri Dasineura leguminicola Dasineura oxyacanthae Dasineura plicatrix Dasineura pteridicola Dasineura pustulans Dasineura ranunculi Dasineura rosae Dasineura rubella Dasineura ruebsaameni Dasineura schulzei Dasineura sisymbrii Dasineura szepligetii Dasineura tilia Dasineura tortrix Dasineura trifolii Dasineura tubularis Dasineura tympani Dasineura ulmaria Dasineura Dasineura Rabdophaga Rabdophaga Rabdophaga The Dipterans (Insecta: Diptera) of the Vitosha Mountain 21 174 174 166, 174 166, 174 55 55 54, 55 54, 55 54, 55 55, 56 55, 56 55, 56 55, 174 55, 174 55, 174 55, 174 54, 55, 55, 56, 174 54, 55, 54, 55, 166, 174 54, 55, 54, 55, 54, 55, 166, 174 54, 55, 166, 174 dp dp ? ? dp e e e e e h tp tp dp dp dp cse ? csee csean wesca des, cse, ? e dp, ? tp des, ? ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 850 950 1150 1120 1080 1050 1550 Continued. 750-1810 770-1400 950-1280 800-1350 800-1000 800-2000 750-1450 800-1400 770-1650 750-1550 750-1030 1080-1100 Table 3. Table 80, , , 70, 74, 20 254 245 231 254 225 242 233 213 210 221 172 248 121, 154, 56 225, 234 122, 214 232, 243 240, 253 243, 254 16, 50, 81, 42, 57 2, 20, 122, 13, 18, 136, 50, 122, 212, 254 243, 244, 248 11, 16, 68, 72, 11, 232, 253, 119, 6, 23, 39, 122, 123, 151, 155, 186, 194, 202, 224, 232, 253, 20, 151, 225, 235, 122, 123, 226, 122, 145, 157, 178, 198, 213, 231, 238, 239, 151, 166, 229, 109, 122, 172, nk, 1803) (Dufour, 1841) (Dufour, (Loew, 1850) (Loew, (Rubsaamen, 1912 (Rubsaamen, 1891) (Hartig, 1839) (Bremi, 1847) (Loew, 1850) (Loew, (F. Low 1888) (F. (Giraud, 1861) (Schra (Vallot, 1827) (Vallot, Kieffer, 1896 Kieffer, (F. Low, 1877) Low, (F. (Kieffer, 1909) (Kieffer, (Kieffer, 1909) (Kieffer, (Winnertz, 1853) (Winnertz, Rubsaamen 1916 (Loew, 1850) (Loew, (Kieffer, 1888) (Kieffer,

(Kollar, 1850) (Kollar, Rabdophaga rosaria Rabdophaga saliciperda Rabdophaga salicis Rabdophaga terminalis Didymomyia tiliacea Dryomyia circinans Geocrypta galii Acericecis vitrina Hartigiola annulipes Iteomyia capreae Jaapiella floriperda Jaapiella rubicundula Jaapiella veronicae Fabomyia medicaginis Janetia cerris Janetia homocera Janetia nervicola Janetia szepligetii Janetiella thymi lamii Macrolabis 22 Zdravko Hubenov 166, 174 166, 174 55 55 55 54, 55 54, 55 55, 174 55, 174 55, 174 55, 174 55, 56, 174 55, 166, 174 166, 55, 174 54, 55, 54, 55, 55, 56, 166, 174 e e e e e e h ? e ean ena ean wes tp, i, h dp, i, h e, ? cse ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 2270 870 Continued. 750-950 750-920 800-1810 750-1680 750- 770-1400 830-1450 830-1450 830-1550 1100-1450 1130-1550 1000-1520 1000-1200 1350-2000

Table 3. Table 194, 214, 233, 198, 245 223 , 243 182 253 173 253 239, 245, 226, 248 154, 156, 231, 133, 39, 49 40, 254 243, 255 235, 243, 253 121, 197 12, 20, 40, 72, 73, 102, 20, 23, 155, 20, 23, 155, 20, 23, 155, 83, 200, 240 50, 6, 20, 68, 75, 51, 73, 195, 205, 253 234, 248, 253 117, 121, 129, 117, 136, 155, 196, 210, 214, 238, 2, 5, 6, 16, 20, 62, 64, 65, 68, 121, 125, 129, 145, 152, 177, 178, 191, 198, 205, 215, 235, 173, 194, 205, 174, 195, 205, 124, 178, 187, ) ) (Linnaeus, 1758) (Loew, 1850) (Loew, (Bremi, 1847) (Hardy, 1850 (Hardy, Roskam, 1977 (Liebel, 1892) (Kieffer, 1898) (Kieffer, (Kieffer, 1901) (Kieffer, Rubsaamen, 1916 (Fourcroy, 1785) (Fourcroy, (Winnertz, 1853) (Winnertz, (Kieffer, 1909) (Kieffer, Roskam 1977 (F. Low, 1874 Low, (F. (Kieffer, 1901) (Kieffer, iella niebleri Macrolabis rhodophila Macrolabis podagrariae Macrolabis Mayetiola graminis Mikomya coryli juniperinus Oligotrophus panteli Oligotrophus Phegomyia fagicola Physemocecis hartigi Physemocecis ulmi Sackenomyia reaumurii Semudobia betulae Semudobia skuhravae Semudobia tarda Wachtl Zygiobia carpini The Dipterans (Insecta: Diptera) of the Vitosha Mountain 23 166, 174 55 55, 56 55, 166 55, 174 55, 174 55, 174 55, 174 55, 174 55, 174 55, 174 55, 174 55, 174 55, 56, 174 55, 56, 174 55, 56, 174 55, 56, 174 55, 56, 174 54, 55, 174 55, 56, 174 54, 55, sk po cse e e e e e e wp cse cse ena ena ena ban wes esca ? e, ? e, ? des wes, ? h des, ? hna, ? ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 980 920 950 1400 1280 1550 1200 Continued. 800-850 750-850 920-1100 800-1900 750-1200 860-1020 750-2000 750-1350 750-1500 1100-1200 1150-1650 1200-1350 1250-1350

Table 3. Table 242 68, 71, 42 20 20 255 234 253 245 197 248 238 243 156, 161, 121, 181, 197, 210, 39, 42 58, 223, 233 253, 255 243, 245 136, 73, 95, 117, 73, 95, 117, 31, 117, 209 31, 117, 42, 118, 121, 42, 118, 6, 12, 18, 23, 50, 49, 223, 253, 254 182, 223, 224 129, 182, 253 119, 156, 164, 119, 164, 180, 118, 33, 122, 129, 150, 154, 164, 182, 198, 214, 229, 232, 236, 242, 243, 248, 253, 254, 39, 42, 57, 94, 178, 181, 223, 234, 242, 251, 121, 129, 135, 239, 244, 245, Schiner, 1856 Schiner, Rubsaamen, 1917 (Rondani, 1847) (Bremi, 1847) (Hardy, 1850) (Hardy, F. Low, 187 Low, F. (Vallot, 1827) (Vallot, Rubsaamen, 1917 (Kieffer, 1889) (Kieffer, (Kieffer, 1890) (Kieffer, Kieffer, 1889 Kieffer, Vimmer, 1937 Vimmer, (F. Low, 1877) Low, (F. Kieffer, 1897 Kieffer, Kieffer, 1909 Kieffer, (Kaltenbach, 1859) Wachtl, 1880 Wachtl, icrus onidis Rubsaamen, 1921 Kieffer, 1909 Kieffer, (Hartig, 1839) lia verbasci Mikiola fagi Mikiola orientalis Kiefferia pericarpiicola Asphondylia baudysi Asphondylia miki Asphondylia on Asphondylia scrophulariae Asphondy Placochela nigripes Schizomyia galiorum Aphidoletes aphidimyza Aschistonyx carpinicolus Clinodiplosis cil Contarinia barbichei Contarinia carpini Contarinia coryli Contarinia fagi Contarinia floriperda Contarinia gei Contarinia helianthemi 24 Zdravko Hubenov 55 54 55 55 55 55 155 54, 55 55, 56 54, 55 55, 174 55, 174 55, 174 55, 174 47, 53, 54, 55, 174 54, 55, 174 54, 55, 174 55, 56, 174 54, 55, 166, 54, 55, 166, 174 54, 55, 166, 174 cse et bm e e e e e e e se cse des ? wes Ebg e, ? esca wesant e, ? des, ? h ean, i, h ? wes, weswca wes, ? weswca ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● -2290 850 950 1580 1550 1400 1600 Continued. 870-950 770-1650 750-1450 770-1650 770-1650 770-1650 800-1000 980-1080 920-1320 750-1550 1000-1350 1500-1521 1070-1550 1630

Table 3. Table

136, 212, 253, 181, 248 2 224 84 33 245 157 156 254 172 213 209 254 239 221 248 242, 126, 31,

23, , 182, 233, 226, 254, 256 209, 212 11, 39, 155, 11, 22, 50, 182, 40, 74, 122, 20, 56 50, 121, 129, 40, 122, 136, 33, 122, 172, 33, 144, 173, 155, 242, 247 155, 196, 212 118, 122, 136, 118, 40, 68, 70, 74, 155, 181, 182, 229, 130, 136, 196, 212, 229, 253, 122, 8, 63, 65, 102, 152, 175, 177, 187, 191, 1853) , Kieffer, 1904 Kieffer, (F. Low, 1889) Low, (F.

(Rubsaamen, 1889) (Schwagrichen, 1835) (Rubsaamen, 1891) (Bremi, 1847) 1893 (Rubsaamen, 1899) Mamaev & Dimitrova, 1998 , (Winnertz (Kieffer, 1897) (Kieffer, (Hardy, 1854) (Hardy, (Rubsaamen, 1899) (Rubsaamen, 1889) (Kieffer, 1888) (Kieffer,

(Kieffer, 1890) (Kieffer, Rubsaamen 191 (Kieffer, 1898) (Kieffer, Giard Kaltenbach, 1872 Kieffer, 1909 Kieffer,

(De Geer, 1776) (De Geer, andiola cavernosa Contarinia hypochoeridis Contarinia lamii Contarinia loti Contarinia nasturtii Contarinia petioli Contarinia quercicola Contarinia tiliarum Drisina glutinosa Harm Harmandiola globuli Harmandiola tremulae vaccinii Hygrodiplosis pustularis Macrodiplosis roboris Macrodiplosis Mycodiplosis gymnosporangii Mycodiplosis melampsorae varimezovi Pterepidosis Parallelodiplosis galliperda Putoniella pruni Thecodiplosis brachyntera trifolii Tricholaba The Dipterans (Insecta: Diptera) of the Vitosha Mountain 25 172 168 1 1 1 44 43 43 43 72 159 130 172 130 130 130 130 130 130 130 130 +++ 43. 44 43. 44 43, 44 43, 44 43, 44 55, 174 130, 129, 130 129, 130 129, 130 129, 130, hata e e e e e e e h h h tp tp wp cse cse des ena wcp sppt hnat hoes h, ba ? des eanna ? wpo tp, ? h e, i, hoes, ? tp wcp, ? dp eanna, ? tp see, ? em, mm ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ? ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● -2000 840 680 840 840 840 680 1550 1300 1330 1495 Continued. 500 700-1500 700-1500 680-1330 800-1350 900-2000 1800-2200 1 1000-2000 Table 3. Table 221 221 80 221 2 38 38 48 15 246 221 222 184 221 122 122 122 221 221 221 227 221 221 221 221 221 221 221 221 15, 48 50, 97, 207 208, 202, 204, 1921) , 1925) , 1776) 1904) , , 1955 1921) , , 1776) 1824) , , (Enderlein (De Geer (Knoz, 1961) 195 Grenier & Dorier, Tonnoir, 194 Tonnoir, (Enderlein (Lundstrom, 1911) Rubtsov (Rubtsov, 1959) (Rubtsov, Meigen, 1818 (Coquillett (Kirby, 1837) (Kirby, (Edwards (Fries (Serban, 1958) (Rubtsov, 1956 (Rubtsov, (Meigen, 1830) (Olivier, 1791) (Olivier, (Rubzov, 1956) (Rubzov, Friederichs, 1920 (De Geer Stephens, 1828 (Meigen, 1804) 1758 (Meigen, 1804) , Meigen, 1804 rufipes communis pullatus punctor fulvipes hirtipes latimucro petrosum tomosvaryi ) ) ) Ficalbi, 1889 ) ) ) ) ) ) codreanui Culicidae / 10 angustitarse brevidens carpathicum carthusiense costatum cryophilum latigonia Simuliidae / 35 Psychodidae / 2 Culicomorpha ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) hiemalis latipes Trichoceridae / 1 Trichoceridae Thaumaleidae / 1 ) claviger maculipennis plumbeus geniculatus ) pseudoexquisita ) ) ) ) Linnaeus Theobald, 1903 (Tonnoir, 1919) (Tonnoir, maculatum ) ) Ruthe, 1831 (Kieffer, 1896) (Kieffer, hortensis ) Ochlerotatus Ochlerotatus Ochlerotatus Finlaya Prosimulium Prosimulium Prosimulium Prosimulium Prosimulium Prosimulium pipiens theileri ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ) ) ( Trichocera Anopheles Anopheles Anopheles ( Pericoma ( ( ( Byssodon Hellichiella Nevermannia Nevermannia Nevermannia Nevermannia Nevermannia Nevermannia Nevermannia Nevermannia ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( Culex Culex Maillotia ( ( ( Zeuxidiplosis giardi manicata Berdeniella Pericoma Trichocera Anopheles Anopheles Anopheles Ochlerotatus Ochlerotatus Ochlerotatus Ochlerotatus Culex Culex Culex Thaumalea testacea Prosimulium Prosimulium Prosimulium Prosimulium Prosimulium Prosimulium Simulium Simulium Simulium Simulium Simulium Simulium Simulium Simulium Simulium Simulium 26 Zdravko Hubenov 52 130 130 130 130 130 130 130 130 130 130 130 130 130 130 130 201 188 201 201 158 172 172 158 168 172 172 129, 130 129, 130 129, 130 129, 130 e e h h h h tp tp tp po hn wp ena ean ena spo hno csee wces ewca h, bm mwca ? csena tp, ? dp e, ? ena e, ? wes hop, ? h wes, ? h ena ? dp hoes, ? h tp, ? hoes ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 800 800 800 720 2050 Continued. 900-910 770-830 680-810 900-1100 900-1000 900-1800 700-1500 840-1500 1100-1130 Table 3. Table 50, 221 221 221 252 16 79 16 221 221 221 221 221 221 221 221 221 221 221 221 221 221 221 221 122 122 122 228 230 122 203, 203, 203, 254, 256 227, 228 226, 77, 78, 222, 39, 40, 42, 1922) , 1833) , (De Geer, 1776) (De Geer, (Winnertz, 1852) (Winnertz, (Linnaeus, 1767) Strobl, 1898 1824 , Seguy, 1921 Seguy, (Linnaeus, 1758) Meigen, 1804 (Kieffer, 1906) (Kieffer, (Santos Abreu (Enderlein, 1924) Stone & Jamnback, 1955 Curtis, 1839 (Kieffer, 1911) (Kieffer, (Guerin Meigen 183 Meigen, 1818 Meigen, 1818 (Lundstrom, 1911) Smart, 1944 Fries Friederichs, 192) (Knoz, 1961) sericata Meigen, 1818 Friederichs, 1920 ) (Linnaeus, 1758) bipunctata (Corti, 1914 plumosus riparius ) (Fabricius, 1781) ) ) algarum festivellus Chironomidae / 8 Chironomidae ) ) aureum velutinum erythrocephalum flavifrons ) ) ) auricoma ) Ceratopogonidae / 4 Xylophagomorpha balcanicum pseudequinum ) noelleri verecundum argenteostriatum argyreatum baracorne bezzii maximum monticola ornatum reptans trifasciatum tuberosum variegatum ) ) Goetghebuer, 1939 Goetghebuer, ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) (Meigen, 1804) Kieffer, 1921 Kieffer, Forcipomyia Chironomus Chironomus ( BRACHYCERA ORTHORRHAPHA BRACHYCERA (Kieffer, 1909) (Kieffer, Cricotopus Cricotopus ( ( Dasyhelea Pseudoculicoides ( ( ( ( Eusimulium Eusimulium Wilhelmia Wilhelmia Boophthora Obuchovia Simulium Simulium Simulium Simulium Simulium Simulium Simulium Simulium Simulium Simulium Simulium Simulium Simulium ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( Simulium Simulium Simulium Simulium Simulium Simulium Simulium Simulium Simulium Simulium Simulium Simulium Simulium Simulium Simulium Simulium Simulium Simulium Simulium Palpomyia flavipes Dasyhelea Dasyhelea Forcipomyia Brillia longifurca Brillia bifida Cricotopus Cricotopus Eukiefferiella similis Chironomus Chironomus sticticus Stictochironomus The Dipterans (Insecta: Diptera) of the Vitosha Mountain 27 168 168, 168 168, 179 179 63 63 168 63 63 63 3 165, 179 167 179 179 179 167 179 168 175 168 63, 165 165 63, 63, 63, 3, 3, 167 46, 46, 46, 46, 46, 167, 168 168, 175, 167, 168 167, 168 167, 168 165, 63, 46, 46, 46, 46, 46, hop , h wces e e e e e e e h et tp tp wp wp cse mit wes wes wes wcp csee hoes ? wp h, ? i des tp, ? hp tp, ? e, ? hoes. ? tp hoes, ? tp tp, ? hoes ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● -950 1090 Continued. 770-830 870-880 770-830 890-950 770-880 770-830 770-950 770-880 870-880 890-950 890-950 870 870-880 870-880 780-1000 780-1000 780-1000 150-1250 770-1250 Table 3. Table 223 223 , 223 122 122 221 41 80 80 86 80 221 221 221 122 122 223 122 239, 244 221 221 223 221 221 223 221 122,

