DOCSLIB.ORG

Hoje Na Segunda Guerra Mundial Batalha De Berlim

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Hoje Na Segunda Guerra Mundial Batalha De Berlim Hoje na Segunda Guerra Mundial Batalha de Berlim 16 de Abril – 2 de Maio de 1945 Marcelo Ribeiro Costa Rios https://www.facebook.com/hojenasegundaguerramundial http://hojenasegundaguerramundial.com/ Hoje na Segunda Guerra Mundial Nota Importante O texto que se segue expressa a opinião pessoal do autor e é baseado em fatos históricos bem documentados e referenciados. Autoriza-se a sua reprodução, cópia e divulgação, desde que para fins não lucrativos e que a fonte seja citada. Todos os direitos reservados. ® 2 de Maio de 2015 https://www.facebook.com/hojenasegundaguerramundial 1 http://hojenasegundaguerramundial.com/ Hoje na Segunda Guerra Mundial 17 de Abril de 1945 Neste dia (na madrugada entre os dias 16 e 17) começava a Batalha de Berlim. Durante a noite os 3 principais exércitos soviéticos (1º Frente Bielorussa, 2ª Frente Bielorussa e 1ª Frente Ucraniana) iniciaram o avanço contra as últimas linhas defensivas alemãs. Figura 1 General Theodor Busse, em pé, o último à direita, numa conferência com Hitler em Março de 1945 para a coordenação das operações do Grupo de Exércitos Vístula e para a defesa de Berlim. No segundo dia de batalha a 1ª Frente Bielorussa, comandada pelo Marechal Georgi Zhukov, continuava a tentar ultrapassar os "Portões de Berlim", como era chamada a impressionante estrutura defensiva montada pelos alemães na região de Seelow Height, uma elevação natural de terreno que permitia uma visão ampla e desimpedida do vale por onde as formações soviéticas teriam que obrigatoriamente passar para chegar a Berlim. https://www.facebook.com/hojenasegundaguerramundial 2 http://hojenasegundaguerramundial.com/ Hoje na Segunda Guerra Mundial Figura 2 Marechal Georgy Zhukov, ao centro. À esquerda o General Eisenhower. Zhukov contava com mais de 1 milhão de soldados que enfrentavam cerca de 110 mil alemães pertencentes ao 9º Exército Alemão (parte do Grupo de Exércitos Vístula), comandados pelo General Theodor Busse. Foi a primeira grande confrontação entre tropas soviéticas e alemãs na Batalha de Berlim e só terminaria no dia 19 de Abril de 1945. https://www.facebook.com/hojenasegundaguerramundial 3 http://hojenasegundaguerramundial.com/ Hoje na Segunda Guerra Mundial 18 de Abril de 1945 Neste dia a Batalha de Berlim entrava no seu terceiro dia. As tropas soviéticas pertencentes à 1º Frente Bielorussa, sob o comando do Marechal Georgy Zhukov, ainda lutavam nas colinas de Seelow, a última linha de defesa da cidade de Berlim. Numa luta desesperada, cerca de 100 mil soldados alemães enfrentavam mais de 1 milhão de soldados soviéticos ansiosos por invadirem a capital do III Reich. A luta pelas colinas de Seelow, que os estrategistas soviéticos previram que duraria 1 dia, já durava 3 dias e só terminaria no dia seguinte, 19 de Abril de 1945, resultando em dezenas de milhares de mortos e feridos. Figura 3 Mapa mostrando o avanço soviético entre os dias 18 e 25 de Abril. A sul da cidade a 1ª Frente Ucraniana, comandada pelo Marechal Ivan Konev, obtinha resultados melhores pois enfrentava tropas alemãs mais dispersas e menos equipadas, alcançando rapidamente o rio Spree. O seu objetivo era cercar a cidade pelo sul e pelo oeste. https://www.facebook.com/hojenasegundaguerramundial 4 http://hojenasegundaguerramundial.com/ Hoje na Segunda Guerra Mundial Figura 4 Civil das Volkssturm nas proximidades de Berlim com um Panzerschreck. A norte a 2ª Frente Bielorussa, comandada pelo Marechal Konstantin Rokossovsky, rompia a linha defensiva do Oder entre Schwedt e Stettin, ameaçando cercar a cidade pelo norte. No Führerbunker, construído debaixo da Chancelaria em Berlim, Hitler perdia-se em devaneios e em discursos fantasiosos. Imaginava um poderoso exército alemão que, num ataque relâmpago a partir do norte, cortaria o avanço soviético e salvaria a capital. Figura 5 Katyusha soviético montado num caminhão norte-americano Studebaker, fornecido no âmbito da lei "Lend- Lease". https://www.facebook.com/hojenasegundaguerramundial 