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Revisión De Los Calliphoridae (Diptera) De La Península Ibérica

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Revisión De Los Calliphoridae (Diptera) De La Península Ibérica UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS Departamento de Zoología TESIS DOCTORAL Revisión de los Calliphoridae (Diptera) de la Península Ibérica MEMORIA PARA OPTAR AL GRADO DE DOCTOR PRESENTADA POR María Dolores González Mora Madrid, 2015 © María Dolores González Mora, 1984 U Dolores Gonzalez Mora 5 3 0 9 8 6 3 1 7 7 * UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE REVISION DE LOS CALLIPHORIDAB (DIPTERA) DE LA PENINSULA IBERICA Departamento de Zoologfa Facultad de Clencias Biol6glcas Unlversidad Complutense de Madrid 1984 "■;3liOTECA Colecclén Tesis Doctorales. N5 33/84 © Dolores Gonzalez Mo'ra Edita e imprime la Editorial de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Servicio de Reprograffa Noviciado, 3 Madrid-8 Madrid, I984 Xerox 9200 XB 480 Depésito Legal: M-3299-1984 Dolores Gonz&les Uora , REVISION DB LOS CALLIPHORID^ DE LA PENINSULA IBERIOA Tesle Doctoral dirigida por* Dr. Salvador V. Peris Torres Realizada en la Câtedra de Entomologla Facultad de Biologla Unlversidad Complutense de Madrid 1982 Considero un deber Ineludlble expresar ml agradeoimlen to a todas ague lias personas que de algdn modo han contrlbuldo a la reallzaoidn de este trabajo. Bn primer lugar al Dr. Salvador V. Peris director de este trabajo, por poner a mi disposlci^n sus conocimientos j , experienoia, por transmitirme su entusiasmo por los Dipteros y por sue oonsejos, orientaciones y observaciones que han permit! do Uevarlo a cabo. Al Dr. Pedro Garcia Corralss por su constante apoyo y por su ayuda en el para ml, désconocido mundo de la fotografla, gracias a la cual se han realizado las ilustraciones de esta memoria. A mis oompafîeros de trabajo y a mis compaüeros de esta Câtedra, por sus consejos, aliento y sugerencias. A mi famllia que con su ânimo y benevolencia me han hecho posible alcanzar la meta final. II INDICE fags Introduocidn ..... 1 Situacldn y aeparacién ........... 2 Material y metodos ..... 6 Morfologla del adulte ..... 10 Biologla....... .............. ...................... 26 Subfamilia Rhiniinae.. 33 Clave de gâneros paleârticos ....................... 33 Gdnero Stomorhina. 36 Stomorhina lunata ..... 36 Gdnero Rhyncomyia. ............ 48 Clave de especies ibéricas. ..... 49 Rhyncomyia ruficepa. .......... 51 Rhyncomyia gemyana .............. 57 Rhyncomyia 1taliça ...................... ...... 62 Rhyncomyia cuprea.......... 64 Rhyncomyia columbina. ..... 70 Rhyncomyia columbina navarrica. ......... 78 Subfamilia Chryaomiinae ......................... 80 Clave de tribus ..... '................ 80 Tribu Chrysomlini ....... 80 Gdnero Chrysomyia ........ 61 Chrysomyia albiceps ..... 82 Tribu Fhormiini 89 Clave de géneros paleârticos 89 Gânero Protooalliphora. .......... 91 Clave de especies ibéricas...... .......... 91 Pro to oallinho ra azurea. ........ 92 Ill Pro to calllpho ra falcozl..................... 99 Génère Protophormia......... 103 Protophormia terrae-novae.......... 104 Subfamilia Calliphorinae. ........ 109 Clave de géneros paleârticos. ............ 109 Género Lucilia. .......... 113 Clave de especies ibéricas..................... 113 Lucilia ampullacca. ......... 117 Iflicilia illuatris.............. 122 Lucilia caesar ........... 127 Género Bufolucilia. ........... 133 Clave de especies ibéricas ..... 133 Bufolucilia silvarum........ 139 Género Phaenlcia. ........ 140 Clave de especies ibéricas ........... 140 Phaenicia sericata 141 Phaenicia richardsi. ..... 152 Género Calliphora.. ..... 158 Clave de especies ibéricas ...... 159 Calliphora vicina. ........ 159 Calliphora vomitoria. .............. 171 Género Melinda. ........ 178 Clave de especies ibéricas.............. 179 Melinda cognata. ..... 179 Melinda gentilis. ........ 184 Género One sia. ..... 189 Clave de especies ibéricas............................. 190 One sia sepulcralis. ....... 190 One sia austriaca......... 196 IV Género' Bellardia......... 202 Clave de especies ibéricas ...... 202 Bellardia agilis ..... 204 Bellardia pusilla ..... 210 Bellardia obsoleta........................... 216 Bellardia biseta ...... 222 Distribucién geogrâfica 228 Lista-catâlogo de los Calliphoridae paleârticos 233 Resuraen y conclusions s .......... 272 Bibliografla................................. 