41, 41, 80, 221 80, 80, 75, 221 80, 221 239, 244 80, 80, 221 122, 1758) , (Linnaeus, 1758) 1909) , (Linnaeus 1820) 1758) , , 1758 , 1820 , Tabanidae / 21 Tabanidae Athericidae / 2 Rhagionidae / 5 Tabanomorpha Xylophagidae /1 (Verrall Meigen, 1820 (Meigen, 1820) pantherinus Stratiomyidae / 10 (Zetterstedt, 1842) ) Stratiomyomorpha Zetterstedt, 1842 (Fabricius, 1775) caecutiens (Scopoli, 1763) (Fabricius, 1775) ) (Meigen Linnaeus, 1761 (Linnaeus, 1758) Meigen, 1804 (Linnaeus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Loew, 1858) (Loew, Meigen (Linnaeus, 1758) Linnaeus (Fabricius, 1781) Meigen, 1804 Fabricius 1794 (Scopoli, 1763) Meigen, 1822 (Meigen, 1804) (Meigen, 1822) (Linnaeus, 1767) Dale, 1841 Nemotelus (Fabricus, 1798) ( Chrysops ( Xylophagus ater Beris clavipes Beris morrisii formosa Chloromyia cuprarius Sargus flavipes Sargus iridatus Sargus Oplodontha viridula Lasiopa calva Nemotelus Eupachygaster tarsalis Chrysopilus cristatus Chrysopilus splendidus Rhagio conspicuus Rhagio scolopaceus Rhagio tringarius Atherix ibis Ibisia marginata Chrysops Atylotus fulvus Hybomitra distinguenda Hybomitra montana Hybomitra pilosa Hybomitra tropica autumnalis Tabanus bromius Tabanus cordiger Tabanus lunatus Tabanus maculicornis Tabanus quatuornotatus Tabanus 28 Zdravko Hubenov 165 168 168, 46 63 94 95 95 165 165 165 268 168 168 168 168 168 168 168 168 168 168 168 168 168 168 168 168 168 63, 63, 63, 46, 63, 95, 168 167, 168 46, 46, 46, 95, 167, 168 wcp e e e e h wp tp tp ho po wp wp cse nm wes wes wcp wcp esca ? ? mit csean ? wes eanna eanna eanna mwca ? hoes ? csean Ebg, Er sp, ? wcp wp, ? eit, ? eswa ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 950 1500 1020 1500 Continued. 870-950 890-950 770-830 890-950 770-830 870-880 770-880 770-830 890-950 890-950 870-980 770-830 870-880 680- 800-1000 780-1000 780-1000 780-1000 Table 3. Table , 80, 223 223 221 223 221 85 80 , 9 221 223 221 221 122 221 221 221 221 122 221 223 221 223 122 221 221 223 221 221 , 20, 122, 75, 41, 80, 223 80, 221 80, 221 221 122, 221, 223 221 48, 80, 221 80, 41, 122, 41, 122, 1758 , Wiedemann in Meigen, 1820 Wiedemann Meigen, 1820 1781) , Mikan, 1796 Mikan, 1798 1758) , 1758) Linnaeus , 1859 Asilidae / 22 Wahlberg, 1848 Wahlberg, , Therevidae / 2 Therevidae Bombyliidae / 13 (Meigen, 1804) discolor fimbriatus fulvescens major venosus (Linnaeus, 1758) ) ) ) ) ) (Fabricius, 1789) (Fabricius, 1794) (Fabricius (Meigen, 1820) Meigen, 1820 (Meigen, 1820) Meigen, 1804 Gobert, 1880 Meigen, 1820 Egger (Fabricius, 1794) Loew, 1858 Loew, (Linnaeus (Fabricius, 1781) Meigen, 1820 Loew, 1844 Loew, (Linnaeus Hradsky & Moucha, 1964 (Meigen, 1820) (Panzer, 1794) (Panzer, Meigen, 1830 (Scopoli, 1763) Loew, 1858 Loew, (Linnaeus, 1761) Bombylius Bombylius Bombylius Bombylius Bombylius ( ( ( ( ( Tabanus rectus Tabanus spectabilis Tabanus spodopterus Tabanus tergestinus Tabanus Haematopota bigoti Haematopota crassicornis Haematopota italica Haematopota pluvialis Philipomyia graeca Anastoechus nitidulus Bombylella atra Bombylius Bombylius Bombylius Bombylius Bombylius pictus Triplasius Conophorus virescens Spogostylum isis capucina Exoprosopa Hemipenthes morio Hemipenthes velutina cinifera Thereva marginula Thereva Choerades fimbriata Laphria ephippium Laphria flava Dioctria bulgarica Dioctria flavipennis Dioctria harcyniae Dioctria oelandica Leptarthrus brevirostris The Dipterans (Insecta: Diptera) of the Vitosha Mountain 29 94 25 25 25 50 25 25 25 25 25 25 71 168 168 168 168 168 168 168 168 168 168 168 168 168 25, 168 25, 168 167, 168 167, 168 167, 168 167, 168 167, 168 95, 167, 168 95, 167, 168 e e e e e e e e e e e e e tp tp tp ? e ? h cse cse cse cse cse des hop wes wes wes ? wp eswa ewca ? wes e, ? cse ? csena ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 950 950 1900 1250 1300 1600 1750 Continued. 770-880 870-880 770- 870-880 770-830 950-980 770-950 770-830 870-880 770-830 890-950 890-950 870- 950-980 950-980 780-1000 950-1250 650-1800 1250-1350 1070-1080 1070-1080 1070-1080

Table 3. Table , , 221 244 221 221 ,

221 223 221 244 223

80 20 20 10 20 223 221 223 221 122 221 221 221 221 223 223 244 221 221 162 148 148 148 125 80, 122, 122, 80, 221 80, 221 20, 80, 122, 122, 122, 41, 80, 50, 221 80, 124, 125, 192 1794 1820) , , Meigen, 1822 n, 1816 n, 1816 é 1820) , é 1820) , Egger, 1860 Egger, Fabricius, 1781 (Meigen Fabricius Fall Fall Meigen, 1838 Loew, 1867 Loew, Empididae / 29 Meigen, 1804 Linnaeus, 1758 Linnaeus, 1758 (Meigen, 1820) Zetterstedt, 1842 1854) (Loew, Fabricius, 1794 (Meigen, 1820) Loew, 1847 Loew, bistortae (De Geer, 1776) (De Geer, fallax Loew, 1867 Loew, Meigen, 1822 ) ) Loew, 1867 Loew, (Meigen n, 1816) (Fabricius, 1781) Collin, 1927 (Meigen (Meigen, 1820) é (Loew, 1854) (Loew, (Meigen, 1820) grisea maculata rustica livida ) ) ) ) tessellata ) Wiedemann in Meigen, 1822 Wiedemann (Fabricius, 1794) (Fallen, 1816) aestiva caudatula chioptera decora nigripes pennipes pilosa rufiventris Scopoli, 1763 ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) (Fall stylifer

Euempis Polyblepharis Kritempis Leptempis Leptempis Leptempis Anacrostichus Empis Empis Empis Empis Empis Empis Empis Empis ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( Leptogaster cylindrica Leptogaster guttiventris Leptogaster pubicornis Didysmachus picipes Dysmachus fuscipennis Dysmachus praemorsus Dysmachus cingulatus Tolmerus Erax barbatus Eutolmus rufibarbis Machimus rusticus Neomochtherus pallipes Neomochtherus geniculatus Philonicus albiceps Hilara chorica Hilara fuscipes Hilara litorea Hilara pruinosa Hilara subpollinosa Empis Empis Empis Empis Empis Empis Empis Empis Empis Empis Empis Empis Empis Empis Empis 30 Zdravko Hubenov 25 25 25 71 71 25 25 51 25 51 25 25 51 51 20 20 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 60 168 168 168 138, 140 138, 140 e e e e e e e e e e e e h h tp po po ? h ess cse cse cse cse des des des ean hno wes wces po, ? hoes ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 940 1075 1750 1750 1800 1700 1700 1700 Continued. 870-880 950-980 770-830 770-830 650-900 650-900 950-980 770-830 950-980 950-980 950-980 950-980 950-1050 950-1050 950-1200 940-2020 1600-1800 1540-1550 Table 3. Table 239 239 243 80 20 20 20 20 20 20 19 32 117 113 113 113 122 122 125 125 124 221 221 221 192 192 221 221 122 10, 124 20, 20, 20, 14, 32, 67, 216 Zetterstedt, 1849 2 Strobl 1898 (Meigen, 1804) (203) simplex ) Strobl, 1902 Wiedemann in Meigen, 182 Wiedemann siebecki sulcata Wiedemann in Meigen, 1822 Wiedemann ) ) Meigen, 1804 Meigen, 1804 Aschiza (Linnaeus, 1767) Hybotidae / 5 (Collin, 1926) Wahlberg, 1850 Wahlberg, (Meigen, 1804) Stannius, 1831 n, 1816) Microphoridae / 2 Microphoridae Meigen, 1825 (Raddatz, 1873) Phoridae / 38 Dolichopodidae / 13 é impennis volucris (Linnaeus, 1758) (Verrall, 1877) (Verrall, Collin, 192 ) ) Meigen, 1824 (Scopoli, 1783) (Meigen, 1824) Zetterstedt, 1852 punctata trigramma Meigen, 1824 (Becker, 1907) (Becker, (Loew, 1857) (Loew, ) ) Stæger, 1842 Stæger, (Zetterstedt, 1842) nigritarsis Kowarz, 1877 Schmitz, 1950 (Zetterstedt, 1842) ) (Fall Rhamphomyia Rhamphomyia Pararhamphomyia ( ( ( woodi ) BRACHYCERA CYCLORRHAPHA BRACHYCERA Empis Coptophlebia Coptophlebia Xanthempis Xanthempis Lissempis ( ( ( ( ( ( Empis Empis Empis Empis Empis Empis Rhamphomyia Rhamphomyia Rhamphomyia Bicellaria spuria Bicellaria sulcata Platypalpus excisus Platypalpus major Platypalpus pallidicornis anomalus Microphor holosericeus Microphor Oncopygius distans tumidulus Telmaturgus Poecilobothrus nobilitatus Dolichopus arbustorum Dolichopus argyrotarsis Dolichopus campestris Dolichopus lepidus Dolichopus litorellus Dolichopus pennatus Dolichopus plumipes Dolichopus simplex Dolichopus ungulatus Medetera pinicola Aenigmatias franzi Aenigmatias lubbockii The Dipterans (Insecta: Diptera) of the Vitosha Mountain 31 141 27 27 141 141 141 141 141 27, 138 27, 138 27, 138 27, 138 138, 141 138, 141 138, 141 138, 141 138, 139 138, 139 138, 138, 141 138, 141 138, 139 138, 141 138, 141 27, 138, 141 138, 139, 141 e e e e e e e e e e e h h h h h h h k sk hn ? e des csee csee ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 940 900 900 1500 1000 1000 Continued. 940-954 940-954 820-992 820-940 900-1118 954-1120 940-1600 940-1360 820-1360 940-1006 940-1900 820-2150 820-1270 900-1360 940-1006 1006-1120 1040-2020 1200-1270 1270-2150 Table 3. Table 193 128, 87 73 167 32 21 21 32 110 216 132 170 193 89, 91 167 168 251 167 32, 1, 1, 32 24, 26 32, 167, 90, 91 32, 32, 193 114, 1, 167, 251 142, 216 7, 25, 114, 7, 25, 114, 7, 32, 114, 26, 32, 60, 29, 89, 32, 105, 114, 32, 105, 114, 114, 132, 163, 114, 1, 32, 34, 114, 132, 167, 114, 6, 25, 44, 104, 1, 6, 7, 21, 25, 126, 136, 167, 128, 132, 142, 193, 218, 241, 25, 32, 35, 193 (Strobl, 1892) (Strobl, 1906) (Schmitz, 1949) (Schmitz, 1927) Schmitz, 1939 robl, 1898) Schmitz, 1920 (Wood, 1912) (Wood, Schmitz, 1934 (Meigen, 1830) (Wood, 1909) (Wood, (Lundbeck, 1920) (Meigen, 1830) (Meigen, 1830) (Wood, 1910) (Wood, (St (Wood, 1909) (Wood, (Meigen, 1804) (Wood, 1909) (Wood, 1866) (Loew, (Schmitz, 1924) (Meigen, 1830) (Meigen, 1804) (Haliday, 1833) (Haliday, (Wood, 1909) (Wood, (Meigen, 1830) Anevrina thoracica irregularis Borophaga erythronota Chaetopleurophora Conicera dauci Diplonevra amphichaeta Diplonevra funebris Diplonevra lophochaeta Gymnophora arcuata Gymnophora integralis Megaselia albocingulata Megaselia angusta Megaselia brevior Megaselia breviterga Megaselia fusca Megaselia halterata Megaselia largifrontalis Megaselia pleuralis Megaselia posticata Megaselia pusilla Megaselia ruficornis Megaselia rufipes Megaselia scalaris Megaselia subtumida Megaselia tenebricola Metopina galeata 32 Zdravko Hubenov , 139 138 138 138 138 138 138 138 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 28 168 168 +++ 3, 28 , 139, 141 4, 27, 27, 27, 27, 27, 27, 138, 141 138, 141 27, 138, 141 138 36, 91, e e e e e e e e e e h h tp ho ho ho des des hna poa hoes cse, ? e e, ? cse ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 1150 1075 1300 Continued. 750-940 770-830 870-880 940-1118 940-2200 820-1650 820-1750 850-1270 900-1270 940-2280 964-1650 1270-1550 1080-1360 1500-1600

