DOCSLIB.ORG

Everyman's Science

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Everyman's Science Everyman’s ScienceEVERYMAN’S Vol. XLVIII No. 1, April ’13 — May ’13 SCIENCE Vol. XLVIII No. 1 (April ’13 – May ’13) EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD EDITORIAL BOARD Prof. Swapan Kumar Datta (New Delhi) Editor-in-Chief Prof. Premendu Prakash Mathur (Bhubaneswar) Dr. Ashok Kumar Saxena Dr. R. L. Bharadwaj (Agra) Area Editors Prof. Rajneesh Dutt Kaushik (Haridwar) Dr. (Mrs.) Vijay Laxmi Saxena (Biological Sciences) Prof. Amarendra Kumar Sinha (Jaipur) Dr. Mohan Khedkar (Amravati) Dr. Pramod Kumar Verma (Earth Sciences, Engineering & Material Sciences) Dr. Pitamber Prasad Dhyani (Almora) Dr. Manoj Kumar Chakrabarti Dr. Subhash Chandra Yadav (Varanasi) (Medical Sciences including Physiology) Prof. Lalit Mohan Manocha Dr. Arvind Kumar Saxena (Vallabh Vidyanagar) (Physical Sciences) Prof. D. S. Hooda (Guna) Dr. (Mrs.) Vipin Sobti Dr. Surya Kant Tripathi (Lucknow) (Social Sciences) Prof. Parimal C. Sen (Kolkata) General Secretary (Membership Affairs) Dr. Sanjeev Ramachandra Inamdar Er. Nilangshu Bhushan Basu (Dharwad) Prof. Surinder Pal Khullar (Chandigarh) General Secretary (Scientific Activities) Prof. Arun Kumar COVER PHOTOGRAPHS Editorial Secretary Past General Presidents of ISCA Dr. Amit Krishna De 1. Prof. A. K. Saha (1980) 2. Prof. A. K. Sharma (1981) Printed and published by Dr. Ashok Kumar Saxena 3. Prof. M. G. K. Menon (1982) on behalf of Indian Science Congress Association and printed at Seva Mudran, 43, Kailash Bose 4. Prof. B. Ramachandra Rao (1983) Street, Kolkata-700 006 and published at Indian 5. Prof. R. P. Bambah (1984) Science Congress Association, 14, Dr. Biresh Guha 6. Prof. A. S. Paintal (1985) Street, Kolkata-700 017, with Dr. Ashok Kumar Saxena as Editor. For permission to reprint or Annual Subscription : (6 issues) reproduce any portion of the journal, please write to the Institutional 200/- ; Individual 50/- Editor-in-Chief. Price : 10/- per issue 1 Everyman’s Science Vol. XLVIII No. 1, April ’13 — May ’13 CONTENTS EDITORIAL : Recent Trends in Biological Sciences Dr. (Mrs.) Vijay Laxmi Saxena 3 ARTICLES : Presidential Address : Energy Strategies for India Ajit Kumar Saha 5 Climate Change and Coral Vulnerability Sharmila Chandra 69 Virus as a Biosensor Rajib Deb, Satish Gaikwad, Sanjeev K. Shukla, C. Madhan Mohan and Sohini Dey 74 KNOW THY INSTITUTIONS 80 CONFERENCES / MEETINGS / SYMPOSIA / SEMINARS 83 S & T ACROSS THE WORLD 84 2 Everyman’s Science Vol. XLVIII No. 1, April ’13 — May ’13 EDITORIAL RECENT TRENDS IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES Imagine a world where there is abundant and the potential to devise new approaches that address healthy food for everyone, where the environment traditional and systems level questions in new, is resilient and flourishing, where there is interdisciplinary, and especially, quantitative ways. sustainable, clean energy, where good health is the Modern researches in Biology rely on integrating norm. All these daunting challenges are knowledge from many disciplines to derive deeper interdependent – growing of more food without understanding of biological systems. That deeper harming natural environments, exploring new energy understanding both allows the development of sources without global warming or have adverse biology-based solutions for society’s problems and health effects. Fortunately, advances in the life also feeds back to enrich the individual scientific sciences have the potential to contribute innovative disciplines that contributed to these new insights. It and mutually reinforcing solutions to reach all of is critically important to recognize that in near these goals. Some plausible contributions of the future, Biology will not replace the ongoing life sciences to meet these challenges are : research; that research is the foundation on which (i) a wide variety of plants with faster maturation, the future Biology rests and on which it will drought tolerance, and disease resistance continue to rely. If we compare our understanding could contribute to a sustainable increase in of the living world to the assembly of a massive local food production. jigsaw puzzle, each of the sub-disciplines of biology has been assembling sections of the puzzle. The (ii) Food crops could be engineered for higher individual sections are far from complete and nutritional