Aus Dem Institut Für Parasitologie Und Tropenveterinärmedizin Des Fachbereichs Veterinärmedizin Der Freien Universität Berlin

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Aus Dem Institut Für Parasitologie Und Tropenveterinärmedizin Des Fachbereichs Veterinärmedizin Der Freien Universität Berlin Aus dem Institut für Parasitologie und Tropenveterinärmedizin des Fachbereichs Veterinärmedizin der Freien Universität Berlin Entwicklung der Arachno-Entomologie am Wissenschaftsstandort Berlin aus veterinärmedizinischer Sicht - von den Anfängen bis in die Gegenwart Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung des Grades eines Doktors der Veterinärmedizin an der Freien Universität Berlin vorgelegt von Till Malte Robl Tierarzt aus Berlin Berlin 2008 Journal-Nr.: 3198 Gedruckt mit Genehmigung des Fachbereichs Veterinärmedizin der Freien Universität Berlin Dekan: Univ.-Prof. Dr. L. Brunnberg Erster Gutachter: Univ.-Prof. em. Dr. Dr. h.c. Dr. h.c. Th. Hiepe Zweiter Gutachter: Univ.-Prof. Dr. E. Schein Dritter Gutachter: Univ.-Prof. Dr. J. Luy Deskriptoren (nach CAB-Thesaurus): Arachnida, veterinary entomology, research, bibliographies, veterinary schools, museums, Germany, Berlin, veterinary history Tag der Promotion: 20.05.2008 Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über <http://dnb.ddb.de> abrufbar. ISBN-13: 978-3-86664-416-8 Zugl.: Berlin, Freie Univ., Diss., 2008 D188 Dieses Werk ist urheberrechtlich geschützt. Alle Rechte, auch die der Übersetzung, des Nachdruckes und der Vervielfältigung des Buches, oder Teilen daraus, vorbehalten. Kein Teil des Werkes darf ohne schriftliche Genehmigung des Verlages in irgendeiner Form reproduziert oder unter Verwendung elektronischer Systeme verar- beitet, vervielfältigt oder verbreitet werden. Die Wiedergabe von Gebrauchsnamen, Warenbezeichnungen, usw. in diesem Werk berechtigt auch ohne besondere Kennzeichnung nicht zu der Annahme, dass solche Namen im Sinne der Warenzeichen- und Markenschutz-Gesetzgebung als frei zu betrachten wären und daher von jedermann benutzt werden dürfen. This document is protected by copyright law. No part of this document may be reproduced in any form by any means without prior written authorization of the publisher. alle Rechte vorbehalten | all rights reserved © mbv 2008 Nordendstr. 75 - 13156 Berlin – 030-45494866 [email protected] – www.menschundbuch.de Inhalt 1. Aufgabenstellung Seite 1-2 2. Arachno-Entomologie – eine Kurzbetrachtung Seite 3-17 2.1. Systematik der Arthropoda Seite 3-4 2.2. Was verbirgt sich hinter dem Begriff Arachno-Entomologie ? Seite 5 2.3. Parasitäre Arthropoden – ausgewählte Kapitel Seite 6-16 2.3.1. Sarcoptidae und Psoroptidae (Räudemilben) Seite 6-8 2.3.2. Varroa destructor (Varroamilbe) - früher Varroa jacobsoni - und ihr Wirt Apis mellifera (Westliche Honigbiene) Seite 8-13 2.3.3. Gasterophilinae (Magendasselfliegen) Seite 14-15 2.3.4. Hypodermatinae (Hautdasselfliegen) Seite 15-16 3. Berlin – Wissenschaftsstandort Seite 17-58 3.1. Abriss der Entstehungsgeschichte Berlins Seite 17-23 3.2. Bemerkungen zum Wissenschaftsstandort Berlin aus der Sicht der veterinärmedizinischen Arachno- Entomologie Seite 23-43 3.2.1. Arachno-Entomologie an den Berliner veterinär- medizinischen Bildungsstätten; von der