March 26, 1929. F. POKORNY 1,706,861 INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE vFiled March 24, 1926

\\ ' Patented Mar. 26, 1929.. .v v 1,706,861 UNITED _ STATES, PATENT ‘OFFICE.

FRANK POKOBN-Y, OF MAMAIRONECK, NEW YORK. ” ' m'rnniuncomrnusrxon ENGINE. Application med March 24; 192s. Serial in». 96,915. . This invention relates to_internal combus exhaustmanifold when the engineiis idling tion engines and my improvements are di? or under light load,v is that of thereby in rected to means for avoiding the suction in suring an. oven temperature as well as any ?ow of lubricating oil into the cylinders while even pressure throughoutlthe cylinders so 5 permitting the piston and cylinder surfaces that the distribution of gaseous-mixture, to’ 60 to be sut?ciently lubricated through the the different cylinders may be uniform and ' splash system. " ‘ , ‘ v . the engine, in consequence is enabled to func- , Much of the carbonizing troubles in en tion with regular pulsations. gine cylinders and upon the," valves, their Also, by the same back‘ pressure means, .10 stems, guides and seats occurs through in ‘functioning when the engine is operating at 65 complete combustion of lubricant which is idling speed and-under light loads, the back drawn into the cylinders, past the piston pressure increasing with the speeding up‘ of rings, asa high vacuum is created, this con the ‘R. P1,.M. thereby the strength of the dition existing‘particularlywhen the engine vacuum '-is kept down" and prevented from '15 is running under a partly open throttle, be- drawing from the nozzle an excess of fuel cause when the throttle is more widely open which otherwise would result in the creation the more free ?lling of the cylinders with of‘ too rich a mixture. ’ . > ‘ gaseous mixture prevents the'creation of so '‘ Stillyfurther the back pressure provision high a vacuum. . under idling and light load conditions pre 20 But-with the establishment of a high vac vents the escape of unexploded ‘gaseous uum in the intake manifold under a strangled charges and causes them to be burnt in the" intake I have found it desirable to set up a exhaust mu?ier by succeeding explosions. - proportionate. degreeof back pressure in the lVith the ‘foregoing objects andradvan~ . exhaust manifold to thereby neutralize the tages in view my invention consistsvin the 25 otherwise existant tendency to induce an in provision of a valve mounted in the exhaust draught of ‘lubricant under reduced cylinder manifold and of operation means for said pressures. ~_ ‘ L‘ ‘ Q -~ C I v valve, controlled by the vacuum in the intake ' "A greater ‘amount of lubricating oil, is manifold, to regulate the exhaust passage drawn past the rings at light load and idling .and thereby setup a degree of back pressure 30 than at heavier load or when the motor is put proportionate to the height of the vacuum, under a strain.. This is due to the high to this under all conditions of engine op vacuumin theinlet manifold and insui?cient eration prevent the induction of lubricating heat- and back pressure in ‘the exhaust mani oil into the cylinders. fold. The oil gradually accumulates in the The controlling means devised by me com-r cylinder and'then is thrown against the spark prises a passage connecting the intake mani 90 - plugs andv works down the exhaust valve fold with a small cylinder in which is placed \ stems and‘ guides. Then when, the motor is a spring held plunger carrying a rod which put under load the oil only partly burns and is linked to the valve in the exhaust mani . ‘forms carbon'on the plugs and the upper part fold, in order that as the plunger responds 40 of the valve stems, while the lower part grad to the suction ull exerted by the vacuum in 95 ually gums up. The ‘oil when heatedl‘becomes the intake manlfold the exhaust passage may gummy because its lighter part burns and be correspondingly restricted. the thicker part remains forming a gum that 'Also my invention comprehends the em prevents the valve from closing ‘properly, also ployment of means connecting the move " spoiling the valve seat, by allowing the hot ments of the plunger and the throttle7 so that 100 gases to escape before the proper time. By each may be in?uenced by the other. means of my invention all the oil is burnt ' Other features and advantages of my in - from the plugs and valve stems at each power‘ vention will hereinafter appear. stroke by creating back pressure in the ex In the drawing there appear in side ele- ‘ haust manifold at light load and idling so vation, partly broken away, portions of the 105 as to retain some of the burnt gases to par intake and exhaust manifolds of an internal - tially ?ll the cylinder and supply heat for combustion‘ engine, thus being representa vaporizing a succeeding charge. ' tive of such engine, the view including the Another object sought and achieved by me showing of the back pressure valve in the ex~ _ through the creation of back pressure inv the haust manifold, the controlling device‘ (in 2 1,706,861 ‘side section) and its connection with the in swings the exhaust valve 5 toward its closed take manifold. . ‘ position.v Thus a degree of back pressure As representing an internal combustion is‘established in the exhaust manifold which engine equipped with my improvement I retains a part of the burnt gases in the cylin have shown at 1 a portion of an intake mani ders and tends to diminsh the vacuum in the 70 fold and at 2 a portion of an exhaust mani intake manifold and cylinders. fold. Also at 3, I have shown the intake Since the control of the exhaust valve is throttle in the passageway 4 leading to the variable in accordance with the strength of intake manifold, and in the exhaust manifold the vacuum as communicated to cylinder 6 10 I have indicated at 5 the exhaust throttle. and is therefore an automatic function of the 75 A cylinder 6 containing a spring held engine operation, it is evident that a balanced \plunger head 7, is here shown for example as vacuum is maintainedof insu?icient strength ' connected by means of a ball and socket joint to draw excess of lubricating oil into, the cyl 8 extended between the cylinder head 9 and a inders. I For, as the intake throttle is opened 1B boss 10 projected from the intake manifold. more widely, to permit the intake of fuel 80 Obviously other means of connection can be mixture in larger volume the consequent ?ll employed, but the ball‘ and socket joint is‘ de ing, of the intake manifold and cylinders sirable because the plunger rod 11, which more nearly satis?es the vacuum therein, so -works through a. stui?ng box an end closure that no tendency remains to draw in lubricat~ 20 device 12 for the cylinder 6, plvotally engages, , ing oil. 85 as by an extension 13, with a link 14 that is Located in ?xed relation to the exhaust fast upon the exhaust-valve spindle 15, A manifold isa stop 26 and extended from the spring '16 within the cylinder 6 normally ‘link 14 are two lugs 27 , 28, provided respec presses the plunger toward the head 9, and tively with adjustment screws 29, 30, adapted 25 in that spring pressed position of the plunger respectively to engage said stop, at opposite 00 the exhaust throttle is in its wide open po sides thereof, to limit the movement of the sition. - J 'v , exhaust throttle between its fullopen posi As means for moving the plunger 7 out tion and a position of partial closure, so that wardly,‘ against the tension of spring 16, to at no time can said exhaust throttle be com 30 thereby, through rod 11 andlink 14 turnthe pletely closed. exhaust valve .5 toward its closed position, I Also my invention includes a connection connect the cylinder 6 with the intake mani between the link 14 and the throttle lever 31 fold by. a pipe 17, this pipe preferably being to provide means whereby the exhaust of ?exible character so that it may yield in throttle may be moved from its partially the swaying motion ac'corded cylinder 6 in, closed position to its wide open position in 100 the swing of link 14. Pipe 17 is shown’ as the act of opening the intake throttle. Thus communicating with the intake manifold by a. bar 32 has pivotalconnection with link 5 connecting means 18, and with the cylinder 6 and carries a slide 33 that is in pivotal en by connecting means 19 attached to head 12'. gagcment with the intake throttle lever 31. 40 A passageway 20 inhea'd 12 leads from the A stop 34 upon bar 32 limits the movement cylinder interior to the connecting means 19, of slide 33 in one direction. The stop 34 is ' . this passageway being controlled by a. needle so spaced from slide 33 when the exhaust valve 21 to regulate its operative area. ~ throttle is wide open and the intake throttle ' Also the cylinder head 9 is provided with closed or nearly closed that the exhaust 45 a relief passageway 22, controlled by a needle throttle must swing through the are of its 110 ‘valve 23, for regulation thereof, and a ball closing movement before the stop 34 comes valve 24 is disposed ‘in a recess 25 provided. into operative relation with the'slide 33 on therefor in head 9 between passageway 22 and lever‘ 31——the intake throttle then being the cylinder interior. , v v . closed‘. Thus, while the act of closing the 50 This relief passageway is provided to per intake throttle has no direct effect upon the 115 mit return of-plunger 7, under