Table 3. Table

65, 193 183, 167 113, 221 221 39, 43 80 211 214 132 221 221 221 242 221 221 221 221 246 88, 114, 132 114, 117, 168, 251 122, 32, 26, 42, 88 24, 25, 25, 25, 105, 114 96, 110, 114, 114, 96, 110, 67, 109, 114, 67, 109, 114, 7, 21, 32, 64, 67, 104, 105, 18, 104, 105, 7, 25, 32, 90, 114, 167, 90, 114, 142 106, 114, 106, 169, 32, 52, 87, 89, 17, 32, 45, 46, 132, 167, 193, 46, 54, 55, 96, 141, 142, 143, 169, 176, (Egger, 1860) (Egger, n, 1810 é furcata ) 1776) Fall , (Meigen, 1824) (Fallén, 1817) (Kertész, 1907) (Mik, 1864) Syrphidae / 130 Pipunculidae / 7 (Meigen, 1824) aeneus (van der Goot, 1960) (Zetterstedt, 1849) ) Latreille, 1805 (Strobl, 1892) (Meigen, 1822) Becker, 1898 Becker, (De Geer (Becker, 1901) (Becker, Schmitz, 1943 (Strobl, 1910) (Meigen, 1830) (Schmitz, 1918) (Wingate, 1906) (Wingate, Cephalosphaera (Wood, 1907) (Wood, ( (Meigen, 1830) (Schmitz, 1918) Cephalops ( Pipunculus campestris Pipunculus thomsoni Cephalosphaera Cephalops coquilletti Tomosvaryella geniculata Tomosvaryella sylvatica Tomosvaryella Dasysyrphus albostriatus Dasysyrphus friuliensis Dasysyrphus venustus ochrostoma Epistrophe Episyrphus balteatus Spiniphora bergenstammi antricola Triphleba autumnalis Triphleba bicornuta Triphleba distinguenda Triphleba dudai Triphleba gracilis Triphleba hyalinata Triphleba inaequalis Triphleba opaca Triphleba papillata Triphleba The Dipterans (Insecta: Diptera) of the Vitosha Mountain 33 4 4 65 4 4 4 4 4 65 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 168 168 168 168 168 168 168 65 168 168 168 168 168 168 2, 4 168 168 168 +++ 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, e e h h h h h h h h h h tp tp tp tp tp se dp ho ho ho po ho ho ho po ho ho wp des wes esca ppta wces weswca weswca ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 800 Continued. 870-880 870-880 870-880 770-830 870-880 870-880 890-950 780-1000 780-1000 780-1000 780-1000 780-1080 780-1000 780-1000 1200-1300 Table 3. Table 225 221 221 221 221 221 246 80 221 221 80 80 41 41 221 221 221 221 221 221 221 221 221 221 221 221 221 221 221 123 80, 221 221 221 221 221 221 41, 41, 80, 80, 41, 80, 70, 41, 122, 221, 223 41, 1776) , 1829) , 1822) 1952) , , 1817) 1822) , , (De Geer, 1776) (De Geer, Curtis, 1837 (Harris, 1776) 1841 , 1758) 1817) , n, 1817) , (De Geer (Meigen, 1822) é Becker, 1921 Becker, n (Collin (Linnaeus, 1758 (Meigen, 1822) (Fabricius, 1781) (Linnaeus, 1758) é (Fallén (Meigen (Macquart (Linnaeus, 1758) (Linnaeus, 1758) Loew (Meigen Collin, 1940 (Meigen, 1822) Loew, 1841 Loew, (Zetterstedt, 1843) (Harris, 1776) (Zetterstedt, 1838) (Zetterstedt, 1819) (Schummel, 1836) (Fall Meigen, 1822 (Fabricius, 1794) (Fall (Meigen, 1822) (Meigen, 1822) (Fabricius, 1775) (Zetterstedt, 1843) (Linnaeus (Linnaeus, 1758) Osten-Sacken, 1875 Meligramma cincta Meliscaeva auricollis Eupeodes lapponicus Eupeodes corollae Eupeodes latifasciatus Eupeodes luniger Eupeodes nitens Parasyrphus lineolus Parasyrphus malinellus Scaeva pyrastri Scaeva selenitica philantha Sphaerophoria scripta Sphaerophoria taeniata Sphaerophoria Syrphus ribesii Syrphus torvus Syrphus vitripennis Xanthogramma citrofasciatum Xanthogramma pedissequum Baccha elongata Chrysotoxum bicinctum Chrysotoxum cautum Chrysotoxum elegans Chrysotoxum fasciolatum Chrysotoxum festivum Chrysotoxum impressum Chrysotoxum lineare Chrysotoxum octomaculatum Chrysotoxum vernale Chrysotoxum verralli Melanostoma mellinum Platycheirus albimanus Platycheirus ambiguus Platycheirus clypeatus Platycheirus scutatus Platycheirus tarsalis Paragus albifrons 34 Zdravko Hubenov 65 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 65 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 168 65, 65 65 168 65 65 168 168 168 168 168 168 168 168 168 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 65, e e e e e e e e h h h h h tp tp ho po ? e cse cse des des ? tp wes wes wcp wcp esca esca hoes hoes wces wces wesca e, ? cse wces, ? des hoes, ? esca ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 1080 800 800 1080 1080 1080 Continued. 890-950 770-830 870-880 770-830 770-830 770-880 770-830 870-880 800-850 870-1000 770- Table 3. Table 80 225 221 221 221 122 80 225 221 123 221 221 223 122 221 225 122 122 221 221 122 225 221 221 221 221 221 221 221 221 221 221 221 221 221 221 221 122,

80, 80, 42, 123, 20, 41, 80, 1843) , 1894) , 1838) 1894) , , , 1798) 1780) 1794) 1860 1822) 1822) , , , , , 1857 , n, 1817) (Panzer, 1804) (Panzer, Loew, 1840 Loew, (Becker é Panzer Egger (Zetterstedt (Delucchi & Pschorn-Walcher, 1955) (Delucchi & Pschorn-Walcher, ( (Becker (Meigen, 1822) (Becker, 1894) (Becker, (Fallén, 1817) (Harris (Becker, 1894) (Becker, Loew, 1840 Loew, (Becker, 1894) (Becker, Egger, 1860 Egger, Loew, 1857 Loew, (Zetterstedt, 1843) Meigen, 1822 1857 Loew, Loew Meigen, 1838 (Meigen, 1822) (Meigen (Meigen (Meigen, 1822) (Zetterstedt, 1843) (Fall (Fabricius (Linnaeus, 1758) (Zetterstedt (Fallén, 1817) Dufour, 1848 Dufour, (Zetterstedt, 1843) (Fabricius, 1805) (Fabricius, 1775) Meigen, 1822 sahlbergi variabilis

Paragus bicolor Paragus tibialis Heringia heringi Heringia pubescens Pipiza bimaculata Pipiza fasciata Pipiza lugubris Pipiza noctiluca Pipiza quadrimaculata Pipizella virens Cheilosia aerea Cheilosia albipila Cheilosia albitarsis Cheilosia antiqua Cheilosia barbata Cheilosia cynocephala Cheilosia frontalis Cheilosia gagatea Cheilosia grossa Cheilosia illustrata Cheilosia impressa Cheilosia melanopa Cheilosia melanura Cheilosia montana Cheilosia morio Cheilosia mutabilis Cheilosia pagana Cheilosia proxima Cheilosia rhynchops Cheilosia ruficollis Cheilosia rufimana Cheilosia ruralis Cheilosia Cheilosia semifasciata Cheilosia soror Cheilosia Cheilosia vulpina The Dipterans (Insecta: Diptera) of the Vitosha Mountain 35 179 168 65, 168 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 65, 168 168 168 168 65 168 168 168 168 168 168 168 179 168 65, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 168, 46, 4, 4, 46, 61, 62, 66 4, 46, 61, 62, 66 e e e e e e h h h tp tp se po ho po cse des ena ena wes wes wcp esca esca esca hom hoes ? wp csena seena ha, ? i cseean e, ? cse esca, ? tp hop , ? tp hoes,? esca csena, ? ena ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 1750 1080 1750 1080 1080 Continued. 870-880 870-880 770-830 800-850 800-850 870-880 770-830 870-880 800-1080 870-1080 780-1000 780-1000 Table 3. Table 221 221 221 225 80 80 42 42 41 41 221 221 221 221 221 221 221 221 221 221 221 221 221 221 221 221 221 221 221 221 225 122 221 225 221 221, 225 42, 80, 80, 122, 221, 225 80, (Harris, 1776)] E. lineata n, 1817) é 1758) 1810) , 1794) 1758) , , , 1758) , 1758) (Fall , 1758) , 1805 1817) 1816) , , , 1776) n, 1817) 1822 , , n 1858 1761) (Loew, 1843) (Loew, é , , 1838 é (Loew, 1843) (Loew, (Fallén , Loew, 1869 Loew, (Linnaeus, 1758) (Fabricius, 1781) (Linnaeus (Scopoli, 1763) (Scopoli, 1763) (Fabricius, 1775) (Linnaeus (Fabricius Paramonov, 1925 Paramonov, Meigen, 1822 (Linnaeus (Fall Loew, 1848 Loew, (De Geer, 1776) [ (De Geer, (Linnaeus Meigen, 1822 (Meigen, 1822) Egger, 1865 Egger, (Fallén (Fall (Fabricius, 1794) Egger (Poda Schummel, 1843 (Müller (Linnaeus, 1758) Meigen (Linnaeus Fabricius (Rossi, 1790) (Panzer, 1798) (Panzer, Meigen Ferdinandea cuprea Ferdinandea Rhingia rostrata bombylans Volucella pellucens Volucella zonaria Volucella Pipizella viduata Hammerschmidtia ferruginea Lejogaster metallina Lejogaster tarsata Orthonevra brevicornis Orthonevra nobilis Riponnensia longicornis Neoascia annexa Neoascia meticulosa Neoascia podagrica Sphegina clunipes Sphegina elegans Sphegina latifrons bombiforme Arctophila Sericomyia lappona Eumerus olivaceus Eumerus strigatus aeneus Merodon albifrons Merodon avidus Merodon caerulescens Merodon cinereus Merodon crymensis Merodon ruficornis Merodon rufus Merodon Psarus abdominalis Eristalis alpina Eristalis arbustorum Eristalis horticola Eristalis intricaria Eristalis jugorum Eristalis rupium 36 Zdravko Hubenov 168 179 168 168

67 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 168 65 168 168 168 67, 67, 67, 168 168 168 +++ 46, 4, 46, 46, 68 47, 168 3, 46, 47, 68 46, 46, 46, 3, 46, 67, 168 hop e e e k h h h h tp tp tp tp tp po po wp wp ean ? tp hop wcp hoes hoes hoes hoes eanit wces tp, ? hno, ? sk ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 800 1650 1020 1400 1080 Continued. 870-880 950-980 770-830 950-980 770-830 780-1000 870-1400 780-1000 800-1000 800-1000 960-1000 1000-1240 Table 3. Table 221

221 221 9 9 80 20 85 41 20 221 221 221 221 221 221 221 221 123 221 221 221 221 122 221 221 80, 91, 170 41, 61, 221 122, 225, 221 41, ) 1816) , 794 1805) 1758) 1 , , , 1761) 1775) , , 1758) Otitidae / 1 (Fallén 1767) , 1758) , Acalyptrata Linnaeus, 1758 Conopidae / 8 Schizophora Tephritidae / 9 Tephritidae , Lonchaeidae / 1 1758) (Fabricius, 1775) Micropezidae / 1 Micropezidae , 1817) , (Linnaeus, 1767) 1758) Platystomatidae / 1 1798) , , (Fabricius (Fabricius (Linnaeus