value, including higher continued work to fill those gaps is critical. Indeed, concentrations of vitamins and healthier oils. biological systems are so complex that it is likely (iii) Critical habitats could be monitored by arrays that major new discoveries are still to be expected, of remote sensors. and new discoveries very frequently come from Note that in the 19th century, persons individual scientists who make the intellectual leap investigating the living world used to be termed as from the particular system they study to an insight “naturalists” with interdisciplinary research that illuminates many biological processes. activities, combining biology, geology, and physics. Now it is time to invest in the development of Now, after decades of high productive specialization, the new aspects of biology because the life sciences the study of life is again becoming more are in the midst of a historical period analogous to interdisciplinary, by necessity combining previously the early 20th century in the physical sciences. The disparate fields to create a new horizon of Biology.” discovery of the electron in 1897 marked the The essence of this new horizon is the re-integration beginning of a major turning point in the history of of sub-disciplines of biology, along with greater science. Over the next few decades, physics, influence from the physical and computational chemistry, and astronomy were all transformed. sciences, mathematics, and engineering. This has Physicists uncovered the fundamental constituents 3 Everyman’s Science Vol. XLVIII No. 1, April ’13 — May ’13 of matter and energy and discovered that these Responses to great challenges often must be constituents interact in unanticipated ways. Chemists enunciated, formulated, and launched before the related the structure and properties of substances to capabilities to meet those challenges are in place. the interactions of electrons surrounding atomic In this way, the response often motivates the creation nuclei. Astronomers related the light received from of the necessary capabilities. The decisions to send stars and the sun to the chemical properties of the humans to the moon and to sequence the human atoms generating that light. In this way, new genome were both made when the relevant connections within the physical sciences became technologies were far from being up to the job. In apparent and drove further advances. These each case, establishing a bold and specific target theoretical advances also led to practical applications created unforeseen routes to solutions. Recent that transformed society. Having a “parts list” of technological and scientific advances have brought the physical world enabled scientists and engineers the life sciences to a point where rapid progress to develop technologies that would not have been toward understanding complex biological systems possible without this understanding. These is possible. Many of the essential ingredients are technologies led in turn to the electronic industry, already in place. Biotechnology is already emerging the computer industry, and the information as an interdisciplinary, system-level, computationally technology industry, which together have created a intensive subject. A piecemeal strategy, with many world that could scarcely have been imagined a different agencies, interdisciplinary projects and century ago. Before the transition associated with investing in various technologies would continue to the discovery of the electron, scientists gathered advance the efforts of some pioneer researchers increasing amounts of data, but those data could whose work has enormous promise. But the cross- not be put to full use because of the lack of a cutting technologies and tools that would genuinely conceptual framework. After that discovery, empower the Biotechnology will definitely require previously gathered data took on new usefulness, significant investment and advance planning. We entirely new areas of inquiry emerged, and discovery all expect that such sustained development in and application accelerated rapidly. Such discoveries biological sciences will result the eventual are critical junctures that send science and society realization of our imagination mentioned in the in new directions. beginning of this editorial. Dr. (Mrs.) Vijay Laxmi Saxena Department of Zoology D.G.