Chapter 3 Overlay of Economic Growth, Demographic Trends, and Physical Characteristics Political Subdivisions CALABARZON is composed of 5 provinces, namely: Batangas, Cavite, Laguna, Quezon and Rizal; 25 congressional districts; 19 cities; 123 municipalities; and 4,011 barangays. The increasing number of cities reflects the rapid urbanization taking place in many parts of the region. The politico- administrative subdivision of CALABARZON per province is presented in Table 3.1. Table 3.1 CALABARZON Politico-Administrative Subdivision, 2015 CONGRESSIONAL PROVINCE CITIES MUNICIPALITIES BARANGAYS DISTRICTS 2010 2015 2010 2015 2010 2015 2010 2015 Batangas 4 6 3 3 31 31 1,078 1,078 Cavite 7 7 4 7 19 16 829 829 Laguna 4 4 4 6 26 24 674 674 Quezon 4 4 2 2 39 39 1,242 1,242 Rizal 4 4 1 1 13 13 188 188 Total 23 25 14 19 128 123 4,011 4,011 Source: DILG IV-A Population and urbanization trends, transportation and settlements The population of CALABARZON in 2015 reached 14.4 million, which is higher than the NCR population by 1.53 million. With an annual growth rate of 2.58 percent between 2010 and 2015, the and NCR. The R , indicating its room for expansion. Urban-rural growth development shows that the Region has increasing urban population compared to rural population. From 1970 to 2010, the region posted increasing urban population with the Province of Rizal having the highest number of urban population among the provinces (Table 3.2). Table 3.2. Percentage Distribution of Urban-Rural Population, CALABARZON, 1970 to 2010 PROVINCE 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 URBAN RURAL URBAN RURAL URBAN RURAL URBAN RURAL URBAN RURAL Cavite 50.2 49.8 59.8 40.2 70.4 29.6 86.81 13.19 63.1 36.9 Laguna 50.1 49.9 61.0 39.0 77.6 22.4 83.49 16.51 71.9 28.1 Batangas 14.7 85.3 17.0 83.0 45.4 54.6 44.35 55.65 32.7 67.3 Rizal 52.4 47.6 75.0 25.0 91.2 8.8 95.79 4.21 92.7 7.3 Quezon 29.8 70.2 29.1 70.9 31.7 68.3 21.96 78.04 29.0 71.0 CALABARZON 35.1 64.9 43.4 56.6 61.0 39.0 67.39 32.61 59.7 40.3 Sources: 2010 Census of Population, 2000 Census of Population, 1990 Urban Rural Population Chapter 3 Overlay of Economic Growth, Demographic Trends, and Physical Characteristics | 17 Population growth is attributed mainly to in-migration, population momentum, relatively higher birth rate, and increasing life expectancies. The direction of rapid population movement was most evident towards the highly urbanizing and industrializing areas of Cavite, Laguna and Rizal as CALABARZON the population density of Cavite at 2,857 per square kilometer, Rizal at 2,204 per square kilometer, and Laguna at 1,725 per square kilometer. A geospatial analysis shows that the population of CALABARZON is centered somewhere in Laguna and is moving towards Manila. Urbanization in CALABARZON became more evident with improvements in its infrastructure, roads, transportation and telecommunication facilities, making the Region the industrialization showcase of the Philippines. As a result, industrial and technoparks, commercial complexes and residential developments began to emerge with increased intensity. To date, the provinces of Rizal, Cavite and Laguna have higher percentage of population in urban areas compared to the regional average. Thus, CALABARZON remains to be an attractive prospect for development projects such as residential subdivisions, sports and leisure centers, and industrial complexes. Transportation and Settlements The growth and distribution of settlements in CALABARZON were influenced primarily by the evolution of the region's transportation system. In terms of land transport, the national road in CALABARZON increased by 25.2 kilometers from 2016 to 2018 with a total national road length of 2,542.32 kilometers. Further, the length of permanent bridges increased from 18,547 linear meters in 2016 to 18,575.17 linear meters in 2018, while the number of permanent bridges in CALABARZON decreased to 651 in 2018 from 654 in 2017 due to the undergoing rehabilitation. Aside from the existing expressways in the Region, there are two ongoing expressway projects in the region, namely the SLEX Toll Road 4 (TR4) and the Cavite-Laguna Expressway (CALAEX). The SLEX TR4 is a four-lane 66.74 kilometers toll road from Sto. Tomas City, Batangas to Mayao, Lucena City while CALAEX is a 4-lane 45.29 kilometers closed-system toll expressway connecting CAVITEX and SLEX. Both projects are expected to be completed by 2022. In terms of railways, the DOTr is currently implementing the North South Commuter Railway Project which is a 147 kilometer elevated railway that will run from New Clark City in Capas, Tarlac to Calamba, Laguna, with a total of 36 stations. As of November 2019, the PNR segment from Calamba to Los Baños is already operational. Despite improvements in land transportation, the