12-Month Finding on a Petition to Delist Cirsium Vinaceum
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Comparative Analysis and Implications of the Chloroplast Genomes of Three Thistles (Carduus L., Asteraceae)
Comparative analysis and implications of the chloroplast genomes of three thistles (Carduus L., Asteraceae) Joonhyung Jung1,*, Hoang Dang Khoa Do1,2,*, JongYoung Hyun1, Changkyun Kim1 and Joo-Hwan Kim1 1 Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, Korea 2 Nguyen Tat Thanh Hi-Tech Institute, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam * These authors contributed equally to this work. ABSTRACT Background. Carduus, commonly known as plumeless thistles, is a genus in the Asteraceae family that exhibits both medicinal value and invasive tendencies. However, the genomic data of Carduus (i.e., complete chloroplast genomes) have not been sequenced. Methods. We sequenced and assembled the chloroplast genome (cpDNA) sequences of three Carduus species using the Illumina Miseq sequencing system and Geneious Prime. Phylogenetic relationships between Carduus and related taxa were reconstructed using Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference analyses. In addition, we used a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the protein coding region of the matK gene to develop molecular markers to distinguish C. crispus from C. acanthoides and C. tenuiflorus. Results. The cpDNA sequences of C. crispus, C. acanthoides, and C. tenuiflorus ranged from 152,342 bp to 152,617 bp in length. Comparative genomic analysis revealed high conservation in terms of gene content (including 80 protein-coding, 30 tRNA, and four rRNA genes) and gene order within the three focal species and members of subfamily Carduoideae. Despite their high similarity, the three species differed with respect to the number and content of repeats in the chloroplast genome. Additionally, eight Submitted 28 February 2020 hotspot regions, including psbI-trnS_GCU, trnE_UUC-rpoB, trnR_UCU-trnG_UCC, Accepted 11 December 2020 Published 14 January 2021 psbC-trnS_UGA, trnT_UGU-trnL_UAA, psbT-psbN, petD-rpoA, and rpl16-rps3, were identified in the study species. -
Thistles of Colorado
Thistles of Colorado About This Guide Identification and Management Guide Many individuals, organizations and agencies from throughout the state (acknowledgements on inside back cover) contributed ideas, content, photos, plant descriptions, management information and printing support toward the completion of this guide. Mountain thistle (Cirsium scopulorum) growing above timberline Casey Cisneros, Tim D’Amato and the Larimer County Department of Natural Resources Weed District collected, compiled and edited information, content and photos for this guide. Produced by the We welcome your comments, corrections, suggestions, and high Larimer County quality photos. If you would like to contribute to future editions, please contact the Larimer County Weed District at 970-498- Weed District 5769 or email [email protected] or [email protected]. Front cover photo of Cirsium eatonii var. hesperium by Janis Huggins Partners in Land Stewardship 2nd Edition 1 2 Table of Contents Introduction 4 Introduction Native Thistles (Pages 6-20) Barneyby’s Thistle (Cirsium barnebyi) 6 Cainville Thistle (Cirsium clacareum) 6 Native thistles are dispersed broadly Eaton’s Thistle (Cirsium eatonii) 8 across many Colorado ecosystems. Individual species occupy niches from Elk or Meadow Thistle (Cirsium scariosum) 8 3,500 feet to above timberline. These Flodman’s Thistle (Cirsium flodmanii) 10 plants are valuable to pollinators, seed Fringed or Fish Lake Thistle (Cirsium 10 feeders, browsing wildlife and to the centaureae or C. clavatum var. beauty and diversity of our native plant americanum) communities. Some non-native species Mountain Thistle (Cirsium scopulorum) 12 have become an invasive threat to New Mexico Thistle (Cirsium 12 agriculture and natural areas. For this reason, native and non-native thistles neomexicanum) alike are often pulled, mowed, clipped or Ousterhout’s or Aspen Thistle (Cirsium 14 sprayed indiscriminately. -
Morphology, Taxonomy, and Biology of Larval Scarabaeoidea
Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2011 with funding from University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign http://www.archive.org/details/morphologytaxono12haye ' / ILLINOIS BIOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS Volume XII PUBLISHED BY THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS *, URBANA, ILLINOIS I EDITORIAL COMMITTEE John Theodore Buchholz Fred Wilbur Tanner Charles Zeleny, Chairman S70.S~ XLL '• / IL cop TABLE OF CONTENTS Nos. Pages 1. Morphological Studies of the Genus Cercospora. By Wilhelm Gerhard Solheim 1 2. Morphology, Taxonomy, and Biology of Larval Scarabaeoidea. By William Patrick Hayes 85 3. Sawflies of the Sub-family Dolerinae of America North of Mexico. By Herbert H. Ross 205 4. A Study of Fresh-water Plankton Communities. By Samuel Eddy 321 LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS ILLINOIS BIOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS Vol. XII April, 1929 No. 2 Editorial Committee Stephen Alfred Forbes Fred Wilbur Tanner Henry Baldwin Ward Published by the University of Illinois under the auspices of the graduate school Distributed June 18. 1930 MORPHOLOGY, TAXONOMY, AND BIOLOGY OF LARVAL SCARABAEOIDEA WITH FIFTEEN PLATES BY WILLIAM PATRICK HAYES Associate Professor of Entomology in the University of Illinois Contribution No. 137 from the Entomological Laboratories of the University of Illinois . T U .V- TABLE OF CONTENTS 7 Introduction Q Economic importance Historical review 11 Taxonomic literature 12 Biological and ecological literature Materials and methods 1%i Acknowledgments Morphology ]* 1 ' The head and its appendages Antennae. 18 Clypeus and labrum ™ 22 EpipharynxEpipharyru Mandibles. Maxillae 37 Hypopharynx <w Labium 40 Thorax and abdomen 40 Segmentation « 41 Setation Radula 41 42 Legs £ Spiracles 43 Anal orifice 44 Organs of stridulation 47 Postembryonic development and biology of the Scarabaeidae Eggs f*' Oviposition preferences 48 Description and length of egg stage 48 Egg burster and hatching Larval development Molting 50 Postembryonic changes ^4 54 Food habits 58 Relative abundance. -
Dipsacus Fullonum L., WILD TEASEL, COMMON TEASEL, GYPSY COMB, FULLER’S TEASEL
Dipsacus fullonum L., WILD TEASEL, COMMON TEASEL, GYPSY COMB, FULLER’S TEASEL. Biennial herb, prickly and with spinescent inflorescence, thick-taprooted, rosetted year 1 and midpoint year 2, 1-stemmed at base, with paired, ascending lateral branches at nodes above midplant, erect, in range 100–250+ cm tall; shoots with basal leaves (year 1) and then year 2 basal leaves withered and with cauline leaves before flowering, prickly, the tan to whitish prickles broad-based, vertically arranged and compressed side-to-side, to 3 mm long, with ± straight tips, with minute, ephemeral glandular hairs on young growth. Stems: low-ridged aging cylindric, to 12+ mm diameter, tough, initially striped green and white but aging tan or pale brown, principal stem internodes 100−200 mm long, prickles radiating and vertically arranged, hairs sometime present at nodes = densely white-villous along margins of ridges or wings fusing leaves; hollow. Leaves: opposite decussate, simple, sessile with pair narrowly fused across node (connate-perfoliate), without stipules; blade of basal leaves oblong to oblanceolate, to 500 × 100 mm, of cauline leaves lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate or oblong-oblanceolate, in range to 300 × 7−40 mm, with tough midrib, broadly tapered at base, serrate to entire with or without widely spaced short prickles on margins, acuminate at tip, pinnately veined with white midrib conspicuously raised on lower surface also with prickles somewhat curved toward tip along a central ridge, on some blades midrib slightly sunken on upper surface, initially with minute glandular hairs becoming glabrate. Inflorescence: heads, dense spike on elongate receptacle, terminal and either solitary on long peduncle or in cymelike array with paired lateral shoots at each node having a terminal head, spinescent, heads at anthesis spheroid, initially 20−30 mm (including radiating spines) aging ovoid or narrowly ovoid to oblong- ovoid or ellipsoid, mostly 70–100 × 40–45 mm (including radiating spines), with 500+ helically alternate flowers (ca. -
Dipsacus Laciniatus L.) Common Teasel (Dipsacus Sylvestris Huds.