5 http://hojenasegundaguerramundial.com/ Hoje na Segunda Guerra Mundial E a arma do dia é... Arma anti-tanque alemã Panzerfaust (Trad., "Punho Blindado"). Tratava-se de uma arma barata, leve, fácil de ser produzida, transportada e utilizada no campo de batalha. A arma vinha pré-carregada com uma ogiva anti-tanque altamente explosiva. Era uma arma de tiro único, ou seja, depois de disparada o tubo era descartado. Figura 6 Civis alemães das Volkssturms com Panzerfausts ao ombro. Foram amplamente utilizados na defesa da capital alemã durante a Batalha de Berlim. O desenvolvimento da Panzerfaust começou em 1942 e foi baseado na Fauspatrone. A primeira versão chamava-se Panzerfaust 30, pesava cerca de 5 quilos e media pouco mais de 1 metro. Ao longo do tubo havia uma mira e um gatilho para disparar o projétil. A ogiva pesava pouco menos de 3 quilos e continha 800 gramas de uma mistura altamente explosiva de TNT e outros compostos químicos, com uma capacidade de penetração superior aos 200 mm, suficiente para destruir todos os blindados existentes na época. Era uma arma mortal quando utilizada corretamente, mas tinha um raio de alcance muito limitado que variava entre os 30 metros (Panzerfaust 30) e os 150 metros (Panzerfaust 150), o que significava que o soldado tinha que esperar até o último momento para poder dispará-la. https://www.facebook.com/hojenasegundaguerramundial 6 http://hojenasegundaguerramundial.com/ Hoje na Segunda Guerra Mundial Figura 7 Soldados finlandeses. Um deles está prestes a disparar o seu Panzerfaust. Foi amplamente utilizada em todas as frentes de batalha e teve um papel de destaque na Batalha de Berlim, sendo responsável pela destruição de inúmeros blindados aliados. Figura 8 Soldados alemães, cada um deles com um Panzerfaust ao ombro. https://www.facebook.com/hojenasegundaguerramundial 7 http://hojenasegundaguerramundial.com/ Hoje na Segunda Guerra Mundial 19 de Abril de 1945 Neste dia a Batalha de Berlim entrava no seu quarto dia e as tropas soviéticas finalmente conseguiam ultrapassar as colinas de Seelow, ficando com o caminho livre para avançarem para o coração da capital do III Reich. Após 4 dias de duros combates a 1ª Frente Bielorrusa, comandada pelo Marechal Georgy Zhukov, ultrapassava as impressionantes defesas construídas no alto das colinas de Seelow. Milhares de soldados alemães perderam a vida na defesa dessas posições, conscientes de que se tratava da última defesa da cidade. Figura 9 Artilharia soviética nas proximidades de Berlim. Mais de 16 mil alemães e 5 mil soviéticos morreram nesta batalha e mais de 700 tanques russos foram destruídos, mas a partir deste dia, entre as formações do Marechal Zhukov e Berlim haviam apenas pequenos bolsões de resistência. As portas da capital alemã tinham sido finalmente abertas. No sul a 1ª Frente Ucraniana avançava praticamente livre de resistência em campo aberto. O 9º Exército alemão, praticamente a última formação militar alemã com alguma capacidade de combate, era cercada neste dia. https://www.facebook.com/hojenasegundaguerramundial 8 http://hojenasegundaguerramundial.com/ Hoje na Segunda Guerra Mundial Figura 10 Soldados soviéticos carregando um Katyusha nas proximidades de Berlim. Nesta data a cidade de Berlim ainda não estava completamente cercada e as tropas soviéticas ainda combatiam fora dos seus subúrbios. Figura 11 Civil das Volkssturm recebendo instrução de uso de uma Panzerfaust. https://www.facebook.com/hojenasegundaguerramundial 9 http://hojenasegundaguerramundial.com/ Hoje na Segunda Guerra Mundial 20 de Abril de 1945 Neste dia a Batalha de Berlim entrava no seu quinto dia. Numa clara provocação pessoal, baterias de artilharia soviética abriram fogo contra o centro da capital alemã às primeiras horas da manhã, justamente no dia em que Hitler completava 56 anos. A intensa barragem de artilharia continuaria de forma ininterrupta até a rendição da cidade. Figura 12 Mapa mostrando o avanço dos exércitos soviéticos entre os dias 16 e 25 de Abril de 1945. Depois de no dia anterior ter ultrapassado a última linha defensiva alemã