region is still faced by traffic congestions along major roads, road obstructions, deteriorating road conditions, road flooding, insufficient lightings and signages, and limited access to tourist destinations, agricultural production areas, and geographically- isolated and disadvantaged areas. On water transport, the existing ports in Batangas and Quezon Provinces are important transport facilities that connect CALABARZONto island regions of MIMAROPA and Western Visayas. These port facilities are vital mode of transport for tourism, manufacturing and agriculture-based industries. Chapter 3 Overlay of Economic Growth, Demographic Trends, and Physical Characteristics | 23 Hierarchy of Functions and Settlements Figure 3.1 shows a map of qualitative indication of the kind of centers and, therefore, the role of a settlement based on population size. In general, larger populations yield wider scale of activities, and more varied and complex activities because of greater opportunities for division of labor and specialization. The map shows that there are only a few settlements in the region classified in the upper tier or regions with big population sizes that perform complex and major roles. Figure 3.1 CALABARZON Network of Settlements, 2015 Using the typologies of settlements set by the National Spatial Strategy (NSS), the current settlements patterns of the region are as follows: International (or potential international) centers which possess a strong potential to have direct international linkages and comprise of around 1.2 million and larger population. The areas of San Pedro-Calamba, Bacoor-Dasmarinas, Cainta-Antipolo were identified as International Centers. Regional centers have population ranging from 120,000-1.2 million and have markets that serve well beyond their local boundaries. Identified areas under this type are Antipolo City, Dasmarinas City, Calamba City, Batangas City and Lucena City. Subregional Centers are relatively large settlements that form the market catchments of regional centers. They also connect to and serve as service centers of smaller provincial and local centers. The areas have a minimum population size of 120,000. As subregional centers grow, they tend to merge 2 Regional Development Plan 2017-2022 4 with adjacent regional centers to form even larger metropolitan areas. A total of 20 settlements in the region are included in this category. Provincial centers have population from 50,000-120,000 and have extended city-municipal service coverage but do not go beyond their host province. These centers can support some national chains such as McDonalds, DHL distribution centers, as well as small regional or provincial airports, hospitals and non-deluxe hotels. There are 39 settlements in this category. Local centers have population below 50,000 and the most obvious indicator is the presence of some form of food retail from the local carinderia to a fastfood restaurant and a local health clinic or similar facility. More than half (54 percent) of the Region of local or rural centers. Overall Spatial Strategy Centers, Corridors and Wedges (CCW) approach A sound spatial strategy is imperative to achieve the region's vision, goals, and development outcomes. In 2011, the CCW approach was adopted as the region rategy (RSS) where various settlements in the region were grouped according to the said categoriesi. The criteria for identifying and determining the clusters include contiguity, complementation of roles, growth potentials, and similarities of issues and concerns. The CCW seeks to direct and stimulate development and growth from west to east, as well as strengthen north-south development and access corridors. This approach links urban and rural populations better through greater interplay of economic activities that, in effect, can generate additional income and employment opportunities. Through the CCW approach, centers or clusters which are presently heavily populated shall be further developed to enhance their roles as administrative centers and hubs of economic activities for industries, commerce, finance and services. The corridor areasii, on the other hand, shall be developed along the existing major transport routes in the region while the wedges shall be grouped to form smaller, functional clusters to facilitate planning and implementation of programs and projects, with a focus on agri-modernization and settlements developmentiii. Concentration, Connectivity and Vulnerability Reduction (CCVR) The CCW is enhanced to be consistent with the NSS and the Luzon Spatial Development Framework (LSDF). As espoused by the NSS and the LSDF, the following are considered in updating the RSS: (1) Understand the population size, activities and spatial distribution of population; (2) Identify and understand