ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

APPLICATION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL AUTHORISATION FOR THE PROPOSED DAWID KRUIPER REST CAMP AND PICNIC SITES AT THE VEERTIENDE AND BEDINKT WATERHOLES WITHIN THE KGALAGADI TRANSFRONTIER PARK, NORTHERN CAPE PROVINCE

NATIONAL DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL AFFAIRS (DEA): REF:

DRAFT BASIC ASSESSMENT REPORT

Prepared on behalf of:

SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL PARKS (SANParks) P.O. Box 787, Pretoria 0001 Phone: (012) 426 5126 Fax: (012) 426 5446

For Review and Approval by:

DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL AFFAIRS The Director: Integrated Environmental Authorisations Private Bag X447 Pretoria 0001 Phone: (012) 426 5126 Fax: (012) 426 5446

AUGUST 2017

A Report Compiled by:

DELRON CONSULTING (Pty) Ltd P.O. Box 177 WOODLANDS 0072 Mobile: 082 571 5396 Fax: 086 588 4242

Director – P De Lange BL (UP) Pr LArch SA Mobile: +27 82 571 5396 Fax: +27 86 588 4242 Email: [email protected] P.O. Box 177  Woodlands  0072 DAWID KRUIPER REST CAMP, VEERTIENDE & BEDINKT PICNIC SITES: KTP: BAR

PROJECT DETAILS

Date August 2017

DRAFT BASIC ASSESSMENT REPORT: Application for Environmental Authorisation Document Title for the Proposed Dawid Kruiper Rest Camp and Picnic Sites at the Veertiende and Bedinkt Waterholes within the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, Northern Cape Province.

P.O. Box 787 Pretoria 0001 Proponent / Applicant

Phone: (012) 426 5126 South African National Parks (SANParks) Fax: (012) 426 5446

Private Bag X447 Pretoria National Department of Environmental Affairs 0001 The Competent Authority (DEA) Phone: (012) 310 3911 Fax: (012) 322 2682 Authority Reference Number P.O. Box 177 WOODLANDS 0072 Environmental Assessment Delron Consulting (Pty) Ltd Practitioner Mobile: 082 571 5396 Fax: 086 588 4242 E-mail: [email protected] Revision Number: #0 Prepared / Checked by: P De Lange Approved: Mr. P De Lange (BL (UP) Pr LArch SACLAP

Signature:

COPYRIGHT IS VESTED IN DELRON CONSULTING (Pty) Ltd IN TERMS OF THE COPYRIGHT ACT (ACT 98 OF 1978) AND NO USE OR REPRODUCTION OR DUPLICATION THEREOF MAY OCCUR WITHOUT THE WRITTEN CONSENT OF THE AUTHOR

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APPLICATION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL AUTHORISATION FOR THE PROPOSED DAWID KRUIPER REST CAMP AND PICNIC SITES AT THE VEERTIENDE AND BEDINKT WATERHOLES WITHIN THE KGALAGADI TRANSFRONTIER PARK, NORTHERN CAPE PROVINCE

DRAFT BASIC ASSESSMENT REPORT

TABLE OF CONTENTS

SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION ...... 1

1.1 OBJECTIVE OF THE BASIC ASSESSMENT PROCESS ...... 2 1.2 THE BASIC ASSESSMENT REPORT IN TERMS OF THE REQUIREMENTS OF NEMA ...... 2

SECTION 2: DETAILS & EXPERTISE OF THE EAP ...... 4

SECTION 3: LOCATION OF THE ACTIVITY ...... 5

3.1 LOCALITY OF THE PROPOSED DAVID KRUIPER REST CAMP (DKRC)...... 5 3.2 LOCALITY OF THE PROPOSED VEERTIENDE & BEDINKT PICNIC SITES...... 5

SECTION 4: DESCRIPTION OF THE SCOPE OF THE PROPOSED ACTIVITY ...... 12

4.1 ALL LISTED AND SPECIFIED ACTIVITIES TRIGGERED AND BEING APPLIED FOR ...... 12 4.2 A DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPOSED ACTIVITIES ...... 13 4.2.1 David Kruiper Rest Camp (DKRC) ...... 13 4.2.2 Veertiende Waterhole and Bedinkt Picnic Sites ...... 15 4.2.3 Typical Construction & Operational Aspects Associated With Tourism Facility Development ...... 15

PART 5: DESCRIPTION OF THE POLICY & LEGISLATIVE CONTEXT ...... 18

PART 6: NEED AND DESIRABILITY ...... 21

SECTION 7: CONSIDERATION OF ALTERNATIVES - MOTIVATION FOR THE PREFERRED SITE, ACTIVITY & TECHNOLOGY ALTERNATIVE ...... 36

7.1 ACTIVITY ALTERNATIVES ...... 36 7.2 SITE ALTERNATIVES ...... 36 7.2.1 Alternative Site 1 - (Samevloeiing) ...... 36 7.2.2 Zoning ...... 37 7.2.3 Comparative Analysis of Alternative Sites ...... 38 7.3 TECHNOLOGY ...... 39 7.3.1 Septic Tank, Horizontal Flow Reed Beds and Evaporation Pond ...... 39 7.3.2 Septic Tanks Coupled to Soakaways/French Drains ...... 39 7.3.3 Prefabricated Treatment Plants / Bio-Filter ...... 40 7.3.4 Evaluation Matrix for Technology Alternatives ...... 40

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7.4 NO-GO ALTERNATIVE ...... 41

SECTION 8: THE AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT ...... 43

8.1 PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT ...... 43 8.1.1 Climate ...... 43 8.1.2 Topography ...... 43 8.1.3 Soils and Geology ...... 43 8.2 BIOLOGICAL ...... 43 8.2.1 Vegetation ...... 43 8.2.2 Specialist Ecological Assessment ...... 44 8.3 SOCIAL-ECONOMIC CONTEXT ...... 44 8.4 TOURISM ...... 45 8.5 HERITAGE AND CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT...... 46

9. DETAILS OF THE PUBLIC PARTICIPATION ...... 47

9.1 OBJECTIVES OF THE PUBLIC PARTICIPATION PROCESS (PPP) ...... 47 9.2 LEGISLATION AND GUIDELINES FOLLOWED FOR THE PPP ...... 47 9.3 PUBLIC PARTICIPATION PROCESS FOLLOWED ...... 48 9.3.1 Identification & Registration of I&APs & Key Stakeholders ...... 48 9.3.2 Methods of Notification ...... 48 9.3.3 I&AP Register ...... 48 9.3.4 Public meeting(s) ...... 48 9.3.5 Access and Opportunity to Comment on Written Submissions ...... 48 9.3.5.2 Consultation with the Relevant Authorities ...... 49 9.3.6 Comments and Responses ...... 49

SECTION 10: IMPACT ASSESSMENT ...... 50

10.1 METHODS USED TO IDENTIFY POTENTIAL IMPACTS ...... 50 10.1.1 Technical and Specialist Investigations ...... 50 10.1.2 Site Inspection ...... 50 10.1.3 Technical Reports / Park Management Plans ...... 50 10.1.4 Public Participation ...... 50 10.1.5 Environmental Aspects ...... 50 10.2 ASSESSMENT OF IMPACTS ...... 51 10.3 IMPACTS THAT MAY RESULT FROM THE CONSTRUCTION PHASE ...... 53 10.4 IMPACTS THAT MAY RESULT FROM THE OPERATIONAL PHASE ...... 62 10.5 CUMULATIVE IMPACTS ...... 64

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10.6 DECOMMISSIONING IMPACTS ...... 66 10.7 ENVIRONMENTAL STATEMENT ...... 66 10.8 DESCRIPTION OF ANY ASSUMPTIONS, UNCERTAINTIES, AND GAPS IN KNOWLEDGE ...... 68 10.8.1 Assumptions ...... 68 10.8.2 Gaps in Knowledge ...... 68

11. REASONED OPINION & CONDITIONS OF AUTHORISATION ...... 69

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1: Locality Plan ...... 8 Figure 2: Site Photographs ...... 11 Figure 3: Kalahari Gemsbok National Park Zoning Map ...... 37 Figure 4: Typical Reed Bed and Evaporation Pond (Nossob Rest Camp) ...... 39

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1: 21 Digit Surveyor General Code of Each Cadastral Land Parcel ...... 5 Table 2: Farm Names ...... 5 Table 3: Coordinates - David Kruiper Rest Camp ...... 5 Table 4: Coordinates - Veertiende Waterhole Picnic Site ...... 7 Table 5: Coordinates - Bedinkt Waterhole Picnic Site ...... 7 Table 6: Listing Notice 1 ...... 12 Table 7: Listing Notice 3 ...... 12 Table 8: DKRC Components ...... 13 Table 9: Policy & Legislative Context ...... 18 Table 10: Need and Desirability of the Proposed Projects ...... 22 Table 11: Comparative Analysis of Alternative Sites ...... 38 Table 12: Advantages and Disadvantages of Septic Tank, Horizontal Flow Reed Beds & Evaporation Pond ...... 39 Table 13: The Advantages and Disadvantages of a Soak Away ...... 40 Table 14: Advantages and Disadvantages of a Biofilter ...... 40 Table 15: Evaluation Matrix for Sewerage Treatment Alternatives Identified ...... 41 Table 16: Development vs. No-Go Alternative ...... 42 Table 17: Park Forum Member List ...... 48 Table 18: Comments and Response ...... 49 Table 19: Conclusion and Recommendations of Technical and Specialist Investigations ...... 50 Table 20: Cumulative Impacts ...... 65 Table 21: Summary and Conclusion on Impacts Identified ...... 66

LIST OF APPENDIXES

Appendix A EAP Curriculum Vitae Appendix B Site Layout Plan

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Appendix C Architectural Drawings and Facility Illustrations Appendix D Services Layout Drawing Appendix E Picnic Site Infrastructure Appendix F Ecological Assessment Appendix G Heritage Impact Assessment Appendix H.1 I&APs Notifications Appendix H.2 Newspaper Advertisement Appendix H.3 On-Site Notices Appendix H.4 I&AP Register Appendix H.5 Authority Correspondence Appendix H.6 I&APs Comments Received Appendix I Environmental Management Programme (EMP)

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GLOSSARY OF TERMS

Alternatives In relation to a proposed activity, means different means of meeting the general purpose and requirements of the activity, which may include alternatives to:

(a)The property on which or location where it is proposed to undertake the activity; (b) The type of activity to be undertaken; (c) The design or layout of activity; (d) The technology to be used in the activity; and (e) The operational aspects of the activity.

Buffer zone Is a collar of land that filters out inappropriate influences from surrounding activities, also known as edge effects, including the effects of invasive plant and animal species, physical damage and soil compaction caused by trampling and harvesting, abiotic habitat alterations and pollution.

Environment The surroundings (biophysical, social and economic) within which humans exist and that are made up of: i. the land, water and atmosphere of the earth; ii. micro-organisms, plant and animal life; iii. any part or combination of (i) and (ii) and the interrelationships among and between them; and iv. the physical, chemical, aesthetic and cultural properties and conditions of the foregoing that influence human health and wellbeing.

Environmental Aspects Elements of an organization’s activities, products or services that can interact with the environment.

Environmental Refers to pollution, disturbance, resource depletion, loss of biodiversity, and other kinds of Degradation environmental damage; usually refers to damage occurring accidentally or intentionally as a result of human activities.

Environmental Impact A study of the environmental consequences of a proposed course of action. Assessment (EIA)

Environmental Impact An environmental change caused by some human act.

Environmental A document that provides procedures for mitigating and monitoring environmental impacts, Management Programme during the construction, operation and decommissioning phases. (EMP)

Indigenous Means a species that occurs, or has historically occurred, naturally in a free state within the borders of South Africa. Species that have been introduced to South Africa as a result of human activity are excluded (South Africa (Republic) National Environmental Management: Biodiversity Act, 2004: Chapter 1).

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Interested and Affected Any person, group of persons or organization interested in or affected by an activity Party contemplated in an application, or any organ of state that may have jurisdiction over any aspect of the activity.

Land Use The various ways in which land may be employed or occupied. Planners compile, classify, study and analyse land use data for many purposes, including the identification of trends, the forecasting of space and infrastructure requirements, the provision of adequate land area for necessary types of land use, and the development or revision of comprehensive plans and land use regulations.

Public Participation A process of involving the public in order to identify needs, address concerns, in order to Process contribute to more informed decision making relating to a proposed project, programme or development.

Registered Interested and In relation to an application, means an interested and affected party whose name is recorded Affected Party in the register opened for that application.

Watercourse a) A river or spring; b) A natural channel in which water flows regularly or intermittently; c) A wetland, lake or dam into which, or from which, water flows, and d) Any collection of water which the Minister may, by notice in the Gazette, declare to be watercourse, and a reference to a watercourse includes, where relevant, its bed and banks.

Wetland It is a land area that is saturated with water, either permanently or seasonally, such that it takes on the characteristics of a distinct ecosystem. Primarily, the factor that distinguishes wetlands from other land forms or water bodies is the characteristic vegetation that is adapted to its unique soil conditions. Wetlands consist primarily of hydric soil, which supports aquatic plants.

ABBREVIATIONS

BAR Basic Assessment Report BID Background Information Document CBA Critical Biodiversity Area CRR Comments and Responses Report DBAR Draft Basic Assessment Report DEA Department of Environmental Affairs DEIR Draft Environmental Impact Report DMR Department of Mineral Resources DSR Draft Scoping Report DWA Department of Water Affairs EA Environmental Authorisation EAP Environmental Assessment Practitioner EAPSA Interim Certification Board of the Environmental Assessment Practitioners of South Africa

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ECO Environmental Control Officer EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EIR Environmental Impact Report EMP Environmental Management Programme EMS Environmental Management System FEIR Final Environmental Impact Report FSR Final Scoping Report GA General Authorisation GIS Geographical Information System GN Government Notice ha Hectare HIA Heritage Impact Assessment I&AP Interested and Affected Party IDP Integrated Development Plan IWULA Integrated Water Use License Application DKRC Dawid Kruiper Rest Camp MAR Mean annual rainfall MPRDA Minerals & Petroleum Resources Development Act (Act 28 of 2002) NEMA National Environmental Management Act, 1998 (Act 107 of 1998) NEMBA National Environmental Management: Biodiversity Act (Act 10 of 2004) NEM:AQA National Environmental Management Act: Air Quality Act, 2004 (Act 39 of 2004) NEM:WA National Environmental Management: Waste Act, 2008 (Act 59 of 2008) NHRA National Heritage Resources Act, 1999 (Act 25 of 1999) NWA National Water Act, 1998 (Act 36 of 1998) PoS Plan of Study PPP Public Participation Process RSDF Regional Spatial Development Framework SAHRA South African Heritage Resources Agency SDF Spatial Development Framework SIA Social Impact Assessment SR Scoping Report TIA Traffic Impact Assessment ToR Terms of Reference VIA Visual Impact Assessment WML Waste Management License WWTW Wastewater Treatment Works

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SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION

South African National Parks (henceforth SANParks) is proposing to establish the David Kruiper Rest Camp (DKRC) (a 28- bed tourism accommodation facility) and picnic sites (ablutions and 10 picnic tables per site) at the Veertiende and Bedinkt Waterholes within the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park (KTP).

The proposed DKRC is sited on land owned by the Mier and Khomani San communities. This land has been incorporated into the KTP as a contractual park in terms of the National Parks Act 57 of 1976 (as amended). The contractual park is managed by a Joint Management Board (JMB) with representation by the Mier community, Khomani San and SANParks to oversee the implementation of the joint management plan for the relevant area. The proposed DKRC is located in a designated area where the community has preferential tourism rights to undertake a variety of commercial activities appropriate in a protected area.

In the Kalahari Gemsbok National Park’s Park Management Plan (2016-2026), reference is already made under Section 9 entitled “Concept Development Plan” to “Proposed Visitor Facilities Developments” (Bedinkt and Veertiende Waterhole Picnic Sites) and “Proposed Accommodation Development” (Auob Lodge Development, now known as DKRC). This management plan was authorised by the Minister of Environmental Affairs in terms of Sections 39 and 41 of the National Environmental Management: Protected Areas Act No 57 of 2003 (NEM:PAA) on 27 May 2016.

Therefore the proposed DKRC and picnic sites are in the development plans for the KTP and partially fulfils the park's goal of realising the economic returns from tourism associated with the KTP, while safeguarding its ecological integrity and pristine wilderness quality. The local Mier and Khomani San communities will also benefit from the skills development programmes and economic returns arising from the DKRC.

As per the Kalahari Gemsbok National Park’s Park Management Plan, the proposed developments are situated within a zone classified as the “Low Intensity Leisure Zone”. The objective of this tourist orientated zone is to provide infrastructure for day and overnight visitors in a natural environment. The underlying characteristic of this zone is motorised self-drive access, with basic self-catering facilities.

This Basic Assessment Report (BAR) forms part of an application for environmental authorisation for the proposed abovementioned projects. The application is made in terms of the Environmental Impact Assessment Regulations of 8 December 2014 under the National Environmental Management Act, 1998 (Act No. 107 of 1998) (NEMA as amended).

Delron Consulting (Pty) Ltd (Delron) has been appointed as the Environmental Assessment Practitioners (EAPs) for the proposed developments which will be conducting a Basic Assessment (BA).

The need for a BA arises for the proposed developments as they triggers listed activities in terms of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Regulations, Government Regulations (GNR) 983 and 985 of December 2014, as amended by GNR 324 and 327 of 07 April 2017, promulgated under the National Environmental Management Act (NEMA) (Act no 107 of 1998), as amended.

As the applicant is SANParks (a parastatal), the Competent Authority to whom the Application for Environmental Authorisation is to be submitted is the National Department of Environmental Affairs (DEA)

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1.1 OBJECTIVE OF THE BASIC ASSESSMENT PROCESS

The objective of the basic assessment process is to, through a consultative process –

(a) determine the policy and legislative context within which the proposed activity is located and how the activity complies with and responds to the policy and legislative context; (b) identify the alternatives considered, including the activity, location, and technology alternatives; (c) describe the need and desirability of the proposed alternatives; (d) through the undertaking of an impact and risk assessment process, inclusive of cumulative impacts which focused on determining the geographical, physical, biological, social, economic, heritage and cultural sensitivity of the sites and locations within sites and the risk of impact of the proposed activity and technology alternatives on these aspects to determine – (i) the nature, significance, consequence, extent, duration, and probability of the impacts occurring to; and (ii) the degree to which these impacts – a. can be reversed; b. may cause irreplaceable loss of resources; and c. can be avoided, managed or mitigated; and (e) through a ranking of the site sensitivities and possible impacts the activity and technology alternatives will impose on the sites and location identified through the life of the activity to – (i) identify and motivate a preferred site, activity and technology alternative; (ii) identify suitable measures to avoid, manage or mitigate identified impacts; and (iii) identify residual risks that need to be managed and monitored.