Vol. 1, No. 24. Rev. Approved 05/01/07 VEGETATION MANAGEMENT GUIDELINE Cut-leaved teasel (Dipsacus laciniatus L.) Common teasel (Dipsacus sylvestris Huds.) SPECIES CHARACTER DESCRIPTION Although usually described as a biennial, teasel is perhaps more appropriately described as a monocarpic (plant that bears fruit once and dies) perennial. The plant grows as a basal rosette for a minimum of one year (this rosette period frequently is longer) then sends up a tall flowering stalk and dies after flowering and seed production. The period of time in the rosette stage apparently varies depending on the amount of time needed to acquire enough resources for flowering to occur. During the rosette stage, leaves vary from somewhat ovoid in young plants to large and oblong leaves that are quite hairy in older rosettes. During the rosette phase teasel develops a large tap root. The tap root may be more than 2 feet (0.6 m) in length and 1 inch (2.5 cm) in diameter at the crown. Cut-leaved teasel blooms from July through September. Common teasel blooms from June through October. Flowering plants have large, oblong, opposite, sessile leaves that form cups (the cups may hold water) and are prickly, especially on the lower midrib. Stems also are prickly. Teasel's unique inflorescence makes the plant readily identifiable when blooming. Flowers are small and packed into dense oval heads. The heads (inflorescences) are subtended by upcurved bracts and are located terminally on the flowering stems. Cut-leaved teasel usually has white flowers, while common teasel usually has purple flowers. Flowering stems are hollow, have spines on the ridges along the entire length of the stems, and may reach 6-7 feet (1.8-2.1 meters) in height. -
Literature Cited
Literature Cited Robert W. Kiger, Editor This is a consolidated list of all works cited in volumes 19, 20, and 21, whether as selected references, in text, or in nomenclatural contexts. In citations of articles, both here and in the taxonomic treatments, and also in nomenclatural citations, the titles of serials are rendered in the forms recommended in G. D. R. Bridson and E. R. Smith (1991). When those forms are abbre- viated, as most are, cross references to the corresponding full serial titles are interpolated here alphabetically by abbreviated form. In nomenclatural citations (only), book titles are rendered in the abbreviated forms recommended in F. A. Stafleu and R. S. Cowan (1976–1988) and F. A. Stafleu and E. A. Mennega (1992+). Here, those abbreviated forms are indicated parenthetically following the full citations of the corresponding works, and cross references to the full citations are interpolated in the list alphabetically by abbreviated form. Two or more works published in the same year by the same author or group of coauthors will be distinguished uniquely and consistently throughout all volumes of Flora of North America by lower-case letters (b, c, d, ...) suffixed to the date for the second and subsequent works in the set. The suffixes are assigned in order of editorial encounter and do not reflect chronological sequence of publication. The first work by any particular author or group from any given year carries the implicit date suffix “a”; thus, the sequence of explicit suffixes begins with “b”. Works missing from any suffixed sequence here are ones cited elsewhere in the Flora that are not pertinent in these volumes. -
Classical Biological Control of Nodding and Plumeless Thistles
Biological Control 21, 206–213 (2001) doi:10.1006/bcon.2001.0940, available online at http://www.idealibrary.com on Classical Biological Control of Nodding and Plumeless Thistles L. T. Kok Department of Entomology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061-0319 Received March 15, 2001; accepted March 20, 2001; published online May 22, 2001 group. Both thistles are winter annuals or biennials. Nodding (musk) thistle (Carduus thoermeri Wein- Seeds produced in summer form rosettes which over- mann in the Carduus nutans L. group) and plumeless winter. The rosettes resume development in spring, thistle (Carduus acanthoides L.) are introduced nox- followed by stem elongation and flowering. Nodding ious weeds of Eurasian origin. Both weeds are prob- thistle was first recorded in 1853 at Harrisburg, Penn- lematic in pastures, rangelands, and croplands and sylvania (Stuckey and Forsyth, 1971) and has been along state highways in many parts of the United reported in 40 of the 48 contiguous states (Frick, 1978). States. The success of both species of thistles is largely Plumeless thistle first appeared in 1878 at Camden, due to their prolific seed production, seed longevity, New Jersey and in Ohio (Batra, 1978) and is found in competitive ability, and lack of natural enemies. Clas- sical biological control of nodding thistle in Virginia 19 states (Frick, 1978). The two thistle species often has been achieved with three exotic thistle herbivores, occupy the same habitats in the northeast, such as Rhinocyllus conicus Froelich (Coleoptera: Curculion- overgrazed pastures and disturbed roadsides, some- idae), Trichosirocalus horridus (Panzer) (Coleoptera: times occurring in mixed stands (Batra, 1978). -