nas colinas de Seelow, a 1ª Frente Bielorussa, comandada pelo Marechal Georgy Zukhov, avançava rapidamente em direção à cidade, mas ainda combatia fora dos seus subúrbios. https://www.facebook.com/hojenasegundaguerramundial 10 http://hojenasegundaguerramundial.com/ Hoje na Segunda Guerra Mundial Figura 13 Aviação soviética sobrevoando a cidade de Berlim. À norte, a 2ª Frente Bielorussa, comandada pelo Marechal Konstantin Rokossovsky, atacava o Grupo de Exércitos Vístula. O seu objetivo era manter essas divisões sobre intensa pressão e evitar que ameaçassem o flanco norte dos exércitos de Zukhov. À sul, a 1ª Frente Ucraniana, comandada pelo Marechal Ivan Konev, continuava o seu impressionante avanço e, após conquistar Luckenwalde e Mittenwalde, iniciava uma curva em direção ao norte com o objetivo de cercar a cidade de Berlim em conjunto com as tropas de Zukhov. Figura 14 Tropas alemãs durante a Batalha de Berlim. https://www.facebook.com/hojenasegundaguerramundial 11 http://hojenasegundaguerramundial.com/ Hoje na Segunda Guerra Mundial 21 de Abril de 1945 Neste dia a Batalha de Berlim entrava no seu sexto dia. As primeiras tropas do Marechal Zhukov entravam neste dia nos subúrbios mais afastados de Berlim, marcando o início da segunda fase da Batalha de Berlim, caracterizada por combates de proximidade (muitas vezes corpo-a-corpo) em ambiente urbano. Figura 15 Soldados russos, alguns mortos, outros feridos e outros apenas descansando, durante a Batalha de Berlim. A defesa da cidade estava a cargo do General de Artilharia Helmuth Weidling, que contava apenas com algumas divisões da Wehrmacht e das Waffen-SS muito enfraquecidas pelos recentes combates. No total dispunha de cerca de 45 mil soldados. Para além dos soldados regulares haviam também policiais, rapazes da Juventude Hitlerista e civis das Volkssturm, num total aproximado de 40 mil "combatentes". https://www.facebook.com/hojenasegundaguerramundial 12 http://hojenasegundaguerramundial.com/ Hoje na Segunda Guerra Mundial Figura 16 Fotografia tirada em Berlim logo após o fim da batalha. Weidling dividiu a cidade em 8 setores designados de "A" à "H", cada um deles comandado por um coronel ou general, mas muitos deles não tinham experiência de combate.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • American Intelligence and the Question of Hitler's Death
    American Intelligence and the Question of Hitler’s Death Undergraduate Research Thesis Presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for graduation with honors research distinction in History in the Undergraduate colleges of The Ohio State University by Kelsey Mullen The Ohio State University November 2014 Project Advisor: Professor Alice Conklin, Department of History Project Mentor: Doctoral Candidate Sarah K. Douglas, Department of History American Intelligence and the Question of Hitler’s Death 2 Introduction The fall of Berlin marked the end of the European theatre of the Second World War. The Red Army ravaged the city and laid much of it to waste in the early days of May 1945. A large portion of Hitler’s inner circle, including the Führer himself, had been holed up in the Führerbunker underneath the old Reich Chancellery garden since January of 1945. Many top Nazi Party officials fled or attempted to flee the city ruins in the final moments before their destruction at the Russians’ hands. When the dust settled, the German army’s capitulation was complete. There were many unanswered questions for the Allies of World War II following the Nazi surrender. Invading Russian troops, despite recovering Hitler’s body, failed to disclose this fact to their Allies when the battle ended. In September of 1945, Dick White, the head of counter intelligence in the British zone of occupation, assigned a young scholar named Hugh Trevor- Roper to conduct an investigation into Hitler’s last days in order to refute the idea the Russians promoted and perpetuated that the Führer had escaped.1 Major Trevor-Roper began his investigation on September 18, 1945 and presented his conclusions to the international press on November 1, 1945.
