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Thistles of Colorado
Thistles of Colorado About This Guide Identification and Management Guide Many individuals, organizations and agencies from throughout the state (acknowledgements on inside back cover) contributed ideas, content, photos, plant descriptions, management information and printing support toward the completion of this guide. Mountain thistle (Cirsium scopulorum) growing above timberline Casey Cisneros, Tim D’Amato and the Larimer County Department of Natural Resources Weed District collected, compiled and edited information, content and photos for this guide. Produced by the We welcome your comments, corrections, suggestions, and high Larimer County quality photos. If you would like to contribute to future editions, please contact the Larimer County Weed District at 970-498- Weed District 5769 or email [email protected] or [email protected]. Front cover photo of Cirsium eatonii var. hesperium by Janis Huggins Partners in Land Stewardship 2nd Edition 1 2 Table of Contents Introduction 4 Introduction Native Thistles (Pages 6-20) Barneyby’s Thistle (Cirsium barnebyi) 6 Cainville Thistle (Cirsium clacareum) 6 Native thistles are dispersed broadly Eaton’s Thistle (Cirsium eatonii) 8 across many Colorado ecosystems. Individual species occupy niches from Elk or Meadow Thistle (Cirsium scariosum) 8 3,500 feet to above timberline. These Flodman’s Thistle (Cirsium flodmanii) 10 plants are valuable to pollinators, seed Fringed or Fish Lake Thistle (Cirsium 10 feeders, browsing wildlife and to the centaureae or C. clavatum var. beauty and diversity of our native plant americanum) communities. Some non-native species Mountain Thistle (Cirsium scopulorum) 12 have become an invasive threat to New Mexico Thistle (Cirsium 12 agriculture and natural areas. For this reason, native and non-native thistles neomexicanum) alike are often pulled, mowed, clipped or Ousterhout’s or Aspen Thistle (Cirsium 14 sprayed indiscriminately. -
April 2021 Volume 38, Number 4
April 2021 Volume 38, Number 4 This is an online meeting. We will send you a link the day before the meeting. We will be back with in-person meetings as soon as our venues are open and safe. April 21, 7:00 pm Program Carex By Randy Mears The genus Carex is contained within the Family Cyperaceae (Sedge Family). Ironically, it is one of the least known genera to most people and happens to be the largest genus of flowering plants in the United States with more than 500 species represented. The unifying character of all Carex species is a structure called the perigynium which is a modified scale with fused margins which surrounds the pistillate flowers and is only open at the tip. This structure is paramount for separating all Carex species from one another. There are currently 73 species known to occur within the state of Florida. This presentation will, in large part, be a photographic introduction to most of the species that occur in Florida. Randy Mears is a Florida native born in Plant City. He has been studying Florida native plant species for more than 30 years and has become especially interested in grasses and sedges. He is a wonderful person to have show up a field trip since his knowledge of the sedge- family plants comes with lots of field experience. Randy is a Perigynia on Carex intumescens. Photo by Shirley member of the Suncoast chapter. Denton. 1 Plant Sale at USF Botanical Garden USF again had to cancel its plant sale. We have been invited by the USF Botanical Gardens to have our own Suncoast Chapter plant sale at the botanical gardens on April 10. -
Italian Thistle (Carduus Pycnocephalus)
Thistles: Identification and Management Rebecca Ozeran 1 May 2018 Common thistles in the San Joaquin Valley Carduus Centaurea Cirsium Silybum Onopordum Italian thistle Yellow starthistle Bull thistle (Blessed) milkthistle Scotch thistle Tocalote Canada thistle (Malta starthistle) All of these species are found at least one of Fresno, Kern, Kings, Madera, or Tulare Counties Identification • Many species start as a basal rosette in fall • Mature plants can have dense & bushy or tall & stemmy appearance • Purple/pink or yellow-flowered Identification • Why does thistle species matter? • Varying levels of risk to animals • Varying competition with forage • Varying