Gründung der Tierarzneischule 1790 bis 1945 Seite 27-35 3.2.2. Arachno-Entomologie an den übrigen Berliner wissenschaftlichen Einrichtungen von 1790 bis 1945 Seite 36-43 3.3. Bibliographie der wissenschaftlichen Arbeiten auf dem Gebiet der Arachno-Entomologie bis 1945 Seite 44-58 4. Berlin – geteilte Stadt Seite 59-87 4.1. Veterinärmedizinische Arachno-Entomologie an der Humboldt Universität (1945-1993) Seite 59-71 4.2. Veterinärmedizinische Arachno-Entomologie an der Freien Universität von der Gründung 1948 bis in die Gegenwart Seite 72-78 4.3. Arachno-Entomologie an den übrigen Berliner wissenschaftlichen Einrichtungen von 1945 bis in die Gegenwart Seite 79-86 4.4. Berliner Arachno-Entomologen – „Ahnenreihe“ Seite 87 4.5. Bibliographie der arachno-entomologischen Arbeiten 1946 – 2006 Seite 88-196 5. Allgemeine Einschätzung der Berliner Leistungen auf dem Gebiet der veterinärmedizinischen Arachno-Entomologie Seite 197-198 6. Kurzer Ausblick Seite 199 7. Zusammenfassung Seite 200 Summary Seite 201 8. Literatur – Quellennachweis Seite 202-207 9. Anhang Seite 208-210 9.1. Abbildungen – Quellennachweis Seite 208-209 9.2. Verwendete Abkürzungen Seite 210 Eidesstattliche Erklärung Danksagung 1. Aufgabenstellung Das Thema dieser Abhandlung „Entwicklung der Arachno-Entomologie am Standort Berlin aus veterinärmedizinischer Sicht, von den Anfängen bis in die Gegenwart“ wirft zwei Fragen auf. 1. Warum ist gerade Berlin so interessant ? Berlin ist seit seiner Gründung 1237 vielmals Blickpunkt der Geschichte gewesen und ein Schmelztiegel der Völker. Die Gründung der Berlin-Brandenburgischen Sozietät der Wissenschaft (1700), der Königlichen Tierarzneischule (1790) und der Friedrich- Wilhelm-Universität Berlin (1810) führten zu einer rapiden Entwicklung der Forschung. Die Stadt war Regierungsstadt von Preußen und wurde 1871 Hauptstadt des Deutschen Reiches. Mit dem Fall Berlins 1945 endete der zweite Weltkrieg und die Stadt wurde von den Siegermächten geteilt. „Ost“- Berlin wurde Hauptstadt der Deutschen Demokrati- schen Republik – in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland wurde zwar Bonn Hauptstadt, „West“- Berlin galt jedoch als die „heimliche“ Hauptstadt. Nach der Wiedervereinigung wurde Berlin wieder deutsche Hauptstadt und zum Regierungssitz der Bundesrepublik Deutschland gewählt. 2. Warum die Arachno-Entomologie ? Die medizinische und veterinärmedizinische Arachno-Entomologie beschäftigt sich mit parasitären Arthropoden, im weiteren Sinne den sogenannten Schadarthropoden. Diese Schadtiergruppe stellt in unserem Ökosystem eine nicht zu unterschätzende Größe dar. „Von den schätzungsweise 1.2 Millionen Tierarten auf der Erde entfallen mehr als 1 Mil- lion Arten auf Arthropoden, von denen nahezu jede 5. Art zu den Schadinsekten gehört.