    [Show full text]
  • A War of Reputation and Pride
    A War of reputation and pride - An examination of the memoirs of German generals after the Second World War. HIS 4090 Peter Jørgen Sager Fosse Department of Archaeology, Conservation and History University of Oslo Spring 2019 1 “For the great enemy of truth is very often not the lie -- deliberate, contrived and dishonest -- but the myth -- persistent, persuasive, and unrealistic.” – John F. Kennedy, 19621 1John F. Kennedy, Yale University Commencement Address, https://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/jfkyalecommencement.htm, [01.05.2019]. 2 Acknowledgments This master would not have been written without the help and support of my mother, father, friends and my better half, thank you all for your support. I would like to thank the University Library of Oslo and the British Library in London for providing me with abundant books and articles. I also want to give huge thanks to the Military Archive in Freiburg and their employees, who helped me find the relevant materials for this master. Finally, I would like to thank my supervisor at the University of Oslo, Professor Kim Christian Priemel, who has guided me through the entire writing process from Autumn 2017. Peter Jørgen Sager Fosse, Oslo, 01.05.2019 3 Contents: Introduction………………………………………………………………………...………... 7 Chapter 1, Theory and background………………………………………………..………17 1.1 German Military Tactics…………………………………………………..………. 17 1.1.1 Blitzkrieg, Kesselschlacht and Schwerpunkt…………………………………..……. 17 1.1.2 Examples from early campaigns……………………………………………..……… 20 1.2 The German attack on the USSR (1941)……………………………..…………… 24 1.2.1 ‘Vernichtungskrieg’, war of annihilation………………………………...………….. 24 1.2.2 Operation Barbarossa………………………………………………..……………… 28 1.2.3 Operation Typhoon…………………………………………………..………………. 35 1.2.4 The strategic situation, December 1941…………………………….……………….
    [Show full text]
  • Als Am 21. April 1945 Verbände Der Sowjetischen 5. Stoß-Armee Unter
    Die aktuelle Karte: „Schlacht um Berlin, 26. April bis 2. Mai 1945“ Als am 21. April 1945 Verbände der sowjetischen 5. Stoß-Armee unter Nikolai Bersarin bei Marzahn die Außenbezirke von Berlin erreichten, begann damit der Kampf um die Reichshauptstadt. An diesem Tag verließ auch ein Großteil der NS- Granden wie Heinrich Himmler oder Hermann Göring die Stadt. Hitler, der tags zuvor noch Geburtstag gefeiert hatte, verblieb hingegen in Berlin und wollte seinen eigenen Untergang inszenieren. Hier – so glaubte er – könne er einen „moralischen Sieg“ vor der Weltöffentlichkeit erringen. Sein getreuer Propagandaminister Joseph Goebbels pflichtete ihm bei und meinte, „in fünf Jahren“ sei der „Führer eine legendäre Persönlichkeit und der Nationalsozialismus ein Mythos“. Mit der Realität hatten derlei Gedankengänge im „Führerbunker“ unter der Reichskanzlei freilich nichts mehr zu tun. Zur Verteidigung der Reichshauptstadt konnten die Deutschen noch etwa 140.000 Mann aufbieten, vielfach Volkssturm. Etwa ein Viertel der Soldaten war nicht einmal bewaffnet. Die angreifende Rote Armee hingegen zählte über 450.000 Mann und war an Material drückend überlegen. In zehn Tagen gelang es den Verbänden von Schukows 1. Weißrussischer Front sowie von Konews 1. Ukrainischen Front den deutschen Verteidigern Straße um Straße sowie Häuserblock um Häuserblock zu entreißen. Schukow befahl dabei seinen Truppen, die eigentliche Grenze zu Konews Front im Bereich der Yorckstraße zu überschreiten. Damit war klar, dass einzig er auf das Stadtzentrum vorstoßen und somit als der Sieger von Berlin gelten sollte. Am Nachmittag des 30. April beging Hitler mit seiner kurz zuvor angetrauten Ehefrau Eva Selbstmord; am Tag darauf tat es ihm Goebbels mit seiner Familie gleich.