(Fabricius, 1794) (Harris, 1780) (Linnaeus, 1758) (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830) (Robineau-Desvoidy, (Linnaeus, 1758) flavipes (Linnaeus (Fabricius, 1781) (Fallen, 1816) (Fabricius (Linnaeus, 1761) ) (Macquart, 1842) (Linnaeus (Linnaeus (Fallén (Linnaeus, 1758) (Gmelin, 1790) Wiedemann, 1824 Wiedemann, (Linnaeus (Linnaeus, 1758) vittata (Panzer (Linnaeus (Linnaeus pendulus Conops ( Eristalis similis Eristalis tenax Helophilus Helophilus trivittatus Blera fallax asilica Criorhina Syritta pipiens Brachypalpus laphriformis Xylota ignava Xylota segnis Xylota sylvarum analis Microdon devius Microdon mutabilis Microdon corrigiolata Micropeza Conops Physocephala Myopa buccata Myopa occulta Myopa testacea Thecophora atra Sicus ferrugineus Dalmannia punctata Lonchaea chorea Seioptera vibrans Platystoma seminationis Anomoia purmunda jaceae Chaetorellia stictica Orellia The Dipterans (Insecta: Diptera) of the Vitosha Mountain 37 , 13 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 14 14 13 13 14 48 48 48 145 168 168 168 46, 68 46, 68 46, 68 12 46, 168 46, 168 46, 47, 68 e e e e e e e e e e h h h h h tp ho ho po ho wp see ena ena wcp csee wpo wces csean dp, ? tp wes, ? e tp, ? wcp ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 900 1100 1070 1300 1000 1200 Continued. 770-830 770-830 870-880 770-830 960-1000 960-1000 1300-1600 1250-2000 Table 3. Table 37 221 221 22 244 116 221 122 221 221 221 253 122 221 221 221 221 221 221 221 221 221 221 133 244 221 221 221 221 221 71, 8, 61, 221 61, 221 80, 122, ) (Strobl, 1909) (Hendel, 1920)

1967 , Hennig, 1938 (Loew, 1858 (Loew, Tanasijtshuk, 1958 Tanasijtshuk, labiatarum flavocingulata ) n, 1820 ) n, 1823 Spencer, 1973 Spencer, 1844) n, 1814) Tanasijtshuk, 1970 Tanasijtshuk, é , Sepsidae / 1 coronata transversa é (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830) (Robineau-Desvoidy, Beschovski, 1994 é ) ) 1844) 1823 Nowakowski , , Sciomyzidae / 2 1830 Dryomyzidae / 1 (Kaltenbach, 1856) , Agromyzidae / 19 Agromyzidae (Loew, 1844) (Loew, Chamaemyiidae / 6 Collin, 1966 (Fabricius, 1805) Hendel 1923 Fall Fallén, 1823 Fall Hering, 1927 Brischke, 1880 Kaltenbach, 1872 gliphinivora (Loew, 1853) (Loew, (Fall (Brischke, 1880) (Loew ) Hardy, 1853 Hardy, (Fabricius, 1794) Fallén (Loew (Meigen, 1830) Meigen, 1826 Euestelia Euestelia ( ( Meigen Cephalomyza Phytagromyza ( ( Leucopis ( Oxyna flavipennis Campiglossa absinthii Campiglossa tessellata Rhagoletis alternata Chaetostomella cylindrica vespertina Tephritis Parochthiphila Parochthiphila Chamaemyia subjuncorum Chamaemyia submontana Chamaemyia sylvatica Leucopis Dryomyza flaveola amoena Coremacera ferruginea Tetanocera Sepsis flavimana nana Agromyza idaeiana Agromyza pseudoreptans Agromyza reptans Agromyza Amauromyza Cerodontha Liriomyza centaureae Liriomyza puella similis Aulagromyza Pseudonapomyza europaea Phytomyza albipennis Phytomyza angelicae Phytomyza chaerophylli Phytomyza fallaciosa Phytomyza obscurella Phytomyza pastinacae 38 Zdravko Hubenov 6 6 6 24 24 24 24 24 24 16 64 22 22 22 22 7, 22 11, 22 11, 22 11, 17, 22 17, 22 17, 22 17, 22 17, 22 22, 23 22, 23 22, 23 15, 18, 22 e e e e e e e h h h h h h h h ha ena Ebg hata csee cseit hoes eswa wces ? hop mwca ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 50 50 18 18 1070 1240 1000 1000 Continued. 950-980 950-980 650-900 950-980 950-1150 750-1150 950-1150 650- 650-1500 780-1000 950-1300 950-1350 650- 650-2200 1830- 1000-1330 1000-1300 1000-1830 1000-1200 1550-2150 Table 3. Table 239 242 50 244 242 243 4 41 15 20 20 20 21 221 221 221 242 244 170 192 221 162, 9, 21 2, 63 20, 21, 192, 242 192, 242 192, 6, 21, 4, 63, 190, 4, 6, 20, 48, 133, 24, 15, 20, 117, 242 20, 117, 20, 116, 20, 22, 117, 192, 22, 117, 54, 162, 165, 117, 165, 192, 117, n, 1813) é Becker, 1910 Becker, (Meigen, 1838) Dely-Draskovits, 1981 Beschovski, 1977 n, 1823 (Fall (Loew, 1866) (Loew, é (Macquart, 1835) (Haliday, 1838) (Haliday, Spencer, 1957 Spencer, Carnidae / 3 Braulidae / 1 (Zetterstedt, 1848) Milichiidae / 1 vagans n, 1820 Opomyzidae / 6 Fall ) Chloropidae / 79 Chloropidae Periscelididae / 1 (Linnaeus, 1758) é (Fallén, 1820) Hendel, 1925 Hendel, 1927 Papp, 1977 Fallén, 1823 Collin, 1946 ingratus nigropilosus raptus tibialis

Collin, 1930 (Fallén, 1820) sabroskyi annulata

) ) ) ) ) ) Drake, 1992 Fall Hennig, 1948 (Fabricius, 1794) Mesnil, 193 Nitzsch, 1818 Myodris Dicraeus Dicraeus Dicraeus Dicraeus Dicraeus Paroedesiella ( ( ( ( ( ( ( Phytomyza sphondyliivora Phytomyza tetrasticha Phytomyza tussilaginis Opomyza florum Opomyza germinationis Opomyza petrei Opomyza punctella Geomyza martineki Geomyza tripunctata Periscelis Braula coeca Meoneura alpina Meoneura carpathica Meoneura flavifacies Phyllomyza securicornis Aphanotrigonum nigripes Aphanotrigonum parahastatum Conioscinella frontella Dicraeus Dicraeus Dicraeus Dicraeus Dicraeus Dicraeus Elachiptera cornuta Elachiptera diastema The Dipterans (Insecta: Diptera) of the Vitosha Mountain 39 22 22 22 22 18 22 11, 22 11, 18, 22 22, 23 22, 23 18, 22 22, 23 22, 23 22, 23 22, 23 18, 22 22, 23 22, 23 22, 23 22, 23 22, 23 22, 23 22, 23 22, 23 e e e e k h h wp cse eca des ena hop hop hop wes wes wes hoes hoes hoes ? wp wces ? eswa ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 1000 1000 1000 1200 Continued. 700-800 700-800 800-1100 700-2150 900-1200 650-1550 800-2150 950-1050 800-1820 900-1050 900-1840 800-1200 800-1200 940-1820 940-1000 1150-2150 1810-1840 1070-2190 1000-1800 Table 3. Table 239 116, 116, 116, 239

70 221 54 221 221 221 117 192 192 239 239 243 221 170 63,

6, 53, 32, 22, 139 20, 239 63, 242 21, 21, 24, 192, 192, 239 134, 239 235, 243 2, 20, 63, 72, 82, 20, 4, 8, 15, 20, 4, 6, 15, 20, 20, 116, 239 20, 116, 20, 243, 192 20, 116, 161, 20, 116, 192, 20, 116, 134, 21, 116, 134, 192, 116, 139, 161, 116, 6, 20, 71, 116, 6, 24, 32, 116, 165, 226, 236, 137, 161, 165, 161, 207, 221, (Loew, 1858) (Loew, (Meigen, 1838) Collin, 1946 (Macquart, 1835) Nartshuk, 1955 (Meigen, 1830) Balachovsky & Mesnil, 1935 (Curtis, 1845) (Fallén, 1820) (Meigen, 1830)

von Roser, 1840 von Roser, Nartshuk, 1955 (Strobl, 1900) (Meigen, 1838) (Macquart, 1835) cincta humeralis (Corti, 1909) (Thalhammer, 1898) (Thalhammer, (Linnaeus, 1758) (Strobl, 1901) ) ) (Duda, 1932) (Duda, 1933) (Latreille, 1805) (Meigen, 1830) alopecuri cariciphila frit maura nigerrima nitidissima phlei pusilla vastator ventricosi ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) (Meigen, 1830) Oscinella Oscinella Oscinella Oscinella Oscinella Oscinella Oscinella Oscinella Oscinella Oscinella Nartshukiella Nartshukiella ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( Elachiptera scrobiculata Elachiptera tuberculifera Incertella albipalpis Melanochaeta pubescens trigonella Microcercis Oscinella Oscinella Oscinella Oscinella Oscinella Oscinella Oscinella Oscinella Oscinella Oscinella Oscinimorpha arcuata Oscinimorpha minutissima Oscinisoma cognatum pygmaea Trachysiphonella ruficeps Trachysiphonella scutellata Trachysiphonella Tricimba Tricimba curvipennis Camarota 40 Zdravko Hubenov 22 23 22 22, 23 22, 23 22, 23 22, 23 22, 23 22, 23 22, 23 22, 23 22, 23 9, 11, 22 9, 11, 8, 22, 23 8, 22, 23 9, 11, 22, 23 9, 11, 22, 23 8, 11, 22, 23 8, 11, 10, 11, 22, 23 10, 11, e e e e h wes wcp wpn hoes hoes hoes wces wces wces wces wces wces ewca wesca ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 900 1000 1000 1000 Continued. 680-950 900-1100 900-1300 900-1500 900-1840 900-1900 900-1800 900-1700 900-1650 700-1900 800-2200 1000-1830 1000-1400 1000-1300

Table 3. Table

221, 235, 221, 221,

239 239 116 21 21 116 243 239 239 221 116, 161, 181, 190,

48, 181, 244 235, 221, 235 235, 239, 244 6, 21, 113, 6, 21, 113, 6, 21, 133, 21, 70, 116, 21, 221, 246 71, 113, 116, 116, 71, 113, 32, 116, 165, 32, 116, 4, 6, 21, 116, 161, 37, 116, 21, 192, 21, 116, 6, 15, 21, 37, 72, 181, 113, 221, 239 113, 133, 165, 244 221, 235, 244 207, 221, 239 116, 170, 221, 116, 134, 148, 181, 192, 179, 192, 221, 4, 21, 244, 254 Strobl, 1901 Meigen, 1830 (Bjerkander, 1778) (Bjerkander, Meigen, 1830 Becker, 1910 Becker, Meigen, 1830 Meigen, 1830 Meigen, 1830 Meigen, 1830) Loew, 1866) Loew, Becker, 1910 Becker, Loew, 1866 Loew, Meigen, 1830 Meigen, 1830 Loew, 1866 Loew, Loew, 1866 Loew, ( Strobl, 1902 ( Tonnoir, 1921 Tonnoir, Fallén, 1820) ( calceatus fasciatus finitimus geminatus hypostigma meigenii novakii ringens scalaris speciosus adjunctus anthracophagoideus gracilis pumilionis serenus ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) cereris elongatum myopinum neglectum ) ) ) ) Chlorops Chlorops Chlorops Chlorops Chlorops Chlorops Chlorops Chlorops Chlorops Chlorops Chlorops Chlorops Chlorops Chlorops Chlorops ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( Cetema Cetema Cetema Cetema ( ( ( ( Cetema Cetema Cetema Cetema Chlorops Chlorops Chlorops Chlorops Chlorops Chlorops Chlorops Chlorops Chlorops Chlorops Chlorops Chlorops Chlorops Chlorops Chlorops The Dipterans (Insecta: Diptera) of the Vitosha Mountain 41 22 22 22 22, 23 22, 23 22, 23 22, 23 22, 23 22, 23 22, 23 22, 23 22, 23 22, 23 22, 23 22, 23 22, 23 11, 22, 23 11, 9, 11, 22, 23 9, 11, 22, 23 9, 11, 22, 23 9, 11, e e e e e e e h h h tp ? e des wes csee wces wces wces eswa hoes, ? esca ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 840 1000 1200 1900 Continued. 680-800 900-2100 800-1250 600-1000 680-1200 680-2100 900-1550 800-1550 800-1880 680-2100 1000-1100 1000-1840 1000-1200 1000-1300 1000-1200 1000-1950

Table 3. Table

249 207, 235, 37, 221, 221, 235, 63, 161, 37, 221, 225 243 243

243 222 21, 221

21, 63, 32, 48, 21, 48, 254 244 243 221 221 243 221, 207 243 181, 37, 161, 221, 21, 192, 37, 147, 9, 42, 48 6, 21, 21, 221 15, 226, 243 204, 221, 221, 221, 221, 21, 4, 2, 15, 21, 4, 21, 71, 192, 48, 63, 21, 21, 21, 221, 243 72, 120, 147, 21, 192, 221, 4, 15, 226, 235, 243 207, 161, 181, 219, 226, 239, 192, 221, 120, 133, 147, 161, 192, 120, Fedoseeva, 1974 Macquart, 1835 Fedoseeva, 1960 Fedoseeva, 1960 Fedoseeva, 1962 Meigen 1830 Macquart, 1835 Fedoseeva, 1960 Péterfi, 1961 Fedoseeva, 1974 (Zetterstedt, 1848) (Linnaeus, 1761) Nartshuk, 2006 Peterfi, 1961 1817) (Wiedemann, Fallén, 1820) Fedoseeva, 1962 ( Dely-Draskovits, 1977 athletica bohemica femorata meigeni nigriseta nigriventris pluriseta rohdendorfi rufa saltatrix triangulina zahvatkini obtusa ornata ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) troglodytes ) (Fallén, 1820) (Guérin-Méneville, 1843) Meromyza Meromyza Meromyza Meromyza Meromyza Meromyza Meromyza Meromyza Meromyza Meromyza Meromyza Meromyza Meromyza Meromyza ( ( Chlorops ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( Chlorops Diplotoxa messoria Lasiosina brevisurstylata Lasiosina herpini Meromyza Meromyza Meromyza Meromyza Meromyza Meromyza Meromyza Meromyza Meromyza Meromyza Meromyza Meromyza Meromyza variegata (Meromyza) Meromyza Meromyza longicornis Parectecephala 42 Zdravko Hubenov 22 36 36 29 29 29 29 30 31 22, 23 22, 23 22, 23 19, 29 19, 29 19, 30 19, 30 19, 30 19, 30 19, 32 19, 31 19, 93 19, 31 19, 31 11, 22, 23 11, e e e e e e h h sk dp pat wp ppt des ena ena hop wcp esca hnat wces h, ? hn wp, ? ena et, ? ewca ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 992 1100 1200 1300 1000 1000 1000 1000 Continued. 700-950 680-800 700-900 700-900 950-1100 700-1200 800-1830 940-1840 800-1300 800-1840 700-1350 700-1300 1100-2100 1000-1100 1000-1150 1000-1050