susceptibility to control options Identification – 1. Italian thistle • Carduus pycnocephalus • narrow, spiky flower heads • winged, spiny stems branching above the base • found in Fresno, Kern, Madera, Tulare Identification – 2. Centaurea thistles • YELLOW STARTHISTLE (C. solstitialis) • long, yellow/white spines on phyllaries • can get a bushy structure • found in Fresno, Kern, Madera, Tulare • TOCALOTE (MALTA STARTHISTLE, C. melitensis) • stouter flower heads and shorter, redder spines on phyllaries • found in all 5 counties Identification – 3. Cirsium thistles • Canada thistle (C. arvense) • smooth stems, non-spiny flowerheads • flowers Jun-Oct • found in Fresno, Kern, Tulare • Bull thistle (C. vulgare) • large spiky looking flowerheads • lots of branching, dense plant • flowers Jun-Oct • found in all 5 counties Identification – 4. Blessed milk thistle • Silybum marianum • Distinct, -
Common Plants at the UHCC
Flora Checklist Texas Institute for Coastal Prairie Research and Education University of Houston Donald Verser created this list by combining lists from studies by Grace and Siemann with the UHCC herbarium list Herbarium Collections Family Scientific Name Synonym Common Name Native Growth Accesion Dates Locality Comments Status Habit Numbers Acanthaceae Ruellia humilis fringeleaf wild petunia N forb 269 10/9/1973 Acanthaceae Ruellia nudiflora violet wild petunia N forb Agavaceae Manfreda virginica false aloe N forb Agavaceae Polianthes sp. polianthes ? forb 130 8/3/1971 2004 roadside Anacardiaceae Toxicodendron radicans eastern poison ivy N woody/vine Apiaceae Centella erecta Centella asiatica erect centella N forb 36 4/11/2000 Area 2 Apiaceae Daucus carota Queen Anne's lace I forb 139-142 1971 / 72 No collections by Dr. Brown. Perhaps Apiaceae Eryngium leavenworthii Leavenworth's eryngo N forb 144 7/20/1971 wooded area in pipeline ROW E. hookeri instead? Apiaceae Eryngium yuccifolium button eryngo N forb 77,143,145 71, 72, 2000 Apiaceae Polytaenia texana Polytaenia nuttallii Texas prairie parsley N forb 32 6/6/2002 Apocynaceae Amsonia illustris Ozark bluestar N Forb 76 3/24/2000 Area 4 Apocynaceae Amsonia tabernaemontana eastern bluestar N Forb Aquifoliaceae Ilex vomitoria yaupon N woody Asclepiadaceae Asclepias lanceolata fewflower milkweed N Forb Not on Dr. Brown's list. Would be great record. Asclepiadaceae Asclepias longifolia longleaf milkweed N Forb 84 6/7/2000 Area 6 Asclepiadaceae Asclepias verticillata whorled milkweed N Forb 35 6/7/2002 Area 7 Asclepiadaceae Asclepias viridis green antelopehorn N Forb 63, 92 1974 & 2000 Asteraceae Acmella oppositifolia var. -
Classical Biological Control of Nodding and Plumeless Thistles
Biological Control 21, 206–213 (2001) doi:10.1006/bcon.2001.0940, available online at http://www.idealibrary.com on Classical Biological Control of Nodding and Plumeless Thistles L. T. Kok Department of Entomology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061-0319 Received March 15, 2001; accepted March 20, 2001; published online May 22, 2001 group. Both thistles are winter annuals or biennials. Nodding (musk) thistle (Carduus thoermeri Wein- Seeds produced in summer form rosettes which over- mann in the Carduus nutans L. group) and plumeless winter. The rosettes resume development in spring, thistle (Carduus acanthoides L.) are introduced nox- followed by stem elongation and flowering. Nodding ious weeds of Eurasian origin. Both weeds are prob- thistle was first recorded in 1853 at Harrisburg, Penn- lematic in pastures, rangelands, and croplands and sylvania (Stuckey and Forsyth, 1971) and has been along state highways in many parts of the United reported in 40 of the 48 contiguous states (Frick, 1978). States. The success of both species of thistles is largely Plumeless thistle first appeared in 1878 at Camden, due to their prolific seed production, seed longevity, New Jersey and in Ohio (Batra, 1978) and is found in competitive ability, and lack of natural enemies. Clas- sical biological control of nodding thistle in Virginia 19 states (Frick, 1978). The two thistle species often has been achieved with three exotic thistle herbivores, occupy the same habitats in the northeast, such as Rhinocyllus conicus Froelich (Coleoptera: Curculion- overgrazed pastures and disturbed roadsides, some- idae), Trichosirocalus horridus (Panzer) (Coleoptera: times occurring in mixed stands (Batra, 1978). -