    [Show full text]
  • Hitlers Hofstaat Der Innere Kreis Im Dritten Reich Und Danach
    Unverkäufliche Leseprobe Heike B. Görtemaker Hitlers Hofstaat Der innere Kreis im Dritten Reich und danach 2019 528 S., mit 62 Abbildungen ISBN 978-3-406-73527-1 Weitere Informationen finden Sie hier: https://www.chbeck.de/26572343 © Verlag C.H.Beck oHG, München Heike B. Görtemaker Hitlers Hofstaat Der innere Kreis im Dritten Reich und danach C.H.Beck Mit 62 Abbildungen © Verlag C.H.Beck oHG, München 2019 Umschlaggestaltung: Kunst oder Reklame, München Umschlagabbildung: Berghof 1935, Hitler und seine Entourage beobachten Kunstfl ieger © Paul Popper / Getty Images Satz: Janß GmbH, Pfungstadt Druck und Bindung: CPI – Ebner & Spiegel, Ulm Gedruckt auf säurefreiem, alterungsbeständigem Papier (hergestellt aus chlorfrei gebleichtem Zellstoff ) Printed in Germany ISBN 978 3 406 73527 1 www.chbeck.de Inhalt Inhalt Einleitung 9 Erster Teil Hitlers Kreis 1. Untergang und Flucht 18 Im Bunker der Reichskanzlei 18 – Absetzbewegungen und Verrat 22 – Zufl uchtsort Berghof 26 – Ende in Berlin 32 2. Die Formierung des Kreises 36 Die Münchner Clique 37 – Ernst Röhm 42 – Hermann Esser und Dietrich Eckart 44 – Alfred Rosenberg 49 – Leibwächter 50 – «Kampfzeit» 53 – Hermann Göring und Wilhelm Brückner 56 – Vorbild Mussolini 59 – Ernst Hanfstaengl 63 – Heinrich Hoff mann 64 – «Stoßtrupp Hitler» 67 – Bayreuth 71 – Putsch 75 – Landsberg 79 – Neuorientierung 83 – Wiedergründung der NSDAP 88 – Joseph Goebbels 93 3. Machtübernahme 97 Aufstieg 98 – Unsicherheit und Beklemmungen 100 – Geli Raubal: Romanze mit dem Onkel 102 – Rekrutierung bewährter Kräfte 108 – Otto Dietrich 112 – Magda Goeb- bels 115 – Das Superwahljahr 1932 122 – Ernüchterung nach der «Machtergreifung» 128 – Blutsommer 1934 133 – Lüdecke auf der Flucht 137 – Hinrichtungen 142 – Recht- fertigungsversuche 148 Zweiter Teil Die Berghof-Gesellschaft 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Fabricating the Death of Adolf Hitler Part 1
    Introduction: Debunking the bunker legend any people are broadly familiar with the official narrative of Adolf Hitler's "last days", which was revisited on our cinema screens only recently in the form of the German film Do w n f a l l (Der Untergang, 2004). What they do not know is Mthat the official narrative is a political fiction—and that the revulsion it inspires is the result of deliberate planning. The little that most As the war reached its dreadful conclusion, Churchill and the British government set out to ensure that history never repeated itself—that there would be no resurgence of German of us think we know nationalism—by dictating how history would view the ultra-nationalistic Third Reich down to the very last detail. The narrative was to be so unedifying as to permanently tarnish the about the regime's prestige in the eyes of even its most ardent supporters. At no stage was historical truth a consideration. Neither the British nor the Americans showed genuine interest in circumstances of Hitler's fate. Their on l y interest lay in assigning to the movement's leader the most ignoble exit from the historical stage as possible. In this sense, the consignment of Hitler's charred Hitler's demise corpse to a rubbish-strewn bomb crater functioned as a metaphor for the consignment of the comes to us Hitler regime itself to the dustbin of history. In the foreword to Hitler's Death (2005), an anthology of documents from the Russian courtesy of British state archives designed to buttress the official narrative of the German leader's fate, historian Andrew Roberts avers: "Part of the reason why Germany has been such a successful, MI6 agent Hugh pacific, liberal democracy for the past sixty years is precisely because of the way that Hitler met his end in the manner described in mesmerising detail in this book.
