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Funghi E Natura N. 2 funghi e natura www.ambpadova.it Anno XL ~ 2° semestre 2013 Associazione Micologica Bresadola Gruppo di Padova www.ambpadova.it In copertina : Clitocybe gibba Notizie utili foto di Giuseppe e-mail: [email protected] Costiniti Sede a Padova Via Pinelli 4 C/C/ Postale 14153357 C.F. 00738410281 Quota associativa anno 2013: € 25,00 inclusa ricezione della “ Rivista di Micologia ” edita da AMB Nazionale e “ Funghi e Natura ” del Gruppo di Padova. Incontri e serate ad Albignasego (PD) nella Casa delle Associazioni, in via Damiano SOMMARIO Chiesa, angolo Via Fabio Filzi Presidente Giuseppe Costiniti (tel. 049 5741350), Funghi e Natura 30 giugno 2013 Renato Zangrandi (Presidente Onorario). Vice Pres. Mario Giliberto (tel. 348 8949007). Segretario e tesoriere Paolo Bordin (tel. 049 8725104). Resp. Gruppo di Studio Rossano Giolo La cronaca delle attività pag. 3 (tel. 049 9714147). di P. Bordin Supervisore attività tecnico-scientifiche: Paolo Di Piazza. Resp. attività ricreative: Ennio Albertin (tel. 049 Come vivere a spese di una russula pag. 5 811681). Asterophora parasitica Resp. organizzazione mostre ed erbario: Andrea Caval- di F. Galvanin letto con la collaborazione di Donatello Caccin. Resp. pubbliche relazioni: Gino Segato (tel. 049 613881) e Ida Varotto. Il fungo della copertina pag. 9 Gestione materiale e allestimento mostre: Ennio Alber- Clitocybe gibba tin, Gaetano Friso e A. Perco-Nanti. di M. Giliberto Responsabile Funghi e Natura: Giovanni Di Stasio. Consiglio Direttivo : Il fascino della micologia alpina pag. 10 G. Costiniti, E. Albertin, P. Bordin, D. Caccin, A. Caval- Hygrocybe quieta letto, M. Giliberto, R. Giolo, R. Menegazzo, A. Perco-Nanti, G. Segato e I. Varotto. di Enrico Bizio Revisori dei Conti : Buson Mario, Checchetto Alfredo e Novella Riccardo . Grazioso fuori e seducente dentro pag. 15 Inocybe asterospora di G. Costiniti funghi Il cortinario villoso pag. 18 e Cortinarius canabarba natura di G. Di Stasio Articolisti di questo numero: Un fungo dal cappello venato pag. 21 Enrico Bizio, Paolo Bordin, Giuseppe Costiniti, Gio- Pluteus thomsonii vanni Di Stasio, Federico Galvanin, Mario Giliberto e di R. Giolo Rossano Giolo. Direzione e grafica: Giovanni Di Stasio Un incontro inaspettato pag. 24 Vice Direzione e traduzioni: Federico Galvanin Limacela glioderma Comitato di lettura: Gianantonio Fongher, di G. Costiniti F. Galvanin e G. Di Stasio Realizzazione e stampa: A.M.B. Gruppo di Padova I prossimi appuntamenti pag. 27 La versione stampata di Funghi e Natura è inviata gra- tuitamente a tutti agli associati in regola con la quota sociale. TERMINATO IL 30 GIUGNO 2013 2 natura dalla Segreteria e di Paolo Bordin funghi funghi La cronaca delle attività entili soci, colta, tramandata da padre G anche quest'anno la partecipa- in figlio. zione alle serate, ben organizza- La dottoressa Zuin ci ha te dal Gruppo di Studio, è stata più che mostrato anche alcune im- soddisfacente. magini dell'orto di erbe Particolarmente interessante è stata la spontanee da lei realizzato a serata sulle erbe fitoalimurgiche (parola Legnaro. difficile che sta ad indicare le erbe spontanee che la natura of- fre per l'alimen- tazione) relatrice la dott. Maria Clara Zuin, tec- nologa del CNR di Legnaro. Era- no presenti quasi cento persone che hanno potuto apprezzare il fil- mato realizzato dalla Sig.ra Zuin Un momento della cena sociale di primavera (foto: A. Perco-Nanti) nel quale venivano intervistati alcuni A seguito del grande inte- anziani residenti nei Colli Euganei, che resse suscitato, la nostra As- si esprimevano in dialetto. Dalle intervi- sociazione ha nei program- ste è stato apprezzato la grande cono- mi del 2014 una visita gui- scenza che essi avevano delle erbe, dei data, con la partecipazione luoghi di crescita e dei periodi della rac- della dottoressa Zuin stessa. 3 ESCURSIONI SUI COLLI EUGANEI. RIPRESA DELLE ATTI- Le due escursioni si sono regolarmente VITA' effettuate, con l’adesione anche degli Ricordiamo ai soci che le amici del Gruppo AMB di Chioggia attività riprenderanno do- Sottomarina, nonostante le pessime menica 1° settembre con la condizioni atmosferiche durante la se- mostra micologica di Tre- conda uscita, che contemplava la salita baseleghe. a Rocca Pendice. Comunque, vista la La sera di lunedì 2 settem- presenza di un discreto numero di soci, bre, come di consueto nella l'escursione è stata effettuata ugualmen- Casa delle Associazioni di te, modificando però il percorso in al- Albignasego (PD) verranno cuni tratti, a causa del terreno partico- ripresi con videocamera e larmente scivoloso. Arrivati in cima, commentati i funghi più in- pur faticosamente, dove si trovavano i teressanti esposti all'esposi- resti di un antico castello dal quale a- zione micologica di Treba- vremmo potuto