1.2 THE BASIC ASSESSMENT REPORT IN TERMS OF THE REQUIREMENTS OF NEMA

Appendix 1 of the EIA Regulations, 2014, under NEMA, indicates aspects that must be included in the Basic Assessment Reports (BARs). This Basic Assessment Report is divided into the following sections:

BAR Section Description Regulation No

Section 1 Introduction

Section 2 Details & Expertise of the EAP GNR 982 Appendix 1 - 3 (1) paragraph (a) Location of the Activity GNR 982 Appendix 1 - 3 (1) paragraph (b)(i)(ii)(iii) Section 3 Appendices B,D & E (c) Section 4 Description of the Scope of the Proposed Activity GNR 982 Appendix 1 - 3 (1) paragraph (d)(i)(ii)

Section 5 A Description of the Policy and Legislative Context GNR 982 Appendix 1 - 3 (1) paragraph (e)(i)(ii)

Section 6 Need and Desirability for the Activity GNR 982 Appendix 1 - 3 (1) paragraph (f)

Section 7 Consideration of Alternatives GNR 982 Appendix 1 - 3 (1) paragraph (g)(h)(i) GNR 982 Appendix 1 - 3 (1) paragraph Section 8 The Affected Environment (h)(iv)(x)(xi) Section 9 The Public Participation Process GNR 982 Appendix 1 - 3 (1) paragraph (h)(ii)(iii) GNR 982 Appendix 1 - 3 (1) paragraph Section 10 Environmental Impact Assessment (h)(v)(vi)(vii)(viii)

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BAR Section Description Regulation No GNR 982 Appendix 1 - 3 (1) paragraph (i)(j)(k)(l)(m)(n)(o) Section 11 Reasoned Opinion & Conditions of Authorisation GNR 982 Appendix 1 - 3 (1) paragraph (p)

Appendix I Environmental Management Programme (EMP) GNR 982 Appendix 1 - 3 (1) paragraph (e)(i)(ii)

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SECTION 2: DETAILS & EXPERTISE OF THE EAP

EAP: Mr. Pieter De Lange, Delron Consulting (Pty) Ltd  SACLAP: Professional Landscape Architect with the South African Council for the Landscape Architectural Profession (SACLAP): Member Number 20124. Professional  ILASA: (Institute of Landscape Architects South Africa): Member Number 46143. affiliation/registration:  IAIAsa: (International Association for Impact Assessments) South Africa, Member Number 210. Contact person (if different Mr. Pieter De Lange from EAP): Company: Delron Consulting (Pty) Ltd

Physical address: 9B Woodlands, Moreleta Park, Pretoria

Postal address: P.O. Box 177, Woodlands Postal code: 0072 Cell: 082 571 5396

Telephone: 082 571 5396 Fax: 086 588 4242

E-mail: [email protected]

Expertise of the EAP: Curriculum Vitae attached as Appendix A.

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SECTION 3: LOCATION OF THE ACTIVITY

The Locality, 21 Digit Surveyor General Codes, Farm names and Coordinates are given below and Tables 1 – 5.

3.1 LOCALITY OF THE PROPOSED DAVID KRUIPER REST CAMP (DKRC)

The proposed David Kruiper Rest Camp (DKRC) is situated in the Northern Cape, within the ZF Mgcawu Magisterial District and Dawid Kruiper Local Municipality in the Khomani San Concession Area of the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park (KTP), on the Farm 643.

It is situated on a sand dune approximately 1 km off the Mata Mata Road, west of the Auob River and approximately 4,5 km north of the Auob and Nossob rivers confluence and approximately 10 km north of the Twee Rivieren Rest Camp.

3.2 LOCALITY OF THE PROPOSED VEERTIENDE & BEDINKT PICNIC SITES

The proposed Veertiende Waterhole Picnic Site is situated on the Mata Mata Road approximately 83 km from Twee Rivieren and approximately 33 km from the Mata Mata Rest Camp. The proposed Bedinkt Picnic Site is situated on the Nossob Road approximately 35 km north of the Nossob Rest Camp.

The site locality map is given below as Figure 1. Site photographs are also provided below (refer to Figure 2).

Table 1: 21 Digit Surveyor General Code of Each Cadastral Land Parcel David Kruiper C 0 2 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 4 3 0 0 0 0 0 Rest Camp Veertiende C 0 2 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 8 0 0 0 0 0

Bedinkt C 0 2 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 0

Table 2: Farm Names Project Farm Name

David Kruiper Rest Camp Farm 643 Veertiende Waterhole Picnic Site Farm Tigna Bruaich 58 Bedinkt Picnic Site Farm Paardeneiland en Drifteiland 21

Table 3: Coordinates - David Kruiper Rest Camp The co-ordinates are in degrees, minutes and seconds in the WGS84 spheroid projection. All coordinates (building points) indicate back wall of buildings. Refer to Appendix B: Site Layout Plan. Structure Latitude (S): Longitude (E): Elevation DK 1 a 26 24 18.1 20 36 35.3 893 DK 1 b 26 24 18.5 20 36 35.4 893 DK 2 a 26 24 18.9 20 36 36.0 894 DK 2 b 26 24 19.3 20 36 36.1 894

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Structure Latitude (S): Longitude (E): Elevation DK 3 a 26 24 19.8 20 36 36.6 894 DK 3 b 26 24 20.2 20 36 36.8 894 DK 4 a 26 24 20.7 20 36 37.3 895 DK 4 b 26 24 21.1 20 36 37.4 894 DK 5 a 26 24 21.7 20 36 37.8 895 DK 5 b 26 24 22.2 20 36 379 895 DK 6 a 26 24 22.6 20 36 38.4 892 DK 6 b 26 24 23.2 20 36 38.5 892 DK 7 a 26 24 23.8 20 36 38.8 890 DK 7 b 26 24 24.2 20 36 38.8 891 DK 8 a 26 24 24.8 20 36 39.1 891 DK 8 b 26 24 25.3 20 36 39.2 893 DK 9 a 26 24 25.9 20 36 39.6 893 DK 9 b 26 24 26.5 20 36 39.7 893 DK 10 a 26 24 27.0 20 36 40.0 888 DK 10 b 26 24 27.5 20 36 40.0 890 Entrance Road - Reception to Chalets Rd 1 26 24 24.3 20 36 35.1 888 Rd 2 26 24 23.9 20 36 35.9 885 Rd 3 26 24 23.5 20 36 37.0 883 Reception Building Recep a 26 24 24.6 20 36 34.7 885 Recep b 26 24 25.0 20 36 35.0 885 Recep a 26 24 24.6 20 36 34.7 885 Swimming Pool Swim a 26 24 24.2 20 36 34.3 885 Swim b 26 24 23.9 20 36 34.1 885 Sewerage Pump station 26 24 26.1 20 36 35.0 886 Point on dune 26 24 30.8 20 36 32.5 894 Reed bed high 26 24 30.5 20 36 29.9 890 Reed bed low 26 24 31.7 20 36 31.1 889 Central Solar System - PV panels Centre Point - Located inside gravel pit 26 24 18.5 20 36 28.2 882 Water Reservoir Tank Stand 26 24 15.9 20 36 33.0 892 Boreholes Main borehole 26 24 03.9 20 36 47.8 870

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Structure Latitude (S): Longitude (E): Elevation Alternative 1 26 24 56.0 20 36 57.6 868 Alternative 2 26 25 27.3 20 37 02.2 877 Entry Point on Mata Mata Road 26 24 19.7 20 36 08.6

Table 4: Coordinates - Veertiende Waterhole Picnic Site No Description Latitude (S): Longitude (E):

1 Veertiende Picnic Site S25 56 45.72 E20 13 05.56 2 Veertiende Waterhole S25 56 46.18 E20 13 03.03

Table 5: Coordinates - Bedinkt Waterhole Picnic Site No Description Latitude (S): Longitude (E):

1 Bedinkt Picnic Site S25 13 34.7 E20 28 49.6 2 Bedinkt Borehole S25 13 30.4 E20 29 16.7

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LOCALITY PLAN

Bedinkt Picnic Site

Veertiende Waterhole Picnic Site

David Kruiper Rest Camp

Figure 1: Locality Plan

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SITE PHOTOGRAPHS

Existing entrance from Twee Rivieren – Mata Mata Road Existing access road to DKRC site

Existing borrow pit for road construction material and central View from chalets to reception complex (vehicles) solar system - PV panels to be placed within borrow pit

The 10 accommodation units will cover approximately 180 meters of dune frontage, with a width of approx. 12 meters. The units will be constructed facing north-east.

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The units will be situated on an undulating dune overlooking the Auob River

Veertiende Picnic Site Veertiende Borehole

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Bedinkt Picnic Site Bedinkt Waterhole

Proposed Ablutions Proposed Picnic Area Figure 2: Site Photographs

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SECTION 4: DESCRIPTION OF THE SCOPE OF THE PROPOSED ACTIVITY

4.1 ALL LISTED AND SPECIFIED ACTIVITIES TRIGGERED AND BEING APPLIED FOR

Table 6: Listing Notice 1 Government Notice No Activity Project Applicability The development of - (ii) infrastructure or structures Veertiende Waterhole with a physical footprint of 100 square metres or more; Picnic Site where such development occurs – (c) if no 12(ii)(c) development setback exists, within 32 metres of a GNR 983 (LN1) of 2014 watercourse, measured from the edge of a (as amended by GNR 327 watercourse. of 07 April 2017) David Kruiper Rest The clearance of an area of 1 hectares or more, but Camp & 27 less than 20 hectares of indigenous vegetation. Bedinkt Waterhole Picnic Site

Table 7: Listing Notice 3 Government Notice No Activity Project Applicability The development of a road wider than 4 metres with a reserve less than 13,5 metres. David Kruiper Rest Camp & 4(g)(ii)(aa) (g) In Northern Cape province: (ii) Outside urban Bedinkt Waterhole areas, in: (aa) A protected area identified in terms of Picnic Site NEMPAA, excluding disturbed areas. The development of resorts, lodges, hotels and tourism or hospitality facilities that sleeps 15 people or more. David Kruiper Rest 6(g)(ii)(aa) Camp GNR 985 (LN3) of 2014 (g) In Northern Cape province: (ii) Outside urban (as amended by GNR 324 areas, in: (aa) A protected area identified in terms of of 07 April 2017) NEMPAA, excluding disturbed areas. The clearance of an area of 300 square metres or more of indigenous vegetation except where such clearance of indigenous vegetation is required for maintenance purposes undertaken in accordance with David Kruiper Rest a maintenance management plan. Camp & 12(g)(iv) Bedinkt Waterhole g) In Northern Cape: (iv) On land, where, at the time Picnic Site of the coming into effect of this Notice or thereafter such land was zoned open space, conservation or had an equivalent zoning. 14(ii)(c)(g) The development of - or structures with a physical Veertiende Waterhole

(ii)(aa) footprint of 10 square metres or more; where such Picnic Site

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Government Notice No Activity Project Applicability development occurs – (c) if no development setback exists, within 32 metres of a watercourse, measured from the edge of a watercourse.

g) In Northern Cape: (ii) Outside urban areas: (aa) A protected area identified in terms of NEMPAA.

4.2 A DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPOSED ACTIVITIES

4.2.1 David Kruiper Rest Camp (DKRC)

The proposed activity concerns developing and operating a 28-bed rest camp tourism facility and associated infrastructure comprising of: (Refer to Appendix C: Architectural Drawings and Facility Illustrations)

Table 8: DKRC Components Activity / Quantity Use Size

8 x 2 bed tourist accommodation units Lounge, kitchen, 1 x bedrooms, 1 x bathrooms, stoep 90,41 m² 2 x 4 bed tourist accommodation units Lounge, kitchen, 2 x bedrooms, 2 x bathrooms, stoep 126,48 m² 2 Parallel parking bays per unit - 30,00 m² A Reception building with 12 parking bays Reception, linen room, kitchen, lounge, bathroom 82.65 m² Pool building (ablutions) and a swimming pool Ablutions (16,63 m²); Deck (70,06 m²) and Pool (20.62 m²) 107.31 m²

4.2.1.1 Extent

The surface area per single and double accommodation unit will be 90, 41 m² and 126, 48 m², respectively. Each unit is to be constructed on one level with an elevated timber deck (stoep). Each unit includes a kitchen / lounge / bedroom/s, en-suite bathroom/s and a braai / timber deck. Two parking’s pays are provide for each unit.

The centrally located reception complex will consist of a reception area, lounge, kitchen, linen room, bath room, public toilets and a swimming pool. It is estimated that the reception complex and pool building will have a total surface area of approx. 190m². Twelve public parking bays will be provided.

Initial estimates are that the total coverage (development footprint) is approximately 3 500m² (0,35 ha) for all 10 accommodation units, reception complex, pool building, parking areas, access roads to units and pedestrian access passages to the units.

It is the intention to provide 1 bed within the reception complex for on-site staff. The rest of the staff are to be accommodated off-site, within the Twee Rivieren Rest Camp and transported to the site on a daily basis.

4.2.1.2 Lay-Out

The proposed rest camp layout was informed by existing site characteristics such as dune orientation and scenic views. The units will be situated on an undulating dune overlooking the Auob River. The 10 accommodation units will cover approximately

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180 meters of dune frontage, with a width of approx. 12 meters. The units will be constructed facing north-east. The linear nature of the layout is a logical result of these site characteristics. Existing dune vegetation will be protected and incorporated into the design of the units and walkways where possible. Refer to Appendix B: Site Layout Plan.

4.2.1.3 Engineering Services

 Water Supply

Although bottled drinking water will be imported, water for other domestic uses will be supplied via an existing borehole located in the Auob River approximately 350 meters to the east. The borehole water will be pumped to a retention facility (6 x 5000 litre PVC Jo-Jo tanks) to be located on a sand dune. A pump station will be commissioned to supply pressurised water to all units through a new distribution pipe network. Water monitoring devices will be installed in order to manage water usage.

The total extraction requirements for the operation of the proposed rest camp at maximum occupancy are estimated to be approximately 6 000 litres (or 6m³) per day.

 Sewage

All sewage produced from the rest camp will be diverted through a gravity sewer pipe network up to a pump sump, located in close proximity to the reception complex, from where it will be pumped to a septic tank located behind a sand dune (Refer to Appendix D: Services Layout Drawing). The sewer pipeline, between the pump sump and the septic tank, will run along a new services access road.

The Waste Water Treatment Works (WWTW) will consist of the following: o Primary treatment will take place in a Septic Tank o The grey water effluent from the Septic tank will be distributed through a reed-bed system from where it will flow to an evaporation pond.

 Electricity (Energy Supply)

A power supply model with a long life cycle, low maintenance and cost effective infrastructure is preferred. Feasibility models will be done for the following options: o MV reticulation from Twee-Rivieren. o Independent solar operation per building. o Bulk solar supply (combination of solar energy supply with a battery unit and gas) and backup generator power.

It is anticipated that a combination of solar energy supply with a battery unit and gas will be used at the rest camp. Solar power will be used to run the lights and fans, while LP gas will be used for heating, cooking, fridges and geysers.

 Access

Access to the development will be gained from an existing gravel road leading to the site from the Mata Mata Road located approximately 1,2 km away. This road will be upgraded to a 6.2 m wide class C all-weather road to provide access to the proposed site.

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Road construction material will be sourced from the current calcrete borrow pit stockpile (±400m³) on site with additional calcrete material being sourced from the decommissioned road (±80m³). Any additional clay and calcrete material will be imported from the Twee-Rivieren borrow pit (6.2 km from the DKRC site). All excavated dune sand material will be used to rehabilitate and spoiled on the decommissioned road and the Dawid Kruiper borrow pit.

 Solid waste

All waste will be collected, sorted and stored on site in scavenger proof waste bins and will be disposed of on a daily basis at the Twee Rivieren rest camp. Based on an approximate of 0.7kg/person/day waste generation rate, is anticipated that 117 kg of solid waste per week (worst case scenario = 0.7kg/person x 24 persons x 7 days) could be expected.

4.2.2 Veertiende Waterhole and Bedinkt Picnic Sites

The proposed activity entails the development of picnic sites at the Veertiende and Bedinkt boreholes. In particular the following is proposed (Refer to Appendix E: Picnic Site Infrastructure):

 Ten pre-determined picnic areas (shaded seating and tables) and an ablution building per site.  The approximate overall size of a picnic site will be 2 500 m² (0,25 ha).  Construction of a septic tank and soak-away system for each ablution building. Water will be obtained from the existing Veertiende and Bedinkt boreholes. Water will be stored in PVC reservoirs (yo-yo tanks) inside structures that will be camouflaged.  The construction of access roads and demarcated parking areas next to the pre-determined picnic areas.

4.2.3 Typical Construction & Operational Aspects Associated With Tourism Facility Development

4.2.3.1 Construction Phase

 Construction camp o Accommodation for construction workforce – Construction workforce are to be accommodated off-site, within the Twee Rivieren Rest Camp and transported to the site on a daily basis. o Temporary sanitation facilities o Cooking facilities o Temporary Access routes

 Equipment yards and laydown o Material and equipment stockpiles areas o Storage and handling of hazardous substances.

 Access and hauling routes o Scraping / grading o Storm water diversion ditches or berms o Erosion control o Maintenance and repair of damage throughout construction phase o Closure and rehabilitation of temporary routes after construction

 Clearance of site to facilitate o Vegetation clearance - approximately 3 500 m² (0,35 ha) at Dawid access and construction Kruiper and approximately 5 000 m² (0,5 ha) at Veertiende Waterhole and Bedinkt Picnic Sites combined.

 Topsoil management o Stripping

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o Stockpiling

 Installation of services o Roads o Power supply and reticulation o Water supply and reticulation o Sewage system / sewage treatment

 Construction of top structures / o Excavation for foundations houses o Earthworks to establish a level footprint area o Importation of fill material o Disposal of spoil material o Casting of foundations o Construction of aboveground structure

 Landscaping  Stabilisation of slopes and o Engineering solutions (i.e. installing temporary or permanent drainage erosion prevention works and energy dispersion mechanisms, sandbags, packing of branches or rocks, rip rap, etc.)