    [Show full text]
  • HITLERS HÖLLENFAHRT Das Ende Im Bunker Und Die Lange Reise Des Leichnams / Teil II CHALDEJ / VOLLER ERNST Sowjetfahne Auf Dem Reichstag Am 2
    SERIE HITLERS HÖLLENFAHRT Das Ende im Bunker und die lange Reise des Leichnams / Teil II CHALDEJ / VOLLER ERNST Sowjetfahne auf dem Reichstag am 2. Mai 1945: „Zusammen mit den Deutschen wären wir unbesiegbar gewesen“ n der Nacht vom 27. auf den 28. April sagt: „Jetzt bin ich wer, jetzt bin ich Roten Kreuzes, Folke Graf Berna- 1945 breitet sich im Bunker das Ver- die Schwägerin von Fegelein!“ dotte. Ilangen nach einem Massenselbstmord Hitler läßt den möglichen Schwipp- Davon erfährt Hitler erst am nächsten aus. Vorher möchte der Chef, dessent- schwager vom Personenschützer Peter Tag, dem 28. April, aus einer Meldung wegen jeden Tag noch Tausende ihr Le- Högl im umkämpften Charlottenburg des Stockholmer Rundfunks. Die Bun- ben lassen müssen, einen Mord an ei- aufspüren, in der bereits vom Feind er- kerbewohner schreien auf, allesamt wei- nem seiner Paladine begehen. oberten Bleibtreustraße 4. nen sie und jammern. Dann wird auch Vielleicht weiß er auch, was seine Se- Fegelein, in Zivil, hat einen Koffer noch bekannt, daß der von Hitler ge- kretärin Christa Schroeder über seine mit 105 725 Reichsmark und Schweizer schätzte SS-General Karl Wolff – Fege- Freundin Eva Braun und den SS-Grup- Franken bei sich, dazu Unterlagen leins Vorgänger als Himmlers Verbin- penführer Hermann Fegelein weiß: über die Gespräche, die sein Chef dungsmann zu Hitler – an der Italien- Dem ist „ihr Herz zugetan“. Zu ihrer Heinrich Himmler seit einem Jahr mit front mit den Amerikanern einen Waf- Freundin Marion Schönmann hat Eva dem Feind im Westen angebahnt hat. fenstillstand ausgehandelt hat. im Jahr zuvor gesagt: „Wenn ich Fege- Im Mai 1944 suchte der höchste Hen- Dazu noch die Befehlsverweigerung lein zehn Jahre früher kennengelernt ker Kontakt ausgerechnet zum „Welt- des SS-Generals Felix Steiner: Hitler hätte, würde ich den Chef gebeten ha- judentum“, er bot als Tauschobjekt die fühlt sich nun auch von seinen SS-Jani- ben, mich freizugeben.“ 750 000 Juden Ungarns – über die tscharen verraten.
    [Show full text]
  • The 12Th SS Panzer Division “Hitlerjugend”
    The 12th SS Panzer Division “Hitlerjugend” The 12th SS Panzer Division “Hitlerjugend” By Adrian Dragoș Defta The 12th SS Panzer Division “Hitlerjugend” By Adrian Dragoș Defta This book first published 2021 Cambridge Scholars Publishing Lady Stephenson Library, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE6 2PA, UK British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Copyright © 2021 by Adrian Dragoș Defta All rights for this book reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. ISBN (10): 1-5275-7090-8 ISBN (13): 978-1-5275-7090-0 In loving memory of the most special ladies of my life: my Grandmother Elisabeta and my Mother Elena. TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................ x CHAPTER I ................................................................................................... 1 THE SUBJECT MATTER OF THE STUDY 1.1 Introduction ..................................................................................... 1 1.2 Literature Review: The 12th SS Panzer Division “Hitlerjugend” in Contemporary Historiography ..................................................... 6 1.3 Methodology ................................................................................. 20 1.4 Resources Used for Research .......................................................