“1 So weit man zurückverfolgen kann, bevölkern Arthropoden seit Beginn des Kambriums - d.h. mehr als 542 Mio. Jahre - alle großen Lebensräume der Erde – „Continental, Fluvial, Ozeanal“. Viele Spezies von ihnen sind als Parasiten, Vektoren und Zwischenwirte, Ge- sundheits- und Hygieneschädlinge, sowie als Gifttiere und als Immunreaktionen auslö- sende Agenzien für die Veterinär- und Humanmedizin von enormer Bedeutung. Unter 1 Arachno-Entomologie Th.Hiepe, R. Ribbeck - 1 - diesem Gesichtspunkt verdienen besonders die durch Schadarthropoden verursachten Zoonosen Beachtung. Prof. Th. Hiepe, langjähriger ord. Professor für Parasitologie in Berlin, beauftragte mich, mit der Bearbeitung dieser Thematik einen Grundriss zu skizzieren, auf dem weiterführ- endende historische Erkenntnisse der Arachno-Entomologie am Wissenschaftsstandort Berlin aufbauen können. Diese historische Betrachtung kann keinen Anspruch auf Vollständigkeit erheben, da das Themengebiet sehr umfangreich und weit verzweigt ist. Vielmehr soll sie auf der Basis des umfangreichen Faktenmaterials einen Überblick verschaffen und als Leitfaden für detaillierte arachno-entomologische historische Studien dienen. - 2 - 2. Arachno- Entomologie – eine Kurzbetrachtung 2.1. Systematik der Arthropoda Tab.1 (S.3-4) : „Systematik parasitischer Metazoen (Auswahl mit Schwerpunkt auf Arthropoden von veterinärmedizinischer und humanmedizinischer Bedeutung). Die Arthropoden sind ein Stamm der Metazoen. ...“ Stamm1 Klasse Ordnung Familie Gattung - Unterstamm - Unterklasse - Unterordnung - Unterfamilie -- Überfamilie Arthropoda - Chelicerata Arachnida (syn. Amandibulata) - Acari Anactinotrichida - Metastigmata Argasidae Argas, Ornithodoros, Otobius Amblyomma, Ixodidae Boophilus, Dermacentor, Haemaphysalis, Hyalomma, Ixodes, Rhipicephalus - Mesostigmata Dermanyssidae Dermanyssus, Trichonyssus Halarachidae Pneumonyssus Macronyssidae Macronyssus, Ophionyssus, Ornithonyssus Varroa Varroidae Actinotrichida - Prostigmata -- Trombidioidea Trombiculidae Neotrombicula, Trombicula -- Cheyletoidea Demodicidae Demodex, Ophthalmodex - Astigmata -- Psoroptoidea Psoroptidae Chorioptes, Otodectes, Psoroptes Sarcoptidae Notoedres, Sarcoptes -- Analgoidea Knemidokoptidae Knemidokoptes - Mandibulata Insecta - Exopterygotia Phthiraptera - Anoplura Haematopinidae Haematopinus Pediculidae Pediculus Pthiridae Pthirus - Rhynchophthera Haematomyzidae Haematomyzus - Amblycera Menoponidae Menopon - Ischnocera Trichodectidae Bovicola, Trichodectes, Werneckiella Hemiptera - Heteroptera Cimicidae Cimex, Oeciacus Reduviidae Dipetalogaster, Panstrongylus, Rhodnius, Triatoma Hymenoptera Apidae Apis - Endopterygotia Diptera - Nematocera -- Psychodoidea Psychodidae - Phlebotominae Lutzomyia, Phlebotomus, Sergentomyia - 3 - -- Culicoidea Culicidae - Anophelinae Anopheles, Bironella, Chagasia - Culicinae Aedes, Coquillettidia, Culiseta, Culex, Manso- nia, Stegomyia -- Chironomoidea Ceratopogonidae Culicoides Simuliidae Prosimulium, Simulium - Brachycera -- Tabanoidea Tabanidae Chrysops, Haematopota, Hepatoma, Stenota- banus, Tabanus - Cyclorrhapha -- Muscoidea Muscidae - Stomoxyinae Haematobia, Haematobosca, Stomoxys -- Hippoboscoidea Glossinidae Glossina Hippoboscidae Hippobosca, Lipoptena, Melophagus, Pseu- dolynchia -- Oestroidea Calliphoridae Calliphora, Chrysomya, Cochliomyia, Lucilia Oestridae - Cuterebriae Cuterebra, Dermatobia - Gasterophilinae Gasterophilus - Hypodermatinae Hypoderma, Oestromyia - Oestrinae Oestrus, Rhinoestrus Sarcophagidae Wohlfahrtia -- Carnoidea Braulidae Braula Siphonaptera -- Vermipsylloidea Vermipsyllidae Dorcadia, Vermipsylla -- Pulicoidea Pulicidae Ctenocephalides, Ornithopsylla, Pulex, Xe- nopsylla Tungidae Tunga
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