Terrestrial Insects: a Hidden Biodiversity Crisis? 1
Chapter 7—Terrestrial Insects: A Hidden Biodiversity Crisis? 1 Chapter 7 Terrestrial Insects: A Hidden Biodiversity Crisis? C.H. Dietrich Illinois Natural History Survey OBJECTIVES Like most other elements of the biota, the terrestrial insect fauna of Illinois has undergone drastic change since European colonization of the state. Although data are sparse or entirely lacking for most species, it is clear that many formerly abundant native species are now exceedingly rare while a few previously uncommon or undocumented species, both native and exotic, are now abundant. Much of this change may be attributable to fragmentation and loss of native habitats (e.g., deforestation, draining of wetlands, agricultural conversion and intensification, urbanization), although other factors such as invasion by exotic species (including plants, insects and pathogens), misuse of pesticides, and improper management of native ecosystems have probably also been involved. Data from Illinois and elsewhere in the north temperate zone provide evidence that at least some groups of terrestrial insects have undergone dramatic declines over the past several decades, suggesting that insects are no less vulnerable to anthropogenic environmental change than other groups of organisms Yet, insects continue to be under-represented on official lists of threatened or endangered species and conservation programs focus primarily on vertebrates and plants. This chapter summarizes available information on long-term changes in the terrestrial insect fauna of Illinois, reviews possible causes for these changes, highlights some urgent research needs, and provides recommendations for conservation and management of terrestrial insect communities. INTRODUCTION Insects are among the most important “little things that run the world” (1). -
Milk Thistle
Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER Biological Control BIOLOGY AND BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF EXOTIC T RU E T HISTL E S RACHEL WINSTON , RICH HANSEN , MA R K SCH W A R ZLÄNDE R , ER IC COO M BS , CA R OL BELL RANDALL , AND RODNEY LY M FHTET-2007-05 U.S. Department Forest September 2008 of Agriculture Service FHTET he Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team (FHTET) was created in 1995 Tby the Deputy Chief for State and Private Forestry, USDA, Forest Service, to develop and deliver technologies to protect and improve the health of American forests. This book was published by FHTET as part of the technology transfer series. http://www.fs.fed.us/foresthealth/technology/ On the cover: Italian thistle. Photo: ©Saint Mary’s College of California. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, or marital or family status. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA’s TARGET Center at 202-720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, Room 326-W, Whitten Building, 1400 Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, D.C. 20250-9410 or call 202-720-5964 (voice and TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is for information only and does not constitute an endorsement by the U.S. -
ISB: Atlas of Florida Vascular Plants
Longleaf Pine Preserve Plant List Acanthaceae Asteraceae Wild Petunia Ruellia caroliniensis White Aster Aster sp. Saltbush Baccharis halimifolia Adoxaceae Begger-ticks Bidens mitis Walter's Viburnum Viburnum obovatum Deer Tongue Carphephorus paniculatus Pineland Daisy Chaptalia tomentosa Alismataceae Goldenaster Chrysopsis gossypina Duck Potato Sagittaria latifolia Cow Thistle Cirsium horridulum Tickseed Coreopsis leavenworthii Altingiaceae Elephant's foot Elephantopus elatus Sweetgum Liquidambar styraciflua Oakleaf Fleabane Erigeron foliosus var. foliosus Fleabane Erigeron sp. Amaryllidaceae Prairie Fleabane Erigeron strigosus Simpson's rain lily Zephyranthes simpsonii Fleabane Erigeron vernus Dog Fennel Eupatorium capillifolium Anacardiaceae Dog Fennel Eupatorium compositifolium Winged Sumac Rhus copallinum Dog Fennel Eupatorium spp. Poison Ivy Toxicodendron radicans Slender Flattop Goldenrod Euthamia caroliniana Flat-topped goldenrod Euthamia minor Annonaceae Cudweed Gamochaeta antillana Flag Pawpaw Asimina obovata Sneezeweed Helenium pinnatifidum Dwarf Pawpaw Asimina pygmea Blazing Star Liatris sp. Pawpaw Asimina reticulata Roserush Lygodesmia aphylla Rugel's pawpaw Deeringothamnus rugelii Hempweed Mikania cordifolia White Topped Aster Oclemena reticulata Apiaceae Goldenaster Pityopsis graminifolia Button Rattlesnake Master Eryngium yuccifolium Rosy Camphorweed Pluchea rosea Dollarweed Hydrocotyle sp. Pluchea Pluchea spp. Mock Bishopweed Ptilimnium capillaceum Rabbit Tobacco Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium Blackroot Pterocaulon virgatum -