, Table 3. Table

, 192, 243,

, 179 239

221 87 24 71 21 21 117 243 239 217 254 192 239 221 132, 179 21, 192, 221, 236, 21, 192, 42, 48 32, 120, 20, 21, 221 236, 243 239, 241 192, 243 192, 239 221, 192, 221 236, 239 4, 6, 4, 6, 34, 70, 15, 21, 117, 221 21, 117, 21, 192, 221, 71, 6, 24, 63, 70, 21, 221, 236, 117, 179 117, 134, 161, 117, 117, 221, 226, 236, 188, (Linnaeus, 1758) n, 1813) (Collin, 1943) é Andersson, 1966 (Zetterstedt, 1846) n, 1823 Ephydridae / 29 serrata Heleomyzidae / 2 ) é (Meigen, 1830) (Meigen, 1830) (Meigen, 1830) Collin, 1966 (Fall Stenhammar, 1844 Stenhammar, Nartshuk, 1970 (Meigen, 1830) (Macquart, 1835) (Meigen, 1830) Fall Loew, 1860 Loew, (Stenhammar, 1844) (Stenhammar, Fallén, 1813) (

Stenhammar, 1844 Stenhammar, (Meigen, 1830) (Fallén, 1813)

Meigen, 1838 (Macquart, 1835) (Fallén, 1813) Heleomyza ( Thaumatomyia glabra Thaumatomyia hallandica Thaumatomyia notata Thaumatomyia rufa pubescens Trichieurina Heleomyza rotundicornis Heteromyza Psilopa marginella Psilopa nigritella Psilopa nitidula Psilopa obscuripes Psilopa polita Psilopa stackelbergi albilabris Hydrellia griseola Hydrelia maura Hydrelia subalbiceps Hydrellia Notiphila nigricornis Hecamedoides unispinosus Nostima picta Philygria femorata Philygria interstincta Philygria posticata Philygria stictica The Dipterans (Insecta: Diptera) of the Vitosha Mountain 43 33 33 33 168 168 145 168 168 145 168 145 168 145 168 143 143 +++ +++ 19, 31 19, 31 19, 33 19, 33 19, 33 19, 33 19, 33 19, 33 19, 33 e e h h h k h h h k et tp hat hat cse poa wes wcp ppta hptn hptn dp ? h e, ? des tp, ? hop des, ? dp ena, ? wp ena, ? wp ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 1000 1200 1200 1300 Continued. 770-830 770-830 770-830 870-880 800-1800 900-1810 800-2000 800-2200 780-1000 780-1000 1000-1100 1000-1100 1000-1100 1000-1245 1200-2000 1000-1870 1200-1400 1400-1420 1400-1420 1400-1420 1400-1420

Table 3. Table 221 64, 137,

, 221 239 221 192 24 24 71 80 41 41 33 122 254 221 254 122 254 254 221

179, 113, 138, 161, 6, 21, 22 21, 22 21, 22 24, 189 70, 249 221, 239 192, 126, 179 138, 192, 236 122, 21, 21, 93, 113, 21, 93, 113, 21, 4, 6, 21, 117, 161, 117, / 2 / 53 Duda, 1942 (Haliday, 1833) (Haliday, Collin, 1930 (Fallén, 1813) (Meigen, 1830) (Meigen, 1830) Loew, 1860 Loew, Calyptrata Fanniidae fossarum Muscidae obliterata (Linnaeus, 1758) ) ) (Haliday, 1833) (Haliday, Anthomyiidae / 9 (Meigen, 1826) Hippoboscidae / 2 n, 1823) Scathophagidae / 2 é (Harris, 1780) (Strobl, 1893) (Zetterstedt, 1838) (Linnaeus, 1758) coarctata cognata Linnaeus 1758 (Linnaeus, 1758) (Fallén, 1813) (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830) (Robineau-Desvoidy, (Linnaeus, 1761) tenuicosta littoralis paludum (Fabricius, 1805) ) ) ) ) ) (Fall (Fallén, 1813) (Fabricius, 1794) (Zetterstedt, 1845) Papp, 1974 (Meigen, 1826) Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 Robineau-Desvoidy, Chaetoapnaea Chaetoapnaea Parydra Parydra Parydra Scatella Scatella ( ( ( ( ( (

( Philygria vittipennis Hyadina guttata Pelina similis Parydra Parydra Parydra Parydra Parydra Limnellia quadrata sibilans Lamproscatella Scatella Scatella Hippobosca equina Melophagus ovinus albilabris Phrosia Scathophaga stercoraria coerulescens Paregle Anthomyia pluvialis Calythea nigricans Delia cardui Delia florilega Egle parva lancifer Hydrophoria linogrisea Hydrophoria Hylemya variata Fannia canicularis Fannia scalaris 44 Zdravko Hubenov 148 168 179 168 +++ , , 148 , 148 , 143 143 144 148 148 148 144 148 146 168 148 148 147 168 168 143 179 168 143 168 148 168, 200a 146 144, 148 144, 148 144, 148 144, 148 148, 168, 143, 179 148, 147 146 149 144, 200a 168, 200a 147, 200a 148, h k h h k k h h h h tp tp tp tp eit ho po po wp wp hpt ppt des hno wes wcp hoes hoes hoes ? wp wesit wesan esanca esanca h, ? ho se, ? m wesanca ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 1900 1590 1590 Continued. 770-830 770-830 770-830 770-880 870-880 780-1000 780-1000 900-2000 800-1840 800-2200 770-1000 780-1000 780-1000 600-1000 800-1600 800-1800 1810-1840 1500-2000 1400-1420 1200-2000 1590-1840 1590-1840 1400-1420 1810-1840 1000-1250 1300-1800 1810-1840 1810-1840 Table 3. Table 254 221 221 254 221 6 6 122 221 6 6 41 41 41 16 221 80 221 221 221 221 122 221 221 221 221 221 122 221 221 221 221 6, 41 6, 199 6, 199 21, 68 9, 80, 41, 122 41, 221, 199, 199, 221, 122, Schnabl & Dziedzicki, 1911 (Linnaeus, 1758) (Wiedemann, 1817) (Wiedemann, (Egger, 1865) (Egger, (Linnaeus, 1758) (Meigen, 1826) Stein, 1899 Stein, 1899 (Stein, 1916) (Linnaeus, 1758) (Zetterstedt, 1838) (Fabricius, 1805) (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830) (Robineau-Desvoidy, (Zetterstedt, 1838) (Fallén, 1817) (Scopoli, 1763) (Zetterstedt, 1838) (Meigen, 1826) 1776 De Geer, (Zetterstedt, 1845) Fallén, 1817 Meade, 1887 Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 Robineau-Desvoidy, (Rondani, 1871) (Meigen, 1826) Linnaeus, 1758 (Loew, 1857) (Loew, (Fabricius, 1787) (Harris, 1780) (Wiedemann, 1817) (Wiedemann, (Wiedemann, 1817) (Wiedemann, (Meigen, 1826) Michelsen, 1977 (Harris, 1780) Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 Robineau-Desvoidy, (Zetterstedt, 1838) (Meigen, 1826) Muscina levida Muscina stabulans Azelia triquetra Thricops aculeipes Thricops cunctans Thricops genarum Thricops longipes Thricops nigrifrons Thricops nigritellus Thricops semicinereus Drymeia alpicola Drymeia fasciculata Drymeia vicana borussica Hydrotaea dentipes Hydrotaea meteorica Hydrotaea pandellei Hydrotaea similis Hydrotaea Potamia littoralis Mesembrina meridiana Musca autumnalis Musca domestica Musca tempestiva simplex Morellia vivida Pyrellia Dasyphora penicillata Dasyphora pratorum Stomoxys calcitrans Phaonia angelicae Phaonia errans Phaonia falleni Phaonia incana Phaonia lugubris Phaonia pallida Phaonia serva Helina annosa Helina calceataeformis The Dipterans (Insecta: Diptera) of the Vitosha Mountain 45 168 168 168 , 148 , 148 1 168 168 70 70 116 116 148 168 148 168 148 168 168 168 131 168 168 +++ +++ 1489 116, 117 116, 70, 70, 116, 117 116, 117 116, 117 116, 117 116, 117 116, 117 116, 148, 147 146 148, 148, 144, 148 70, 117 69, 116, e e h h h h h k h k h h h tp ha ha po ho wp wp cse des ean ean ena hoa hno hop csee hom ? wpo wesan h, ? ho hop, ? h hptn, ? hpt ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 1020 1590 1000 1000 1000 1250 1820 1000 Continued. 770-830 770-830 750-800 770-830 770-830 750-800 770-830 700-1500 870-1350 780-1000 780-1000 770-1000 800-1096 750-1450 900-1096 1400-1420 1000-1050 Table 3. Table 155 254 80 221 21 21 21 68 41 41 221 221 221 221 122 199 221 122 221 221 221 221 221 239 122 122 225 50, 122 221 221 50, 39, 42 6, 39, 42 85, 41, 122 43, 201 221, 122, 201 39, , 1810) n, 1824) , 1820) é (Loew, 1844) (Loew, Calliphoridae / 15 Sarcophagidae / 25 Sarcophagidae (Fallén, 1823) (Meigen, 1826) (Zetterstedt, 1845) (Linnaeus, 1758) (Linnaeus, 1761) Fallén (Fall Loew, 1858 Loew, ( Fallén (Meigen, 1826) (Scopoli, 1763) ( (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830) (Robineau-Desvoidy, (Ringdahl, 1918) 1830 Robineau-Desvoidy, (Stein, 1893) (Meigen, 1826) (De Geer, 1776) (De Geer, (Fallén, 1823) Villeneuve, 1920 Villeneuve, (Walker, 1849) (Walker, (Fabricius, 1775) Collin, 1926 Ringdahl, 1924 Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 Robineau-Desvoidy, 1798) (Panzer, (Rondani, 1866) (Meigen, 1826) (Meigen, 1826) (Harris, 1780) Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 Robineau-Desvoidy, (Linnaeus, 1758) (Fabricius, 1794) (Harris, 1780) Jacentkovsky, 1936 Jacentkovsky, Helina evecta Helina latitarsis Helina montana Helina obscurata Helina reversio Mydaea nebulosa Hebecnema fumosa Hebecnema umbratica Hebecnema vespertina Spilogona baltica Spilogona carbonella Spilogona dispar Limnophora riparia Lispe consanguinea Lispe tentaculata Coenosia tigrina vulgaris Bellardia Calliphora vicina Calliphora vomitoria Cynomya mortuorum Lucilia caesar Lucilia richardsi Lucilia sericata Melinda gentilis Onesia austriaca Onesia floralis Phormia regina Pollenia amentaria Pollenia rudis Pollenia vera Rhyncomya cyanescens Metopia campestris Brachicoma devia Nyctia halterata vigil Wohlfahrtia 46 Zdravko Hubenov 168 171 171 116, 117 116, 168 69 171 171 171 171 168 168 168 +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ 116, 117 116, 117 116, 46, 118 69, 116, 117 116, 117 116, 117 116, 117 116, 73, 151, 101, +++ 116, 117, 116,

69, 116, 117 69, 116, 69, 117 46, 116, 116, 117, 168 117, 116, 101, 69, 69, 116, 117, 69, 116, 69, hop e e e e e h k et tp tp sk ho wp ess cse des des ean poa hop hop nmt nmt Ebg esca esca seean esca, am po, ? ppt tp, ? ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 1120 1120 1120 1096 1500 1096 1700 1450 1000 Continued. 750-800 750-800 750-800 750-800 750-800 750-800 750-800 750-1100 900-1100 750-1420 850-1250 900-1000 800-1000 1000-1100

Table 3. Table 54, 57 122,

, 221 221 241 144 43 82 35 35 35 226 221 201 221 221 221 221 221 221 221 155 221 82, 115, 118, 118, 115, 42, 43 42, 43 42, 43 42, 43

43, 254 61, 41, 123 201, 167, 44, 45, 42, 43 42, 43, 221 39, 68, 225, 242, 244 20, 33, 41, 143, 167, 172, ) Zetterstedt, 1838 Meigen, 1826 Pandelle, 1896 Meigen, 1826 Meigen, 1826 (Zetterstedt, 1859) (Enderlein, 1936) Rondani, 1860 (Enderlein, 1936) (Rohdendorf, 1937) Meigen, 1826 Böttcher, 1912 Böttcher, Böttcher, 1913 Böttcher, Rondani, 1860 Rohdendorf, 1937 (Linnaeus, 1758) Böttcher, 1913 Böttcher, (Meigen 1826 Rohdendorf, 1937 (Zetterstedt, 1844) albiceps ) agnata melanura noverca rosellei (Linnaeus, 1758) (Wiedemann, 1824) (Wiedemann, ) ) ) ) benaci infantilis dissimilis bulgarica haemorrhoa incisilobata kentejana (Rondani, 1859) caerulescens plumicornis ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) bergi carnaria subvicina vitoschana ) (Meigen, 1824) ) ) ) ) (Fallén, 1810) Tachinidae / 208 Tachinidae grandis erythrura Rhinophoridae / 1 ) nova ) africa Hypodermatidae / 1 (Meigen, 1824) ) ) (Fallén, 1810) Rondani, 1859 larvarum mimula rustica ) (Linnaeus, 1758) ) ) (Harris, 1780) Blaesoxipha Servaisia Helicophagella Helicophagella Helicophagella Helicophagella Thyrsocnema Thyrsocnema Heteronychia Heteronychia Heteronychia Heteronychia Heteronychia Bercaea Parasarcophaga Robineauella Sarcophaga Sarcophaga Sarcophaga Sarcophaga ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( Exorista Podotachina Thrycolyga Adenia Adenia ( ( ( ( ( Blaesoxipha Blaesoxipha Ravinia pernix Sarcophaga Sarcophaga Sarcophaga Sarcophaga Sarcophaga Sarcophaga Sarcophaga Sarcophaga Sarcophaga Sarcophaga Sarcophaga Sarcophaga Sarcophaga Sarcophaga Sarcophaga Sarcophaga Sarcophaga Sarcophaga Stevenia atramentaria Hypoderma bovis Exorista Exorista Exorista Exorista Exorista Chetogena filipalpis Chetogena obliquata The Dipterans (Insecta: Diptera) of the Vitosha Mountain 47 +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ 168 168 101 101 101 +++ +++ 168, +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ 101, 101, 116, 117, 116, 117, 116, 117, 116, 117, 116, 101, 101, 185, +++ 101, 185, +++ 101, 101, 101, 101, e e h et tp dp dp ess des des des des des wcp hoes hoes hoes hoes hoes hoes hoes wces tp, h* hoes, h* tp, ? hop ? hom, h* ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 900 1120 1150 1400 1000 1200 1350 1200 1200 Continued. 870-880 850-1150 750-1150 900-1400 800-1850 750-1400 910-1240 750-2270 700-1400 1100-1120 1000-1120 1150-1400 1100-1200 1100-1200 1000-1300 1550-1900

