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Seven Lakes in San Pablo City : Research Updates

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Seven Lakes in San Pablo City : Research Updates Perez, T., Claveria, R., Dayrit, F., Espiritu, E. Unson, R. and Favis, A. Department of Environmental Science Ateneo de Manila University Lake Location Coordinates Area (ha) Depth (Barangay) (meters) Bunot Concepcion 14.083 0N 121.343 0E 30.5 23 Calibato Sto. Angel 14.105 0N 121.377 0E 42 135 Pandin San Lorenzo 14.116 0N 121.367 0E 20.5 63 Yambo San Lorenzo 14.121 0N 121.365 0E 28.5 n/a Palacpaquen San 14.111 0N 121.338 0E 43 7.5 Buenaventura Mohicap Santa 14.126 0N 121.334 0E 14.5 n/a Catalina Sampaloc Poblacion 14.079 0N 121.33 0E 104 27 The Seven Lakes A common resource for the lake shore community Impacts of Aquaculture and increased population along the lake shore Chironomidae (midge larvae) Tipulidae (cranefly) Culicidae Dixidae (dixid Ceratopogonidae (mosquito) midge) Stratiomyidae (biting midge) San Pablo City, Philippines Study Area: •Lake Mohicap •Lake Sampaloc •Lake Calibato •Lake Palaqpaquen •City District •Adjoining wells, springs and rivers Research Areas Water Quality Assessment Physico-Chemical Parameters Biological Indicators Sediment Analysis Nutrient Availability/Dispersion Coliform Contamination Soil Analysis Primary Production Water Resource Mapping Aquaculture A study was made to Lake investigate the composition of Palacpaquen the macroinvertebrates in Lake Palacpaquen. A study was made to provide baseline data on the primary productivity and nutrient availability of Lake Palacpaquen. A study was made to assess the physico-chemical characteristics of the lake sediments of Palacpaquin Lake and adjoining rivers. determined the extent of fecal waste present and the quality and Lake safety of the water from selected Mohicap, springs for human consumption. Calibato and identified the phytoplankton and Sampaloc macrobenthic invertebrates used a geochemical approach in examining the ecological and geographical changes of the lakes characterized the soils in the area surrounding the seven lakes of San Pablo determined the physico-chemical characteristics, nutrient concentrations and metals content of the lakes Connecting springs, rivers generated geo-physical and geo- and surrounding chemical distribution maps of the soil grain size analysis, sulfate and organic carbon concentrations in sediments in selected San Pablo lakes and their adjoining rivers. assessed the impacts of anthropogenic activities to the water resources of San Pablo City and its vicinities Monitored and assessed the microbiological water quality of selected springs and a well by detecting its coliform content using the Most Probable Number (MPN) Geo-chemical Distribution of Sulfates in Selected Lakes and Rivers of San Pablo, Laguna sulfates phosphates 350 7 300 6 250 5 200 4 ppm 150 ppm 3 100 2 50 1 0 0 center a center b inlet a inlet b littoral a littoral b outlet center a center b inlet a inlet b littoral a littoral b outlet site site Comparison of sulfate concentrations Comparison of phosphate concentrations among the selected sampling sites in and among the selected sampling sites in and around Palacpaquin Lake around Palacpaquin Lake Conclusion • lake and river sediments are generally coarse grained and are moderately or poorly sorted • sulfates increase with decreasing grain size • anthropogenic contributions of sulfates to lake and river systems – Calibato Lake is the least influenced – Lake Mohicap - the more high-impact lake – Lakes Palacpaquen and Sampaloc are the most affected Conclusion • percent organic carbon is generally low • no correlation between sulfates and percent organic carbon was observed. An Assessment of the Benthic Community Structure: Implications on the Water Quality of Lake Palacpaquen, San Pablo City, Philippines Conclusion •Lake is possibly affected by organic pollution. •In situ water quality parameters had low correlations with biotic indices but they contribute to physical characteristics of habitat together with the substrata. Conclusion •Substrate composition at different points in the lake varied in type and sizes, from large organic debris to finer particles. •BBI: Lake is moderately polluted to lightly polluted. •FBI: substantial pollution is likely; water quality is fairly poor. Determining Macrophyte Primary Production and Nutrient Availability in Lake Palacpaquen, San Pablo City, Laguna Conclusion • Lake Palacpaquen is suitable as a Class C water for aquaculture purposes • Lake Palacpaquen is also polluted in terms of 3- PO4 concentration, making it susceptible to eutrophication and algal blooms that could pose a threat to primary production and in the aquaculture industry in the long run. Morphometry and Sedimentation of Palacpaquen Lake, San Pablo City, Laguna, Philippines Gil Arsenic J. Severino