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LONG LIVE THE VICTORY OF THE DICTATORSHIP OF THE PROLE,TARIAT!

In Commemoration of the Centenary - of the Paris

FOREIGN LANGUAGES PRESS PEKING LONG LIVE THE VICTORY OF THE DICTATOR.SHIP OF THE !

- In Commemoration of the Centenary of the by the Editorial Departments of Renmin Ribao (People's Daily), Hongqi (Red Flag) and, Jiefangjun Bao (Liberation Army Daily)

(March 18, l97l)

FOREIGN LANGUAGES PRESS PEKING 1971 great teacher and leader of the international proletarlal Printed in th,e Peo'ple's Republic of Chi,na Frederick Engels grcat teacher and leatler of the international proletariat Working men's Paris, with its Com- mune, will be for ever celebrated as the glorious harbinget of a new society. Its martyrs are enshrined in the gteat heart of the working c1ass. Karl Marx CONTENTS If the Comrnune should be destoyed, the struggle would ontry be postponed. I. The Principles of the Paris Commune Are The principles of the Cornrnune ate eter- Eternal for the Revolu- nal and indestructible; they will present II. It Is of the Utmost Importance tionary People to Take HoId of the Gun themselves the again and again until III. Is the Cause of the Masses in Their is liberated. MilIions 10 IV. It Is Essential to Have a Genuine Marxist- Karl Marx Leninist PartY 15 V. The Modern Revisionists Are Renegades from the Principles of the Paris Commune 20 VI. Persist in Continuing the Revolution Under the Dictatorship of the Proletariat and Strive for Still Greater Victories 25

Ltrotes 29 [. THE PR.INCIPLES OF' TFIE IJARIS CO&IMUNE AR.E ETER.NAL

March 18 this year marks the centenary of the Paris Commune. FulI of profound feelings of proletarian internationalism. the Chinese Communists and the Chi- nese people under the teaching of their great leader Chairman Mao warmly celebrate this great "festival of the proletariat"l together with the proletariat and the revoLutionary people throughout the world. One hundred years ago the proletariat and the broad masses of the people of Paris in France staged a heroic armed uprising and founded the Paris Commune. This was the first proletarian regime in the history of mankind, the first great attempt of the proletariat to overthrow the and establish the dictatorship of the proletariat. The Paris Commune abolished the army and police of the reactionary bourgeois government and replaced them with the armed people; the gun was in the hands of the working class. The Paris Commune broke the bourgeois bureaucratic apparatus enslaving the people, founded the working class's own government, adopted a series of policies to safegr-rard the interests of the working people and organized the masses to take an active part in running the state. In the fight to found and defend the proletarian regime, the heroes of the Paris Commune displayed extraordinary revolutionary initiative, soaring revolu- Marx also said: The state of the dictatorship of the tionary enthusiasm and self-sacrificing heroism, winning proletariat will "be a working, not a parliamentary, body, the acimiration of the revolutionary people generation executive and legislative at the same time".8 after generation. As Lenin said: "One of the most remarkable and Although the Paris Commune failed as a result of rnost important ideas of on the subject of the the military onslaught and bloody suppression carried state" is "the idea of the 'dictatorship of the proletariat' out by butcher Thiers in ieague with Bismarck, its his- (as Marx and Engels began to call it after the Paris Com- torical contributions are indelible. As Marx said: The mune)".e To persist in revolutionary violence to smash glorious movement of March 18 was "the dawn of the the bourgeois state machine and establish the dictator- great which will liberate mankind from ship of the proletariat, or to maintain the bourgeois state proletariat the regime of classes for ever".2 machine and oppose the dictatorship of the has be,en the focus of repeated struggles between While the battle was still raging in a Paris darkened this -Marxism on the one hand and , ,' by the smoke of gunfire, Marx declared: "If the Commune and all kinds of bourgeois and petty-bourgeois should l-re destroyed, the struggle would only be post- on the other, the focus of repeated struggles be- poned. The principles of the Commune are eternal and tween the two lines in the international communist move- indestructible; they will present themselves again ment for the past hundred years. It is precisely on this and again until the working class is liberated."3 fundamental question of the dictatorship of the prole- What are the revolutionary principles that Marx tariat that a1I revisionism, from the revisionism of the and Engels, the great teachers of the proletariat, summed to modern revisionism with the up on the basis o{ the pra,ctice of the Paris Commune? Soviet revisionist renegade clique as its centre, has com- In a word, "the working class cannot simply lay hold pletely betrayed Marxism. of the ready-made state rnachinery, and wield it for its A century's history has proved to the full that the own purposes".4 The proletariat must use revolutionary Marxist theory of the and the violence to "break" and "smash"5 the old state machinery dictatorship of the proletariat is invincible. and carry out the dictatorship of the proletariat.G Forty-six years after the Paris Commune uprising, In expounding this principle, Marx stressed: The the proletariat of , led by the great Lenin, won first premiss of the dictatorship of the proletariat 'ois an victory in the October Socialist Revolution through arrny of the proletariat. The working class must win armed uprising, opening up a new world era of prole- the right to its emancipation on the battlefield".T Only tarian revolution and proletarian dictatorship. Lenin by relying on revolutionary armed force can the prole- said: On the path of breaking the old state machine, the tariat overthrow the rule of rea,ctionary classes and go Paris Commune "took the first world-historical step. . . . on to fulfil its whole historicatr mission. The Soviet Government took the second".l0 Seventy-eight years after the Paris Commune upris- flames of the revolutionary torch raised by the Paris ing, the Chinese people, 1ed by the great leader Chairman Commune are ablaze throughout the world, and the days Mao, won victory in the revolution. Chairman Mao of , social-imperialism and all reaction are blazed a trail in establishing rural base areas, encircling numbered. In celebratlng the centenary of the Paris the ,cities frorn the countryside and finally taking the Commune at such a time, the lVlarxist-Leninists, the pro- cities. He led the Chinese people thror-rgh protracted letariat and the revolutionary peopie the world over have re\zolutionary in overthrowing the reactionary rule all the more reason to shout with unbounded confidence: of imperialism, feudalism and bureaucrat-, in Long live the Comrrrune! Long live the victory of the breaking the old state machine and brirrging about in proletarian revohltion and the dictatorship of the prole-