the tension of exhaust throttle, yet the act of opening the spring 16, as the vacuum, pull diminishes, and intake‘ throttle has'the effect of also opening ' also, as is obvious, the opening to atmosphere the exhaust throttle. _ presented by the relief passageway enables Preferably with both throttles closed a 55 the plunger to respond to the vacuum pullfor space representing three quarters of the in its operation. ' v - > ‘ take throttle opening movement separates Now it' will be apparent that when the the slide 33 from stop 34, so that the intake engine is idling or under light load with the . throttle can be opened three quarters wide throttle valve partly open, thereby providing without communicating opening movement 69 a. high vacuum condition in the intake mani to the exhaust throttle, but during its last fold, the effect thereof is to reduce the pres quarter opening to full open position, the sure in cylinder'? by way of pipe 17, under slide and stop then contacting, the bar 32 whose in?uence and the relief means 22, suc pulls the exhaust 'throttle wide open. This tion pull is exerted to' draw the plunger 7 and positive or manual means of opening the ex its 'rod 11 outwardly, whereby the link 14 haust throttle may be desirable in case it fails _ 1,706,861 3

to respond quickly enough ‘under the in?u bustion engine, having an intake manifold, 40 ence of spring 16. an. exhaust manifold provided with a single Variations within the spirit and scope of exlt passage and exhaust control means locat my invention are equally comprehended by . ed in said exit passage, of a cylinder having _ the‘ foregoing disclosure. , relief means, a plunger in said cylinder, a I claim: - spring to press said plunger in one direction, 45 1. The combination with an internal com means connecting said plunger and throttle, bustion enginehaving an intake‘manifold, an and passage means connecting said cylinder exhaust manifold provided with a single exit with said intake manifold, whereby the , 10 passage and-exhaust control means located in ' vacuum created in said intake manifold will said exit passage, of means influenced by the move said plunger against the tension of said 50 vacuum created in said intake manifold, when spring, to thereby control said throttle, and the engine is operating under idling or light regulating means for said passage means. load conditions, for actuating said exhaust 5. Thecombi'nation, with .an internal com 15 control means,,to establish a degree of back bustion engine, having an intake manifold, pressure in‘the engine‘ and thereby regulate an exhaust manifold provided with a single the strength of the vacuum. \ exit passage and exhaust control means lo 2. The combination, with an internal com cated in said exit passage, of a cylinder hav bustion engine, having an intake manifold, an ing regulable relief means, a plunger in said 20 exhaust manifold provided with a single exit cylinder, a spring to press said plunger in one passage and exhaust control means located‘in direction, means connecting said plunger and 60 said. exit passage, and communicating means throttle, and passage means connecting said between said intake manifold and control cylinder with said intake manifold, whereby means for the‘operation of the latter by the the vacuum created in said intake manifold Vacuum created in the intake manifold. . will move said plunger against the tension of 3. The combination, with an internal com said spring, to thereby control said throttle. 65 bustion engine, having an intake manifold, 6. The combination,‘ with an internal com ‘ an exhaust manifold provided with a single bustion engine, having an intake manifold, a exit passage and exhaust control means lo throttle therefor, an exhaust manifold, a 30 cated in said exit passage, of a cylinder hav throttle therefor, and means in?uenced by the mg relief means, a plunger 1n said cylinder, a vacuum created in said intake manifold, when 70 spring to‘ press said plunger, in one direction,‘ the engine is operating under idling or light means connecting said plunger and throttle, load conditions, for actuating said exhaust and passage means connecting said cylinder throttle, of connecting 'means between said with‘ said intake manifold, whereby the throttles operating to open the exhaust throtl vacuum created in said intake manifold will tle during the last portion of the opening 75 move said plunger against the tension of said movement of the intake‘ throttle. spring, to thereby control said throttle. ' Executed this>22nd day of March, 1926. 4. The combination, with an-internal com ‘ ‘ ' FRANK POKORNY.

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