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Exercitus. Aufgaben, Organisation Und Befehlsstruktur Römischer Armeen Während Der Kaiserzeit Inaugural-Dissertation Zur Erlan

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Exercitus. Aufgaben, Organisation Und Befehlsstruktur Römischer Armeen Während Der Kaiserzeit Inaugural-Dissertation Zur Erlan Exercitus. Aufgaben, Organisation und Befehlsstruktur römischer Armeen während der Kaiserzeit Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung der Doktorwürde der Philosophischen Fakultät der Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg i. Br. vorgelegt von Jörg Scheuerbrandt aus Freiburg WS 2003/2004 Erstgutachter: Prof. Dr. Hans Ulrich Nuber Zweitgutachter: Prof. Dr. Aloys Winterling Vorsitzende des Promotionsausschusses der Gemeinsamen Komission der Philologischen, Philosophischen und Wirtschafts- und Verhaltenswissenschaftlichen Fakultät: Prof. Dr. Elisabeth Cheauré Datum der Disputation: 02.02.2004 1 Inhaltsverzeichnis I. EINLEITUNG ..................................................................................................... 4 A. DEFINITION DER VERWENDETEN BEGRIFFE .........................................................................................................4 1. Militärische Organisation...................................................................................................................................4 2. Strategie und Taktik – die verschiedenen Planungsebenen des Krieges...................................................5 B. FORSCHUNGSGESCHICHTE : S TRATEGIE UND TAKTIK DER RÖMISCHEN ARMEE ............................................7 II. AUFGABEN ......................................................................................................... 9 A. EROBERUNGSFELDZÜGE ............................................................................................................................................9 1. Definition .............................................................................................................................................................9 2. Die Eroberung Galliens (58-51 v. Chr.) ...................................................................................................... 10 3. Die Eroberung Britanniens durch Cn. Iulius Agricola (77-84 n. Chr.).................................................. 17 4. Strategie ............................................................................................................................................................. 18 B. GRENZKRIEGE .......................................................................................................................................................... 19 1. Definition .......................................................................................................................................................... 19 2. Die Rheingrenze von 9 n. Chr. bis in die Spätantike................................................................................. 20 3. Die Armenienkriege Neros ............................................................................................................................ 25 4. Militärische Unterstützung von Klientelkönigen ....................................................................................... 26 5. Strategie ............................................................................................................................................................. 27 C. DURCHSETZUNG DER ÖFFENTLICHEN ORDNUNG INNERHALB DER PROVINZEN ...................................... 29 1. Definition .......................................................................................................................................................... 29 2. Der Aufstand des Tacfarinas in Nordafrika (17-24 n. Chr.) .................................................................... 29 3. Der Aufstand von Iulius Sacrovir und Iulius Florus in Gallien (21 n. Chr.)......................................... 31 4. Unruheherd Cilicia........................................................................................................................................... 31 5. Unruheherd Iudaea.......................................................................................................................................... 32 6. Strategie ............................................................................................................................................................. 36 D. AUFGABEN : D IE ARMEE IM „K LEINEN KRIEG “ ................................................................................................ 37 III. ORGANISATION ...............................................................................................41 A. DER EXERCITUS ........................................................................................................................................................ 41 1. Theorie: Die Militärschriftsteller................................................................................................................... 42 a) Das System der griechischen Taktiker ..............................................................................................................................44 b) Hyginus............................................................................................................................................................................53 c) Vegetius............................................................................................................................................................................58 2. Theorie und Praxis: Arrians ἔκταξις κατ᾽ Ἀλανῶν................................................................................. 59 a) Die Zusammensetzung der Expeditionsarmee ..................................................................................................................59 b) Die Marschordnung..........................................................................................................................................................66 c) Die Schlachtordnung.........................................................................................................................................................68 d) Die Stärke der Expeditionsarmee ....................................................................................................................................70 e) Die Befehlsstruktur ..........................................................................................................................................................72 f) Fazit: Römische Strukturen und griechische Taktik ........................................................................................................72 3. Praxis I: Die exercitus expeditionum .................................................................................................................. 76 a) Die Armeen in Iudaea (66-70 n. Chr.)...........................................................................................................................77 b) Agricola am Mons Graupius (83 n. Chr)........................................................................................................................80 c) Aurelian gegen die Palmyrener (273 n. Chr.)...................................................................................................................81 4. Praxis II: Die exercitus provinciarum ................................................................................................................. 83 a) Die Armee in Britannien (Tab. 1)...................................................................................................................................83 b) Die Armeen in Germanien...............................................................................................................................................84 (1) Germania inferior (Tab. 2) .............................................................................................................................................84 (2) Germania superior (Tab. 3)............................................................................................................................................84 2 (3) Raetia (Tab. 4)..................................................................................................................................................................85 c) Die Armeen im Illyricum I: Pannonia .............................................................................................................................86 (1) Dalmatia............................................................................................................................................................................86 (2) Illyricum/Pannonia (Tab. 5)...........................................................................................................................................86 (3) Pannonia superior (Tab. 6).............................................................................................................................................87 (4) Pannonia inferior (Tab. 7) ..............................................................................................................................................87 (5) Noricum ...........................................................................................................................................................................88 d) Die Armeen im Illyricum II: Moesia................................................................................................................................89 (1) Moesia superior (Tab. 8; Tab. 8a)..................................................................................................................................89 (2) Moesia inferior (Tab. 9; Tab. 9a) ...................................................................................................................................89
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