Invasive Alien Species: the Application of Classical Biological Control for the Management of Established Invasive Alien Species Causing Environmental Impacts
CBD Distr. GENERAL CBD/COP/14/INF/9 12 November 2018 ENGLISH ONLY CONFERENCE OF THE PARTIES TO THE CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY Fourteenth meeting Item 26 of the provisional agenda* Sharm El-Sheikh, Egypt, 17-29 November 2018 INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES: THE APPLICATION OF CLASSICAL BIOLOGICAL CONTROL FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF ESTABLISHED INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES CAUSING ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS Note by the Executive Secretary BACKGROUND 1. The Executive Secretary is circulating herewith, for the information of participants in the fourteenth meeting of the Conference of the Parties, a document on the application of classical biological control for the management of established invasive alien species causing environmental impacts. 2. The document is relevant to the work of the Convention on Biological Diversity, in particular with regard to addressing (a) tools for conducting analysis for the management of invasive alien species, (b) the risks associated with trade in live alien organisms, and (c) achieving Aichi Biodiversity Target 9. 3. The document is being circulated in the form and language in which it was received by the Secretariat. * CBD/COP/14/1. The application of classical biological control for the management of established invasive alien species causing environmental impacts Summary for Policy Makers Prepared by: International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), Species Survival Commission Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) *Note that the full report follows on from this Summary for Policy Makers document. Summary for policy makers Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) COP13 Decision XIII on Invasive Alien Species (IAS) recognized ‘that classical biological control can be an effective measure to manage already established invasive alien species’, and encouraged ‘Parties, other Governments and relevant organizations, when using classical biological control to manage already established invasive alien species, … [to take] into account the summary of technical considerations1’ that was annexed to the decision. -
Cirsium Arvense (L.) Scop
NEW YORK NON -NATIVE PLANT INVASIVENESS RANKING FORM Scientific name: Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. (C. setosum, C. incanum, Carduus arvensis, Serratula arvensis & all varieties of C. arvense) USDA Plants Code: CIAR4 Common names: Creeping thistle, Californian thistle, Canada thistle, field thistle Native distribution: Eurasia Date assessed: April 28, 2009 Assessors: Gerry Moore Reviewers: LIISMA SRC Date Approved: May 13, 2009 Form version date: 3 March 2009 New York Invasiveness Rank: High (Relative Maximum Score 70.00-80.00) Distribution and Invasiveness Rank ( Obtain from PRISM invasiveness ranking form ) PRISM Status of this species in each PRISM: Current Distribution Invasiveness Rank 1 Adirondack Park Invasive Program Not Assessed Not Assessed 2 Capital/Mohawk Not Assessed Not Assessed 3 Catskill Regional Invasive Species Partnership Not Assessed Not Assessed 4 Finger Lakes Not Assessed Not Assessed 5 Long Island Invasive Species Management Area Widespread High 6 Lower Hudson Not Assessed Not Assessed 7 Saint Lawrence/Eastern Lake Ontario Not Assessed Not Assessed 8 Western New York Not Assessed Not Assessed Invasiveness Ranking Summary Total (Total Answered*) Total (see details under appropriate sub-section) Possible 1 Ecological impact 40 ( 40 ) 20 2 Biological characteristic and dispersal ability 25 ( 25 ) 21 3 Ecological amplitude and distribution 25 ( 25 ) 21 4 Difficulty of control 10 ( 10 ) 9 Outcome score 100 ( 100 )b 71 a † Relative maximum score 71.00 § New York Invasiveness Rank High (Relative Maximum Score 70.00-80.00) * For questions answered “unknown” do not include point value in “Total Answered Points Possible.” If “Total Answered Points Possible” is less than 70.00 points, then the overall invasive rank should be listed as “Unknown.” †Calculated as 100(a/b) to two decimal places. -