    [Show full text]
  • DER SPIEGEL Jahrgang 2002 Heft 12
    Werbeseite Werbeseite DAS DEUTSCHE NACHRICHTEN-MAGAZIN Hausmitteilung 18. März 2002 Betr.: Bush-Krieger, Irak, SPIEGEL special ie Bush-Krieger Dfühlten sich ge- troffen. Das SPIE- GEL-Titelbild 8/2002 von Illustrator Jean- Pierre Kunkel, das George W. Bush, 55, und seine Mannschaft als muskelbepackte / AP DOUG MILLS Rambos im „Feldzug Rumsfeld, Powell, Bush, Cheney, General Shelton, Rice gegen das Böse“ zeig- te, gefiel dem Texaner ganz außerordentlich. „Der Präsident war geschmeichelt, mit einem solchen Körper abgebildet zu werden“, berichtete US-Botschafter Dan Coats, 58, vergangene Woche bei einem Besuch im Hauptstadtbüro des SPIEGEL. Die Ber- liner US-Vertretung orderte 33 großformatige SPIEGEL-Werbe- plakate mit den „Bush-Kriegern“ für das Weiße Haus. Auch die anderen Mitkämpfer, Außenminister Colin Powell, Ver- teidigungsminister Donald Rumsfeld, Vizepräsident Richard Cheney und Sicherheitsberaterin Condoleezza Rice, wünschten sich ein Poster. Dass Bush und seine Getreuen sich die kritische Linie der dazugehörigen Titelgeschichte („Rambo hat wieder Ausgang“) zu Herzen nehmen, scheint zweifelhaft. Die kämpfe- rische Botschaft des Bildes sei doch positiv, scherzte Coats: „Leg dich nicht mit Texanern an!“ Titel 8/2002 in mutmaßliches Ziel der Bush-Krieger, den Irak, nahmen ver- Egangene Woche die SPIEGEL-Redakteure Volkhard Windfuhr, 65, und Bernhard Zand, 34, in Augenschein. Im „Reich des Bösen“ herrscht ungewohnte Lässigkeit. Mit mehr als 170 Stundenkilome- tern jagte der einheimische Fahrer das Auto, in dem die beiden Nah- ost-Korrespondenten saßen, über den Autobahnring von Bagdad. „Früher war Raserei am Tigris ein Schwerverbrechen“, sagt Wind- fuhr, der den Irak seit 30 Jahren bereist. Die SPIEGEL-Leute sa- AYMAN BARAIZ AYMAN hen in der Hauptstadt den üppigen Luxus der irakischen Upper- Windfuhr, Zand class, die vom Schwarzhandel mit Öl über die türkische Grenze pro- fitiert.
    [Show full text]
  • Read Book Nazi Germany 1St Edition Ebook
    NAZI GERMANY 1ST EDITION PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Jane Caplan | 9780199276875 | | | | | Nazi Germany 1st edition PDF Book Bookmark, search, and highlight our PDF-style e-books. By the early s, this other use of the Iron Cross had spread from bikers to skateboarders and many extreme sports enthusiasts and became part of the logo of several different clothing companies. In the s he introduced old age pensions, accident insurance, medical care, and unemployment insurance that formed the basis of the modern European welfare state. The Salian emperors reigned — retained the stem duchies as the major divisions of Germany, but they became increasingly obsolete during the early high-medieval period under the Hohenstaufen , and Frederick Barbarossa finally abolished them in in favour of more numerous territorial duchies. Accept More info. Wilhelm's increasingly erratic and reckless conduct was unmistakably related to character deficits and the lack of diplomatic skills. See s German inflation. However, German unification in stimulated consolidation, nationalisation into state-owned companies, and further rapid growth. EK I , with repetition Young intellectuals often turned to politics, but their support for the failed revolution of forced many into exile. And when they came to Europe they saw something very different from Stalinist Russia The strong garrison of the Zoo flak tower left the building. However, in terms of social inequality, it can be assumed that it did not change the relative levels of income. During his reign from to , Maximilian I tried to reform the empire. This Land Customs Clamshell Dress Bayonet might be one of the rarest of the dress bayonets, and is often times mistaken for a Police Bayonet.
