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Genus Vicia with Notes About Tribe Vicieae (Fabaceae) in Mexico and Central America

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Genus Vicia with Notes About Tribe Vicieae (Fabaceae) in Mexico and Central America TB 1601/12/79 iàiàiM I A^nie GENUS VICIA WITH NOTES ABOUT TRIBE VICIEAE (FABACEAE) IN MEXICO AND CENTRAL AMERICA m,: CO: ^^:-- . i ^1 as- /^^ UNITED STATES TECHNICAL PREPARED BY ((iàM DEPARTMENT OF BULLETIN SCIENCE AND ^SF AGRICULTURE NUMBER 1601 EDUCATION ADMINISTRATION ABSTRACT Gunn, Charles E. 1979. Genus Vicia with notes about tribe Vicieae (Fabaceae) in Mexico and Central America. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Technical Bulletin No. 1601,41 pp. Ten native and naturalized species and two native subspecies of Vicia in Mexico and Central America are keyed, described, discussed, and illustrated. Two new subspecies are named. All genera in the tribe Vicieae are keyed and discussed. KEYWOKDS : Lathyrus^ Lens^ Pisvm, Vicia, Vicieae, Mexico, Central Amer- ica, Guatemala, Fabaceae, Leguminosae. GENUS VICIA WITH NOTES ABOUT TRIBE VICIEAE (FABACEAE) IN MEXICO AND CENTRAL AMERICA by CHARLES R. GUNN /^^ UNITED STATES TECHNICAL PREPARED BY ààM DEPARTMENT OF BULLETIN SCIENCE AND ^F ACRirULTURE NUMBER 1601 EDUCATION '^'-"^^^ ADMINISTRATION For sale by the Superintendent oí Documents, U.S. Ooverament Printing OfBce Wasliington, D.C. 20402 Stock Number 001-000-04034-1 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I appreciate the courtesy of the curators in extending the duration of the herbarium loans so that this bulletin could be completed. The discussion of Vicia setifolia was enhanced by the loan of a flower from the type and the notes of Alicia Lourteig, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle Laboratoire de Phanerogamic, Paris, France. I am grateful for the technical advice of Frances Kupicha, Botany Department, British Museum (Natural History), London, England; Stuart Lassetter, Biology Department, Eastern Kentucky Univer- sity, Richmond ; and John Wurdack, Botany Department, Smithsonian Insti- tution, Washington, D.C. The illustrations of Vicia species were prepared by Regina O. Hughes, Botany Department, Smithsonian Institution. CONTENTS Page Tribe Vicieae 1 Key to Vicieae genera ^ Lathyrus Linnaeus ^ Lens P. Miller ^ Pisum Linnaeus ^ Vicia Linnaeus ^ Key to Vicia species ^ Descriptions of Vicia species 6 1. Vida villosa Roth (subgenus Vicilla, section Cracca) 6 2. Vicia hirsuta (Linnaeus) S. F. Gray (subgenus Vicilla^ section Cracca) ^ 3. Vicia hmnilis Humboldt, Bonpland, Kunth (subgenus Vicilla^ section Cracca) 1^ 4. Vicia hassei S. Watson (subgenus Vicilla^ section Cracca) 12 5. Vicia Ivdovidana Nuttall subspecies ludoviciana (subgenus Vicilla^ section Cracca) 14 6. Vicia pulchella Humboldt, Bonpland, Kunth subspecies pul- chella (subgenus Vicilla^ section Cracca) 1Î 7. Vicia jmlchella Humboldt, Bonpland, Kunth subspecies mexi- cana (Hemsley) C. R. Gunn (subgenus Vimlla^ section Cracca) 1^ 8. Vicia americana Muhlenberg ex Willdenow subspecies ameri- camu ( subgenus Vicilla^ section A mericanae ) 21 9. Vicia americana Muhlenberg ex Willdenow subspecies mexicana C. R. Gunn (subgenus VicUIa^ section Americanae) 25 10. Vima leucophaea Greene (subgenus ViciXla^ section Medio- cinctae) 26 11. Vicia sativa Linnaeus (subgenus Vicia^ section Vicia) 28 12. Vicia jaba Linnaeus (subgenus Vicia^ section F aha) 32 Excluded species ^^ Literature cited ^^ Issued December 1979 GENUS VICIA WITH NOTES ABOUT TRIBE VICIEAE (FABACEAE) IN MEXICO AND CENTRAL AMERICA By Charles R. Guirn ' Vicia species (vetches) are economically im- CandoUe. This bulletin on Mexican and Central pedant temperate zone crops used for forage hay, American taxa in the genus Vicia expands and green manure, seeds, and soil improvement. These . species and such essential human seed-food crops Partially updates Agriculture Handbook 168, as Lens cidinajis Medikus and Pisvm sativwm which treats the vetches of the United States Linnaeus are in the tribe Vicieae (Adanson) de (Hermann, 1960) .= TRIBE VICIEAE The relationship of the genus Vida to the three lary filament free to rather connate with others other genera (Z«í%riís,Ze«^, and Pwîîm)Mn the into an adaxially split sheath, filament apices tribe Vicieae has been discussed (Hutchinson, linear, anthers uniform and versatile, style hairy 196^; Gunn, 1969; Gunn and Kluve, 1976; to glabrous, ovules 2 or more, legumes 2-valved, Kupicha, 1^5; Radzhi, 1971). Oicer has been re- seeds often spherical to subspherical to lenticular moved from the Vicieae and placed in its own tribe with funiculus expanded above hilum, germina- Cicereae (Kupicha, 1977). Hutchinson also has tion usually hypogeal, most seedlings triarch, first adequately described all five genera. leaves cataphylls (trifid scales), n = 7, 6, 5. Type Viciea« is a natural tribe. Its taxa usually ex- genus Vicia. hibit these characters: Low or clhnbing (not The