Terrestrial Insects: a Hidden Biodiversity Crisis? 1
Chapter 7—Terrestrial Insects: A Hidden Biodiversity Crisis? 1 Chapter 7 Terrestrial Insects: A Hidden Biodiversity Crisis? C.H. Dietrich Illinois Natural History Survey OBJECTIVES Like most other elements of the biota, the terrestrial insect fauna of Illinois has undergone drastic change since European colonization of the state. Although data are sparse or entirely lacking for most species, it is clear that many formerly abundant native species are now exceedingly rare while a few previously uncommon or undocumented species, both native and exotic, are now abundant. Much of this change may be attributable to fragmentation and loss of native habitats (e.g., deforestation, draining of wetlands, agricultural conversion and intensification, urbanization), although other factors such as invasion by exotic species (including plants, insects and pathogens), misuse of pesticides, and improper management of native ecosystems have probably also been involved. Data from Illinois and elsewhere in the north temperate zone provide evidence that at least some groups of terrestrial insects have undergone dramatic declines over the past several decades, suggesting that insects are no less vulnerable to anthropogenic environmental change than other groups of organisms Yet, insects continue to be under-represented on official lists of threatened or endangered species and conservation programs focus primarily on vertebrates and plants. This chapter summarizes available information on long-term changes in the terrestrial insect fauna of Illinois, reviews possible causes for these changes, highlights some urgent research needs, and provides recommendations for conservation and management of terrestrial insect communities. INTRODUCTION Insects are among the most important “little things that run the world” (1). -
Milk Thistle
Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER Biological Control BIOLOGY AND BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF EXOTIC T RU E T HISTL E S RACHEL WINSTON , RICH HANSEN , MA R K SCH W A R ZLÄNDE R , ER IC COO M BS , CA R OL BELL RANDALL , AND RODNEY LY M FHTET-2007-05 U.S. Department Forest September 2008 of Agriculture Service FHTET he Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team (FHTET) was created in 1995 Tby the Deputy Chief for State and Private Forestry, USDA, Forest Service, to develop and deliver technologies to protect and improve the health of American forests. This book was published by FHTET as part of the technology transfer series. http://www.fs.fed.us/foresthealth/technology/ On the cover: Italian thistle. Photo: ©Saint Mary’s College of California. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, or marital or family status. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA’s TARGET Center at 202-720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, Room 326-W, Whitten Building, 1400 Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, D.C. 20250-9410 or call 202-720-5964 (voice and TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is for information only and does not constitute an endorsement by the U.S. -
Phylogeny and Phylogenetic Taxonomy of Dipsacales, with Special Reference to Sinadoxa and Tetradoxa (Adoxaceae)
PHYLOGENY AND PHYLOGENETIC TAXONOMY OF DIPSACALES, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO SINADOXA AND TETRADOXA (ADOXACEAE) MICHAEL J. DONOGHUE,1 TORSTEN ERIKSSON,2 PATRICK A. REEVES,3 AND RICHARD G. OLMSTEAD 3 Abstract. To further clarify phylogenetic relationships within Dipsacales,we analyzed new and previously pub- lished rbcL sequences, alone and in combination with morphological data. We also examined relationships within Adoxaceae using rbcL and nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences. We conclude from these analyses that Dipsacales comprise two major lineages:Adoxaceae and Caprifoliaceae (sensu Judd et al.,1994), which both contain elements of traditional Caprifoliaceae.Within Adoxaceae, the following relation- ships are strongly supported: (Viburnum (Sambucus (Sinadoxa (Tetradoxa, Adoxa)))). Combined analyses of C ap ri foliaceae yield