274 INTRODUCCION Las mo 8 cardas azules de la c a m e y las mo seas verdes de los oaddveres, son los nombres con los que popularmente se cono- cen varias de las especies estudiadas en este trabajo. Estes Dipteros no han side objeto de revisidn en nues- tro pais. S6lo se conoclan las citas de especies recogidas por ARIAS (1912) en su "Distribucién geogràfica de los Dipteros de Espana" y alguna que otra cita en publicaciones extranjeras, por elle hemos creido interesanté abordar el estudio de los Callipho­ ridae espaüoles en su con junto. Tan sélo la subfamilia Rhiniinae fue estudiada por PERIS (1952) en su revisién mundial de este grupo. Su trabajo nos ha servido de modelo en la redaccién de en­ ta memoria, Los Calliphoridae (Piptera; Cyclorrapha) forman junto con los Sarcophagidae y Rhinophoridae la superfamilia Callipho- roidea. Hay que sedalar que este criterio no es seguido por to- dos los autores, sino que existen discrepancias en cuanto a la categorla taxonémica atribuible a cada uno de estos grupos. SEGUY (1941), OLDROYD (1949), HENNING (1952) y ZUMPT (1956) consideran a los Calliphoridae formados por las subfami- lias Calliphorinae y Sarcophaginae. Por otro lado HALL (1948) y ROBACK (1951) consideran estas familias como familias indepen- dientes. Aqul seguiremos este tSltimo criterio. En cuanto a la clasificacién interna del grupo en subfamilias y tribus, cas! cada autor adopta un criterio diferente, mâs en cuanto a sus ca tegorias, que en cuanto a los grupo s en si. En esta Memoria he— mos adoptado el criterio mâs generalizado y coimîn, no siguiendo los mâs novedosos de LEHRER (19 70 ) y tan solo basados en una in terpretacién un tanto subjetiva de la genitalia masculina. Para situar los grupos objeto de nuestro estudio den- tro del érden Diptera, y separarlos de los restantes grupos que lo in te gran, proponemos la siguiente clave t 1 (2) Antenas relativamente largas, mâs largas que la cabeza y el térax, formadas por mâs de siete artejos (excepte en Nymphomydae). Sin arista. Palpos pendientes, de 4- 5 arte jos........ Subérden NEMATOOERA 2 (l) Antenas m&B cortas que el té rax y con otra configura- cién en general. Palpos siempre erectos, de uno o dos arte jos...... Subérden BRAQUYCERA 4 (3) Antenas de très arte jos ( ouatro en Pis type zidae ). At ±b ta generalmente en posicién dorsal. Palpos fonmdos por un solo arte jo ......... Subérden CYCLORRAPHA 5 (6) Sin sutura frontal. LtSnula frontal presente o no. Cé- lula cubital larga.... Seccién ASCHIZA 6 (5) Sutura frontal y liSnula distintas; ptilinum sienpre presente y célula cubital corta y vestigial..... ....................... Seccién SGHIZOPHORA 7 (8) Esoudmulas abreviadas. II artejo antenal no hendido en su cara antero dorsal, unicamente con una esootadu- ra. Estigmas abdominales ordinariamente situados sobre la membrana con juntiva. .... ............ ................... Grupo ACALYPTRATAE 8 (7) Escudmulaa bien desarrolladas, Antenas con el II arte— jo antenal hendido en su cara antero-dorsal. Estigmas abdominales sobre los terguitos (excepto en Glossina), y setas posthumeraies mds o menos desarrolladas pero présentes........... Gruno CALYPTRATAE '9 (10) Setas hipopleurales nulas. Metanoto no biconvexe, post e soude te poco désarroi lado, no prominente. Porcién ap_i cal de la vena ra por lo general paralela a la porcién apical de la vena r^-r^..Superfamilia MUSCOIDEA 10 (9 ) Setas hipopleurales présentés, rara vez faltan. Vena m casi siempre torcida en su porcién apical, formando una curvadura o codo. ill (12) Metanoto fuertemente biconvexe. Postesoudete bien desa rrollado y prominente. Esteraites generalmente mâs o menos ocultos por los bordes de los terguitos. Proster no lampiho o setuloso en los bordes, raramente piloso en toda su superficie ...Superfamilia TACHINCIDEA 12 (11) Metanoto no biconvexe, Postescudete de desarrollo mâs débil o nulo. II estemito siempre libre y a veces con sus bordes montando sobre los terguitos .............. ................ Superfamilia CALLIPHOROIDEA .13 ( 16) Prostemo desnudo, al menos en su raitad anterior. Rara vez con coloraciôn metâlica, al menos en nuestras lat^ tudes. 14 (15) Borde intemo de la escuâmula tordcica rozando la base del escudete. Prosterne desnudo o setuloso, cuando se­ tuloso, lo es solo en su mitad posterior. Estigma meta torâcico formado por dos piezas que se ajustan perfec- tamente a los bordes del orificio estigmâtico, ocul- tando prâcticamente la abertura. Depresién propleural usualmente desnuda. Generalmente mâs de dos setas no- topleurales. La mds externa de las setas notopleurales, colocada al raismo nivel que la presuturai. Coloracién general gris, ntuy frecuentemente formando raanchas o como un damero de pruinosidad carabiante (visto el ab­ domen por detrâs). En algdn caso (Metonllni) la cabe­ za fuertemente triangular y la arista corta y prâeti- camente desnuda ........ Pamilia SARCOHIAGIDAE 15 (14) Escudmula tordcica de bordes subparalelos, su borde intemo divergente del e je antero-posterior del cier- po y por tanto no rozando la base del escudete. Pros­ t e m o desnudo. Estigmas metatorâcicos con las piesas sustituidas por uno s sal lentes de apariencia plume sa insertos por su base en el borde inferior del orifi­ cio estigraâtico y dispuestos a ambos lados del miimo. Depresién propleural desnuda. Solo dos setas notojleu— raies. En lo restante otra
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