(P.G.) College, Kanpur Science is a way of thinking much more than it is a body of knowledge. —Carl Sagan 4 Everyman’s Science Vol. XLVIII No. 1, April ’13 — May ’13 PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS ENERGY STRATEGIES FOR INDIA Prof. Ajit Kumar Saha, D.Sc., F.N.A hen I express my gratitude to members hidden under the bowels of the earth, reclaiming W of India Science Congress for having deserts and swamps, conquering the barriers of chosen me for the highest office. I do not use distance” words of mere conventional courtesy. I deeply In choosing my theme I pay my respects to him, appreciate this honour, thought I may right away for I am beholden to him in more ways then one. say that I not admire your choice. Today this easy optimism has to a large measure In keeping up with recent tradition, I was disappeared. We know now that much of the energy required to lay down a focal theme for this Session pools from which we have been drawing our and I chose one
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Iron up to 170 Gpa
    Dynamic X-ray diffraction observation of shocked solid iron up to 170 GPa Adrien Denoeuda,b,1, Norimasa Ozakic,d, Alessandra Benuzzi-Mounaixa,b, Hiroyuki Uranishic, Yoshihiko Kondoc, Ryosuke Kodamac,d, Erik Brambrinka,b, Alessandra Ravasioa,b, Maimouna Bocouma,b, Jean-Michel Boudennea,b, Marion Harmande, François Guyote, Stephane Mazevetf, David Rileyg, Mikako Makitag, Takayoshi Sanoh, Youichi Sakawah, Yuichi Inubushii,j, Gianluca Gregorik, Michel Koeniga,b,l, and Guillaume Morarde aLaboratoire d’Utilisation de Lasers Intenses - CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Université Paris- Saclay, F-91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France; bSorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, CNRS, Laboratoire d’Utilisation des Lasers Intenses, place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France; cGraduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka 5650871, Japan; dPhoton Pioneers Center, Osaka University, Osaka 5650871, Japan; eInstitut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie, Sorbonne Universités – Université Pierre et Marie Curie, CNRS, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, 75005 Paris, France; fLaboratoire Univers et Théories, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, 92195 Meudon, France; gCentre for Plasma Physics, School of Maths & Physics, Queens University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, Northern Ireland; hInstitute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka 5650871, Japan; iRIKEN SPring-8 Center, Hyogo 679-5148,
    [Show full text]
  • High-Power Laser Experiments to Study Collisionless Shock Generation Y
    EPJ Web of Conferences 59, 15001 (2013) DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20135915001 C Owned by the authors, published by EDP Sciences, 2013 High-power laser experiments to study collisionless shock generation Y. S a k a w a 1,a, Y. Kuramitsu1, T. Morita1,T.Kato2, H. Tanji3,T.Ide3,K.Nishio4, M. Kuwada4, T. Tsubouchi3,H.Ide4,T.Norimatsu1, C. Gregory5,N.Woolsey5, K. Schaar6, C. Murphy6, G. Gregori6, A. Diziere7,A.Pelka7, M. Koenig7, S. Wang8,Q.Dong8,Y.Li8,H.-S.Park9,S.Ross9, N. Kugland9,D.Ryutov9, B. Remington9, A. Spitkovsky10, D. Froula11 and H.Takabe1 1 Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University 2-6, Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan 2 Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima Univ., 1-3-1, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan 3 Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University 2-1, Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan 4 Graduate School of Science, Osaka University 1-1, Machikaneyama, Toyonaka 560-0043, Japan 5 Department of Physics, University of York, Heslington YO105DD, UK 6 Department of Physics, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK 7 LULI Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France 8 Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China 9 Lawrence Livermore National Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550, USA 10 Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA 11 Laboratory for Laser Energetics, 250 East River Road, Rochester, NY 14623, USA Abstract. A collisionless Weibel-instability mediated shock in a self-generated magnetic field is studied using two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation [Kato and Takabe, Astophys. J.