March 2007 Bathymetric Map N Bathymetric Map of Palacpaquen Lake Figure 7. Wire-frame map of Palacpaquen Lake and vicinities Morphometry and Sedimentation Rate • Based on satellite images (Google Earth, 2003), the estimated radius of the lake’s surface is about 408.54 m Figure 8. Google Image Assessment of Coliform Contamination in Selected Springs and a Well found in San Pablo City, Laguna Conclusion • Most of the springs are highly contaminated with total and fecal coliforms except for the Mohicap spring •The MPN/100 ml values for all springs and the well exceed the standard set by the Department of Health and Department of Environment and Natural Resources which is 0 or < 2 MPN/100 ml Conclusion • Nearly all the water samples tested were nonpotable • Total and fecal coliform contamination vary one way or another due to the varying hydrogeological properties of the area and the capacity of overlying soil strata to disperse or eliminate possible coliform contaminants. The Physico-Chemical Characterization of sediments in Palacpaquin Lake and adjoining River Systems, San Pablo, Laguna Conclusion • Sediment samples from the center of the lake show highest nutrient concentration in all of the analyses done • The general variability of nutrient concentration could be attributed mainly to anthropogenic activities within and around the Palacpaquin Lake. These activities range from domestic to aquaculture. Assessing the Effects of Anthropogenic Activities to the Hydrology of San Pablo: Implications to Water Resources Conclusion • Built up areas in San Pablo consisting mainly of residential and commercial areas are concentrated around Sampaloc Lake Sampaloc Lake is the most vulnerable to anthropogenic impacts compared to the other lakes in the city. Conclusion • There is a fairly sufficient water supply in San Pablo as shown by the presence of several springs and other surface water bodies in the city and its geology San Pablo’s main concern would be the consequences of anthropogenic activities to the quality of its water resources Conclusion • Anthropogenic activities characterized by land transformations and aquaculture will have devastating impacts on the surface and groundwater systems of San Pablo unless proper land and water resource planning and management are implemented An Assessment of the Coliform Contamination in the Sampaloc, Mohicap and Calibato Lake Waters and Selected Springs Conclusion • The three lakes and the springs were found to be positive of fecal contamination •Sampaloc Lake has the highest average concentration, followed by Mohicap and then Calibato •Concentrations in the peripheries were also noted to be higher than those in the center for Mohicap and Calibato •The results indicate that the lakes are Class C water bodies An Assessment on the Phytoplankton and Macrobenthic Organisms as Biological Indicators in Calibato, Mohicap and Sampaloc Lakes Conclusion • The presence of more phytoplanktons in cooler months is detrimental to the fishes in all three lakes as this suggests algal blooms which would result to fish kill • The Belgian Biotic Index indicated that all three lakes are polluted Recommendation • The results for this study recommends the fishermen to harvest before cold months or to minimize their inputs during cold months because it is during these months, fishkills are likely to occur Nutrient Dispersion Patterns in Drainage and Lake Sediments: A Study of Sourcing for Selected Lakes in San Pablo, Laguna Conclusion •Mohicap Lake seems to be the more high-impact lake than Calibato, with Sampaloc Lake being the most utilized •High sulfate values are indicative of high anthropogenic influence on these lakes, including inlets, littoral zones and outlets Recommendation • It is important to pay attention to the particular sources of nutrients in the inlets or springs of the lakes. Knowledge of these would help minimize nutrient pollution and facilitate management of the lakes. A geo-physical and geo- chemical assessment of soils surrounding selected lakes of San Pablo, Laguna A Comparative Study of the Effectiveness of Commercial and Farm-made Feeds on the Growth of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Camille Jaojoco Villasin BS Environmental Science 2007 Monitoring of Tilapia Growth • 2x a week for the first weeks of the study, once a week in the last 4 weeks • 5 fishes per tank randomly selected • weight - kitchen weighing scale. • width and length Economic Assessment total feed cost per kg, total cost, weight, kg Php Php Farm – made 2.89 17.00 49.13 Commercial 2.89 22.00 63.59 Economic Assessment during the 56-day feeding period A Comparative Study of the Effectiveness of Commercial and Farm-made Feeds on the Growth of Tilapia Camille Jaojoco Villasin Nutrient Dispersion Patterns in Drainage and Lake Sediments: A Study of Sourcing
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