osservare addirittura il seleghe. lontano mare Adriatico, abbiamo dovu- Vi auguriamo buone ferie to, invece, accontentarci di un esteso con raccolte interessanti e vi "mare" di nuvole! aspettiamo numerosi in set- Soltanto verso la fine un tiepido sole ha tembre alla ripresa delle atti- potuto allietare il nostro ritorno. vità. Ricordiamo ai nostri lettori che dal nostro sito: www.ambpadova.it si possono scaricare tutti i numeri di Funghi e Natura degli ultimi 7 anni. 4 natura e Come vivere a spese di una russula di Federico Galvanin funghi funghi Asterophora parasitica ABSTRACT The bizarre parasitical nature of Asterophora carne dura e gessosa virante al parasitica , a species growing on rotten russula nero (della sezione fanno parte fruiting bodies, is described in the article. The article is completed by photos of the species in ad esempio Russula nigricans e its habitat and microscopic analysis . Russula densifolia ). Quello che ha catturato la mia attenzione è il o studio della micologia ci insegna l'im- fatto che tali russule erano attac- L portanza del mondo vegetale per la cre- cate da un fungo parassita dal scita dei funghi, indispensabile sia per i cappello sericeo biancastro e dai saprotrofi (o saprofiti), cioè funghi che si nutro- riflessi grigiastri. Piccoli basidio- no di materia orga- nica morta o in decomposizione, sia per i sim- bionti, funghi che realizzano un'interazione intima con le specie vegetali che porta giova- mento ad en- trambi gli orga- nismi viventi coinvolti. Meno frequentemente si trovano funghi Asterophora parasitica (foto: R. Menegazzo) parassiti, cioè funghi che vivono e si riproducono a spese di un altro organismo mi bianchi spuntavano anche dai vivente, spesso provocandone la morte. carpofori di Russula non ancora Durante un'escursione nei boschi di Valle di putrescenti, mentre alcuni esem- Cadore (BL) passeggiavo in un ombroso e umi- plari più maturi crescevano addi- do bosco misto con netta prevalenza di faggio e rittura fascicolati su carcasse di abete bianco quando mi sono imbattuto in un russule in decomposizione. L'a- gruppo di esemplari del genere Russula , alcuni spetto del fungo e la curiosa mo- in avanzata fase di decomposizione. Erano Rus- dalità di crescita non lasciavano sule della sezione Compactae , caratterizzate da adito a dubbi: si trattava di esem- 5 plari di Asterophora parasitica , fungo parassita stelle” (riferendosi alle particola- dal portamento esile crescente su vecchi basidio- re forma delle clamidospore di mi di Russula o Lactarius. Tale fungo è in grado questo fungo) mentre il nome di riprodursi assessuatamente mediante clamido- della specie deriva dal latino spore (spore assessuate, prodotte direttamente parasiticus = da parassita. dalla carne del carpoforo) oppure, occasional- DESCRIZIONE mente, in maniera sessuata (mediante spore ge- Cappello : 0.5-2.5 cm, da conico- nerate dai basidi, come avviene comunemente campanulato a convesso appiana- nei basidiomiceti). L'osservazione al microsco- to, sovente con umbone centrale pio di questo fungo rivela la massiccia presenza accentuato; margine vistosamen- di clamidospore, mentre rare sono le spore pro- te striato; superficie del cappello dotte dai basidi, localizzate per lo più sul filo liscia e sericea di color grigio- lamellare. biancastro con riflessi lillacei. Nel seguito si riporta una breve descrizione si- Imenoforo : lamelle spaziate e stematica, macroscopica e microscopica. relativamente spesse di color Asterophora parasitica (Pers.) Singer grigio-biancastro. Gambo : 2-5 x 0.2-0.4 cm, cilin- Sinonimi: Nyctalis parasitica, Gymnopus parasiticus Posizione sistematica Classe: Basidiomycota, Ordi- ne: Agaricales, Famiglia: Lyophyllaceae, Genere: Asterophora, Specie: parasitica. Note sulla posizione siste- matica : descritto da Elias Magnus Fries nel 1852, come Agaricus parasiticus, fu tra- sferito nel genere Asteropho- ra nel 1951 da Rolf Singer. Due immagini di Asterophora parasitica su Russula nigri- Questo genere annovera fun- cans. (foto: R. Menegazzo) ghi parassiti di Russula o Lac- tarius caratterizzati dalla pre- senza di clamidospore e la- melle non pienamente svilup- pate. La collocazione del Ge- nere Asterophora nella Fami- glia Lyophyllaceae è tuttora oggetto di discussione nella comunità scientifica interna- zionale. Etimologia : asterophora de- riva da astér = stella e phéro = io porto, quindi “che porta 6 drico e spesso contorto, concolore al cappello. za nei funghi ospiti di mannitolo, Anello : assente uno zucchero semplice che è pre- Carne : esigua, bianco-brunastra dal forte odore sente fino al 24.5% in peso secco farinoso, sapore simile. in Russula nigricans e Russula densifolia . Studi approfonditi sul- Macroreazioni : non distintive. la crescita in vitro di questo fungo Habitat : cresce in
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