 Movement of construction workforce, equipment and materials  Vehicle and equipment refueling, maintenance, and repairs during breakdowns  Dust suppression  Borrow pits  Temporary storage and disposal of general waste  Temporary storage and disposal of waste concrete and other construction rubble  Temporary storage and disposal of hazardous waste  Concrete batching / mixing o Store for cement bags o Aggregate stockpiles o Water supply point o Mixing areas o Chemicals added to concrete (i.e. retardes) o Temporary storage of waste concrete

 Chemicals / lubricants / paints storage areas  Veld fire risk o Fires for heating and cooking at construction camp o Burning of waste o Burning of vegetation

4.2.3.2 Operation and Maintenance Phase

 Top Structures / o Reception, Pool Building and Chalets Accommodation Units  Sewage System o Waterborne sewage system (flushing toilets) o Linked to septic tank system and own sewage treatment plant

 Water Supply and Reticulation o Source: Borehole o Storage, point of supply and individual connections

 Energy Supply o Solar power

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o Gas o Diesel generator

 Lighting o Individual Units, reception and pool building

 Waste Management o Collection / Removal: o Collection from individual units o Destination: Twee Rivieren

 Road Network o Internal gravel roads o Walkways

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PART 5: DESCRIPTION OF THE POLICY & LEGISLATIVE CONTEXT

Table 9 below provides an indication of the main legislation, policies, plans and/or guidelines applicable to the Dawid Kruiper Rest Camp and Picnic Sites at the Veertiende and Bedinkt Waterholes projects.

Table 9: Policy & Legislative Context Reference Title of Legislation, Administering where in the Aim of legislation, policy or guideline Policy or Guideline Authority BAR it is applied Laws of General Application The Constitution of the To establish a Constitution with a Bill of Rights for the National Section 9 Republic of South Africa, RSA. Government 1996 (Act No. 108 of 1996) Environment Conservation To control environmental conservation. Department of Section 8 Act, 1989 (Act No. 73 of Environmental 1989 as amended) Affairs National Environmental To provide for the integrated management of the Department of Sections 1, 4, Management Act, 1998 (Act environment, and to regulate the ‘Duty of Care’ Environmental and 9 No. 107 of 1998) Principle. Affairs Promotion of Access to To give effect to the constitutional right of access to National Section 9 Information Act, 2000 (Act any information held by the State and any information Government No. 2 of 2000 as amended) that is held by another person and that is required for the exercise or protection of any rights. Biodiversity National Environmental To provide for the management and conservation of Department of Section 8, Management Biodiversity South Africa’s biodiversity within the framework of the Environmental Appendix F Act, 2004 (Act No. 10 of National Environmental Management Act, 1998. Affairs 2004) National Spatial The National Spatial Biodiversity Assessment (NSBA) Department of Section 8, Biodiversity Assessment, classifies areas as worthy of protection based on its Environmental Appendix F 2011 biophysical characteristics, which are ranked Affairs according to priority levels. National Veld and Forest The purpose of this Act is to prevent and combat veld, Department of Section 8 Fire Act, 1998 (Act No. 101 forest and mountain fires throughput the Republic. Water of 1998) The Act provides for a variety of institutions, methods Affairs and practices for achieving this purpose. National Forests Act (Act This Act provides for the management, utilisation and Department of Section 8, No. 84 of 1998) protection of forests through the enforcement of Agriculture, Appendix F permitting requirements associated with the removal Forestry and of protected tree species, as indicated in a list of Fisheries protected trees (first promulgated in 1976 and updated since).

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Reference Title of Legislation, Administering where in the Aim of legislation, policy or guideline Policy or Guideline Authority BAR it is applied Although not anticipated, should any protected tree species require removal or relocation within the project area, a permit will be required. Agricultural Pest Act, 1983 To regulate plants, plant products and other regulated Sections 8, 10 (Act No. 36 of 1983 as articles when imported into South Africa. Appendix F amended) – GN R276 of 5 March 2004

Water Management

National Water Act (NWA), This Act aims to provide management of the national Department of Sections 8, 10 1998 (Act No. 36 of 1998) water resources to achieve sustainable use of water Water Affairs for the benefit of all water users. The proposed development will have to ensure that local water resources are protected, used, developed, conserved, managed and controlled in a responsible way.

Waste Management

National Environmental To reform the law regulating waste management in Department of Sections 4 Management: Waste Act order to protect health and the environment by Environmental and 10 (Act No. 59 of 2008) providing reasonable measures for the prevention of Affairs pollution and ecological degradation. Soil and Land Management Conservation of Agricultural To provide for control over the utilisation of the natural Department of Sections 4, 8 Resources Act, 1983 (Act agricultural resources of South Africa in order to Agriculture No. 43 of 1983) promote the conservation of the soil, the water sources and the vegetation and the combating of weeds and invader plants. National Environmental To provide for the integrated management of the Department of Sections 4, 8 Management Act, 1998 (Act environment and to regulate the ‘Duty of Care’ Environmental No. 107 of 1998) Principle. Affairs Environment Conservation To control environmental conservation. Department of Sections 4, 8 Act, 1989 (Act No. 73 of Environmental 1989 as amended) Affairs Heritage and Archaeological Resources National Heritage The National Heritage Resources Act legislates the South African Section 8 Resources Act No 25 of necessity for cultural and heritage impact assessment Heritage 1999 (Act No. 25 of 1999 as in areas earmarked for development, which exceed Resources amended) 0.5 hectares (ha) and where linear developments Agency exceed 300 metres in length.

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Reference Title of Legislation, Administering where in the Aim of legislation, policy or guideline Policy or Guideline Authority BAR it is applied In this regard, the proposed development site will be subject to engagement with the South African Heritage Resources Agency (SAHRA). Potential impact on cultural heritage, paleontological or archaeological resources through excavation activities or disturbance will need to be monitored. Permits may be required per the National Heritage Resources Act (Act No. 25 of 1999). Protected Areas National Environmental The Act provides for the protection and conservation Department of Sections 7, 8 Management: Protected of ecologically viable areas representative of South Environmental Appendix F Areas Act, 2003 (Act No. 57 Africa’s biological diversity and its natural landscapes Affairs of 2003 as amended) and seascapes; for the establishment of a national register of all national, provincial and local protected areas; for the management of those areas in accordance with national norms and standards; for intergovernmental co-operation and public consultation in matters concerning protected areas, and for matters in connection therewith. The proposed development falls within the KTP, a Protected Area in terms of this Act, and will therefore be subject to the provisions of this Act. Health and Safety Occupational Health and The purpose of this Act is to provide for the health and Department of EMP Safety Act, 1993 (Act No. safety of persons at work and for the health and safety Labour 85 of 1993) of persons in connection with the use of plant and machinery; the protection of persons other than persons at work against hazards to health and safety arising out of or in connection with, the activities of persons at work. The proposed development will therefore be subject to this Act during the construction and operational Application for Environmental Authorisation. Planning of New Activities EIA Regulations R 983, R To regulate and control the authorisation of certain Department of Sections 1, 4, 984, R 985, dated listed activities. Environmental 7 and 9 December 2014) under the Affairs NEMA, 1998 (as amended) Integrated Environmental IEM is a key instrument of NEMA and provides the Department of Section 1 Management Information overarching framework for the integration of Environmental Series environmental assessment and management Affairs principles into environmental decision-making. The

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Reference Title of Legislation, Administering where in the Aim of legislation, policy or guideline Policy or Guideline Authority BAR it is applied aim of the information series is to provide general information on techniques, tools and processes for environmental assessment and Management. ERM have referred to these various documents for information on the most suitable approach to the environmental assessment process for the proposed development. Kalahari Gemsbok National In compliance with the NEM:PAA, SANParks is SANParks Sections 1, 3, Park: Park Management required to develop management plans for each of its 4, 6, 7, and 10 Plan for the period 2016 – parks. In developing the management plan for this 2026 park, SANParks has attempted to integrate, implement and review the biodiversity conservation, tourism and constituency building components that make up its core business, whilst ensuring continual learning and compliance. This plan only focuses on the KGNP component of the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park (KTP).

In order for the current and future extent of the park to be protected and managed effectively, a desired state for the park has been developed through an adaptive planning process to guide park management in its daily operations.

PART 6: NEED AND DESIRABILITY

The need for and desirability of a proposed activity must specifically and explicitly be addressed throughout the BA process (screening and assessment) when dealing with individual impacts and specifically in the overall impact summary by taking into account the answers to, inter alia, the following questions as per the GN 891 of 2014 Integrated Environmental Management Guideline Series 9 Guideline on Need And Desirability in terms of the 2014 EIA regulations as published on the 20th of October 2014.

The need and desirability for the Dawid Kruiper Rest Camp and Picnic Sites at the Veertiende and Bedinkt Waterholes developments are described in this chapter.

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Table 10: Need and Desirability of the Proposed Projects Requirement Section Where Requirement is Addressed/Response 1. How will this development (and its separate elements/aspects) impact on the ecological The sites are located within the “Low Intensity Leisure Zone”, as part of the Kalahari Gemsbok integrity of the area? National Park’s Park Management Plan. Specialist ecological investigation confirmed that there are no rare and or endangered plant and or animal species or sensitive environments on the proposed sites.

Section 10 of this report gives a detailed discussion and impact rating of the proposed developments on the ecological integrity of the project areas. 1.1 How were the following ecological integrity considerations taken into account? 1.1.1 Threatened Ecosystems. A vegetation impact assessment was conducted for the project sites. The study aided in determining the risks posed by the proposed developments on the vegetation, as rated in section 10 of this report. Also refer to Appendix F. 1.1.2 Sensitive, vulnerable, highly dynamic or stressed ecosystems, such as coastal shores, According to specialist investigation there are no sensitive, vulnerable, highly dynamic or estuaries, wetlands, and similar systems require specific attention in management and stressed ecosystems on the proposed projects areas. planning procedures, especially where they are subject to significant human resource usage and development pressure. 1.1.3 Critical Biodiversity Areas ("CBAs") and Ecological Support Areas ("ESAs"). A vegetation assessment was conducted for the project site - refer to Appendix F. 1.1.4 Conservation targets. The conservation target for the Auob Duneveld is 16% (Mucina & Rutherford, 2006). Some 57% statutorily conserved in the KTP. Also refer to Appendix F. 1.1.5 Ecological drivers of the ecosystem. Mitigation measures were identified and recommended in section 10 of this report and the EMP to avoid, minimise and/or remedy the influence of ecological drivers such as the influence of alien invasive plant species, uncontrolled fires and human activity. 1.1.6 Environmental Management Framework. The Dawid Kruiper Local Municipality has not yet developed an Environmental Management Framework. Any EMF will recognise the KTP as a protected area, and the proposed developments are aligned with the Protected Area’s Conservation Development Framework and Management Plan. 1.1.7 Spatial Development Framework. The Provincial Spatial Development Framework recognises the KTP as a protected area, and the proposed developments are aligned with the Protected Area’s Conservation Development

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Requirement Section Where Requirement is Addressed/Response Framework and Management Plan. 1.1.8 Global and international responsibilities relating to the environment (e.g. RAMSAR sites, The KTP has been de facto in existence since 1948 through a verbal agreement between the Climate Change, etc.).7 South African and Botswana conservation authorities, sufficient to maintain the area as a single ecological unit. On 7 April 1999 the Presidents of Botswana and South Africa signed a treaty that would link the KGNP and the GNP under one unifying name – The KTP. It was officially opened on 12 May 2000 as the first formally declared transfrontier park in Africa. 1.2 How will this development disturb or enhance ecosystems and/or result in the loss or A vegetation assessment were conducted in order to determine the impact of the proposed protection of biological diversity? What measures were explored to firstly avoid these negative development on the biological diversity and ecosystems. Refer to section 8 and 10 of this report impacts, and where these negative impacts could not be avoided altogether, what measures for the description of the impact that the proposed development will have on biological diversity. were explored to minimise and remedy (including offsetting) the impacts? What measures were Mitigation measures were identified to minimise the impact of the development on the explored to enhance positive impacts? environment. Refer to section 10 of this report as well as the EMP. 1.3 How will this development pollute and/or degrade the biophysical environment? What Potential negative environmental impacts associated with the development were identified and measures were explored to firstly avoid these impacts, and where impacts could not be avoided evaluated in section 10 of this report. Mitigation measures were identified and recommended in altogether, what measures were explored to minimise and remedy (including offsetting) the section 10 and the EMP to avoid, minimise and/or remedy negative environmental impacts. impacts? What measures were explored to enhance positive impacts? 1.4 What waste will be generated by this development? What measures were explored to firstly Building rubble and solid construction waste (such as vegetation debris, sand, gravel, concrete avoid waste, and where waste could not be avoided altogether, what measures were explored and spoil material) that cannot be used for filling and rehabilitation and other litter and waste to minimise, reuse and/or recycle the waste? What measures have been explored to safely (including packaging, plastics, scrap metals etc) generated during the construction phase will be treat and/or dispose of unavoidable waste? removed from the Park by the contractor.

During operation, all general household waste will be collected, sorted and stored on site in scavenger proof waste bins and will be disposed of on a daily basis at the Twee Rivieren rest camp. Based on an approximate of 0.7kg/person/day waste generation rate, is anticipated that 117 kg of solid waste per week (worst case scenario = 0.7kg/person x 24 persons x 7 days) could be expected.

Mitigation measures were recommended in section 10 of this report and the EMP to effectively manage and minimise waste generated by the development.

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Requirement Section Where Requirement is Addressed/Response 1.5 How will this development disturb or enhance landscapes and/or sites that constitute the A Phase 1 Heritage Impact Assessment was conducted. No sites, features or objects of cultural nation's cultural heritage? What measures were explored to firstly avoid these impacts, and heritage significance were identified in the study area. where impacts could not be avoided altogether, what measures were explored to minimise and remedy (including offsetting) the impacts? What measures were explored to enhance positive impacts? 1.6 How will this development use and/or impact on non-renewable natural resources? What Operation of the DKRC and picnic sites have certain water use requirements. Given constraints measures were explored to ensure responsible and equitable use of the resources? How have on water supplies in the KTP systems that enable reuse of treated water are encourage. the consequences of the depletion of the non-renewable natural resources been considered? What measures were explored to firstly avoid these impacts, and where impacts could not be The total extraction requirements for the operation of the proposed rest camp at maximum avoided altogether, what measures were explored to minimise and remedy (including occupancy are estimated to be approximately 6 000 litres (or 6m³) per day. The following offsetting) the impacts? What measures were explored to enhance positive impacts? management and mitigation measures are recommended to ensure that the non-renewable resources are used efficiently and not wasted:

 Basic water conservation awareness education of tourists and staff will be instituted. A notice at ablutions facilities will encourage visitors to conserve water.  As a general rule, total water extraction from any and all sources within the site must be limited to not more than 250 litres per bed per day. This number must be viewed as a maximum, and includes all forms of water use.  A water meter should be installed at the abstraction point and monthly readings should be collated. Any transgressions of the water use should be rectified through appropriate means, i.e. check for leaks.  All shower units in the units will optimise low flow options and dual flush toilet systems will be chosen to reduce water use.  The provision of a swimming pool should also reduce the use of showers in summer as guests will rather cool off in the pool than take showers. 1.7 How will this development use and/or impact on renewable natural resources and the This development will make use of solar power. It is not foreseen that this usage will jeopardise ecosystem of which they are part? Will the use of the resources and/or impact on the the integrity of the renewable resource and/or system taking into account its carrying capacity, ecosystem jeopardise the integrity of the resource and/or system taking into account carrying limits of acceptable change and thresholds. capacity restrictions, limits of acceptable change, and thresholds? What measures were

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Requirement Section Where Requirement is Addressed/Response explored to firstly avoid the use of resources, or if avoidance is not possible, to minimise the use of resources? What measures were taken to ensure responsible and equitable use of the resources? What measures were explored to enhance positive impacts? 1.7.1 Does the proposed development exacerbate the increased dependency on increased The dependency on increased use of resources will not be exacerbated by the proposed small use of resources to maintain economic growth or does it reduce resource dependency (i.e. de- scale tourism developments. materialised growth)? (note: sustainability requires that settlements reduce their ecological footprint by using less material and energy demands and reduce the amount of waste they generate, without compromising their quest to improve their quality of life) 1.7.2 Does the proposed use of natural resources constitute the best use thereof? Is the use The resource use is justifiable and will not affect intra- and intergenerational equity. justifiable when considering intra- and intergenerational equity, and are there more important Refer to section 10 of this report for the mitigation measures recommended in terms of resource priorities for which the resources should be used (i.e. what are the opportunity costs of using usage. these resources this the proposed development alternative?) 1.7.3 Do the proposed location, type and scale of development promote a reduced dependency The proposed developments are small scale eco-tourism accommodation and facilities is a on resources? protected area. The proposed DKRC, being approximately 10 kilometres away from Twee Rivieren reduces the intensive use of resources. MV reticulation from Twee-Rivieren is not feasible. Bulk solar supply (combination of solar energy supply with a battery unit and gas) and backup generator power are preferred. 1.8 How were a risk-averse and cautious approach applied in terms of ecological impacts? The sites for development were chosen on the principles that they are located as far as possible from sensitive areas such as watercourses and calcrete ridges. Sewage treatment infrastructure will be constructed above 1:100 year flood lines, further than 32m from the Auob and Nossob Rivers and not within 100 meters from any boreholes.

Refer to section 7 of this report. 1.8.1 What are the limits of current knowledge (note: the gaps, uncertainties and assumptions It is believed that no knowledge gaps exist in terms of the proposed project, the current state of must be clearly stated)? the environment as well as the potential impacts associated with the proposed project. No uncertainties have been identified. The following assumptions were made:  All information provided by the applicant regarding the proposed project is correct.