Table 3. Table , 242 57, 125, 59, 236 , 72, 71 242 255 72 28 35 28 34 80 70 58 251 254 212 167 2, 7 242 205 236 221 61, 17, 54, 115, 170 115, 162 118, 147, 233 192, 198 172, 254, 9, 41, 21, 39, 66, 70, 71, 55, 57, 58 4, 6, 14, 15, 6, 10, 21, 35, 9, 21, 33, 41, 235, 242, 249 115, 138, 182, 115, 18, 39, 40, 103, 124, 136, 152, 161, 170, 182, 189, 39, 40, 41, (Fabricius, 1794) (Zetterstedt, 1859) (Meigen, 1824) (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863) (Robineau-Desvoidy, (Rondani, 1861) (Meigen, 1824) (Meigen, 1838) (Rondani, 1859) (Hartig, 1838) Rondani, 1859 (Fallén, 1810) (Meigen, 1824) (Fallén, 1810) (Fallén, 1810) (Fallén, 1810) (Rondani, 1859) (Fallén, 1810) (Meigen, 1824) (Meigen, 1824) (Fallén, 1810) (Meigen, 1824) (Meigen, 1824) (Meigen, 1824) (Fallén, 1820) (Fallén, 1810) (Meigen, 1824) Diplostichus janitrix Parasetigena silvestris assimilis Phorocera grandis Phorocera obscura Phorocera Bessa selecta Meigenia dorsalis Meigenia mutabilis Zaira cinerea Medina collaris Medina luctuosa Lecanipa bicincta Admontia maculisquama Oswaldia muscaria Oswaldia spectabilis Lomachantha parra Erynniopsis antennata Blondelia nigripes Compsilura concinnata turrita Vibrissina Acemya acuticornis Smidtia amoena cruentata Winthemia erythrura Winthemia quadripustulata Winthemia Nemorilla floralis 48 Zdravko Hubenov +++ +++ 116, 117 116, 117 116, 117 116, 101 101 150 101 +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ 116, 117, 116, 117, 116, 101, +++ 168, +++ 101, +++ 101, 101, 101, 101, 150, +++ 101, 150, +++ 101, 101, h tp tp tp sp mt pat ess ess des des des des des hop hop wes wcp e, m hom hoes hoes hoes hoes hoes hoes wces wces tp, bm e, ? des hoes, ? des ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 910 920 1150 1120 1300 1550 1600 2000 Continued. 720-800 770-830 850-1400 780-1000 940-1080 900-1350 750-1400 920-1200 800-1350 1100-1200 1100-1800 1150-1600 1100-1320 1150-1200 1500-1800 1400-1450 1000-1300 1000-1300 1000-1840 1260-1400 2000-2100 1500-1830 1000-1650 Table 3. Table 246 130 242, 256 242, 243 161, 251 149 242 72 79 221 232 41 35 35,152, 71 31 10 242 254 254 174 105 122 241 189 , 234, 113, 113, 61, 6, 256 55, 42,

32, 61, 246 24, 14, 120 50, 53, 115, 236, 254 198, 130, 101, 189 131, 147 56 50, 24, 91, 144, 35, 234, 82, 41, 131, 172, 4, 19, 245, 246, 174, 236, 15, 35, 39, 83, 10, 24, 74, 130 4, 41, Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 Robineau-Desvoidy, (Walker, 1853) (Walker, (Meigen, 1824) (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863) (Robineau-Desvoidy, (Meigen, 1824) (Macquart, 1850) (Meigen, 1824) (Meigen, 1824) (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830) (Robineau-Desvoidy, (Rondani, 1859) (Macquart, 1834) (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1847) (Robineau-Desvoidy, tibialis (Zetterstedt, 1844) bombylans gnava lucorum (Meigen, 1824) ) (Rondani, 1859) ) ) ) (Meigen, 1830) (Rondani, 1859) (Meigen, 1824) (Fallén, 1810) (Fallén, 1820) (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830) (Robineau-Desvoidy, (Meigen, 1824) (Meigen, 1824) (Fallén, 1810) (Panzer, 1798) (Panzer, (Meigen, 1824) (Meigen, 1824) (Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889) (Brauer & Bergenstamm, (Meigen, 1824) (Zetterstedt, 1849) (Meigen, 1824) Carcelia Carcelia Carcelia Euryclea ( ( ( ( Aplomya confinis Phebellia nigripalpis Tlephusa cincinna Epicampocera succincta Phryxe nemea Phryxe prima Phryxe vulgaris Pseudoperichaeta nigrolineata stabulans Lydella tritaeniata Cadurciella Drino atropivora Drino inconspicua Drino lota Drino vicina Huebneria affinis Carcelia Carcelia Carcelia Carcelia Alsomyia capillata Platymya fimbriata Eumea linearicornis Myxexoristops blondeli Zenillia dolosa Zenillia libatrix Clemelis pullata Pales pavida Bothria frontosa rubrifrons Ceromasia ferruginea Allophorocera pachystyla Allophorocera The Dipterans (Insecta: Diptera) of the Vitosha Mountain 49 +++ +++ +++ 116, 117 116, 101 +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ 116, 117 116, 116, 117, 116, 117, 116, 116, 117, 168, 117, 116, 101, +++ 168, +++ 168, +++ 101, 198, 199, 101, 101, 101, 150, 117, 101, 116, e e e tp tp po ho wp wp wp atm hop hop wcp wcp wcp ppta hoes wces tp, h* ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 1120 1120 Continued. 680-800 770-830 910-920 950-1120 950-1050 850-1200 800-1200 850-1200 920-1200 860-1200 780-1000 680-1800 920-1200 680-1810 780-1800 1100-1200 1200-1450 1300-1550

Table 3. Table

90, 41,

121, 54, 61, 254,

209

70 254 146 235 70, 88, 239 36, 41 35 59, 242, 245 122 245 255 242, 147, 24, 28 42, 48 31, 33, 35 20, 28, 172 35, 54, 115, 115, 246, 131, 161 21, 28, 70, 71, 72, 21, 30, 34, 54, 28, 172, 235 70, 2, 48, 71, 3, 5, 6, 9, 15, 3, 24, 144, 154, 241 152, 104, 113, 117, 117, 104, 113, 105, 119, 48, 130, 132, 144, 161, 167, 174, 182, 199, 209, 212, 232, 244, 68, 70, 81, 85, 128, 130, 144, 152, 165, 172, 201, 229, 232, 236, 15, 33, 70, 121 (Zetterstedt, 1844) Meigen, 1824 (Rondani, 1859) (Meigen, 1824) (Linnaeus, 1761) (Fabricius, 1781) (Linnaeus, 1758) (Fabricius, 1805) praeceps fera magnicornis nupta ) (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1848) (Robineau-Desvoidy, (Wiedemann, 1830) (Wiedemann, ) ) ) (Meigen, 1824) (Egger, 1861) (Egger, (Fallén, 1820) lurida grossa (Fallén, 1810) Wiedemann, 1819 Wiedemann, ) ) (Meigen, 1824) (De Geer, 1776) (De Geer, Meigen, 1826 (Meigen, 1824) (Fallén, 1820) Tachina Eudoromyia Eudoromyia Eudoromyia Servillia Echinogaster ( ( ( ( ( ( Eurysthaea scutellaris Elodia morio Sturmia bella Blepharipa pratensis Masicera silvatica nigricans Prosopea Gaedia connexa Thelymorpha marmorata Baumhaueria goniaeformis Gonia bimaculata Gonia capitata Gonia ornata Pseudogonia rufifrons Spallanzania hebes Tachina Tachina Tachina Tachina Tachina Tachina 50 Zdravko Hubenov +++ +++ +++ +++ 168 168 116, 117 116, 117 101 +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ 168, 98,101 101, 101, 116, 117, 116, 117, 116, 117, 116, 101, +++ 101, +++ 101, +++ 97, 101, +++ 101, 101, 150, +++ 101, 101, 101, 101, h tp tp tp ho po cse nm des wes wcp ppta hom hoes hoes hoes hoes hoes msws ? hom cse, ? e h, ? bm hoes, bm hoes, bm ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 950 920 800 1100 1000 1800 Continued. 750-800 900-2000 750-1400 850-1200 850-1400 850-1300 1100-1200 1100-1200 1100-1600 1800-2000 1090-1840 1350-1500 1000-1250 1000-1500 1400-1600 1000-1300

Table 3. Table , 56, 61, 253 225, 256 246 234, 247 41, 242 244

6 28 33 28 21 31 246, 249 255 244 221 221 221 241 123 246, 221, 221,

172, , 167, 170, 33, 199, 255 104, 182 235, 232, 241, 244 17, 19, 106 19, 28, 132, 62, 189, 206 22, 70, 115, 144, 70, 115, 6, 10, 38, 62, 86, 120, 132, 8, 10, 21, 27, 56 80, 91, 134, 172, 83, 26, 130, 172, 221, 236, 142, 162, 165, 17, 162, 167, 15, 24, 33, (Rondani, 1859) (Fallén, 1810) (Rondani, 1859) (Rondani, 1859) (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863) (Robineau-Desvoidy, (Fallén, 1810) Herting, 1963 (Zetterstedt, 1838) frater lithosiophaga Mik, 1898 Zimin, 1954 (Panzer, 1809) (Panzer, ) ) (Meigen, 1824) impudica comta ) (Fallén, 1820) ) atripalpis ferox ) ) Rondani, 1859 marklini haemorrhoidalis helvetica picta rossica ) (Meigen, 1824) ) ) ) ) (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830) (Robineau-Desvoidy, (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830) (Robineau-Desvoidy, (Macquart, 1835) (Fallén, 1820) (Meigen, 1838) (Fabricius, 1794) aurata

(Zetterstedt, 1844) (Fabricius, 1794) (Fallén, 1810) transsylvanica

Linnaemya Bonellimyia Ophina Ophina Ophina Ophina Homoeonychia Homoeonychia ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( Fabriciella Fabriciella Nowickia ( ( ( Nowickia Nowickia Nowickia Peleteria ferina Peleteria rubescens Peleteria ruficornis Peleteria varia Germaria ruficeps Nemoraea pellucida Linnaemya Linnaemya Linnaemya Linnaemya Linnaemya Linnaemya Linnaemya Linnaemya Gymnoglossa Chrysosomopsis Petagnia subpetiolata Ernestia laevigata Ernestia puparum Ernestia rudis Eurithia anthophila The Dipterans (Insecta: Diptera) of the Vitosha Mountain 51 +++ +++ +++ +++ 168 184 168 182 182 101 200 116, 117, 116, +++ +++ +++ +++ 168, +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ 168, +++ +++ +++ 101, 101, 101, 101, 116, 117, 116, 117, 116, 101, +++ 168, +++ 101, +++ 97, 101, +++ 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, e e e e h tp ess ess ess cse nm des wes wes wes wes wes spat spat wcp wcp wcp hom hoes hoes hoes wces des, h* hoes, h* wces, bm ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 950 1120 1160 1160 1250 1260 1300 1300 1900 1700 1700 Continued. 650-900 700-900 700-900 700-900 950-1160 950-1160 850-1450 900-1250 840-1450 890-1550 800-1300 1150-1300 1100-1200 1000-1100 1400-1850 1000-1300 1270-1400 1300-1500 Table 3. Table 252 , 244 212 7 221 55 33 69 69 30 119 255 255 255 192 221 130 192 246 192 124 247 192 225 242, 244 222, 246, 24, 28 33, 69 33, 69 35, 221 27, 165, 223 210, 27, 72, 130, 82, 170, 221, 202, 130, 232, 242, 244 115, 146, 167, 115, 153, 172, 242, 3, 6, 104, 152, 165, 231, 248, 144, 17, 33, 69, 84, 42, 68, 71, Villeneuve, 1907 Villeneuve, (Villeneuve, 1931) (Villeneuve, (Meigen, 1824) (Meigen, 1824) (Meigen, 1824) (Zetterstedt, 1859) Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863 Robineau-Desvoidy, (Meigen, 1824) (Fallén, 1810) (Fallén, 1810) (Fallén, 1810) (Meigen, 1824) (De Geer, 1776) (De Geer, (Meigen, 1824) (Fallén, 1820) (Scopoli, 1763) (Fallén, 1810) (Meigen, 1824) Staeger, 1849 Staeger, (Meigen, 1824) (Rondani, 1856) Egger, 1856 Egger, (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1851) (Robineau-Desvoidy, (Fabricius, 1805) (Meigen, 1824) (Fallén, 1810) (Fallén, 1810) (Meigen, 1824) (Rondani, 1861) (Meigen, 1824) Eurithia caesia Gymnocheta viridis lucidus Hyalurgus Zophomyia temula Cleonice callida Cleonice nitidiuscula Loewia brevifrons Loewia phaeoptera Loewia setibarba Pelatachina tibialis Macquartia chalconota Macquartia dispar Macquartia grisea Macquartia praefica Macquartia tenebricosa Macquartia viridana Phytomyptera nigrina Graphogaster brunnescens Actia crassicornis Actia pilipennis Peribaea tibialis Ceranthia lichtwardtiana Siphona cristata Siphona flavifrons Siphona geniculata Aphria longirostris Demoticus plebejus Bithia glirina Bithia modesta Bithia spreta 52 Zdravko Hubenov 168, 168, +++ +++ +++ +++ +++

+++ 116 182 +++ 116, 117 116, 117 116, 101 101 +++ 182, +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ 101, +++ 101, 101, 116, 117, 116, 117, 116, 117, 116, 117, 116, 117, 116, 116, 117, 116, 117, 116, 184, 97, 101, +++ 101, 101, 101, 184, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, 101, e e e e et tp wp des des wes wes wes mca wcp hpta hoes hoes hoes hoes ? wp ? om wces e, bm esca, ? h ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 800 1160 1100 1217 1300 Continued. 700-900 800-1000 700-1200 900-1700 800-1000 700-1200 870-1600 700-1700 800-1500 600-1200 800-1830 880-1400 1000-1100 1100-1200 1100-1200 1100-1700 1000-1900 1700-1800 1930-2100

Table 3. Table 85, 97, 57, 243, 30, 241, 238 54,

124, 135

242 188 256 54, 50, 41 69 28 41 28 192 221 153 241 254 221 246 252 145 240, 83, 61, , 232, 30, 28, 192, 72, 82, 85, 28, 173, 192 224, 135, 161 225, 180, 196 100, 200