    [Show full text]
  • Nuclear Security: a Fortnightly Newsletter from Caps
    NUCLEAR SECURITY: A FORTNIGHTLY NEWSLETTER FROM CAPS NUCLEAR SECURITY: A FORTNIGHTLY NEWSLETTER FROM CAPS Vol 11, No. 15, 01 JUNE 2017 OPINION – Manpreet Sethi Nuclear India at 19: Keep Focus Right on CONTENTS Deterrence OPINION NUCLEAR STRATEGY India completes 19 years as a nuclear armed state BALLISTIC MISSILE DEFENCE this month. This period is no more than an eye blink in the life of a nation, but India has made NUCLEAR ENERGY significant progress towards operationalisation NUCLEAR COOPERATION of its deterrence capability (it was on May 11 URANIUM PRODUCTION and 13, 1998 that India conducted nuclear tests NUCLEAR NON-PROLIFERATION at the Pokhran range in Rajasthan. India has since NUCLEAR DISARMAMENT declared a moratorium on testing). NUCLEAR SAFETY It has worked according to a plan in the form of a NUCLEAR WASTE MANAGEMENT nuclear doctrine that it gave to itself in August 1999, and which was formalised, with largely the same attributes as mentioned in the draft, by the But it seeks to deter the adversary from making government of the day in January 2003. this move by holding up for him the prospect of massive retaliation which The doctrine defined a India has eschewed the first use of would negate any benefit narrow role for India’s nuclear weapons, leaving it to the of his action. This is a nuclear weapons — only adversary to take the difficult decision purely deterrence doctrine, for deterrence against of making the first nuclear move. But and that really is the only nuclear weapons of the it seeks to deter the adversary from purpose of nuclear adversary.
    [Show full text]
  • The Rise of Dalit Peasants Kolhi Activism in Lower Sindh
    The Rise of Dalit Peasants Kolhi Activism in Lower Sindh (Original Thesis Title) Kolhi-peasant Activism in Naon Dumbālo, Lower Sindh Creating Space for Marginalised through Multiple Channels Ghulam Hussain Mahesar Quaid-i-Azam University Department of Anthropology ii Islamabad - Pakistan Year 2014 Kolhi-Peasant Activism in Naon Dumbālo, Lower Sindh Creating Space for Marginalised through Multiple Channels Ghulam Hussain Thesis submitted to the Department of Anthropology, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, in partial fulfillment of the degree of ‗Master of Philosophy in Anthropology‘ iii Quaid-i-Azam University Department of Anthropology Islamabad - Pakistan Year 2014 Formal declaration I hereby, declare that I have produced the present work by myself and without any aid other than those mentioned herein. Any ideas taken directly or indirectly from third party sources are indicated as such. This work has not been published or submitted to any other examination board in the same or a similar form. Islamabad, 25 March 2014 Mr. Ghulam Hussain Mahesar iv Final Approval of Thesis Quaid-i-Azam University Department of Anthropology Islamabad - Pakistan This is to certify that we have read the thesis submitted by Mr. Ghulam Hussain. It is our judgment that this thesis is of sufficient standard to warrant its acceptance by Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad for the award of the degree of ―MPhil in Anthropology‖. Committee Supervisor: Dr. Waheed Iqbal Chaudhry External Examiner: Full name of external examiner incl. title Incharge: Dr. Waheed Iqbal Chaudhry v ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This thesis is the product of cumulative effort of many teachers, scholars, and some institutions, that duly deserve to be acknowledged here.
    [Show full text]
  • India's Pathway to Sumit Ganguly Pokhran H
    India's Pathway to Sumit Ganguly Pokhran H The Prospects and Sources of New Delhi's Nuclear Weapons Program On May 11 and 13, 1998, India set off five nuclear devices at its test site in Pokhran in the northwestern Indian state of Rajasthan-its first such tests in twenty-four years. The initial test had been carried out at the same site on May 18, 1974. Not unexpectedly, as in 1974 much of the world community, including the majority of the great powers, unequivocally condemned the Indian tests.' The coalition national government, dominated by the jingoistic Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), knew that significant international pressures would be brought to bear upon India once it breached this important threshold. Yet the BJP chose to disregard the likely adverse consequences and departed from India's post- 1974 "nuclear option" policy, which had reserved for India the right to weaponize its nuclear capabilities but had not overtly declared its weapons capability. National governments of varying political persuasions had adhered to this strategy for more than two decades. A number of seemingly compelling possibilities have been offered to explain India's dramatic departure from its policy of nuclear restraint. None, however, constitutes a complete explanation. Yet each offers useful insights into the forces that led to the Indian nuclear tests. One explanation holds that the chauvinistic BJP-led government conducted the tests to demonstrate both its own virility to the Indian populace and India's military prowess to the rest of the world. A second argument suggests that the BJP conducted the tests to cement its links with contentious parliamentary allies.