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Requirement Section Where Requirement is Addressed/Response  The mitigation measures proposed in this report and the EMP are implemented correctly and are effective.  All specialist opinions are accurate.  All research/reference sources are accurate.  There will be no significant changes to the proposed project that could affect the findings and recommendations of this report and the EMP. 1.8.2 What is the level of risk associated with the limits of current knowledge? Based on the above described gaps, uncertainties and assumptions, it is our opinion that the level of risk associated with the limits of current knowledge is low. 1.8.3 Based on the limits of knowledge and the level of risk, how and to what extent was a risk- A risk-averse and cautious approach was applied to this proposed development as the limitations averse and cautious approach applied to the development? and gaps in knowledge regarding the impacts of the proposed development were taken into account. 1.9 How will the ecological impacts resulting from this development impact on people's environmental right in terms following: 1.9.1 Negative impacts: e.g. access to resources, opportunity costs, loss of amenity (e.g. open Refer to section 10 of this report for all impacts and mitigation measures associated with this space), air and water quality impacts, nuisance (noise, odour, etc.), health impacts, visual project. impacts, etc. What measures were taken to firstly avoid negative impacts, but if avoidance is not possible, to minimise, manage and remedy negative impacts? 1.9.2 Positive impacts: e.g. improved access to resources, improved amenity, improved air or Careful site selection was carried out to ensure minimal impacts on the receiving environment. water quality, etc. What measures were taken to enhance positive impacts? Positive impacts from the proposed project include financial beneficiation of Mier and Khomani San communities, creation of long term employment and business opportunities as well as opportunities for skills development and transfer for the Mier and Khomani San communities and the generation of funds to contribute to the management of the KTP. 1.10 Describe the linkages and dependencies between human wellbeing, livelihoods and Refer to sections 7, 8, and 10 of this report for all impacts associated with this project. ecosystem services applicable to the area in question and how the development's ecological impacts will result in socio-economic impacts (e.g. on livelihoods, loss of heritage site, opportunity costs, etc.)? 1.11 Based on all of the above, how will this development positively or negatively impact on Refer to section 10 of this report for all impacts associated with this project. ecological integrity objectives/targets/considerations of the area?

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Requirement Section Where Requirement is Addressed/Response 1.12 Considering the need to secure ecological integrity and a healthy biophysical Refer to section 10 of this report for all impacts associated with this project. Section 7 describes environment, describe how the alternatives identified (in terms of all the different elements of the various alternatives considered for this project. the development and all the different impacts being proposed), resulted in the selection of the "best practicable environmental option" in terms of ecological considerations? 1.13 Describe the positive and negative cumulative ecological/biophysical impacts bearing in Refer to section 10 of this report. mind the size, scale, scope and nature of the project in relation to its location and existing and other planned developments in the area? 2.1 What is the socio-economic context of the area, based on, amongst other considerations, Refer to section 8.3 of this report. the following considerations?: 2.1.1 The IDP (and its sector plans' vision, objectives, strategies, indicators and targets) and The proposed projects would not compromise the integrity of any existing or approved IDP or any other strategic plans, frameworks of policies applicable to the area, SDF documents. The proposed development is allocated in the KTP and is managed by South African National Parks (SANParks), and will thus not be discussed in any municipal documentation. 2.1.2 Spatial priorities and desired spatial patterns (e.g. need for integrated of segregated It is not expected that the proposed development will impact upon spatial priorities and patterns. communities, need to upgrade informal settlements, need for densification, etc.), 2.1.3 Spatial characteristics (e.g. existing land uses, planned land uses, cultural landscapes, The proposed activities are within a protected area, where the primary land use option is etc.), and conservation, with tourism. The proposed developments therefore fits into the current spatial characteristics of the area.

As per the Kalahari Gemsbok National Park’s Park Management Plan, the proposed developments are situated within a zone classified as the “Low Intensity Leisure Zone”. The objective of this tourist orientated zone is to provide infrastructure for day and overnight visitors in a natural environment. The underlying characteristic of this zone is motorised self-drive access, with basic self-catering facilities. 2.1.4 Municipal Economic Development Strategy ("LED Strategy"). The Dawid Kruiper Local Municipality included a Local Economic Development Plan in their Integrated Development Plan. Tourism is one of the focus areas of development.

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Requirement Section Where Requirement is Addressed/Response 2.2 Considering the socio-economic context, what will the socio-economic impacts be of the Refer to sections 8 and 10 of this report for all impacts associated with this report. development (and its separate elements/aspects), and specifically also on the socio-economic objectives of the area? 2.2.1 Will the development complement the local socio-economic initiatives (such as local The proposed developments will complement the local socio-economic initiatives, including the economic development (LED) initiatives), or skills development programs? Dawid Kruiper Local Municipality’s LED strategy. In the strategy, tourism is identified as a focus point of development. 2.3 How will this development address the specific physical, psychological, developmental,  Creation of long term employment and business opportunities as well as opportunities for cultural and social needs and interests of the relevant communities? skills development and transfer for the Mier and Khomani San communities (positive impact).  Creation of opportunities for local SMME’s / Mier and Khomani San communities (positive impact).  Financial beneficiation of Mier and Khomani San communities, which will increase over time (positive impact). 2.4 Will the development result in equitable (intra- and inter-generational) impact distribution, The proposed development will have an equitable impact distribution over the short- in the short- and long-term? Will the impact be socially and economically sustainable in the (construction phase) and long-term (operational phase). The impacts, as described in section 10 short- and long-term? of this report, are mostly low taking mitigatory measures into account, for both the construction and operational phases. The development will be sustainable over the short- and long-term as the operation of the tourism facilities is expected to continue for at least the next 20 years. 2.5 In terms of location, describe how the placement of the proposed development will: 2.5.1 result in the creation of residential and employment opportunities in close proximity to or The proposed DKRC is sited on land owned by the Mier and Khomani San communities. This integrated with each other, land has been incorporated into the KTP as a contractual park in terms of the National Parks Act 57 of 1976 (as amended). The contractual park is managed by a Joint Management Board (JMB) with representation by the Mier community, Khomani San and SANParks to oversee the implementation of the joint management plan for the relevant area.

Employment opportunities will be created for the Mier and Khomani San communities during the construction and operational phases of the DKRC as the project is located in the . 2.5.2 reduce the need for transport of people and goods, The proposed DKRC is approximately 10 km north of the Twee Rivieren Rest Camp and park entrance gate. Staff are to be accommodated off-site, within the Twee Rivieren Rest Camp and

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Requirement Section Where Requirement is Addressed/Response transported to the site on a daily basis. 2.5.3 result in access to public transport or enable non-motorised and pedestrian transport (e.g. The proposed project will not have an impact on access to public transport or non-motorised and will the development result in densification and the achievement of thresholds in terms public pedestrian transport. transport), 2.5.4 compliment other uses in the area, The DKRC development will create a destination that appeals to the tastes and preferences of a new or broader tourist market and exposes them to the nature and heritage of the KTP and Mier / Khomani San communities. 2.5.5 be in line with the planning for the area, In the Kalahari Gemsbok National Park’s Park Management Plan (2016-2026), reference is made under Section 9 entitled “Concept Development Plan” to “Proposed Visitor Facilities Developments” (Bedinkt and Veertiende Waterhole Picnic Sites) and “Proposed Accommodation Development” (Auob Lodge Development, now known as DKRC). This management plan was authorised by the Minister of Environmental Affairs in terms of Sections 39 and 41 of the National Environmental Management: Protected Areas Act No 57 of 2003 (NEM:PAA) on 27 May 2016.

Therefore the proposed DKRC and picnic sites are in the development plans for the KTP and partially fulfils the park's goal of realising the economic returns from tourism associated with the KTP, while safeguarding its ecological integrity and pristine wilderness quality. The local Mier and Khomani San communities will also benefit from the skills development programmes and economic returns arising from the DKRC.

As per the Kalahari Gemsbok National Park’s Park Management Plan, the proposed developments are situated within a zone classified as the “Low Intensity Leisure Zone”. The objective of this tourist orientated zone is to provide infrastructure for day and overnight visitors in a natural environment. The underlying characteristic of this zone is motorised self-drive access, with basic self-catering facilities. 2.5.6 for urban related development, make use of underutilised land available with the urban Not applicable as the development is not an urban related development and will take place edge, outside urban edges. 2.5.7 optimise the use of existing resources and infrastructure, Existing road infrastructure will be utilised as far as possible.

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Requirement Section Where Requirement is Addressed/Response 2.5.8 opportunity costs in terms of bulk infrastructure expansions in non-priority areas (e.g. not Not applicable as bulk water infrastructure will not be required for the proposed projects. Existing aligned with the bulk infrastructure planning for the settlement that reflects the spatial boreholes will be used to supply water to the DKRC and picnic sites. reconstruction priorities of the settlement), 2.5.9 discourage "urban sprawl" and contribute to compaction/densification, Not Applicable 2.5.10 contribute to the correction of the historically distorted spatial patterns of settlements An important priority for the park is the implementation of the Ae!Hai Kalahari Heritage agreement and to the optimum use of existing infrastructure in excess of current needs, (Bosch and Hirschfeld 2002), which is the tri-lateral agreement drawn up at the finalisation of the joint land claims. The agreement, signed by the Ministers for Land Affairs and Environment and Tourism, and the duly nominated representatives of the Mier and Khomani San Communities, committed the parties to establish and develop the contractual park. The spirit and letter of the agreement contribute towards the fulfilment of several obligations, including current legislation (NEM:PAA; The Restitution of Land Rights Act 22 of 1994), relevant SANParks policies; and South Africa’s formal endorsement of international instruments including the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Durban Accord on the promotion of community conserved areas and the co-management of protected areas, as well as the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. 2.5.11 encourage environmentally sustainable land development practices and processes, Efficient resource usage, effective waste management and control and mitigation of environmental impacts will encourage environmentally sustainable land development. Refer to section 10 of this report for all impacts and mitigation measures associated with this project. 2.5.12 take into account special locational factors that might favour the specific location (e.g. This DKRC is located approximately 10km north of Twee Rivieren. This site was considered the location of a strategic mineral resource, access to the port, access to rail, etc.), firstly because of its close proximity to Twee Rivieren. Secondly it was chosen as there is an existing access road, borrow pit and borehole in close proximity. Refer to sections 7, 8 and 10 of this report. 2.5.13 the investment in the settlement or area in question will generate the highest socio- The proposed DKRC will result in economic returns for the Mier and Khomani San Communities economic returns (i.e. an area with high economic potential), in terms of a contractual agreement and will also create jobs for the Mier and Khomani San Communities. 2.5.14 impact on the sense of history, sense of place and heritage of the area and the socio- A Phase 1 Heritage Impact Assessment was conducted. No sites, features or objects of cultural cultural and cultural-historic characteristics and sensitivities of the area, and heritage significance were identified in the study area.

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Requirement Section Where Requirement is Addressed/Response 2.5.15 in terms of the nature, scale and location of the development promote or act as a catalyst It is not foreseen that the proposed projects will act as a catalyst to create a more integrated to create a more integrated settlement? settlement. 2.6 How were a risk-averse and cautious approach applied in terms of socio-economic A risk-averse and cautious approach was applied by taking into account the limitations and gaps impacts?: in knowledge regarding the impacts of the proposed development. 2.6.1 What are the limits of current knowledge (note: the gaps, uncertainties and assumptions It is believed that no knowledge gaps exist in terms of the proposed project, the current state of must be clearly stated)? the environment as well as the potential impacts associated with the proposed project. No uncertainties have been identified. The following assumptions were made:  All information provided by the applicant regarding the proposed project is correct.  The mitigation measures proposed in this report and the EMP are implemented correctly and are effective.  All specialist opinions are accurate.  All research/reference sources are accurate.  There will be no significant changes to the proposed project that could affect the findings and recommendations of this report and the EMP. 2.6.2 What is the level of risk (note: related to inequality, social fabric, livelihoods, vulnerable Based on the above described gaps, uncertainties and assumptions, it is our opinion that the communities, critical resources, economic vulnerability and sustainability) associated with the level of risk associated with the limits of current knowledge is low. limits of current knowledge? 2.6.3 Based on the limits of knowledge and the level of risk, how and to what extent was a risk- A risk-averse and cautious approach was applied to this proposed development as the limitations averse and cautious approach applied to the development? and gaps in knowledge regarding the impacts of the proposed development were taken into account. 2.7 How will the socio-economic impacts resulting from this development impact on people's environmental right in terms following: 2.7.1 Negative impacts: e.g. health (e.g. HIV-Aids), safety, social ills, etc. What measures were It is not anticipated that the proposed project will impact significantly on people’s health, safety taken to firstly avoid negative impacts, but if avoidance is not possible, to minimise, manage and social ills. and remedy negative impacts? 2.7.2 Positive impacts. What measures were taken to enhance positive impacts? Maximize the employment of previously disadvantaged workers from local communities. 2.8 Considering the linkages and dependencies between human wellbeing, livelihoods and It is not anticipated that the development’s socio-economic impacts will result in new, direct ecosystem services, describe the linkages and dependencies applicable to the area in question ecological impacts.

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Requirement Section Where Requirement is Addressed/Response and how the development's socioeconomic impacts will result in ecological impacts (e.g. over utilisation of natural resources, etc.)? 2.9 What measures were taken to pursue the selection of the "best practicable environmental Refer to section 7 of this report. option" in terms of socio-economic considerations? 2.10 What measures were taken to pursue environmental justice so that adverse Refer to section 7 of this report. The alternatives identified allow for the “best practicable environmental impacts shall not be distributed in such a manner as to unfairly discriminate environmental option” to be selected. against any person, particularly vulnerable and disadvantaged persons (who are the beneficiaries and is the development located appropriately)? Considering the need for social equity and justice, do the alternatives identified, allow the "best practicable environmental option" to be selected, or is there a need for other alternatives to be considered? 2.11 What measures were taken to pursue equitable access to environmental resources, Local labourers up to a certain skills level will be employed during the construction phase of the benefits and services to meet basic human needs and ensure human wellbeing, and what development. special measures were taken to ensure access thereto by categories of persons disadvantaged by unfair discrimination? 2.12 What measures were taken to ensure that the responsibility for the environmental health Mitigation measures were recommended to ensure that the environmental impacts of the and safety consequences of the development has been addressed throughout the proposed development were addressed. development's life cycle? Refer to section 10 for all environmental impacts identified and mitigation measures proposed for the development. 2.13 What measures were taken to: 2.13.1 ensure the participation of all interested and affected parties, The public participation process for this project was conducted by Delron Consulting in terms of:

 The procedures and provisions in terms of the NEMA;  Chapter 6 of the 2014 EIA Regulations (as amended);  GN 807 of 2012; Public Participation Guideline; and  Other relevant legislation such as the Promotion of Access to Information Act (PAIA), 2000.

Also refer to section 9 of this report.

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Requirement Section Where Requirement is Addressed/Response 2.13.2 provide all people with an opportunity to develop the understanding, skills and capacity The public participation process is open to all parties. Public notices and a newspaper necessary for achieving equitable and effective participation, advertisement were distributed to encourage participation. 2.13.3 ensure participation by vulnerable and disadvantaged persons, The public participation process is open to all parties, including vulnerable and disadvantaged persons. 2.13.4 promote community wellbeing and empowerment through environmental education, the All employees will undergo environmental awareness/training. raising of environmental awareness, the sharing of knowledge and experience and other appropriate means, 2.13.5 ensure openness and transparency, and access to information in terms of the process, The public participation process for this project was conducted by Delron Consulting in terms of: 2.13.6 ensure that the interests, needs and values of all interested and affected parties were  The procedures and provisions in terms of the NEMA; taken into account, and that adequate recognition were given to all forms of knowledge,  Chapter 6 of the 2014 EIA Regulations (as amended); including traditional and ordinary knowledge, and  GN 807 of 2012; Public Participation Guideline; and 2.13.7 ensure that the vital role of women and youth in environmental management and  Other relevant legislation such as the Promotion of Access to Information Act (PAIA), development were recognised and their full participation therein were being promoted? 2000. Also refer to section 5 of this report. Therefore, the process was open and transparent and the public had access to all documents. All public comments have been included in this document and were adequately addressed. 2.14 Considering the interests, needs and values of all the interested and affected parties, Local labourers up to a certain skills level will be employed during the construction phase of the describe how the development will allow for opportunities for all the segments of the community piggery. (e.g. a mixture of low-, middle-, and high-income housing opportunities) that is consistent with the priority needs of the local area (or that is proportional to the needs of an area)? 2.15 What measures have been taken to ensure that current and/or future workers will be All contractors, sub-contractors and workers will attend compulsory environmental awareness informed of work that potentially might be harmful to human health or the environment or of training and inductions. This training will highlight the dangers associated with the workplace. dangers associated with the work, and what measures have been taken to ensure that the right Procedures relating to environmental risks will also be put in place and will regularly be updated. of workers to refuse such work will be respected and protected? 2.16 Describe how the development will impact on job creation in terms of, amongst other aspects: 2.16.1 the number of temporary versus permanent jobs that will be created, 40 temporary jobs will be created during the construction phase and 5 permanent jobs will be created during the operational phase of the proposed development.

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Requirement Section Where Requirement is Addressed/Response 2.16.2 whether the labour available in the area will be able to take up the job opportunities (i.e. Local labourers up to a certain skills level will be employed during the construction phase of the do the required skills match the skills available in the area), piggery. 2.16.3 the distance from where labourers will have to travel, Labourers will be transported to and from the construction site and Twee Rivieren. 2.16.4 the location of jobs opportunities versus the location of impacts (i.e. equitable distribution The location of job opportunities will be in close proximity to the proposed development. of costs and benefits), and 2.16.5 the opportunity costs in terms of job creation (e.g. a mine might create 100 jobs, but The development will create job opportunities without impacting on employment opportunities in impact on 1000 agricultural jobs, etc.). other sectors. 2.17 What measures were taken to ensure: 2.17.1 that there were intergovernmental coordination and harmonisation of policies, legislation All applicable environmental legislation was considered and adhered to during the Basic and actions relating to the environment, and Assessment process. Refer to section 5 of this report. 2.17.2 that actual or potential conflicts of interest between organs of state were resolved The public participation process for this project was conducted by Delron Consulting in terms of: through conflict resolution procedures?  The procedures and provisions in terms of the NEMA;  Chapter 6 of the 2014 EIA Regulations (as amended);  GN 807 of 2012; Public Participation Guideline; and  Other relevant legislation such as the Promotion of Access to Information Act (PAIA), 2000. Also refer to section 5 of this report. Therefore, the process was open and transparent and the public had access to all documents. All public comments have been included in this document and were adequately addressed. 2.18 What measures were taken to ensure that the environment will be held in public trust for All mitigation measures proposed as part of this Environmental Impact Assessment process have the people, that the beneficial use of environmental resources will serve the public interest, and been focussed on minimising the potential impacts associated with the proposed development. that the environment will be protected as the people's common heritage? The focus is on the protection of the environment through various measures, including pollution minimisation. The DKRC and picnic sites have also been designed with the environment in mind. 2.19 Are the mitigation measures proposed realistic and what long-term environmental legacy The mitigation measures are realistic, as also described in item 2.18 above. Also refer to sections and managed burden will be left? 10 and 11 of this report. 2.20 What measures were taken to ensure that he costs of remedying pollution, environmental SANParks will be responsible for the costs of any pollution, environmental degradation and degradation and consequent adverse health effects and of preventing, controlling or minimising consequent adverse health effects and of preventing, controlling or minimising further pollution, environmental damage or adverse health effects.