28, 33, 41, 26, 42, 42, 57, 6, 7, 28, 56 9, 6, 19, 30, 41, 112, 159, 221, 112, 131, 161, 117, 132, 170, 55, 74, 80, 84, 30, 41, 132, Egger, 1860 Egger, (Zetterstedt, 1844) (Fabricius, 1781) (Rondani, 1862) (Fallén, 1817) (Rondani, 1862)

(Meigen, 1824) (Fallén, 1817) (Fallen, 1817) (Bonsdorff, 1866) (Meigen, 1826) (Meigen, 1826) (Fabricius, 1775) (Meigen, 1824) (Zetterstedt, 1844) (Harris, 1776) (Loew, 1873) (Loew, (Meigen, 1826) Meigen, 1826 (Meigen, 1826) (Fallén, 1817) (Fabricius, 1775) (Rondani, 1862) (Fallén, 1820) carinifrons

Leskia aurea Solieria fenestrata Solieria pacifica Mintho rufiventris Minthodes picta europaea Microphthalma Dexiosoma caninum conspersa Trixa Billaea adelpha Billaea fortis Billaea irrorata Billaea pectinata Billaea triangulifera Dinera Dinera ferina Dinera grisescens Estheria bohemani Estheria cristata Estheria petiolata Estheria picta Dexia rustica siberita Prosena Zeuxia cinerea Eriothrix apenninus The Dipterans (Insecta: Diptera) of the Vitosha Mountain 53 168, +++

+++ 185 +++ 101 101, +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ 168, +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ 101, 116, 117, 116, 116, 117, 116, 101, +++ 101, +++ 183, 99, 101, +++ 97, 101, +++ 185, 150, 101, +++ 101, 101, 101, k tp tp tp tp tp tp tp tp tp tp tp dp dp wp ess ess ppt des mca wcp wcp esca hoes hoes se, ? nm ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 900 880 850 1120 1300 1300 1000 1200 Continued. 900-950 680-920 910-1100 940-1160 800-2100 800-1500 750-1300 950-1400 720-1260 870-1200 850-1600 1100-1350 1100-1200 1100-1200 1100-1200 1100-1300 1100-1200 1350-1400

Table 3. Table

54, 242 236, 167, 174, 119, 119, 28 251 48, 39, 162 167 72 56 70 28 35 256 246 162 249 196 236, 240 254 172 239 79,

54, 69, 210, 80, 123, 31, 28, 132 28, 221 221, 28 28, 33, 115, 235 115, 167, 221 236, 43, 69, 74, 20, 10, 62, 101, 69, 89, 32, 55, 57, 194, 221, 242, 254 104, 115, 119, 119, 104, 115, 120, 124, 196, 10, 32, 120, 133, 146, 162, 171, 199, (Meigen, 1824) (Linnaeus, 1758) (Fabricius, 1794) Dupuis, 1961 (De Geer, 1776) (De Geer, Zimin, 1966 (Panzer, 1798) (Panzer, (Rohdendorf, 1947) (Panzer, 1800) (Panzer, (Fallén, 1820) (Meigen, 1824) (Meigen, 1824) (Rondani, 1862) (Fallén, 1817) (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830) (Robineau-Desvoidy, (Panzer, 1798) (Panzer, (Fabricius, 1794) Meigen, 1824 (Fallén, 1820) (Fabricius, 1794) (Fallén, 1810) (Meigen, 1824) Egger, 1856 Egger, (Fabricius, 1805) (Fallén, 1810) (Meigen, 1824) Eriothrix rufomaculatus Ramonda spathulata Periscepsia carbonaria Athrycia trepida ruralis Voria Phyllomya volvulus Thelaira nigripes Halidaya aurea Stomina caliendrata Stomina tachinoides Rhamphina pedemontana Dufouria chalybeata Dufouria nigrita exiguum Microsoma Eliozeta helluo Eliozeta pellucens Clytiomya continua Ectophasia crassipennis Ectophasia oblonga Gymnosoma clavatum Gymnosoma costatum Gymnosoma dolycoridis Gymnosoma inornatum Gymnosoma nitens Gymnosoma rotundatum Opesia cana 54 Zdravko Hubenov +++ 116, 117, 117, 116, 100, 101, 168 +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ 101, +++ 116, 117, 183 117, 116, 101, 150 116, 117, 117, 116, 101, 101, +++ 168, 101, 101, 116, 117, 116, 168, e e h h tp tp tp tp tp tp dp om des hop wes mss mca wcp wcp hoes e, cse ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 840 1100 1200 Continued. 890-950 800-900 950-1130 850-1100 850-1500 850-1550 900-1000 900-1250 800-1800 900-1200 750-1020 780-1250 1100-1200 1100-1200 1100-1200 1120-1200 1000-1200 1200-1300 Table 3. Table 235 243 146 251 105,

149 221 146 28 28 236 243 167, 223 235 222 172, 205, 60, , 234, 55, 85, 121 234, 238 144, 172, 235 246, 253 243, 251 193, 82, 90, 92, 15, 34, 170 20, 27, 61, 56 41, 129, 33, 115, 167, 33, 115, 58, 131, 165, 129, 221, 239, 242 172, 198, 232, 121, 10, 15, 21, 41, 105, 120, 132, 152, 174, 206, 223, 232, 238, (Fabricius, 1775) (Loew, 1844) (Loew, (Meigen, 1824) (Meigen, 1824) (Olivier, 1812) (Olivier, (Loew, 1854) (Loew, (Loew, 1844) (Loew, (Meigen, 1838) (Loew, 1845) (Loew, (Linnaeus, 1767) rubida bicolor brassicaria brevicornis pilipes ) ) ) ) ) intermedia ) auriceps interrupta Meigen, 1824 ) ) crassa ) (Meigen, 1824) (Fabricius, 1798) (Rondani, 1861) (Meigen, 1824) (Meigen, 1824) pusilla (Zetterstedt, 1844) ) (Meigen, 1824) (Meigen, 1824) obesa subcoleoptrata ) ) (Meigen, 1824) Plesiocyptera Cylindromyia Cylindromyia Cylindromyia Cylindromyia Dupuisia Calocyptera Neocyptera Neocyptera (Meigen, 1824) ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( Phasia Phasia Hyalomya ( ( ( Elomya lateralis Phasia Phasia Phasia Dionaea aurifrons Leucostoma tetraptera Clairvillia biguttata Labigastera forcipata Labigastera pauciseta Cylindromyia Cylindromyia Cylindromyia Cylindromyia Cylindromyia Cylindromyia Cylindromyia Cylindromyia Cylindromyia Hemyda vittata Besseria dimidiata Phania funesta The Dipterans (Insecta: Diptera) of the Vitosha Mountain 55 % 6 (0.8) 3 (0.4) 1 (0.1) 3 (0.4) 1 (0.1) 5 (0.7) 2 (0.3) 3 (0.4) 1 (0.1) 2 (0.3) 4 (0.5) 4 (0.5) 3 (0.4) 1 (0.1) 2 (0.3) 1 (0.1) 1 (0.1) 23 (3.1) 13 (1.7) 72 (9.7) 156 (21.0) 151 (20.3) Pirin Mts. Total number, number, Total % 7 (0.7) 3 (0.3) 3 (0.3) 5 (0.5) 2 (0.2) 9 (0.9) 2 (0.2) 1 (0.1) 1 (0.1) 4 (0.4) 3 (0.3) 5 (0.5) 3 (0.3) 1 (0.1) 2 (0.2) 6 (0.6) 2 (0.2) 1 (0.1) 1 (0.1) 31 (3.1) 29 (2.9) 10 (1.0) Rila Mts. 258 (25.7) 255 (25.4) 124 (12.4) Total number, number, Total % 3 (0.2) 3 (0.2) 2 (0.1) 5 (0.4) 2 (0.1) 6 (0.5) 2 (0.1) 4 (0.3) 4 (0.3) 3 (0.2) 3 (0.2) 2 (0.1) 3 (0.2) 12 (0.9) 1 (0.08) 1 (0.08) 1 (0.08) 1 (0.08) 28 (2.2) 23 (1.8) 1 (0.08) 254 (20.0) 247 (19.4) 137 (10.8)

Total number, number, Total

of the Vitosha Mt. the Vitosha of

belts m 1700-2000

over over – vegetation Subalpine Subalpine

2 (1.3) 3 (2.1) 1 (0.7) 2 (1.3) 1 (0.7) 1 (0.7) 1 (0.7) 1 (0.7)

16 (11.2) 28 (19.6) 28 (19.6)

1700-2050 m 1700-2050

– from 1400 m to to m 1400 from – Coniferous forests forests Coniferous 2 (0.8) 1 (0.4) 2 (0.8) 1 (0.4) 4 (1.5) 1 (0.4) 1 (0.4) 3 (1.2) 1 (0.4)

49 (18.8) 49 (18.8) 33 (12.7) Vitosha Mt. Vitosha

1400-1840 m 1400-1840

from 1100 m to to m 1100 from Beech forests – – forests Beech 5 (0.8) 1 (0.2) 1 (0.2) 1 (0.2) 1 (0.2) 2 (0.3) 3 (0.5) 1 (0.2) 1 (0.2) 2 (0.3) 1 (0.2) 2 (0.3) 2 (0.3) 1 (0.2)

9 ((1.5) 9 ((1.5)

65 (11.0) 107 (18.1) 107 (18.1)

to 1100-1400 m 1100-1400 to

forests – up up – forests mixed

xeromesophylic

and Meso- 3 (0.4) 1 (0.1) 1 (0.1) 1 (0.1) 3 (0.4) 2 (0.3) 1 (0.1) 1 (0.1) 5 (0.7) 2 (0.3) 2 (0.3) 4 (0.6) 2 (0.3) 2 (0.3) 2 (0.3) 1 (0.1) 11 (1.5) 11 13 (1.8) 12 (1.7) 69 (9.8) 145 (20.5) 138 (19.5) Zoogeographical characteristics of Diptera (Insecta) according to the vegetation to (Insecta) according Diptera of Zoogeographical characteristics . 4 Table Areographical categories Areographical type