    [Show full text]
  • Battle of Seelow Heights - Prelude to Berlin Setup Order
    Battle of Seelow Heights - Prelude to Berlin Setup order 1 x8 2 x19 3 x4 4 x10 5 x15 6 x7 7 x3 Zuikov's Command 8 x2 Post 9 x11 Historical Background The Battle of the Seelow Heights (German: Schlacht um die Seelower Höhen) was part of the Seelow-Berlin Offensive 10 x2 Operation (16 April-2 May 1945). A pitched battle, it was one of the last assaults on large entrenched defensive positions of the Second World War. It was fought over three days, from 16?19 April 1945. Close to one million Soviet soldiers of the 1st Belorussian Front (including 78,556 soldiers of the Polish 1st Army), commanded by Marshal Georgi Zhukov, attacked the position known as the "Gates of Berlin". They were opposed by about 110,000 soldiers of the German 9th Army,[4] commanded by General Theodor Busse, as part of the Army Group Vistula. This battle is often incorporated into the Battle of the Oder-Neisse. The Seelow Heights was where some of the most bitter fighting in the overall battle took place, but it was only one of several crossing points along the Oder and Neisse rivers where the Soviets attacked. The Battle of the Oder-Neisse was itself only the opening phase of the Battle of Berlin. The result was the encirclement of the German 9th Army and the Battle of Halbe. attack with a range of 2-4-3-1. In addition, they *MUST Briefing STOP* when entering hills or trenches, and recieve a -1 Germany: 9 Cards. die penalty when moving.
    [Show full text]
  • Military Despatches Vol 43, Jan 2021
    Military Despatches Vol 43 January 2021 Not a military genius Ten of Hitler’s biggest mistakes Feared and respected Three World War II British legends You are what you eat Military ration packs from around the world Operation Babylon Iraq’s nuclear reactor - now you see it, now you don’t For the military enthusiast CONTENTS January 2021 Page 12 Click on any video below to view How much do you know about movie theme songs? Take our quiz and find out. Hipe’s Wouter de The old South African Goede interviews former Defence Force used 28’s gang boss David a mixture of English, Williams. Afrikaans, slang and techno-speak that few Special Forces - Irish Special Forces outside the military could hope to under- 32 stand. Some of the terms Features were humorous, some You want how much? were clever, while others 6 When pirates kidnapped Julius were downright crude. Ten of Hitler’s biggest mis- Caesar he laughed at their ran- som demands and told them to takes ask for a lot more. We look at 10 reasons why Hit- Part of Hipe’s “On the ler was not a military genius. 34 couch” series, this is an 18 Survival interview with one of We take a look a making fire. Sign of the times author Herman Charles 37 Helmet graffiti during the Viet- Bosman’s most famous nam War. Ranks characters, Oom Schalk 20 Ranks of the Irish Defence Forc- Lourens. es. A taxi driver was shot Hipe spent time in The perils of being a German Hanover Park, an area 28 dead in an ongoing General Quiz war between rival taxi plagued with gang Being one of Hitler’s general Surviving the Arctic convoys organisations.
    [Show full text]
  • Amboy Guardian April 15
    April 15, 2020 * The Amboy Guardian .1 * WWW.AMBOYGUARDIAN.COM * Next Issue May 6, 2020 • VOL. 10 NO. 2 • 732-896-4446 • P.O. BOX 127 • PERTH AMBOY • NJ • 08862 • WEDNESDAY, APRIL 15, 2020 • Appreciation for our Healthcare Workers, Coronavirus Causes Disagreement Perth Amboy 4/9/20 *Photos by Paul W. Wang Regarding City Events 3/30/20 Caucus & Council Meeting via Phone Conference By: Carolyn Maxwell and nizations will have to decide cember 31, 2022. “What is the Katherine Massopust whether or not they will post- cost to the city?” PERTH AMBOY – The Caucus pone the festivals.” Carr responded, “$3,157.08 and Council Meetings originally Petrick said, “Since it’s only It’s $300,000 total and there are scheduled for March 23rd and four of us here to vote (Council- steps in salary ranges across the 25th were rescheduled to March woman Milady Tejeda was not board.” He also went back to let 30th due to technical difficulties. available in person or via tele- the council know for Ordinance The issues were worked out and conferencing due to work re- No. 3 the increase should be both meetings were held back- lated obligations), then it’s a 2-2 $97,000.” to-back. They could be viewed tie. This will cause the postpon- Councilman Irizarry conclud- and/or heard through the Zoom ing of a decision and the resolu- ed by thanking Mr. Carr and his App or through regular tele- tions have to be tabled.” team for a good job to settle this phone. Irizarry had a question re- (Ordinance No.
    [Show full text]