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Requirement Section Where Requirement is Addressed/Response further pollution, environmental damage or adverse health effects will be paid for by those responsible for harming the environment? 2.21 Considering the need to secure ecological integrity and a healthy bio-physical Refer to sections 7 and 10 of this report. environment, describe how the alternatives identified (in terms of all the different elements of the development and all the different impacts being proposed), resulted in the selection of the best practicable environmental option in terms of socio-economic considerations? 2.22 Describe the positive and negative cumulative socio-economic impacts bearing in mind Cumulative impacts are described in section 10 of this report. the size, scale, scope and nature of the project in relation to its location and other planned developments in the area?

A need and desirability for these projects are evident from the following perspectives:

 The obligations in terms of the Ae!Hai Kalahari Heritage agreement are met. The section of the park lying south of the Auob River belongs to the San and Mier communities and is managed by SANParks and forms part of the Ae!Hai Kalahari Heritage Park. The proposed DKRC is located in a designated area where the community has preferential tourism rights to undertake a variety of commercial activities appropriate in a protected area. The DKRC will generate a source of income for the San and Mier communities and is therefore desirable form an economic point of view.

 The establishment of the DKRC will create employment opportunities for the local community on a temporary and permanent basis. The continued, sustainable operation of the DKRC will benefit the local community by ensuring continued employment of local workers.

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SECTION 7: CONSIDERATION OF ALTERNATIVES - MOTIVATION FOR THE PREFERRED SITE, ACTIVITY & TECHNOLOGY ALTERNATIVE

7.1 ACTIVITY ALTERNATIVES

An important priority of the KTP is the implementation of the Ae!Hai Kalahari Heritage agreement, which is the tri-lateral agreement drawn up at the finalisation of the joint land claims. The agreement, signed by the Ministers for Land Affairs and Environment and Tourism, and the duly nominated representatives of the Mier and Khomani San Communities, committed the parties to establish and develop a contractual park. The spirit and letter of the agreement contribute towards the fulfilment of several obligations, including current legislation (NEM:PAA; The Restitution of Land Rights Act 22 of 1994), relevant SANParks policies; and South Africa’s formal endorsement of international instruments including the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Durban Accord on the promotion of community conserved areas and the co-management of protected areas, as well as the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.

The contractual park is managed by a Joint Management Board (JMB) with representation by the Mier community, Khomani San and SANParks to oversee the implementation of the joint management plan for the relevant area.

As part of the contractual agreement, the three principal parties agreed to establish the Dawid Kruiper Rest Camp, a commercial tourism facility. The aim of the proposed rest camp is to symbolise co-operation between the principal parties, to assist the promotion of their other eco-tourism facilities and to establish jointly a facility for eco-tourism, which will generate income for them, which could contribute to the alleviation of poverty in the region. Any income derived from the rest camp would be divided equally. The proposed Dawid Kruiper Rest Camp shall, by agreement between the principal parties be constructed at the proposed site within the contractual park. All staff will be sourced from the San and Mier communities.

As this is the type of development the principal parties agreed upon, no activity alternatives could be considered.

7.2 SITE ALTERNATIVES

One alternative site has been considered for the proposed Dawid Kruiper Rest Camp development, namely the Samevloeiing site. The alternative sites were evaluated against each other according to specific site selection criteria to select the preferred alternative. Site selection criteria included compatibility with Kalahari Gemsbok National Park’s Zoning Plan, biophysical considerations, accessibility, ‘sense of place’ / scenic appeal, tree cover and screening potential and availability of water resources. Access, the availability and quality of water and approval of the San and Mier communities were the determining factors in selecting the preferred site.

7.2.1 Alternative Site 1 - (Samevloeiing)

This site is located approximately 8km north of Twee Rivieren. This site was considered firstly because of its close proximity to Twee Rivieren. Secondly it was chosen as there is an existing borehole and potable water is therefore available for domestic use at a camp situated here. However, the waterhole at Samevloeiing (the confluence of the Auob and Nossob Rivers), approximately 2.4 km downstream is clearly visible. Therefore situated at this site, a rest camp would be visible to visitors to the KTP and thus would have a significant visual impact. Furthermore, the previous road going up the Auob River bed from the confluence point has been closed and has rehabilitated quite well. It will therefore not be desirable to reopen this road to situate the proposed camp at Samevloeiing. Therefore Alternative Site 1 is considered to be unsuitable.

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7.2.2 Zoning

According to the zonation of the Kalahari Gemsbok National Park as per Management Plan, 2016-2026, both alternatives sites are situated in the San Commercial Preferential Zone (V-Zone), closely associated with a Low Intensity Leisure Zone. The underlying characteristic of this zone is motorised self-drive access, with basic self-catering facilities.

The proposed sites are therefore in line with the park’s Zoning Map. Refer To Figure 3 below.

Bedinkt Picnic Site

Veertiende Waterhole Picnic Site

David Kruiper Rest Camp

Figure 3: Kalahari Gemsbok National Park Zoning Map

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7.2.3 Comparative Analysis of Alternative Sites

As indicated, two sites were investigated as possibilities for locating a rest camp, namely: Auob Site (approx. 10 km north of Twee Rivieren) and Alternative 1: Samevloeiing (approx. 8m north of Twee Rivieren).

Table 11: Comparative Analysis of Alternative Sites Preferred Site: Auob (approx. 10 km Alternative 1: Samevloeiing (approx. CRITERIA north of Twee Rivieren) 8 km north of Twee Rivieren).

Description Evaluation Evaluation

 San Commercial Preferential Zone  San Commercial Preferential Zone Compatibility to Zoning Plan (V-Zone) (V-Zone)  Low Intensity Leisure Zone  Low Intensity Leisure Zone

Proximity to water  < 1 km  < 1 km

 Access to the development will be gained from an existing 1,2 km  Rehabilitated Auob River bed road Accessibility gravel road leading to the site from to be reopened. the Mata Mata Road.  No rare or endangered plant  No rare or endangered plant species. Biophysical considerations species.  Protected trees Acacia erioloba and A. haematoxylon present.  Impressive elevated view over Auob River and high dunes.  Impressive elevated view over Existing features / resources  Existing borrow pit in close Auob River proximity (100 meters)  Wilderness experience  Wilderness experience (no Sense of Place  Noise from Twee Rivieren – Mata manmade structures visible) Mata, Nossob Road  Visible from Samevloeiing  Not visibly intrusive from any other Visibility Waterhole / Twee Rivieren – tourist facilities or roads. Nossob Road

Vegetation cover and screening  Well vegetated.  Well vegetated. potential  No prominent trees.

The comparative analysis disqualifies the Alternative 1 due to:

 Longer access road to site;  Rehabilitated Auob River bed road to be reopened; and  Visible from Samevloeiing Waterhole / Twee Rivieren – Nossob Road.

Under these circumstances, the Auob River site was selected as the preferred site, given the preceding assessment.

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7.3 TECHNOLOGY

Three sewerage treatment technology alternatives have been considered for the proposed Dawid Kruiper Rest Camp, namely:

7.3.1 Septic Tank, Horizontal Flow Reed Beds and Evaporation Pond

The first option is to install a septic tank for collection and primary treatment and a reed bed for secondary treatment. A reed bed is essentially a channel, lined with an impermeable membrane, that is filled with sand and gravel and planted with macrophytes i.e. reeds, rushes and used to treat wastewater. Wastewater, black or grey, is passed through the root zone of the reeds where it undergoes treatment. Inlet and outlet pipes are positioned below the gravel surface, so that the water always remains below the gravel surface, thus excluding human exposure to the wastewater, mosquito breeding and unpleasant odours.

Table 12: Advantages and Disadvantages of Septic Tank, Horizontal Flow Reed Beds & Evaporation Pond Advantages Disadvantages  Low installation cost.  They require large areas of land.  It can be sited at the point of wastewater production.  Additional expense of fencing the system.  It can be established by relatively untrained personnel,  There is potential for the provision of mosquito breeding under supervision. grounds.  They are robust and are able to withstand a wide range  No wastewater quality objectives can be specified, of operating conditions. therefore no accountability can be provided.  They are environmentally and aesthetically acceptable.  Wetlands can be relatively inefficient with regards to nutrient removal, if not well managed.

Figure 4: Typical Reed Bed and Evaporation Pond (Nossob Rest Camp)

7.3.2 Septic Tanks Coupled to Soakaways/French Drains

A typical septic tank system normally operates by gravity, and consists of a tank and a soak-away drain. Untreated wastewater from a unit flows into the septic tank, where the solids separate from the liquids. Some solids, such as soap scum or fat, will float to the top of the tank to form a scum layer. Heavier solids, such as human and kitchen wastes, settle to the bottom of the tank as sludge. Self-forming bacteria in the tank help the system “digest” these solids or sludge where a natural process of anaerobic decomposition occurs in the tank which reduces the amount of solid matter and provides some treatment of the

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DAWID KRUIPER REST CAMP, VEERTIENDE & BEDINKT PICNIC SITES: KTP: BAR waste. The remaining liquids flow out of the tank to a percolate in the soil (soak-away) and eventually taken up through the root system of plants or added to the groundwater.

Table 13: The Advantages and Disadvantages of a Soak Away Advantages Disadvantages  On site sanitation.  Potential for ground water pollution.  Low installation cost.  Not suited to high water tables.  It can be installed by relatively untrained personnel.  Is ineffective in clay soils.  It is relatively labour intensive.  Septic tanks have a capacity for storing 12 months of  It is an underground system and will thus require no sludge and thus require emptying at least once every fencing. 12 months.  No visual impact.  Sludge disposal.  Foul odours (bad smells).  Indigestible matter causes blocking, flooding, slow flushing toilets. 7.3.3 Prefabricated Treatment Plants / Bio-Filter

Biological filtration provides a reliable and simple unit process for sewage treatment. A biological filter comprises of media, which is usually a granular material such as crushed stone or rock, but may also be plastic material in various shapes, over which sewage effluent is spread and through which it percolates. Slime containing a large number of organisms forms on the surface of the media. As the sewage flows over this slime a series of complex bio-chemical reactions take place by which organic material is removed from the sewage.

Table 14: Advantages and Disadvantages of a Biofilter Advantages Disadvantages  It is buried and so fences are not required for protection  High installation and maintenance cost. and there is no visual impact.  Not labour intensive to install.  It is a sealed unit and can be installed in any soil type.  Wastewater quality objectives can be specified, which provides an accountability factor.  It can be designed to specific requirements and environmental constraints.  Can be designed to serve more than one septic tank.

7.3.4 Evaluation Matrix for Technology Alternatives

For the purpose of evaluation of alternative options, a weighting matrix was utilised to compare the various components of each alternative.

Impacts are rated on a scale of 1 to 10, with 1 being very low impact/cost and 10 being very severe impact/cost. Impacts are considered without mitigation. The lowest total score defines the preferred alternative.

Weightings are assigned to impacts to account for the significance of the different impacts. Impacts that are short-term in their nature are weighted less heavily than long term impacts. It is significant to note that the primary factors in the consideration of sanitation alternatives are the risk of soil / ground water contamination, installation and operational cost. This impact is highly significant and has a weighting of 5 assigned to it.

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Table 15: Evaluation Matrix for Sewerage Treatment Alternatives Identified Septic tank, horizontal Septic Tank / Soak Prefabricated onsite flow reed beds / Away treatment plant evaporation pond Factor Weighted Weighted Weighted Criterion Score Score Score weighting score score score

Installation cost 5 2 10 3 15 8 40 Risk of Soil / Groundwater 5 9 45 2 10 2 10 contamination Installation impact (trenching, blasting and 1 7 7 7 7 5 5 earthworks) Footprint area 3 7 21 8 24 5 15

Operational cost 5 5 25 3 15 5 25

Total Score 30 108 23 71 25 95

7.3.4.1 Preferred Alternative

Based on the above evaluation of alternatives, it is recommended that the development consider the use of a septic tank, horizontal flow reed beds and evaporation ponds for the DKRC. Septic tank and soak-away systems are recommend for the picnic sites. The final design must take cognisance of all recommendations and adherence to guidelines and standards and effective operation must be ensured though regular monitoring.

7.4 NO-GO ALTERNATIVE

The alternatives assessment was conducted using a simple cost-benefit analysis of each proposed alternative, through assessing various environmental attributes. These attributes can include physical (geology and soils, surface water quality and quantity, groundwater quality and quantity); biophysical (flora and fauna, sensitive environments); and social attributes (site of archaeological or cultural importance, land use issues, social health and welfare).

The impact of each alternative was then evaluated in terms of whether it has a positive, negative, or no impact. In this instance, the impact is not evaluated in terms of significance but rather whether or not it will arise. Positive impacts are assigned a value of 1; no impact a value of 0; and a negative impact a value of -1.

By adding all of the attribute scores for each alternative, a suitability score is derived that indicates the preferred alternative. A total positive score indicates the project benefits outweigh the potential negative impacts, while a total negative score indicates the project environmental costs outweigh the potential benefits. Essentially, the highest scoring alternative is then carried forward for full impact evaluation.

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The potential impact of the preferred project option on environmental and socio-economic attributes identified during the assessment phase is evaluated against the potential impact of the No-Go option on the same attributes. The summary of this assessment is provided in Table 33 below.

Table 16: Development vs. No-Go Alternative Attribute Development Option No-go Option Physical Environment Air Pollution 0 0 Noise Pollution 0 0 Water Quality 0 0 Water Quantity -1 0 Visual Aesthetics -1 0 Biophysical Environment Fauna 0 0 Flora -1 0 Sensitive Environments 0 0 Social Environment Ae!Hai Kalahari Heritage Agreement obligations 1 -1 Traffic -1 0 Job Opportunities 1 -1 Local and regional economy 1 -1 Total -1 -3

From the information presented in the table above it can be seen that the development option is preferred to the No-go option, as derived from comparative analysis. The development option has an overall score of -1. This results from the negative impacts of the development, including mitigatable impacts on flora, visual, traffic, and water quantities almost being balanced by its positive impacts.

Not developing the DKRC and picnic sites will result in the following:

 The economic returns associated with tourism within the KTP will not be fully realised. SANParks’ mission is to preserve and manage South Africa's biodiversity in the National Parks under its constitution. At the same time each park is expected to generate revenue and be accessible to most South Africans.  The contribution of the KDRC to the tourism development priority of the Northern Cape Province will not be realised.  The Mier and Khomani San communities will not receive the long-term benefits associated with DKRC.  Unemployment rates amongst the Mier and Khomani San communities are high. If DKRC is not developed, the Mier and Khomani San communities will not be offered the employment opportunities that DKRC can provide. Without the security of a future job, community members will not be able to take part in the skills training offered. The skills they obtain from the training could help them in future job procurement. Consequently, the opportunity for the social upliftment within the Mier and Khomani San communities from DKRC will not be realised.

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SECTION 8: THE AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT

8.1 PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT

8.1.1 Climate

The park is situated in the arid to semi-arid southern Kalahari region. The southwestern Kalahari falls within a summer rainfall area and the mean annual rainfall ranges from 120 mm in the southwest to 350 mm in the northeast into Botswana. Rainfall is highly erratic and at a specific locality can vary from less than a 100 mm up to more than 450 mm per annum. The highest rainfall occurs in the four months January to April, with a peak in March. Annual rainfall has a high coefficient of variation and the rain often falls as short–duration, high-intensity thunderstorms. Temperatures are extreme with winter lows reaching -10.3 ºC and summer highs reaching up to 45.4 ºC (Van Rooyen et al., 1990). The relative humidity is low and the annual evaporation rate is high. The prevailing winds are generally north-westerly.

8.1.2 Topography

Linear and seif dunes with rounded crests characterise the topography of the sandy, semi-arid landscape surrounding the proposed DKRC site. The site itself is situated above the 880 m contour height, against the eastern flank of such a dune, which runs in a north-west to south-east direction. This eastern dune flank extends downwards towards the Auob River bed. The Auob River, rising in the Anas Mountains near Windhoek, Namibia, cuts a steep sided, narrow valley (100-500 m wide) through the calcrete along its north-west to south-east route through the KTP. The Auob River is predominantly dry, only flowing for short periods after abnormally high rainfall.

8.1.3 Soils and Geology

Relatively coarse, loose sands overly most of the geology of the Kalahari. These Kalahari sands, of which five groups are recognised, range in colour from deep red in the dunes through to yellow-brown on the pans and riverbeds. The sands are predominantly of aeolian origin, emanating from within the Kalahari basin itself. In the drier south-west the sands are piled into vegetated linear or seif dunes. Immediately beneath the sand lies a vast sheet of calcareous or silicified sand or sandstone, which contains grits and minor conglomerates thus making up the Kalahari Group. This covers the blue shales of the Dwyka Group that has occasional dolerite intrusions. Calcareous outcrops are evident in patches.

The soils have characteristically poorly developed profiles. The red soils found on the dunes surrounding the site are notably infertile with low levels of phosphate, magnesium, potassium, sodium and carbon, and, when less than 2 m deep, have an incapacity to hold water. The yellow soils of the pans and riverbeds, however, have higher clay components, and are less permeable to water.

8.2 BIOLOGICAL

8.2.1 Vegetation

The linear dune ridges of the site support sparse, clumped grasses, whilst the dune flanks are better vegetated but still have appreciable amounts of bare sand. The overall vegetation type of the site is classified as Kalahari Thornveld Proper (Acocks 1975) or scrubby Kalahari Dune Bushveld of the Savanna Biome (Low & Rebelo 1996). The vegetation can be described as an extremely open savanna of the shrubs Acacia eriobola and A. haematoxylon, except along the Auob River where Boscia

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DAWID KRUIPER REST CAMP, VEERTIENDE & BEDINKT PICNIC SITES: KTP: BAR albitrunca, Grewia flava, Lycium hirsutum and Rhigozum trichotomum are important. The grasses are tufted and entirely of the ''white'' type, mostly Aristida spp., Eragrostis spp. and Stipagrostis spp. Outcrops of calcareous tufta and silcrete are occupied by Arid Karoo or Orange River Broken Veld.