the fo l l ow i n g : ( C ap ri folieae (Diervilleae (Linnaeeae (Morinaceae (Dipsacaceae (Triplostegia,Valerianaceae)))))). On the basis of these results we provide phylogenetic definitions for the names of several major clades. Within Adoxaceae, Adoxina refers to the clade including Sinadoxa, Tetradoxa, and Adoxa.This lineage is marked by herbaceous habit, reduction in the number of perianth parts,nectaries of mul- ticellular hairs on the perianth,and bifid stamens. The clade including Morinaceae,Valerianaceae, Triplostegia, and Dipsacaceae is here named Valerina. Probable synapomorphies include herbaceousness,presence of an epi- calyx (lost or modified in Valerianaceae), reduced endosperm,and distinctive chemistry, including production of monoterpenoids. The clade containing Valerina plus Linnaeeae we name Linnina. This lineage is distinguished by reduction to four (or fewer) stamens, by abortion of two of the three carpels,and possibly by supernumerary inflorescences bracts. Keywords: Adoxaceae, Caprifoliaceae, Dipsacales, ITS, morphological characters, phylogeny, phylogenetic taxonomy, phylogenetic nomenclature, rbcL, Sinadoxa, Tetradoxa. -
Spiranthes Diluvialis) and for Designated Weeds
2000 Survey of BLM-Managed Public Lands in Southwestern Wyoming for Ute Ladies Tresses (Spiranthes diluvialis) and for Designated Weeds Report Prepared for the BLM Rock Springs Field Office by George P. Jones, Wyoming Natural Diversity Database (University of Wyoming) in partial fulfillment of Cooperative Agreement K910A970018, Task Order TO-13 April 2001 TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT.........................................................................................................................i BACKGROUND................................................................................................................. 1 METHODS.......................................................................................................................... 1 RESULTS............................................................................................................................ 2 SPIRANTHES DILUVALIS .................................................................................. 2 WEEDS ................................................................................................................... 2 DISCUSSION ..................................................................................................................... 2 REFERENCES.................................................................................................................... 3 APPENDIX 1: DESCRIPTIONS OF STREAM SEGMENTS .........................................8 APPENDIX 2: ABUNDANCE OF THE DESIGNATED WEEDS IN EACH STREAM SEGMENT........................................................................................................................18 -
PLUMELESS THISTLE (Carduus Acanthoides) Description: Plumeless Thistle Is a Member of the Asteraceae Or Sunflower Family. Plume
PLUMELESS THISTLE (Carduus acanthoides) Description: Plumeless thistle is a member of the Asteraceae or sunflower family. Plumeless thistle can grow from 1 to over 4 feet tall. Stems of the plant are covered with spiny wings that extend up to the flowering heads. The freely branched stems give the plant a candelabrum appearance. Stem leaves are alternate, sessile, pubescent underneath, and more deeply lobed and narrower than musk thistle. Each lobe has one to three short pointed marginal spines. Occurring singularly or in clusters, flower heads of the plant are small and generally pink to purple in color or rarely white. Bracts that resemble spines are located beneath the flower. Seeds are small, slightly curved, grey to light brown in color with a light apical collar. Plant Images: Plumeless thistle Rosette Leaf Flower Distribution and Habitat: Plumeless thistle is native to Eurasia and has become established in the northeastern and midwestern United States. In North Dakota, the plant is generally found in the eastern part of the state. Plumeless thistle can establish and tolerate a soil pH range from 3 to 9. The plant prefers temperate regions and is frequently found on grasslands. Typically, plumeless thistle inhabits pastures, stream valleys, fields, roadsides, and disturbed areas. Life History/Ecology: Plumeless thistle is a winter annual or biennial herb that has a stout fleshy taproot. Plumeless thistle reproduces solely through seed production. Seedlings generally germinate in the spring but can continue emerging into the late fall. During the first growing season, plumeless thistle produces a rosette of leaves and a fleshy taproot.