Cosmopolitan Semicosmopolitan Holarctic-Paleotropical-Neotropical Holarctic-Paleotropical-Australian Holarctic-Paleotropical Holarctic-Neotropical-Australian Holarctic-Neotropical-Oriental Holarctic-Neotropical-Afrotropical Holarctic-Oriental-Australian Holarctic-Afrotropical-Australian Holarctic-Neotropical Holarctic-Afrotropical Holarctic-Oriental Holarctic-Australian Palaearctic-Paleotropical-Australian Palaearctic-Afrotropical-Australian Palaearctic-Oriental-Australian Palaearctic-Paleotropical Palaearctic-Afrotropical Palaearctic-Oriental Palaearctic-Australian Palaearctic-Oriental West Disjunct Palaearctic-Oriental Palaearctic-Afrotropical West Palaearctic-Neotropical West Holarctic . Species that have not exact localities (only Vitosha is given) are not included in the distribution according to the vegetation belts. They are presented only as a total number. total as a only presented are They belts. the vegetation to according in the distribution included not are given) is exact Vitosha localities not (only have that . Species North Species distributed in the Palaearctic and out of it Species distributed in the Palaearctic Note 56 Zdravko Hubenov 5 (0.7) 1 (0.1) 1 (0.1) 1 (0.1) 1 (0.1) 1 (0.1) 2 (0.3) 8 (1.1) 2 (0.3) 3 (0.4) 1 (0.1) 5 (0.7) 6 (0.8) 8 (1.1) 3 (0.4) 11 (1.5) 11 19 (2.6) 58 (7.8) 24 (3.2) 26 (3.5) 13 (1.7) 26 (3.5) 50 (6.7) 29 (3.9) 27 (3.6) 39 (5.2) 586 (79.0) 204 (27.5) 328 (44.2) (0.1) 3 (0.3) 1 (0.1) 1 (0.1) 1 (0.1) 8 (0.8) 3 (0.3) 1 (0.1) 1 (0.1) 1 (0.1) 1 (0.1) 1 2 (0.2) 4 (0.4) 4 (0.4) 8 (0.8) 3 (0.3) 6 (0.6) 18 (1.8) 78 (7.8) 23 (2.3) 46 (4.6) 35 (3.5) 22 (2.2) 82 (8.2) 27 (2.7) 42 (4.2) 34 (3.4) 745 (74.3) 259 (25.8) 429 (42.8) 7 (0.6) 2 (0.1) 2 (0.1) 2 (0.1) 5 (0.4) 2 (0.1) 3 (0.2) 2 (0.1) 2 (0.1) 4 (0.3) 5 (0.4) 11 (0.9) 11 1 (0.08) 1 (0.08) 1 (0.08) 18 (1.4) 87 (6.8) 30 (2.4) 37 (2.9) 26 (2.0) 31 (2.4) 17 (1.3) 1 (0.08) 1 (0.08) 1 (0.08) 1 (0.08) 1 (0.08) 14 (1.1) 1 (0.08) 69 (5.4) 28 (2.2) 45 (3.5) 62 (4.9) 10 (0.8) 302 (23.7) 655 (51.5) 1018 (80.0) 4 (2.8) 7 (4.9) 2 (1.3) 1 (0.7) 2 (1.3) 2 (1.3) 8 (5.6) 1 (0.7) 1 (0.7) 3 (2.1) 5 (3.5) 3 (2.1) 4 (2.8) 7 (4.9) 2 (1.3) 31 (21.7) 82 (57.3) 115 (80.4) 115 6 (2.3) 7 (2.7) 4 (1.5) 5 (1.9) 2 (0.8) 1 (0.4) 1 (0.4) 1 (0.4) 1 (0.4) 1 (0.4) 2 (0.8) 5 (1.9) 1 (0.4) 1 (0.4) 8 (3.1) 1 (0.4) 11 (4.2) 11 (4.2) 11 18 (6.9) 10 (3.8) 20 (7.7) 60 (23.1) 211 (81.2) 211 142 (57.3) Continued. Table 4. Table 1 (0.2) 1 (0.2) 1 (0.2) 4 (0.7) 1 (0.2) 2 (0.3) 1 (0.2) 2 (0.3) 1 (0.2) 8 (1.3) 1 (0.2) 3 (0.5) 6 (1.0) 9 ((1.5) 11 (1.9) 11 38 (6.4) 12 (2.0) 15 (2.5) 18 (3.0) 36 (6.1) 17 (2.9) 20 (3.4) 38 (6.4) 485 (81.9) 129 (21.8) 337 (56.9) 1 (0.1) 2 (0.3) 1 (0.1) 1 (0.1) 2 (0.3) 1 (0.1) 2 (0.3) 8 (1.1) 2 (0.3) 2 (0.3) 1 (0.1) 1 (0.1) 1 (0.1) 4 (0.6) 4 (0.6) 1 (0.1) 1 (0.1) 8 (1.1) 8 (1.1) 7 (1.0) 14 (2.0) 53 (7.5) 17 (2.4) 27 (3.8) 16 (2.3) 17 (2.4) 35 (4.9) 16 (2.3) 23 (3.2) 40 (5.6) 562 (79.5) 180 (25.5) 350 (49.5) uranian Т - uranian uranian Т uranian Т uranian South Palaearctic-Paleotropical-Australian South Palaearctic-Paleotropical South Palaearctic-Afrotropical South Palaearctic-Oriental Paleotropical-Mediterranean Afrotropical-Mediterranean Oriental-Mediterranean Holopalaearctic Transpalaearctic and Central Palaearctic West Palaearctic West Disjunct Palaearctic South Palaearctic African European-Anatolian-North African European-North Asian Eurosiberian-Anatolian-Central Asian Eurosiberian-Central Asian Eurosiberian-Anatolian-Central West Asian Eurosiberian-Central West Asian Central Eurosiberian-West West Eurosiberian-Iran- West Eurosiberian-Anatolian West Eurosiberian-Anatolian West Eurosiberian- West Asian European-Central East Asian European-Central Asian Central European-West Asian European-Southwest European-Anatolian-Iran-Т European-Iran-Т European-Turanian Holoeurosiberian and Central Eurosiberian West Eurosiberian West Disjunct Eurosiberian European and South Siberian South type type Palaearctic Eurosiberian type Species with Palaearctic distribution Species with Palaearctic The Dipterans (Insecta: Diptera) of the Vitosha Mountain 57 759 4 (0.5) 3 (0.4) 6 (0.8) 1 (0.1) 1 (0.1) 6 (0.8) 2 (0.3) 1 (0.1) 2 (0.3) 3 (0.4) 2 (0.3) 1 (0.1) 1 (0.1) 1 (0.1) 4 (0.5) 3 (0.4) 1 (0.1) 2 (0.3) 1 (0.1) 4 (0.5) 6 (0.8) 2 (0.3) 18 (2.4) 41 (5.5) 10 (1.3) 13 (1.7) 141 (19.0) 1003 2 (0.2) 5 (0.5) 2 (0.2) 1 (0.1) 3 (0.3) 1 (0.1) 6 (0.6) 1 (0.1) 2 (0.2) 1 (0.1) 1 (0.1) 1 (0.1) 2 (0.2) 1 (0.1) 1 (0.1) 8 (0.8) 6 (0.6) 7 (0.7) 1 (0.1) 3 (0.3) 2 (0.2) 1 (0.1) 7 (0.7) 2 (0.2) 10 (1.0) 25 (2.5) 10 (1.0) 45 (4.5) 12 (1.2) 183 (18.2) 72 12 5 (0.4) 4 (0.3) 3 (0.2) 3 (0.2) 2 (0.1) 2 (0.1) 2 (0.1) 4 (0.3) 3 (0.2) 7 (0.5) 3 (0.2) 3 (0.2) 9 ((0.7) 11 (0.8) 11 14 (1.1) 1 (0.08) 41 (3.2) 21 (1.6) 46 (3.6) 1 (0.08) 1 (0.08) 1 (0.08) 1 (0.08) 1 (0.08) 1 (0.08) 1 (0.08) 1 (0.08) 15 (1.2) 1 (0.08) 355 (27.9) 1 (0.7) 3 (2.1) 2 (1.3) 1 (0.7) 1 (0.7) 57 (39.9) 143 (11.2) 2 (0.8) 2 (0.8) 3 (1.2) 6 (2.3) 1 (0.4) 1 (0.4) 1 (0.4) 1 (0.4) 2 (0.8) 3 (1.2) 3 (1.2) 78 (30.0) 260 (20.4) Continued. Table 4. Table 6 (1.0) 4 (0.7) 1 (0.2) 1 (0.2) 1 (0.2) 1 (0.2) 2 (0.3) 2 (0.3) 1 (0.2) 2 (0.3) 8 (1.3) 2 (0.3) 6 (1.0) 11 (1.8) 11 15 (2.5) 10 (1.7) 185 (31.2) 592 (46.5) 6 (0.8) 4 (0.6) 1 (0.1) 1 (0.1) 3 (0.4) 2 (0.3) 1 (0.1) 1 (0.1) 2 (0.3) 1 (0.1) 1 (0.1) 1 (0.1) 7 (1.0) 2 (0.3) 4 (0.6) 1 (0.1) 1 (0.1) 3 (0.4) 1 (0.1) 2 (0.3) 11 (1.6) 11 20 (2.8) 29 (4.1) 187 (26.4) 707 (55.6) uranian uranian uranian uranian uranian Total European-Anatolian European Central and East European Central and South European-Anatolian Central and Southeast European-Anatolian Central and Southeast European-Lebanonian Central (and Middle) and South European Central and Southeast European East European Mediterranean and South Siberian Mediterranean and Southwest Siberian Asian Mediterranean-Central Asian North Мediterranean-Central Asian Central Mediterranean-West Mediterranean-Iran-Т Northeast Mediterranean-Iran-Т Mediterranean-Turanian North Мediterranean-Т South European and Siberian Central and South European-Iran-Т Central and Southeast European-Iran-Т African Central and South European-North South African European-North Southeast African European-North Holomediterranean North Mediterranean South European Southeast European-Anatolian Southeast European East Mediterranean Balkan-Anatolian Balkan subendemic Balkan endemic Bulgarian endemic Regional endemic Mediterranean type Endemics 58 Zdravko Hubenov faunistic elements that could be considered cies composition of the Rila and Pirin Mountains, separately from the Mediterranean ones as well respectively. (Gruev & Kusmanov 1994, 1999; Gruev 1995, The Mediterranean species, combined Gruev & Bechev, 2000). into 22 zoogeographical categories, are present- The Eurosiberian species include 14 ed mainly in the first two vegetation belts and areographical categories, of which the European their number rapidly decreases with altitude. (355 species or 27.9%), Holoeurosiberian (69 Because of the big variety of these areas, the species or 5.4%), Disjunct Eurosiberian (62 spe- group is divided into many subgroups with dif- cies or 4.9%) and West Eurosiberian (45 species ferent origin, distribution and ecological pecu- or 3.5%) taxa are best represented. The ratio of liarities of the taxa. This complexity contributes these categories is different for the separate fami- to establishing of various zoogeographical clas- lies (the Holoeurosiberian, Disjunct Eurosiberian sifications for Bulgaria (Josifov 1981, 1986, 1988, and European species of the family Tachinidae 1999; Gruev 1988, 1995, 2000a, 2000b, 2000c, are almost equal in number as the Eurosiberian 2002; Heiss & Josifov 1990; Gruev & Kusmanov forms are 50% in total, while in other families 1994; Hubenov 1996, 2008a; Gruev & Bechev the Central and South European species are bet- 2000; Popov 2002). The Mediterranean species, ter represented). The number of taxa of these established in one or two vegetation belts, pre- categories found in the separate vegetation belts vail (Table 3). A significant percentage of these varies from 2.8% to 39.9% (4-187 species) and species and their relatively scarce populations increases (as a percentage) with height up to 2050 are due to the lower ecological flexibility of m a.s.l. Most Eurosiberian species (as a percent- the Mediterranean forms in comparison with age) are found in the coniferous and subalpine the previous ones. The Mediterranean species belts. In the beech, coniferous and subalpine belts include from 1.3 to 4.1% (2 to 29 species) of the Eurosiberian species predominate over the Diptera of the separate vegetation belts in the other zoogeographical categories (56.9-57.3%). Vitosha Mt. (Table 4). The Holomediterranean A number of disjunctive areas are presented – a (9 species or 0.7%) and South European (7 longitudinal disjunction for parts of Siberia and species or 0.5%) species are the most numer- Central Asia (Tables 3 and 4) and latitudinal dis- ous. In the subalpine belt two Mediterranean junction with typical for the Eurosiberian complex species are established (Prosimulium petro- boreomontane, boreoalpine and arctic-alpine dis- sum Rubtsov – South-East European species of tribution (Gorodkov 1984, Josifov 1988, Hubenov the family Simuliidae and Megaselia oxybelo- 2015a). Of interest is the significant presence of rum Schmitz – Holomediterranean species of Eurosiberian species in the first vegetation belt the family Phoridae). This could be Montane of the Vitosha Mt., which could be explained in Mediterranean forms or species with unclear two ways: 1) It is possible a part of these species distribution. When comparing with the Rila and to have unclear Palaearctic distribution; 2) It is Pirin Mountains, there is a higher percentage supposed that the humid mountain valleys char- (3.6-4.5-5.5%) of the Mediterranean taxa south- acterised with cooler climate, have facilitated the wards which is related to the specific natural migration of the above-mentioned forms to the conditions and geographical location of these lowlands. Finding of Eurosiberian boreomontane mountains. There are no significant differences forms at low altitudes has also been reported for in the distribution of the separate areographical other insect groups as Heteroptera, Cerambycidae categories in the Mediterranean species of the (Coleoptera) and Tachinidae (Diptera) by Josifov mountains: the Mediterranean-Central Asian, (1963, 1976), Georgiev & Hubenov (2006) and Holomediterranean, North Mediterranean and Hubenov (1992, 2008b). For Cerambycide this South European species prevail (Table 4). fact is due to the large afforestations of conifers Endemics. This category includes taxa, in the first two vegetation belts. Probably because which are not distributed outside the Balkan of this reason, many boreomontane and montane Peninsula. The percentage of endemism is low species that feed on conifers, go down below 1000 in Diptera (15 species or 1.2%). The Bulgarian m a.s.l. There is a difference with the Rila and endemic forms prevail (10 species or 0.8%). Pirin Mountains with respect to the Eurosiberian Endemic forms have not been established in the species where they are less than in the Vitosha Mt. subalpine belt, in contrast to the Rila and Pirin This group includes 42.8 and 44.2% of the spe- Mountains. The main part of endemic species of The Dipterans (Insecta: Diptera) of the Vitosha Mountain 59 the Vitosha Mt. is related to the beech and co- demic forms have been established. niferous forest belts (3-8 species or 1.2-1.3%), Beech forests – 592 species (46.5%) of 55 above 1300-1500 m a.s.l. This suggests that these areographical categories. From the species with endemic species are postglacial neoendemics Mediterranean type of distribution (11 species which are to be connected with the Eurosiberian or 1.8%) the Central and South European-North forms. Regional endemics have not been African, Holomediterranean and South European established among Diptera of the Vitosha Mt., species are most numerous, and from the species in contrast to the Rila and Pirin Mountains. The with Palaearctic and Eurosiberian type of dis- endemic dipterans are rare and are mostly newly tribution (581 species or 98.2%) the Holarctic, described taxa (five species from 1916 to 1940 Transpalaearctic, Holoeurosiberian, Disjunct and all the others after 1964). Eurosiberian and European species are best rep- resented. The species of southern type distrib- Conclusion uted in the Palaearctic and beyond it are not presented. The number of the European-North A total of 1272 two-winged species (31.8% African, West and Central Eurosiberian and West of the species found in Bulgaria) that belong to Eurosiberian species is increased. Two Balkan 58 families have been reported from the Vitosha and six Bulgarian endemics have been found. The Mt. The dipterous fauna can be divided into two percentage of the Mediterranean forms decreases. main groups: 1) species with Mediterranean Coniferous forests – 260 species (20.4%) type of distribution (53 species or 4.2%) – more of 41 areographical categories. From the spe- thermophilic and distributed mainly in the cies with Mediterranean type of distribution (6 southern parts of the Palaearctic; seven species species or 2.3%) the Southeast European spe- of southern type, distributed in the Palaearctic cies are most numerous, and from the species and beyond it, can be formally related to this with Palaearctic and Eurosiberian type of dis- group as well; 2) species with Palaearctic and tribution (254 species or 97.7%) the Holarctic, Eurosiberian type of distribution (1219 spe- Disjunct Eurosiberian and European species cies or 95.8%) – more cold-resistant and wide- prevail. The Transpalaearctic, European-North ly distributed in the Palaearctic; 247 species of African and Holoeurosiberian species are bet- northern type, distributed in the Palaearctic and ter represented. The number of the endemics beyond it, can be formally related to this group and Mediterranean forms decreases. In com- as well. The zoogeographical character of the parison with the Rila (27.6%) and Pirin (35.7%) Tachinidae fauna is determined by the second Mountains, the dipterous fauna of the Vitosha group. The share of the two groups is different Mt. is poorly presented in the coniferous forests. in the separate vegetation belts (Table 4). The This is connected with the poor floristic com- percentage of the typical Mediterranean species position, limited area and fragmentation of the of the Vitosha, Rila and Pirin Mountains is close coniferous belt of the Vitosha Mt.. and increases from north to south (3.6-4.5-5.5%, Subalpine vegetation – 143 species respectively). The variety of areographical cate- (11.2%) of 29 areographical categories. Two spe- gories decreases with altitude. cies with Mediterranean type of distribution Mesophyllic and xeromesophyllic mixed (Holomediterranean and South European spe- forests – 707 species (55.6%) of 71 areographical cies) have been established. From the species with categories. From the species with Mediterranean Palaearctic and Eurosiberian type of distribution type of distribution (36 species or 5.1%) the (141 species) the Holarctic and European spe- Holomediterranean and South European species cies are most numerous. The Transpalaearctic, prevail, and from the species with Palaearctic and European-North African and Disjunct Eurosiberian type of distribution (671 species Eurosiberian taxa are well presented. Endemic or 94.9%) the Holarctic, Transpalaearctic and forms have not been established. When compar- European species are best represented. The num- ing with the Rila (99 species) and Pirin (79 spe- ber of the West Palaearctic, Holoeurosiberian, cies) Mountains, the species composition of the West Eurosiberian and Disjunct Eurosiberian Vitosha Mt. in the subalpine zone is richer. This species is increased. Species of southern type, is connected with the lower height of the Vitosha distributed in the Palaearctic and beyond it, are Mt. and the lack of a pronounced coniferous belt presented. Two Bulgarian and one Balkan en- in the southern parts of the mountain. 60 Zdravko Hubenov

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(Footnotes) 1 Of the species composition of Phoridae (Table 3) are ex- cluded 165 species, represented only in the Ph.D. thesis of M. Langurov (Langourov 2001a). They are presented as numbers in the tables. 2 Of the species composition of Phoridae are excluded 165 species, represented only in the Ph.D. thesis of M. Langurov (Langourov 2001a). They are presented as numbers in Tables 2 and 4.

The authors’ address:

Zdravko Hubenov National Museum of Natural History, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Tsar Osvoboditel Blvd. 1, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]