In the southern part of the KTP (in the region of the proposed DKRC site) Bothma & De Graaff (1973) identify six major habitats and Leistner & Werger (1973) describes twelve communities. Groupings of the major plant communities according to main habitats found within the KTP are described in the management plan for the KTP (1997). Those probably occurring on the DKRC site are listed below:

Communities of the Sand

 Stipagrostis amabilis community is found on the crest of the dunes (Leistner & Werger 1973).  Hirpicium echinus - Centropodia glauca community is found on the red sand of dune valleys or "strate" and lower slopes of dunes in the southern Kalahari (Leistner & Werger 1973).  Monechma incanum - Stipagrostis ciliata communities occur on the pink to white sand, which is a mixture of infertile red and calcareous white sand (Leistner & Werger 1973).

8.2.2 Specialist Ecological Assessment

SANParks Scientific Services conducted a site specific vegetation impact assessment. A summary is presented here, and the complete report may be found in Appendix F.

8.3 SOCIAL-ECONOMIC CONTEXT

The area around the park is characterised by sparse populations of people, and long distances for infrastructural support. The Khomani San and the Mier are the two communities bordering the park. The Khomani San represents the last indigenous South African San. There is a high level of poverty within this group. Their recent history is one of dispossession in terms of land and access to natural resources, and of disempowerment resulting in the loss of language and culture. Main income- generating activities are small-stock herding for farmers of the Mier community, craft manufacturing and selling of products by the San coupled with cultural performances.

The Integrated Development Plan (IDP) of the Mier Municipality describes the park as an important draw-card for tourism in this area. The Mier community consists of six settlements of which Rietfontein is the largest. The residents of Mier live in less favourable conditions. A small number of people completed their school career and attended tertiary institutions. The direct effect is a high level of unemployment and a major challenge for the area’s population. In relation to the total labour force, 33% are unemployed (Census 2011). Unemployment affects the ability of the local municipality to render quality services, due to the lack of payment for services by the community. Another concern to the local municipality is the number of people employed in elementary occupations, again reflecting on the lack of skills development and capacity within the local municipality.

Major employers in the region are; the government, the local municipality, commercial farmers and SANParks. The Mier area is predominantly an extensive livestock - and seasonal game farming area. Generally the local economy is very small,

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DAWID KRUIPER REST CAMP, VEERTIENDE & BEDINKT PICNIC SITES: KTP: BAR representing only between 1% and 2% of total output for the Z.F. Mgcawu District which represents approximately a quarter (25%) of the Northern Cape’s economy. More than 80% of the park’s staff originates from Mier.

Although the tourism sector in the Mier local municipality has the natural resources to play a significant role in order to fulfil in the economy of the area, the sector is still not fully developed to its ultimate potential. Another potential which has not yet been investigated is the economic spin-offs from current as well as future salt mining on the salt pans in the Mier municipal area and the probability of one private solar power station. The planned Dawid Kruiper Rest Camp in partnership with the Khomani San, close to the confluence of the Auob and Nossob Rivers, will contribute substantially to the economic beneficiation of the Khomani San.

8.4 TOURISM

Being part of the KTP, both South Africa and Botswana benefit by the raised international profile of the park and most importantly by guaranteeing the long-term conservation of the valuable wildlife resources and their natural migratory patterns, thus helping to maintain the integrity of the Kalahari ecosystem. The park is one of SANParks’ top performing and financially sustainable parks and includes three rest camps and six wilderness camps, with a total of 97 accommodation units and 81 campsites available.

Twee Rivieren is the largest of the rest camps and the southern entrance to the park, as well as a South African tourist access facility. Other tourism structures include a restaurant, shop, swimming pool, and petrol station. Open vehicle game drives are also conducted from the camp.

The second largest camp is Nossob. The camp is situated in the middle of the park between Twee Rivieren and Union’s End, on the banks of the Nossob River and includes accommodation, a shop, petrol station, information centre and a game hide overlooking a waterhole. Open vehicle game drives are also being conducted.

The third rest camp is Mata Mata, which is situated on the banks of the Auob River on the Namibian border northwest of Twee Rivieren. Facilities include accommodation, a shop, petrol station, Namibian tourist access facility and game hide overlooking a waterhole. The six unfenced wilderness camps are Kieliekrankie, Urikaruus, Kalahari Tented Camp, Bitterpan, Gharagab and Grootkolk. The park offers a four day, 4 x 4 Eco-trail that runs through the dunes between Twee Rivieren and Polentswa, north of Nossob rest camp with three overnight campsites at Swartbas, Rosyntjiebos and Witgat. The park also has six picnic sites at Kamqua, Melkvlei, Dikbaardskolk, Lijersdraai, Union’s End and a museum / picnic site at Auchterlonie.

There were a total of 40, 084 visitors in 2014 / 2015, of which 7, 918 were day and 32, 166 overnight visitors. Of these, 23.44% were International visitors, 2.32% from Southern African Development Community (SADC) countries and 74.24% local. Of the 29, 759 South African visitors most originate from the Western Cape, Gauteng and Northern Cape, and only 2.99% of these visitors were black. Of the 9, 397 International visitors most originate from Germany, The Netherlands, France, and Switzerland and of the 928 SADC visitors most are from Namibia. During 2014 / 2015 financial year, the park achieved 89.4% unit occupancy of with 31, 436 units occupied which is significantly higher than SANParks’ average of 60.5%. Campsite occupancy achieved was 78.0%. The number of visitors participating in offered activities totalled 5,166 seats sold on game drives and day walks. There were 217 participants in the guided 4 x 4 Eco-trail.

The !Xaus Lodge which opened in July 2007 as part of the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, is owned by the Khomani San and Mier communities, and is the first fully catered luxury lodge to be located in the park. Whilst the park is performing exceptionally well, it is limited in terms of growth potential, due to an agreement with Botswana that limits tourism accommodation development.

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8.5 HERITAGE AND CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT

Exigo Sustainability was appointed to conduct an Archaeological Impact Assessment (AIA). The AIA was conducted subject to requirements as set out by the National Environmental Management Act (Act 107 of 1998), the National Heritage Resources Act (NHRA - Act 25 of 1999). The rationale of this AIA is to determine the presence of heritage resources such as archaeological and historical sites and features, graves and places of religious and cultural significance in previously unstudied areas; to consider the impact of the proposed project on such heritage resources, and to submit appropriate recommendations with regard to the cultural resources management measures that may be required at affected sites / features.

A summary of the findings is presented here, and the complete report may be found in Appendix G.

No sites, features or objects of cultural heritage significance were identified in the study area.

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9. DETAILS OF THE PUBLIC PARTICIPATION

9.1 OBJECTIVES OF THE PUBLIC PARTICIPATION PROCESS (PPP)

Section 24 of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 guarantees everyone the right to an environment that is not harmful to their health and well-being and to have the environment protected for the benefit of present and future generations. In order to give effect to this right, NEMA came into effect.

In terms of Section 24(4) of NEMA, procedures for the investigation, assessment and communication of the potential consequences or impacts of activities on the environment must, inter alia, ensure, with respect to every application:

 Coordination and cooperation between organs of state in the consideration of assessments where an activity falls under the jurisdiction of more than one organ of state.

 That the findings and recommendations flowing from an investigation, the general objective of integrated management laid down in NEMA and the principles of environmental management set out in Section 2 of NEMA are taken into account in any decision made by the organ state in relation to any proposed policy, programme, process, plan or projects, consequences or impacts.

 Public information and participation procedures which provide all integrated and affected parties, including all organs of state in all spheres of government that may have jurisdiction over any aspect of the activity, with a reasonable opportunity to participate in those information and participation procedures.

One of the general objectives of integrated environmental management laid down in Section 23(2) (d) of NEMA is to: “ensure adequate and appropriate opportunity for public participation in decisions that may affect the environment.”

The National Environmental Management Principles as stipulated in NEMA say that;

 “Environmental management must place people and their needs at the forefront of its concern, and serve their physical, psychological, developmental, cultural and social interests equitably.  The participation of all interested and affected parties in environmental governance must be promoted, and all people must have an opportunity to develop the understanding, skills and capacity necessary to achieve equitable and effective participation, and participation by vulnerable and disadvantage persons must be ensured”.

9.2 LEGISLATION AND GUIDELINES FOLLOWED FOR THE PPP

The public participation process for this project was conducted by Delron Consulting in terms of:

 The procedures and provisions in terms of the NEMA;  Chapter 6 of the 2014 EIA Regulations (as amended);  GN 807 of 2012; Public Participation Guideline; and  Other relevant legislation such as the Promotion of Access to Information Act (PAIA), 2000.

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9.3 PUBLIC PARTICIPATION PROCESS FOLLOWED

9.3.1 Identification & Registration of I&APs & Key Stakeholders

In order to facilitate public and stakeholder participation and enhancing cooperation between the Park and the people living in the area, the KTP has established a Park Forum. The Park Forum conducts meetings quarterly in a year. The Park Forum consists of members of various provincial, district and local government departments, non-governmental organisations, adjacent landowners, neighbouring communities, local suppliers and businesses.

Due the extent of the park and geographical isolation of the proposed activities (relative long distances from any human settlements and adjacent farms) it is considered impractical to inform every owner and occupiers of land adjacent to a National Park. Therefore notification and opportunity to participate focused on the Park Forum, relevant state departments, and relevant organs of state and registered I&APs (respondents to on-site and media notices).

Table 30 below lists the Park Forum Members notified (by means of e-mail) of the proposed projects. Copies of the notifications to the I&APs have been included in Appendix H.1.

Table 17: Park Forum Member List Park Forum Member List

9.3.2 Methods of Notification

9.3.2.1 Advertisement(s)

The proposed project was advertised in a local newspaper, the Gemsbok, on the …………………….2017. The Gemsbok was found to be the most appropriate newspaper in terms of its accessibility to the I&APs. A copy of the advertisement and proof of the placement thereof is attached in Appendix H.2.

9.3.2.2 Placement of Site Notices

Notice was also given to Interested and Affected Parties (I&APs) via the placement of site notice boards. Notice boards were placed at the reception at the Twee Rivieren Gate on the ……………………..2017. A copy of the site notice and photographs of the site notices are attached in Appendix H.3.

9.3.3 I&AP Register

Once the public, I&APs and key stakeholders were notified of the proposed project, an I&AP register (as provided in Appendix H.4) was compiled.

9.3.4 Public meeting(s)

No public meetings have been held, nor is one anticipated at this stage.

9.3.5 Access and Opportunity to Comment on Written Submissions

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9.3.5.1 Basic Assessment Report

The draft Basic Assessment Report was made available to the public and Organs of State for review for a period of thirty (30) days from the …………………….. 2017 to the ……………………… 2017. A hard copy of the draft document was also submitted to the DEA for review over the same review period.

An electronic copy of the draft Basic Assessment Report was also posted on the SANParks’ website for public comment for the same period of thirty days.

9.3.5.2 Consultation with the Relevant Authorities

 Authorities meeting(s)

A Pre-Application meeting has been held with the competent authority (the National Department of Environmental Affairs) on the 2nd of June 2017.

 Application form in terms of the NEMA

The applicable Environmental Authorisation application form under NEMA was submitted to the DEA on the ……………. 2017. A reference number (………………………..) was issued by DEA on the ………………………… 2017. The letter of acknowledgement indicating the above mentioned reference number is attached as Appendix H.5.

9.3.6 Comments and Responses

Issues, comments or questions received from the I&APs have been included and addressed in the table below.

Table 18: Comments and Response Name of Company / Method of Contact Date Issue raised Response Entity Comment Person

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SECTION 10: IMPACT ASSESSMENT

The assessment of impacts adhere to the minimum requirements in the EIA Regulations, 2014 (as amended), and take applicable official guidelines into account.

10.1 METHODS USED TO IDENTIFY POTENTIAL IMPACTS

A combination of the following methods was used to identify impacts during the Basic Assessment:

10.1.1 Technical and Specialist Investigations

Table 19: Conclusion and Recommendations of Technical and Specialist Investigations Specialist Study Findings / Recommendations

Ecological Study

Heritage Impact Assessment

10.1.2 Site Inspection

The EAP and specialist conducted a site visit and identified potential impacts and sensitive environments. These areas are then red-flagged to be investigated further and excluded from development if necessary.

10.1.3 Technical Reports / Park Management Plans

The Park Management Plan and technical reports such as the engineering service report and ecological assessment are used to identify those areas and aspects that may be impacted on.

10.1.4 Public Participation

Conducting public participation produces an issues list. Such a list needs to be screened for relevant impacts which then need to be addressed by specialist studies or identified for further investigation.

10.1.5 Environmental Aspects

The ISO 14001 international standard on environmental management systems defines ‘environmental aspects’ as elements of an organisation’s activities, products or services that can interact with the environment.

Environmental assessment reports generally include a description of the proposed development for which the assessment is undertaken. The purpose of such a description is to provide the reader with an understanding of what the development involves and thus indicate how the development may interact with the environment. Systematic identification of environmental aspects is the first step to ensure a correct understanding of the development. Only once a development and the way in which it may interact with the environment is correctly understood, can its actual and potential environmental consequences be correctly identified and evaluated. Refer to Section 4.2.3 for construction and operational aspects.

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10.2 ASSESSMENT OF IMPACTS

10.2.1 Definition of Terms

All construction or related activities, from occupation by the contractor, until the contractor leaves Construction Phase the site. Operational Phase All activities related to and including the operation and maintenance of the proposed development.

Nature The type of effect the specific activity will have on the environment.

Extent Spatial scale of the impact.

Duration Lifetime of the impact.

Magnitude/ Intensity Degree/severity of impact.

Probability Degree of certainty of impacts.

10.2 Methodology

The significance of the identified impacts will be determined using the approach outlined below. The impact assessment methodology is guided by the requirements of the NEMA EIA Regulations, 2014 (as amended).

Parameters Description

Likely to result in a negative/ detrimental impact (-) Nature Likely to result in a positive/ beneficial impact (+)

Significance Ranking Matrix To determine the significance of each impact identified, the following ranking criteria were applied to each impact identified:

Ranking Magnitude Reversibility Extent Duration Probability

Very high / 5 Irreversible International Permanent Certain / Inevitable don’t know Low potential for Long term (impact ceases after 4 High National Almost certain reversibility operational life of project) Moderate potential for 3 Moderate Provincial Medium term Can occur reversibility High potential for Unusual but 2 Low Local Short term reversibility possible 1 Minor Completely reversible Site bound Immediate Extremely remote

0 None None None

Significance = Consequence (Magnitude + Reversibility + Extent + Duration) X Probability wherein the following applies:

 The Magnitude of the impact. This will be quantified as either:

o Minor: will cause a minor impact on the environment.

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o Low: will cause a low impact on the environment. o Moderate: will result in the process continuing but in a controllable manner. o High: will alter processes to the extent that they temporarily cease. o Very High: will result in complete destruction and permanent cessation of process.

 The Probability: which shall describe the likelihood of impact occurring and will be rated as follows:

o Extremely remote: which indicates that the impact will probably not happen. o Unusual but Possible: distinct possibility occurrence. o Can Occur: there is a possibility of occurrence. o Almost Certain: Most likely to occur. o Certain/ Inevitable: impact will occur despite any measures put in place.

 The Duration (Exposure): wherein it will be indicated whether:

o The impact will be immediate. o The impact will be a short term (between 0-5 years). o The impact will be medium term (between 5-15 years). o The impact will be long term (15 years and more years). o The impact will be permanent. o Certain/ Inevitable: impact will occur despite any measures put in place.

 The Reversibility/ Replaceability: degree to which the impact can be reversed or the lost resource replaced:

o Irreversible: impact cannot be reversed. o Low potential for reversibility: low potential that impact might be reversed. o Moderate potential for reversibility: moderate potential that impact might be reversed. o High potential for reversibility: high potential that impact might be reversed. o Completely reversible: impact will be reversible.

The significance is described as:

Negligible The impact is non-existent or unsubstantial and is of no or little importance to any stakeholder < 20 and can be ignored.

Impact is of a low order and therefore likely to have little real effect. In the case of adverse Low impacts: mitigation and/or remedial activity is either easily achieved or little will be required, or < 40 both. In the case of beneficial impacts, alternative means for achieving this benefit are likely to be easier, cheaper, more effective, less time consuming, or some combination of these.

The impact is of importance to one or more stakeholders, and its intensity will be medium or Moderate < 60 high; therefore, the impact may materially affect the decision, and management intervention will be required.

An impact which could influence the decision about whether or not to proceed with the project regardless of any possible mitigation. In the case of adverse impacts: mitigation and/or remedial High activity is feasible but difficult, expensive, time-consuming or some combination of these. In the > 60 case of beneficial impacts, other means of achieving this benefit are feasible but they are more difficult, expensive, time-consuming or some combination of these.

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Considering the potential incremental, interactive, sequential, and synergistic cumulative impacts, Low it is unlikely that the impact will result in spatial and temporal cumulative change. Cumulative Considering the potential incremental, interactive, sequential, and synergistic cumulative impacts, Medium Impact it is probable that the impact will result in spatial and temporal cumulative change. Considering the potential incremental, interactive, sequential, and synergistic cumulative impacts, High it is highly probable/definite that the impact will result in spatial and temporal cumulative change.

Low Where the impact is unlikely to result in irreplaceable loss of resources. Irreplaceable Where the impact may result in the irreplaceable loss (cannot be replaced or substituted) of Medium loss of resources but the value (services and/or functions) of these resources is limited. resources Where the impact may result in the irreplaceable loss of resources of high value (services and/or High functions).

10.3 IMPACTS THAT MAY RESULT FROM THE CONSTRUCTION PHASE

10.3.1 Air Quality Impact - Generation of dust as a result of vegetation clearing and earthworks.

Table 1 - Summary of impact assessment showing the air quality impacts associated with vegetation clearance in the presence and absence of mitigation measures. Ranking Without Mitigation With Mitigation Magnitude Low (2) Low (2) Reversibility Irreversible (5) Irreversible (5) Extent Site Bound (1) Site Bound (1) Duration Immediate (1) Immediate (1) Probability Almost Certain (4) Can occur (3) Significance 36 (Low) 27 (Low)

10.3.1.1 Recommendations for Mitigation a) During construction, efforts should be made to retain as much natural vegetation as possible on the site to reduce disturbed areas and maintain plant cover, thus reducing dust and erosion risks. b) Operate vehicles within speed limits, where no speed limit has been specified the limit shall be 20 km/h. c) Material in transit should be loaded and contained within the load bin of the vehicle in such a way as to prevent any spillage onto the roads and the creation of dust clouds. The bin of the vehicle shall be covered with a tarpaulin to prevent dust.