Ecology and Management of Canada Thistle [Cirsium Arvense (L.) Scop
United States Department of Agriculture NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICE Invasive Species Technical Note No. MT-5 September 2006 Ecology and Management of Canada thistle [Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.] by Jim Jacobs, NRCS Invasive Species Specialist, Bozeman, MT Joanna Sciegienka, Graduate Research Assistant, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT Fabian Menalled, Extension Cropland Weeds Specialist, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT Abstract A member of the Aster family, Canada thistle is a vigorous, highly competitive species. Occurring in a large range of habitats including croplands, ditch banks and riparian areas, gardens and pastures, this category 1 noxious perennial weed is particularly hard to control because of its deep, creeping, reproductive root system forming colonies. In general, infestations start on disturbed ground, with plants being able to colonize 10 to 12 feet per year. Canada thistle can grow in a variety of habitats, but it is best adapted to deep, well-aerated and productive soils. It prefers sunny and warm areas with 15 to 30 or more inches of precipitation or irrigation per year, but it can grow on dryer cropland and pasture sites with 12 to 13 inches of precipitation per year. When temperatures exceed 85º F for extended periods of time, it stops growing. Canada thistle threatens productivity in both crop and non-croplands. In cropland, Canada thistle causes extensive yield losses through competition for light, nutrients, and moisture. It also increases harvesting problems due to seed and forage contamination. In Montana, it is estimated that two shoots per square yard can reduce wheat yield by 15 percent and 25 shoots per square yard can reduce wheat yield by 60 percent. -
Biologically Active Secondary Metabolites from Asteraceae and Polygonaceae Species
University of Szeged Faculty of Pharmacy Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Department of Pharmacognosy Biologically active secondary metabolites from Asteraceae and Polygonaceae species Ph.D. Thesis Ildikó Lajter Supervisors: Prof. Judit Hohmann Dr. Andrea Vasas Szeged, Hungary 2015 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS RELATED TO THE THESIS I. Lajter I, Zupkó I, Molnár J, Jakab G, Balogh L, Vasas A, Hohmann J. Antiproliferative activity of Polygonaceae species from the Carpathian Basin against human cancer cell lines Phytotherapy Research 2013; 27: 77-85. II. Lajter I, Vasas A, Orvos P, Bánsághi S, Tálosi L, Jakab G, Béni Z, Háda V, Forgo P, Hohmann J. Inhibition of G protein-activated inwardly rectifying K+ channels by extracts of Polygonum persicaria and isolation of new flavonoids from the chloroform extract of the herb Planta Medica 2013; 79: 1736-1741. III. Lajter I, Vasas A, Béni Z, Forgo P, Binder M, Bochkov V, Zupkó I, Krupitza G, Frisch R, Kopp B, Hohmann J. Sesquiterpenes from Neurolaena lobata and their antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory activities Journal of Natural Products 2014; 77: 576-582. IV. McKinnon R, Binder M, Zupkó I, Afonyushkin T, Lajter I, Vasas A, de Martin R, Unger C, Dolznig H, Diaz R, Frisch R, Passreiter CM, Krupitza G, Hohmann J, Kopp B, Bochkov VN. Pharmacological insight into the anti-inflammatory activity of sesquiterpene lactones from Neurolaena lobata (L.) R.Br. ex Cass. Phytomedicine 2014; 21: 1695-1701. V. Lajter I, Pan SP, Nikles S, Ortmann S, Vasas A, Csupor-Löffler B, Forgó P, Hohmann J, Bauer R. Inhibition of COX-2 and NF-κB1 gene expression, NO production, 5-LOX, and COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes by extracts and constituents of Onopordum acanthium Planta Medica 2015; 81: 1270-1276.