    [Show full text]
  • Nd Lu Caf2 for High-Energy Lasers Simone Normani
    Nd Lu CaF2 for high-energy lasers Simone Normani To cite this version: Simone Normani. Nd Lu CaF2 for high-energy lasers. Physics [physics]. Normandie Université, 2017. English. NNT : 2017NORMC230. tel-01689866 HAL Id: tel-01689866 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01689866 Submitted on 22 Jan 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. THESE Pour obtenir le diplôme de doctorat Physique Préparée au sein de l’Université de Caen Normandie Nd:Lu:CaF2 for High-Energy Lasers Étude de Cristaux de CaF2:Nd:Lu pour Lasers de Haute Énergie Présentée et soutenue par Simone NORMANI Thèse soutenue publiquement le 19 octobre 2017 devant le jury composé de M. Patrice CAMY Professeur, Université de Caen Normandie Directeur de thèse M. Alain BRAUD MCF HDR, Université de Caen Normandie Codirecteur de thèse M. Jean-Luc ADAM Directeur de Recherche, CNRS Rapporteur Mme. Patricia SEGONDS Professeur, Université de Grenoble Rapporteur M. Jean-Paul GOOSSENS Ingénieur, CEA Examinateur M. Maurizio FERRARI Directeur de Recherche, CNR-IFN Examinateur Thèse dirigée par Patrice CAMY et Alain BRAUD, laboratoire CIMAP Université de Caen Normandie Nd:Lu:CaF2 for High-Energy Lasers Thesis for the Ph.D.
    [Show full text]
  • VI. Nuclear Fusion Energy
    R &D OF ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES ANNEX A VI‐NUCLEAR FUSION ENERGY ANNEX VI – NUCLEAR FUSION ENERGY 276 ‐ TABLE OF CONTENTS ‐ AVI‐1 Research and development opportunities for .......................... 278 fusion energy Ray Fonck AVI‐2 Fusion energy using Tokamaks ............................................... 282 Predhiman K. Kaw, AVI‐3 Physics issues on magnetically confined fusion plasmas ......... 289 Stellarator devices Carlos Hidalgo Carlos Hidalgo AVI‐4 Status Report on inertial fusion energy ................................... 294 Burton Richter AVI‐5 Report on laser fast ignition for inertial fusion energy............ 300 Kunioki Mima ANNEX VI – NUCLEAR FUSION ENERGY 277 Annex A – Section 6.1 AVI‐1 RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OPPORTUNITIES FOR FUSION ENERGY Raymond Fonck University of Wisconsin – Madison The goal of the world fusion energy research programs is the development of practical energy production from the fusing of light nuclei, e.g., deuterium and tritium, in a hot ionized gas (or plasma). Fusion research is still in an overall concept development activity, and has not reached the stage for building a demonstration reactor. Its ultimate success of producing an economically attractive new energy source lies well into the future. The realization of an attractive fusion reactor concept will depend on future developments in fusion science and technology, economics, energy needs, national priorities, etc. Many outstanding scientific and technical issues have to be resolved, and it is premature to define the exact features required for an attractive energy source based on fusion. Nevertheless, some goals for achieving an attractive fusion energy concept are readily identified: optimize the plasma pressure and the energy confinement time; minimize the recirculating power needed for sustainment; and develop a simple and reliable plasma confinement configuration.