10.3.2 Topography - Impact on prominent physical or landscape features with conservation potential due to the necessity for extensive earth works and civil requirements.

Physio-graphically, the proposed DKRC site falls within a gently sloping, undulating terrain area that is characterise by linear and seif dunes with rounded crests. The site itself is situated above the 880 m contour height, against the eastern flank of such a dune, which runs in a north-west to south-east direction. This eastern dune flank extends downwards towards the Auob River bed. The development and construction activities associated with the DKRC, suggests the possibility of changes to the local topography of the site and thus the landscape.

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These changes however will be minimal as the development is small (2 160²) and will be built taking in to consideration all impacts on the local ecology and landscape.

Table 2 - Summary of impact assessment showing impacts associated with extensive earth works and civil requirements in the presence and absence of mitigation measures. Ranking Without Mitigation With Mitigation Magnitude High (4) Moderate (3) Reversibility Low (4) Moderate (3) Extent Local (2) Site Bound (1) Duration Long Term (4) Short term (2) Probability Can occur (3) Remote (1) Significance 42 (Moderate) 9 (Negligible)

10.3.2.1 Recommendations for Mitigation a) Excavation and reshaping of the area on the dune should be kept to a minimum. b) The Zandspruit stream and associated floodplains will be protected by means of a 30 meter conservation buffer where no development is allowed. c) An Environmental Control Officer must monitor construction activities to ensure that damage to the physical aspects of the site is restricted to the development footprint / demarcated area only. Demarcation of no-go areas is of importance.

10.3.3 Wind Erosion Risk – During the vegetation clearance and excavation process for the construction of the projects and associated infrastructure soil will be exposed which could lead to wind erosion.

Due to the aeolian nature of the sand, manmade structures and objects could lead to undesirable sand accumulation and wind erosion (blowouts). Wind erosion causes a number of problems including destruction of habitats and a decrease in the aesthetic quality of the environment

Table 3 - Summary of impact assessment showing the impacts associated with erosion risks in the presence and absence of mitigation measures. Ranking Without Mitigation With Mitigation Magnitude Moderate (3) Low (2) Reversibility Moderate (3) Moderate (3) Extent Site bound (1) Site bound (1) Duration Short term (2) Short term (2) Probability Almost certain (4) Unusual but Possible (2) Significance 36 (Low) 16 (Negligible)

10.3.3.1 Recommendations for Mitigation a) It can be expected that phases of sand accumulation will occur and recur, necessitating repeated removal of sand and destabilisation to maintain the desired condition. b) The expected sand dynamics of the site will be investigated by the architects to ensure sustainable design, the aim must be to avoid creating areas of extremes in terms of sand accumulation and wind tunnel situations.

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DAWID KRUIPER REST CAMP, VEERTIENDE & BEDINKT PICNIC SITES: KTP: BAR c) During construction, efforts should be made to retain as much natural vegetation as possible on the site to reduce disturbed areas and maintain plant cover, thus reducing dust and erosion risks. d) During construction, areas susceptible to erosion must be protected by installing temporary or permanent drainage works and energy dispersion mechanisms and could include: vegetation, reno mattresses, benches consisting of sandbags, gabions, gabion mattresses and packing rocks in disturbed areas.

10.3.4 Soil – During the vegetation clearance and earth works (excavation and trenching) process for the construction of the projects and associated infrastructure soil will be exposed which could lead to the following potential impacts:  Loss of soil integrity as a result of soil disturbance. (e.g. topsoil stripping and trenching).  Compaction of soil as a result of movement of people and vehicles over exposed soils.  Contamination of soil resources through spills or leaks of sewage, cement/concrete and other potential contaminants, including possible indiscriminate disposal of solid waste and wastewater.

Table 4 - Summary of impact assessment showing the impacts associated with soil disturbance, compaction and contamination in the presence and absence of mitigation measures. Ranking Without Mitigation With Mitigation Magnitude Very High (5) Low (2) Reversibility Moderate (3) High potential for reversibility (2) Extent Site bound (1) Site bound (1) Duration Short term (2) Short term (2) Probability Almost certain (4) Can occur (3) Significance Moderate ( 44) 21 (Low)

10.3.4.1 Recommendations for Mitigation

Soil Management and Stockpiling a) All site construction activities / components, including access, site clearing, lay down areas, site camp and excavation activities, shall be accommodated within the perimeter of the area earmarked for development. The area to be transformed shall be clearly demarcated and the size of the construction phase footprint shall be limited to the areas required for actual works. b) The detail of vegetation clearing shall be subject to the Park Manager`s approval and shall occur in consultation with the Environmental Control Officer. c) Clearance of vegetation shall be restricted to that which is required to facilitate the execution of the works. d) No vegetation located outside the construction site shall be destroyed or damaged. e) Topsoil shall be stripped from all areas that are to be utilized during the construction period and where permanent structures and access is required. These areas will include permanent works, pipeline trenches, stockpiles, access roads, construction camps and laydown areas. Topsoil shall be stripped after clearing of woody vegetation and before excavation or construction commences. f) Topsoil must be stripped to a minimum depth of 150 mm and stockpiled on the demarcated topsoil stockpile areas. g) Herbaceous vegetation, overlying grass and other fine organic matter shall not be removed from the stripped soil. h) Any area to be used for stockpiling or material laydown shall be stripped of all topsoil. i) Soil stockpiles shall be located away from drainage lines, watercourses and areas of temporary inundation. j) Temporary soil stockpiles must not be higher than 1,5 m (to avoid compaction) and the slopes of soil stockpiles shall not be steeper than 1 vertical to 1,5 m horizontal. k) Excavated subsoil, where not contaminated, must be used for backfilling and topsoil for landscaping and rehabilitation of disturbed areas.

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Soil Contamination Mitigation Measures a) Cement, fuels, oil and lubricants must be stored in a safe, clearly designated area of the construction terrain. Storage areas should be bunded with a storage capacity of 110% of the maximum volume they will store and have a sump to collect any spilled liquid. b) Any spillage must be cleared immediately, by removing contaminated soil and dispose of at a licensed hazardous waste disposal site. Waste manifests will be kept on record to prove legal disposal.

Handling of Concrete and Cement a) Hand mixing of cement and concrete shall be done on mortarboards and/or within the bunded area with impermeable surface or concrete slab. b) Bulk and bagged cement and concrete additives will be stored in an appropriate facility at least 100m away from any watercourse, gullies and drains. Empty cement bags should also be stored in this water tight facility until they can be disposed of. c) All concrete washing equipment, such shovels, mixer drums, etc. shall be done within ae washout facility. Water used for washing shall be restricted as afar as practically possible. d) Empty cement and bags, if temporarily stored on site, must be collected and stored in weatherproof containers. Used cement bags may not be used for any other purpose and must be disposed of on a regular basis in accordance with the Contractor`s solid waste management system. They may not be burnt or buried. e) Concrete and cement or any solid waste materials containing concrete and cement will be disposed of at a Twee Rivieren.

Handling, Storage and Management of Hazardous Substances a) All hazardous materials/substances shall be stored in a secured container.

10.3.5 Loss of Flora – Loss, destruction and/or eradication of vegetation due to development. Protected tree species e.g. Acacia erioloba, Acacia haematoxylon and Boscia albitrunca could be unnecessarily be removed or damaged, either deliberately or inadvertently. . SANParks Scientific Services confirmed that the areas earmarked for construction do not accommodate any rare, threatened or endangered species, or sensitive habitats or any other specific features of special conservation value. Therefore, there is no risk of loss, destruction and/or disturbance of rare, threatened or endangered plant species or communities as a result of vegetation clearance.

Table 5 - Summary of ecological assessment showing the impacts associated with potential loss of vegetation in the presence and absence of mitigation measures. Ranking Without Mitigation With Mitigation Magnitude Low (2) Minor (1) Reversibility Moderate (3) High (2) Extent Site bound (1) Site bound (1) Duration Permanent (5) Long term (4) Probability Certain (5) Unusual but possible (2) Significance 55 (Moderate) 16 (Negligible)

10.3.5.1 Recommendations for Mitigation

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DAWID KRUIPER REST CAMP, VEERTIENDE & BEDINKT PICNIC SITES: KTP: BAR a) Protected trees (Acacia erioloba and Acacia haematoxylon) may not be cut, disturbed, damaged and/or destroyed except under license granted by the Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries. b) While bush clearing will need to be undertaken ahead of construction and trenching in some areas, the areas needing to be cleared and the degree of clearing required will be determined and demarcated prior to construction. Such a determination will be undertaken in consultation with a Section Ranger before clearing begins. c) No construction activities may occur within the Auob River or within 32 meters from the edge of the river. d) All construction vehicles to remain within the construction site and avoid off road driving in order to minimise any impact on vegetation and soil. e) Consider the selective trimming of branches to allow for free vehicle and pedestrian movement before opting to remove any trees. f) Access to vegetated areas outside of the development footprint must be minimised by marking areas with orange plastic mesh or hazard tape from the development. g) Clearance of vegetation shall be restricted to that which is required to facilitate the execution of the works. h) No vegetation located outside the construction site shall be destroyed or damaged.

10.3.6 Surface Water (Riparian Zone: Elevation and Flood Line Levels - Sensitive Environments)

There are two rivers in the KTP namely the Auob and the Nossob. Both of these rivers are ephemeral, which means that they only flow for a short period in a very good rainy season. It is estimated that some part of the Auob and the Nossob may flow once every 11 and 50 years respectively. These riverbeds will hold some water during the rainy season and there is moisture beneath their beds.

The DKRC site is elevated and for all practical purposes the rest camp are sited comfortably away from the riparian zone.

Table 6 - Summary of ecological assessment showing the impacts associated with alteration of a water course in the presence and absence of mitigation measures. Ranking Without Mitigation With Mitigation Magnitude Moderate (3) Moderate (3) Reversibility Low potential (4) Moderate potential (3) Extent Local (1) Local (1) Duration Permanent (5) Medium term (3) Probability Certain (5) Can Occur (3) Significance 65 (High) 30 (Low)

10.3.6.1 Recommendations for Mitigation a) The septic tank and soak-away systems for the picnic sites must be constructed above the 1:100 year flood line, further than 32m from the Auob and Nossob Rivers and not closer than 100 meters from any boreholes. b) The constructions of pipelines in or adjacent to the water course buffer zone should be aligned and managed so as to minimise disturbance of the riparian zone and instream habitats. c) For natural watercourses, the original geometry, topography and geomorphology in both cross-sectional and longitudinal profile should be reinstated. d) Soils removed in the watercourse must be excavated and stored as close as possible to the excavation area. After construction has been completed these areas must be rehabilitated. Specifically the soils in the area must be replaced in the same order than in which it was excavated.

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DAWID KRUIPER REST CAMP, VEERTIENDE & BEDINKT PICNIC SITES: KTP: BAR e) All construction materials should be removed from the watercourse and riparian zone immediately after construction at the site is completed.

10.3.7 Direct Faunal Impacts – Disturbance or loss of wildlife due to construction.

Table 7 - Summary of ecological assessment showing the impacts associated with potential loss of fauna in the presence and absence of mitigation measures. Ranking Without Mitigation With Mitigation Magnitude Low (2) Minor (1) Reversibility Irreversible (5) Moderate (3) Extent Site bound (1) Site bound (1) Duration Short (2) Short term (2) Probability Certain (5) Unusual but possible (2) Significance 50 (Moderate) 14 (Negligible)

10.3.7.1 Recommendations for Mitigation a) The sites do not fall within the boundaries of migratory routes of any species. b) During construction activities, wherever possible, work should be restricted to one area at a time. This will give smaller birds, mammals and reptiles an opportunity to move into undisturbed areas close to their natural habitat. c) In case of observation of any species during construction phase, SANParks, section ranger should be consulted to deal with translocation of such species. No killing or attempt to translocate species should be undertaken by contractors. d) The poaching, collection, hunting or harvesting of animals is strictly forbidden. e) The Contractor or Contractor’s Environmental Officer should monitor trenches/excavations at the start and end of each working day to check if any small animals are trapped. f) The Contractor shall ensure that the work site be kept clean, tidy and free of waste that would attract animals

10.3.8 Surface and Groundwater: Contamination - Impact of contaminated storm water discharge into the environment. Ground water contamination may occur during the construction phase as a result of negligence, inappropriate planning, lack of supervision and general handling errors. Pollutants include hydrocarbons i.e. diesel or hydraulic oils from construction machinery, stored fuels and cement in solution and leaching of pollutants. Contaminated discharges may reach sensitive ecosystems. If the accumulation of pollutants is significant, certain flora and fauna species may be impacted upon.

Table 8-Summary of assessment showing the impacts associated with storm water runoff in the presence and absence of mitigation measures. Ranking Without Mitigation With Mitigation Magnitude Moderate (3) Minor (1) Reversibility Moderate potential for reversibility (3) High potential for reversibility (2) Extent Local (2) Site bound (1) Duration Short term (2) Short term (2) Probability Almost certain (4) Unusual but possible (2) Significance 40 (Moderate - Low) 12 (Negligible)

10.3.8.1 Recommendations for Mitigation

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DAWID KRUIPER REST CAMP, VEERTIENDE & BEDINKT PICNIC SITES: KTP: BAR a) The septic tank and soak-away systems for the picnic sites must be constructed above the 1:100 year flood line, further than 32m from the Auob and Nossob Rivers and not closer than 100 meters from any boreholes. b) Monitor construction equipment and machinery daily to ensure that no fuel spillage takes place. c) The contractor shall be responsible for providing all sanitary arrangements for his labour force. A minimum of one chemical toilet shall be provided per 10 persons. Waste resulting from the use of chemical toilets shall be disposed of at a licensed WWTW. The construction site is to be maintained in a sanitary condition and all toilet facilities shall be maintained in good order. Abluting anywhere other than in the toilets shall not be permitted. d) Use of chemicals - The mixing of any herbicides, solvents, asphalt, sealants, adhesives, paints, chemicals or other noxious materials shall only be undertaken in designated areas on aprons that have spillage control channels and separate storage areas. The mixing of materials will not be permitted in the general areas of the site. All surplus or waste materials are to be removed from the site. e) Mixing of cement - Where cement/concrete, etc. is mixed on site, this shall be done in specified areas on aprons or on protective plastic linings and provision shall be made to contain spillage or overflows onto soils. Residue shall be regarded as waste and be handled accordingly.

10.3.9 Noise - Excessive noise levels as a result of construction activities.

Table 9-Summary of noise assessment showing the impacts associated with construction activities in the presence and absence of mitigation measures. Ranking Without Mitigation With Mitigation Magnitude Moderate (3) Low (2) Reversibility Moderate potential for reversibility (3) Moderate potential for reversibility (3) Extent Local (2) Local (2) Duration Short term (2) Short term (2) Probability Almost certain (4) Can occur (3) Significance 40 (Moderate) 27 (Low)

10.3.9.1 Recommendations for Mitigation a) The contractor shall take into consideration that the project areas are located within a natural environment and that noise could be a major disturbance/nuisance for the fauna and visitors to the park. b) All construction vehicles must be serviced on a frequent basis as a means of limiting excessive noise levels. c) The contractor must ensure the silencers of all construction vehicles and machinery is working.

10.3.10 Aesthetics - Reduction in visual quality due to construction activities.

Table 10-Summary of assessment showing the impacts associated with construction traffic in the presence and absence of mitigation measures. Ranking Without Mitigation With Mitigation Magnitude Low (2) Minor (1) Reversibility Low (4) Low (4) Extent Site bound (1) Site bound (1) Duration Short term (2) Short term (2) Probability Can occur (3) Unusual but possible (2) Significance 27 (Low) 16 (Negligible)

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10.3.10.1 Recommendations for Mitigation a) The Contractor shall not establish any activities which, in the opinion of the ECO, are likely to adversely affect the scenic quality of the area. The ECO May direct the Contractor to refrain from such activities or to take ameliorative actions to reduce the adverse effects of such activities. b) No painting or marking of natural features shall take place. Marking for surveying and other purposes shall only be done with pegs and beacons. c) The contractor shall ensure that all temporary structures, equipment, materials, waste and facilities used for construction activities are removed upon completion of the project. d) On-going housekeeping to maintain a tidy construction area. e) The clearing of all sites should be kept to a minimum and surrounding vegetation should be left intact. f) No construction rubble, construction material, refuse, litter or any other material not found naturally in the surroundings should be allowed at any time to be lying around on the construction site. Store all construction rubble, refuse and litter in a skip prior to disposal. Store building material in a container.

10.3.11 Impacts on Heritage Resources - This impact relates to potential effects construction activities may have on existing archaeological artefacts (if any). Impact on structures and sites of architectural heritage and value (buildings, bridges etc.). Impact on structures and sites of cultural heritage (stonewalls, kraals etc.). Impact on structures and sites of historic heritage (battlefields etc.). Impact on sites of archaeological or palaeontological importance (prehistoric, Iron-age etc.). Impact on sites used in traditional rituals or events. Impact on sites or areas of religious or spiritual significance (holy places, graveyards etc.). Impact on integrity of cultural resources. Impact on level of disturbance due to improved access (destruction, vandalism, collectors etc.).

Table 11-Summary of HIA showing impacts associated with development in the presence and absence of mitigation measures. Ranking Without Mitigation With Mitigation Magnitude - - Reversibility - - Extent - - Duration - - Probability - - Significance No Impact No Impact

10.3.11.1 Recommendations for Mitigation a) It is considered unlikely that in situ archaeological resources are present within the proposed areas for development. b) In the event of heritage artefacts unearthed during the construction phase, Heritage Authorities (SAHRA) shall be informed immediately, and appropriate measures shall be taken to avoid damage or destruction to artefacts.

10.3.12 Waste - Land, air and water pollution through poor waste management practices. Use of veld for ablution purposes.