generic key is designed to quickly inform twining) herbs, stipules usually well developed, the user as to whether an unknown is a Vicia leaves often paripinnate (rarely imparipinnate or species or a member of another genus of the tribe. reduced to phyllodes in Lathyrm species) with A key to the Vicia species is included with the rachis terminating in a tendril or bristle, stipels genus discussion. The genera are presented alpha- absent, ñowers raxîemose or solitary in leaf axils, betically, and 10 Vicia species .are given according corolla papilionaceous, standard usually glabrous to the phylogeny of Kupicha {1976). or rarely pubescent (F. aruitolica TxxmW, V. Measurements with one number without a range hyirida Linnaeus, V. pannonica Crantz), vexil- should be considered as averages. KEY TO VICIEAE GENERA 1. Abaslal surface of style pubescent or hairs encircling style or style glabrous (fig. 1) y.^^ 1. Adaxial surface of style pubescent. 2. Stipules as large as or larger than leaflets ; style grooved (easily seen at base of style) p^^^ 2. Stipules much smaller than leaflets ; style not grooved. 3. Flowers less than 10 mm long ; androecial sheath apex oblique Lens 3. Flowers more than 10 mm long (for North American species) ; androecial sheath apex truncate (for Mexican species) Lathyrus * Botanist, Plant Taxonomy Laboratory, Beltsville Agri- ture Cited, p 35 cultural Research Center,.Beltsville. Md. 20705. = Kupicha (pers. commun.) recognizes a fourth genus, me year in italic after authors' names refers to Litera- Vavllovia A. Fedorov. 1 TECHNICAL BULLETIN 1601, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE LATHYRUS LINNAEUS Lathyrus Linnaeus, Sp. PL : 729. 1753 et Gen. PL ed. 5 : tingitanu^ Linnaeus (including L. mexicanus 326. 1754. LECTOTYPE: L. sylvestris Linnaeus Schlechtendal) (Mexico). (vide Britton et Brown, 111. FI. N. U.S. and Can. ed. 2, Two species, L, longipes and Z. parvifoUus^ are 2: 412. 1913). About 150 species. endemic only to Mexico. Their status is open to question because they are morphologically similar The most recent North American Lathyrus to each other and to L. ari^onicus Britton, Z. monograph has Mexican distribution maps for six graminifolius^ and L. pauciflorm Femald. The native species (Hitchcock, 1952), Two cultivated type of Z. longipes is not significantly different and now naturalized species, named by Linnaeus, from many collections of Z. parvifoUus^ according also have been collected in Mexico. The following to Hitchcock. However, other collections are suf- ficiently different to merit specific recognition. species occur in Mexico and all except ,L, odoratus Lathyrus longipes and Z. parvifoUus may be sep- are illustrated in Hitchcock : L. eucosmus Butters arated from Z. paucifiorus by their range and such & St. John (Sonora), i. graminifolius (S. Wat- minor characters as leaflet and flower length, num- son) White (Sonora and Chihuahua), i. Ueti- ber of flowers per raceme, and length of calyx fiorus Greene subsp. alefeUii (White) Jepson teeth. (northern Baja California), L, longipes White Lathyrus is not native to Central America, and (Chihuahua and Nuevo León), Z. odoratus no native Mexican species have been collected Linnaeus (Michoacán, Puebla, and Chiapas), ,L. south of the northern Oaxaca border. I have seen parvifoUus S. Watson (from Sinaloa west to no herbarium sheets of naturalized or introduced Tamaulipas and south to Oaxaca), L. splendens Lathyrus species from Central America. There are Kellogg (northern Baja California), and L. endemic Lathyrus species in South America. LENS P. MILLER tens P. Miller, Gard. Diet. Abridg. ed. 4. 1754, nom, cons. America, this species is cultivated in both regions. [non Lens Linnaeus, Herb. Amboin. 18. 1754 et in Westphal (197i, pp, 109-llJf, fig. 10) presents a Amoen. Acad. 4:128 et 134. 1759, nom. invalid., at- lucid discussion and an excellent illustration of tributed in Kew Index to Stickman]. LECTO- Z. culinaris. Its flowers are self-pollinating and the TYPE : L. culinaris Medikus, Tories. Churpf. Phys. Ges. 2:361. 1787 (Ervum lens Linnaeus, Sp. PL : plants produce many seeds. Like other self-pol- 738. 1753). Five species. linating seed crops, this species has many races based on seed, pod, and plant characters as well Although I have not seen an herbarium sheet of as geography. For example, Barulina {1930) rec- L, culinaris (lentil) from either Mexico or Central ognized 58 varieties, now regarded as races. PISUM LINNAEUS Pisum Linnaeus, Sp. PI.: 727. 1753 et Gen. PI. ed. 5: naeus (chickpea), which is now in the monogeneric 324. 1754. LECTOTYPE: P. sativum Linnaeus tribe Cicereae, and Lens culinaris, it is a self- {vide Alefeld in Bonplandia 9: 126. 1861). Five pollinating seed crop. Its seed characters have been species. used to erect lower taxa. Cultivar names are more widely used in this species than in the other two Pisum sativum (pea) is cultivated in Mexico species. Excellent
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