    [Show full text]
  • Laser-Driven Shock Compression of “Synthetic Planetary Mixtures” of Water, Ethanol, and Ammonia M
    Laser-driven shock compression of “synthetic planetary mixtures” of water, ethanol, and ammonia M. Guarguaglini, J.-A. Hernandez, T. Okuchi, P. Barroso, A. Benuzzi-Mounaix, M. Bethkenhagen, R. Bolis, E. Brambrink, M. French, Y. Fujimoto, et al. To cite this version: M. Guarguaglini, J.-A. Hernandez, T. Okuchi, P. Barroso, A. Benuzzi-Mounaix, et al.. Laser-driven shock compression of “synthetic planetary mixtures” of water, ethanol, and ammonia. Scientific Reports, Nature Publishing Group, 2019, 9, pp.10155. 10.1038/s41598-019-46561-6. hal-02272766 HAL Id: hal-02272766 https://hal.sorbonne-universite.fr/hal-02272766 Submitted on 28 Aug 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Laser-driven shock compression of “synthetic planetary mixtures” of water, ethanol, and ammonia Received: 23 April 2018 M. Guarguaglini 1,2, J.-A. Hernandez1,2, T. Okuchi 3, P. Barroso4, A. Benuzzi-Mounaix1,2, Accepted: 25 June 2019 M. Bethkenhagen 5, R. Bolis 1,2, E. Brambrink1,2, M. French5, Y. Fujimoto6, R. Kodama6,7,8, Published: xx xx xxxx M. Koenig1,2,7, F. Lefevre1, K. Miyanishi 8, N. Ozaki6,8, R.
    [Show full text]
  • {PDF EPUB} Protection of Minorities: Regimes, Norms and Issues In
    Read Ebook {PDF EPUB} Protection of Minorities: Regimes, Norms and Issues in South Asia by Muhammad Mahbubur Rahman Jan 01, 2012 · The second major focus of this book is to relate international standards on minority protection to South Asian regimes. Concentrating on India, …Author: Muhammad Mahbubur RahmanProtection of Minorities: Regimes, Norms and Issues in ...https://www.amazon.com/Protection-Minorities...Aug 01, 2012 · Protection of Minorities: Regimes, Norms and Issues in South Asia Hardcover – August 1, 2012 by Borhan Uddin Khan (Author), Muhammad Mahbubur Rahman (Author) See all formats and editions Hide other formats and editionsAuthor: Borhan Uddin Khan, Muhammad Mahbubur RahmanFormat: HardcoverProtection of Minorities: Regimes, Norms and Issues in ...https://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/protection-of...Aug 01, 2012 · Concentrating on India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Bhutan, the Maldives, and Afghanistan, an endeavor is made to examine the state of minorities and their protection under the domestic regimes. It emerges that the normative commitments of these states are more or less compatible with international standards.Author: Borhan Uddin KhanFormat: HardcoverPages: 165People also askWhich is the secular national identity of Pakistan?Which is the secular national identity of Pakistan?Social scientist Nasim Ahmad Jawed conducted a survey in 1969 in pre-divided Pakistan on the type of national identity that was used by educated professional people. He found that over 60% of people in East Pakistan (modern day Bangladesh) professed to have a secular national identity.Islamization in Pakistan - Wikipedia CHAPTER 5: National Level Protection of Minorities in South Asia 53-89 5.1 Minorities in India 53 5.1.1 The Constitution of India on minorities 53 5.1.2 Religious minorities 56 5.1.3 Linguistic minorities 59 5.1.4 Indigenous tribal groups 60 5.1.5 Dalits as a caste minority 61 5.2 Minorities in Pakistan 63Cited by: 1Publish Year: 2009Author: Borhan Uddin Khan, Muhammad Mahbubur RahmanFaculty of Law – Details of Md.