Table 12-Summary of assessment showing impacts associated with waste in the presence and absence of mitigation measures. Ranking Without Mitigation With Mitigation Magnitude High (4) Minor (1) Reversibility High potential for reversibility (2) High potential for reversibility (2) Extent Site bound (1) Site bound (1) Duration Short term (2) Short term (2)

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Probability Certain (5) Can Occur (3) Significance 45 (Moderate) 18 (Negligible)

10.3.12.1 Recommendations for Mitigation a) Sufficient ablution facilities to be provided at the construction site. b) Suitable litter receptacles to be positioned strategically across the site at all working areas. c) All waste collection receptacles must be provided with lids and an external closing mechanism to prevent their contents blowing out and must be scavenger-proof to prevent access by animals that may be attracted to the waste. d) The entire site will be cleared of construction material, metal, tins, glass bottles, and food packaging or any other type of empty container or waste material or waste equipment used by the construction team on a daily basis. e) Waste must be separated at source (e.g. containers for glass, paper, metals, plastics, organic waste and hazardous wastes). f) The Contractor shall dispose of all refuse generated on site or from the activities of construction or its related activities. The contractor shall on a weekly basis dispose of all refuse at Twee Rivieren. g) No refuse or litter is allowed to be burnt or buried on site.

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10.4 IMPACTS THAT MAY RESULT FROM THE OPERATIONAL PHASE

10.4.1 Water Supply - Unsustainable water use

The total extraction requirements for the operation of the proposed rest camp at maximum occupancy are estimated to be approximately 6 000 litres (or 6m³) per day.

Table 1-Summary of assessment showing impacts associated with unsustainable water use waste in the presence and absence of mitigation measures. Ranking Without Mitigation With Mitigation Magnitude Very High (5) Moderate (3) Reversibility Low (4) High potential for reversibility (2) Extent Local (2) Local (2) Duration Permanent (5) Permanent (5) Probability Certain (5) Can occur (3) Significance 80 (High) 36 (Low)

10.4.1.1 Recommendations for Mitigation a) Basic water conservation awareness education of tourists and staff will be instituted. A notice at ablutions facilities will encourage visitors to conserve water. b) Given constraints on water supplies in the KTP systems that enable reuse of treated water are encourage. c) As a general rule, total water extraction from any and all sources within the site must be limited to not more than 250 litres per bed per day. This number must be viewed as a maximum, and includes all forms of water use. d) A water meter should be installed at the abstraction point and monthly readings should be collated. Any transgressions of the water use should be rectified through appropriate means, i.e. check for leaks. e) All shower units in the units will optimise low flow options and dual flush toilet systems will be chosen to reduce water use. f) The provision of a swimming pool should also reduce the use of showers in summer as guests will rather cool off in the pool than take showers.

10.4.2 Waste Management - Impacts due to management of solid and liquid waste.

Table 2-Summary of assessment showing impacts associated with waste in the presence and absence of mitigation measures. Ranking Without Mitigation With Mitigation Magnitude High (4) Low (2) Reversibility High potential for reversibility (2) High potential for reversibility (2) Extent Site bound (1) Site bound (1) Duration Permanent (5) Permanent (5) Probability Almost certain (4) Unusual but possible (2) Significance 48 (Medium) 20 (Low)

10.4.2.1 Recommendations for Mitigation

Liquid Waste Management: The advent of development will require the handling of sewerage.

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DAWID KRUIPER REST CAMP, VEERTIENDE & BEDINKT PICNIC SITES: KTP: BAR a) It is generally recommended by SANParks that the reed bed system is considered for all larger developments (16 persons or more). This system is based on using reeds to filter impurities out of the sewer liquids, resulting in clear, usable water as an end product. b) Picnic sites could follow the Septic Tank/French Drain approach or similar alternatives provided the site specific soils can accommodate this system. c) SANParks must provide a wastewater management system capable of ensuring that liquid wastes are treated to a level that meets or exceeds South African/DWA water quality regulations prior to discharge or reuse. Monthly monitoring should be done to ensure compliance with relevant standards. d) All reed-beds must be fenced off to prevent access by game animals and humans. e) No burying or burning of waste will be allowed.

Solid Waste Management a) SANParks will implement a policy of sorting and recycling solid wastes. b) Solid wastes may need to be stored at the Reception Complex before being removed to Twee Rivieren. In these instances, the storage facilities will be secured from wildlife and to ensure pollution does not arise. c) All waste collection receptacles must be provided with lids and an external closing mechanism to prevent their contents blowing out and must be scavenger-proof to prevent access by animals that may be attracted to the waste. d) SANParks staff must undertake regular clean-ups of the site, and ensure that all waste receptacles are functional. Repairs should be instituted where necessary.

10.4.3 Visual Impact

The proposed developments will not be a new source of substantial light or glare which could adversely affect day or night time views in the KTP.

The visual intrusion impact also relates to the proposed developments and their potential impact on the views of surrounding tourist. The introduction of man-made structures, power supply infrastructure and other associated supporting infrastructure stand in stark contrast to the environment because of their shape (especially linear and angular elements), colour (reflective surfaces) and texture and therefore may cause a visual impact.

Table 3-Summary of assessment showing visual impacts during operation. Ranking Without Mitigation With Mitigation Magnitude Moderate (3) Low (2) Reversibility High potential for reversibility (2) High potential for reversibility (2) Extent Site bound (1) Site bound (1) Duration Permanent (5) Permanent (5) Probability Almost certain (4) Unusual but possible (2) Significance 44 (Medium) 20 (Low)

10.4.3.1 Recommendations for Mitigation a) The design and planning of the facility will be such that it will blend unobtrusively into the surrounding natural landscape and is consistent with the sense-of-place. Height restrictions, use of appropriate natural materials and the use of camouflage techniques are important mitigation measures in terms of short distance visual impact mitigation. A structure's shape, colour and texture can be softened by means of appropriate techniques which include non-reflective paint, natural coloured paint and screening with appropriate materials (thatch, stone, timber and vegetation).

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DAWID KRUIPER REST CAMP, VEERTIENDE & BEDINKT PICNIC SITES: KTP: BAR b) Power supply lines will be underground. c) No trees will be removed and as much as possible of the original vegetation will be retained during development. d) Only down lights or lights with shields may be used for external lighting, whether these are security lights or the lights from the reception complex.

10.4.4 Socio-Economic Impacts

 Stimulation of the local economy, especially the local service delivery industry (positive impact).  Generation of funds to contribute to the management of the KTP (positive impact).  Creation of long term employment and business opportunities as well as opportunities for skills development and transfer for the Mier and Khomani San communities (positive impact).  Creation of opportunities for local SMME’s / Mier and Khomani San communities (positive impact).  Financial beneficiation of Mier and Khomani San communities, which will increase over time (positive impact).  Creation of a destination that appeals to the tastes and preferences of a new or broader tourist market and exposes them to nature and heritage (positive impact).

Table 4 - Summary of assessment showing socio-economic impacts during operation. Ranking Without Mitigation With Mitigation Magnitude - Very High (5) Reversibility - Irreversible (5) Extent - Local (2) Duration - Permanent (5) Probability - Certain (5) Significance - 85 (High Positive)

10.4.4.1 Recommendations a) Maximize the employment of previously disadvantaged workers from local communities.

10.5 CUMULATIVE IMPACTS

Cumulative impacts refer to the situation where an activity may in itself not have a significant impact, but may become significant when added to the existing and potential impacts from similar or different activities in the area. The following potential cumulative impacts have been identified:

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Table 20: Cumulative Impacts Socio-economic: Economic benefit and social An important priority for the park is the implementation of the Ae!Hai upliftment. Kalahari Heritage agreement , which is the tri-lateral agreement drawn up at the finalisation of the joint land claims. The potential of local communities to contribute to tourism and cultural heritage should be developed to increase the socio-economic impact of the park.

The promotion of social and economic development in the local communities and improvement in the overall well-being of these communities is regarded as a positive cumulative impact Cumulative increase in number of visitor’s traffic, The proposed DKRC is sited on land owned by the Mier and Khomani availability and functioning of service San communities. This land has been incorporated into the KTP as a infrastructure. contractual park in terms of the National Parks Act 57 of 1976 (as amended). The contractual park is managed by a Joint Management Board (JMB) with representation by the Mier community, Khomani San and SANParks to oversee the implementation of the joint management plan for the relevant area.

In Kalahari Gemsbok National Park’s Park Management Plan (2016- 2026), reference is made under Section 9 entitled “Concept Development Plan” to “Proposed Visitor Facilities Developments” (Bedinkt and Veertiende Waterhole Picnic Sites) and “Proposed Accommodation Development” (Auob Lodge Development, now known as DKRC). This management plan was authorised by the Minister of Environmental Affairs in terms of Sections 39 and 41 of the National Environmental Management: Protected Areas Act No 57 of 2003 (NEM:PAA) on 27 May 2016.

To ensure that park planning and development enables the protection and enhancement of the ecological, cultural and scenic resources of the park SANParks has adopted Park Zoning Plan. The primary objective of a park zoning plan is to establish a coherent spatial framework in and around the park to guide and co-ordinate conservation, tourism and visitor experience initiatives.

A zoning plan plays an important role in minimizing conflicts between different users of a park by separating potentially conflicting activities such as game viewing and day-visitor areas whilst ensuring that activities which do not conflict with the park’s values and objectives (especially the conservation of the protected area’s natural systems and its biodiversity) can continue in appropriate areas.

As per the Kalahari Gemsbok National Park’s Park Management Plan, the proposed developments are situated within a zone classified as the “Low Intensity Leisure Zone”. The objective of this tourist orientated zone is to provide infrastructure for day and overnight visitors in a natural environment. The underlying characteristic of this zone is motorised self- drive access, with basic self-catering facilities.

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Therefore the proposed DKRC and picnic sites are in the development plans for the KTP and partially fulfils the park's goal of realising the economic returns from tourism associated with the KTP, while safeguarding its ecological integrity and pristine wilderness quality. The local Mier and Khomani San communities will also benefit from the skills development programmes and economic returns arising from the DKRC.

SANParks accepts that adverse impacts increase strongly with increase in the number of visitors. However, under the present institutional and financial conditions SANParks can alleviate these cumulative impacts through investment, increasing maintenance of roads, upgrading of bulk services infrastructure and these potential impacts will be monitored and mitigated on an individual basis.

10.6 DECOMMISSIONING IMPACTS

The development represents the establishment of tourism facilities and infrastructure within the KTP, as such no decommissioning phase is envisaged with the foreseeable future.

Since no decommissioning phase is envisaged, the impacts of such a phase is not assessed in this Basic Assessment Report. Should certain of the project components be decommissioned in future, the environmental and other relevant legislation applicable to those activities at that time will need to be complied with.

However, given the nature of the proposed development, decommissioning or closure of the proposed development:

 Would produce benign solid waste from structures and services infrastructure that could potentially be re-used or be disposed of at a licensed landfill site;  Would not produce toxic or hazardous waste for disposal, or leave any such waste on site;  Would not sterilise the site for future use after decommissioning; and  Would not result in irreversible or irreplaceable loss of natural resources.

Therefore, no high significant negative impacts associated with decommissioning of the proposed development are anticipated.

10.7 ENVIRONMENTAL STATEMENT

In general, the expected environmental impacts from the construction and operation of the DKRC, picnic sites and associated infrastructure do not indicate that the proposed activities would have irreversible detrimental effects on the receiving environment.

Section 7 of this report contains a detailed investigation and assessment of the alternative options for the proposed activities. The positive and negative impacts of each of the proposed activities are discussed under Sections 10.3 and 10.4 of this report. The significance of impacts during the construction and operation phases are summarised below:

Table 21: Summary and Conclusion on Impacts Identified

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Significance Significance Potential Impact Before After Mitigation Mitigation DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION & OPERATIONAL PHASE Air quality impact - generation of dust as a result of vegetation clearing and earthworks. Low Low Topography - Impact on prominent physical or landscape features with conservation Moderate Negligible potential due to the necessity for extensive earth works and civil requirements. Wind Erosion Risk Low Negligible Soil – During the vegetation clearance and earth works (excavation and trenching) process for the construction of the projects and associated infrastructure soil will be exposed which could lead to the following potential impacts:  Loss of soil integrity as a result of soil disturbance. (e.g. topsoil stripping and trenching). Moderate Low  Compaction of soil as a result of movement of people and vehicles over exposed soils.  Contamination of soil resources through spills or leaks of sewage, cement/concrete and other potential contaminants, including possible indiscriminate disposal of solid waste and wastewater. Loss of Flora – Loss, destruction and/or eradication of vegetation due to development. Protected tree species e.g. Acacia erioloba, Acacia haematoxylon and Boscia albitrunca Moderate Negligible could be unnecessarily be removed or damaged, either deliberately or inadvertently. Surface Water (Riparian Zone: Elevation and Flood Line Levels - Sensitive High Low Environments) Direct Faunal Impacts – Disturbance or loss of wildlife due to construction. Moderate Negligible

Surface and Groundwater: Contamination Moderate Negligible

Noise - Excessive noise levels as a result of construction activities. Moderate Low

Aesthetics - Reduction in visual quality due to construction activities. Low Negligible

Impacts on heritage Resources No Impact No Impact

Waste - Land, air and water pollution through poor waste management practices. Moderate Negligible

OPERATIONAL

Water Supply - Unsustainable water use High Low

Waste Management - Impacts due to management of solid and liquid waste. Moderate Low

Visual Impact Moderate Low Socio-Economic Impacts  Stimulation of the local economy, especially the local service delivery industry (positive impact).  Generation of funds to contribute to the management of the KTP (positive impact). High (Positive)  Creation of long term employment and business opportunities as well as opportunities for skills development and transfer for the Mier and Khomani San communities (positive impact).

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Significance Significance Potential Impact Before After Mitigation Mitigation  Creation of opportunities for local SMME’s / Mier and Khomani San communities (positive impact).  Financial beneficiation of Mier and Khomani San communities, which will increase over time (positive impact).  Creation of a destination that appeals to the tastes and preferences of a new or broader tourist market and exposes them to nature and heritage (positive impact).

The positive and negative impacts of all the alternatives have been identified and assessed under Section 10 of this report. The identified impacts and/or environmental risks as result of the proposed DKRC and picnic sites are mostly Moderate. The impacts can, however, be mitigated to mostly Low and Negligible, provided that the draft Environmental Management Programme, containing the proposed mitigation measures, is implemented. It is further important that the EMP must be viewed as a dynamic, working document that will be improved upon, as and when required.

Positive impacts from the proposed project include financial beneficiation of Mier and Khomani San communities, creation of long term employment and business opportunities as well as opportunities for skills development and transfer for the Mier and Khomani San communities and the generation of funds to contribute to the management of the KTP.

10.8 DESCRIPTION OF ANY ASSUMPTIONS, UNCERTAINTIES, AND GAPS IN KNOWLEDGE

10.8.1 Assumptions

In undertaking this BAR, it has been assumed that:

 The information provided by the proponent and the project planning team / specialists is accurate and discloses all information relevant to EIA, proposed project and possible impacts.  Where supporting or baseline information was unavailable, a precautionary approach is adopted.  That the mitigation measures proposed in this report and the draft Environmental Management Programme are implemented correctly and are effective.  That there will be no significant changes to the proposed project that could affect the findings and recommendations of this report and the draft Environmental Management Programme.

10.8.2 Gaps in Knowledge

All specialist studies are conducted to certain levels of confidence, but in all instances known methodologies have been used and confidence levels are generally high. This means that in most cases the situation described in the pre-construction environment is accurate at high certainty levels, but there exists a low probability that some issues have not been identified during the studies. Furthermore, statistical analyses and mathematical models are merely tools which assist the researcher in assessing field observations and have innate assumptions which can reduce objectivity of the results obtained. This is not seen as a major flaw but should always be considered when assessing results.

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11. REASONED OPINION & CONDITIONS OF AUTHORISATION

Information has been provided to National Department of Environmental Affairs (DEA) and Interested and Affected Parties during the Basic Assessment Process. This document serves as the draft report to be considered by the registered I&APs and state departments. Should there be any final comments received on this report within the notice period provided, these comments will be submitted to DEA, for final perusal and decision making.

This basic assessment process has been carried out in accordance with the NEMA, 1998, as amended, and the Regulations there under, as amended.

The Basic Assessment Process has identified a number of issues pertaining to the proposed DKRC and picnic sites developments within the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park. The issues have been assessed and, where relevant described in detail to gain an adequate understanding of the possible environmental impacts of the proposed projects such that mitigating measures may be formulated to respond to those negative aspects, which have emerged.

Given the nature of the projects and selected sites, the EAP concludes that the potential impacts associated with the proposed developments are of a nature and extent that can be reduced, limited, and eliminated by the introduction of appropriate mitigation measures.

It is recommended that, based on the outcomes of the Environmental Impact Assessment and supplemental specialist information that:

 Based on the assessment of the information supplied to us as well as that which is gained from the site visits, consultations and specialist investigations is that provided the project proponent implements the mitigation measures and recommendations as outlined and contained in this report, the proposed construction and operation of the David Kruiper Rest Camp and picnic sites at the Veertiende and Bedinkt Waterholes will have a minimal impact on the environment. While a number of environmental impacts have been identified, none of these are considered that severe after mitigation as to prevent the further planning and design and construction of the proposed developments. Our recommendation is it should be approved.

 Should the project applicant obtain the necessary environmental authorisation for the proposed activities, an Environmental Management Plan Programme (EMP) must be implemented for the construction and operational phases of the developments.

 In addition to the EMP, it is also recommended that SANParks must nominate a Section Ranger to act as an Environmental Control Office to monitor the construction of the proposed projects to ensure that the recommendations and specifications as detailed in the EMP are complied with and those additional environmental issues that arise, are effectively mitigated and managed.

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APPENDIX A: EAP CURRICULUM VITAE

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APPENDIX B: SITE LAYOUT PLAN

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APPENDIX C: ARCHITECTURAL DRAWINGS AND FACILITY ILLUSTRATIONS

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APPENDIX D: SERVICES LAYOUT DRAWING

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APPENDIX E: PICNIC SITE INFRASTRUCTURE

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APPENDIX F: ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT

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APPENDIX G: HERITAGE IMPACT ASSESSMENT

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APPENDIX H.1: I&APS NOTIFICATIONS

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APPENDIX H.2: NEWSPAPER ADVERTISEMENT

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APPENDIX H.3: ON-SITE NOTICES

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APPENDIX H.4: I&AP REGISTER

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APPENDIX H.5: AUTHORITY CORRESPONDENCE

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APPENDIX H.6: I&APS COMMENTS RECEIVED

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APPENDIX I: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME (EMP)

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