    [Show full text]
  • Marine Nuclear Power 1939 – 2018 Part 5 China-India-Japan & Others
    Marine Nuclear Power: 1939 - 2018 Part 5: China, India, Japan & other nations Peter Lobner July 2018 1 Foreword In 2015, I compiled the first edition of this resource document to support a presentation I made in August 2015 to The Lyncean Group of San Diego (www.lynceans.org) commemorating the 60th anniversary of the world’s first “underway on nuclear power” by USS Nautilus on 17 January 1955. That presentation to the Lyncean Group, “60 years of Marine Nuclear Power: 1955 – 2015,” was my attempt to tell a complex story, starting from the early origins of the US Navy’s interest in marine nuclear propulsion in 1939, resetting the clock on 17 January 1955 with USS Nautilus’ historic first voyage, and then tracing the development and exploitation of marine nuclear power over the next 60 years in a remarkable variety of military and civilian vessels created by eight nations. In July 2018, I finished a complete update of the resource document and changed the title to, “Marine Nuclear Power: 1939 – 2018.” What you have here is Part 5: China, India, Japan and Other Nations. The other parts are: Part 1: Introduction Part 2A: United States - Submarines Part 2B: United States - Surface Ships Part 3A: Russia - Submarines Part 3B: Russia - Surface Ships & Non-propulsion Marine Nuclear Applications Part 4: Europe & Canada Part 6: Arctic Operations 2 Foreword This resource document was compiled from unclassified, open sources in the public domain. I acknowledge the great amount of work done by others who have published material in print or posted information on the internet pertaining to international marine nuclear propulsion programs, naval and civilian nuclear powered vessels, naval weapons systems, and other marine nuclear applications.
    [Show full text]
  • India's Rise After Pokhran II
    INDIA’S RISE AFTER POKHRAN II Chinese Analyses and Assessments Jing-dong Yuan The South Asian nuclear tests of May 1998 represented a major setback for international nuclear nonproliferation efforts. New Delhi and Islamabad have so far resisted international calls for nuclear restraint and have declined to sign unconditionally the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT) and the nuclear nonproliferation treaty (NPT). Both India and Paki- stan are in the process of formulating their respective nuclear doctrines and determining the structure of their nuclear forces; at the same time, the two countries are also moving apace with their ballistic missile programs through a series of test launches. The current standoff along the India-Pakistan line of control (LOC) risks potential escalation to open military conflict. These de- velopments have serious implications for South Asian security. The May 1998 nuclear tests and the changing South Asian security dy- namic significantly affect China’s assessments of its own security environ- ment in the face of an emerging and nuclear India, its South Asia policy in general and the relationship with Pakistan in particular, and its relations with India in the coming years. This article reviews and discusses Chinese re- sponses to the Indian nuclear tests and seeks to address three sets of issues. First, the consequences of India’s nuclear tests for international arms control and nonproliferation, South Asian security, and Sino-Indian relations will be considered. Second, India’s rise as a major power and the challenges this Jing-dong Yuan is Senior Research Associate, Center for Nonprolifer- ation Studies, Monterey Institute of International Studies, Monterey, Calif.
    [Show full text]
  • History of Nuclear Fusion Research in Japan
    H-PTh-14 History of Nuclear Fusion Research in Japan Harukazu IGUCHI, Keisuke MATSUOKA1, Kazue KIMURA, Chusei NAMBA, and Shinzaburo MATSUDA2 Fusion Science Archives, National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki 509-5292, Japan 1 Prof. Emeritus of National Institute for Fusion Science, Japan. 2 Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan E-mail:[email protected] The atomic energy research was declassified worldwide at the International Conference on the Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy in 1955. In the late 1950s there was a lively discussion among scientists on the strategy of nuclear fusion research in Japan, leading to the conclusion that fusion research should be started from the basic, namely, research on plasma physics and from cultivation of human resources at universities under the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture (MOE). However, an endorsement was given that construction of an experimental device for fusion research would be approved sooner or later. Meanwhile, confinement studies were conducted specifically in USSR and USA with tokamaks and multipoles, respectively. In Japan, studies on toroidal plasma confinement started at Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute (JAERI) under the Science and Technology Agency (STA) in the mid-1960s. Successful results from tokamak researches in USSR encouraged scientists worldwide, which resulted in construction rush of tokamaks in Japan, too. However, dualistic fusion research framework established in 1960s has lasted until now; MOE for science and STA for development. World Trend in Early Days as a Background Extracted from “Presidential Address at the 1st International REVIEW OF EXPERIMENTAL The 3rd IAEA Conf. on Nuclear Fusion at Novosibirsk, 1968 Conference on the Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy” by Mr.
    [Show full text]