China the people's democratic dictatorship, that is, the tariat ! dictatorship of the,proletariat. Since then Chairman Mao In commemorating the Paris Commune, we should has been leading the Chinese people in continuing study the Marxist-Lenirrist theory of the proletarian the revolution under the dictatorship of the proietariat revolution and the di,ctatorship of the proletariat, learn and advancing triumphantly along the socialist road. from historical experience, criticize rnodern revisionism Fighting bravely, advancing wave upon wave and with the Soviet revisionist renegade clique as its centre, supporting and encouraging each other in the past cen- adhere to the Marxist-I-eninist revolutionary 1ine, and tury, the proletariat, the oppressed people and oppressed unite with the people of the world to win still greater nations of the world have been promoting the socialist victories. revolution and the national democratic revolution and have won most brilliant victories. As Comrade Macr Tsetung points out: "This is the historic epoch in which U. IT IS OF TT{E UTMOST IN{PORTANCE world capitalisnn and irnperialisrn are going down to their FOR. THE R.EVOI,UTIONAB.Y PEOPI.E doorn and world socialisrn and people's dernocracy are TO TAKE EIOLD OF TI{E GUN marching to victory."u The cause of the Paris Commune is spreading far and wide at a high'er stage in the new The historical experience of the Paris Commune has historical conditions. The world has undergone an earth- fully demonstrated that taking hold of revolutionary shaking ,change. arms is of the utmost importance to the proletarian rev- In comrnemorating the tenth anniversary of the Paris olution and the dictatorship of the proletariat. Commune, Marx and Engels, with jubilant revolutionary Explaining the experience of the Paris Commune, feeling, told the European working class: "Thus the Corn- Lenin referred to Engels' important thesis that the work- rnune which the pow'ers of the old world helieved to be ers emerged with arms from every revolution in France exterminated, lives stronger than ever, and thus we may and that, therefore, the disarming of the workers was join you in the cry: Vive la Cornmune!"l2 Today, the the fj.rst commandment for the bourgeois, who were at the helm of the state. On this conclusion of Engels', Lenin the oppressed people commented: "The essence of the matter-also, by the of a country and the seizure of victory in their revolution are accomplished way, on the question of the state (hos the oppressed cla.ss invariably the power gun; arms?) here remarkably well grasped."t3 by of the they are accomplisl-red under -is the leadership of a proletari'an party, The Paris Commune was born in the fierce struggle by acting in accord- ance that country's specific gradually between armed revolution and armed counter-revolution. with conditions, by building up the people's armed forces and fighting a The 72 days of the Paris Commune were 72 days of armed people's on basis arousing uprising, armed struggle and armed defence. The very the of the broad masses to action, and by waging repeated fact that the proletariat of Paris had taken hold of the struggles against the imperialists and reactionaries. This gun struck the greatest terror into the hearts of the is true of the Rus- sian revolution, the Chinese revolution, and revolu- bourgeois reactionaries. And a fatal erro,r of the Paris the tions of Albania, Viet Nam, Korea and other countries, Commun,e lay precisely in the fact that it showed exces- and there is no exception. sive magnanimity towards counter-revolution and did not On the other hand, a proletarian party suffers set- march on Versailles immediately, thus giving Thiers a backs in the revolution if it faitrs to go in for or gives breathing space to muster his reactionary forces for an up revolutionary armed force, and there onslaught on revolutionary Paris. As Engels said: have been serious lessons: Some parties failed "Would the Paris Commune have lasted a single day if to take hold of the gun and were helpless in the face of sudden attacks it had not made use of this authority of the armed people by irnperialism and its lackeys and counter-revolutionary against the bourgeois? Should we not, on the contrary, of suppression, and as reproach it for not having used it freely enough?"14 a result millions of revolutionary people were massacred. cases Comrade Mao Tsetr-rng has concisely summed up the In some where the revolu- tionary peopie tremendous importance of arncred struggle and the peo- had already taken up arms and their armed forces had grown ple's army and advanced the celebrated thesis "Folitical considerably, certain parties over people's power grows out of the barrel of a gun."15 He points out: -handed the armed forces and lorfeited the fruits of the revolution because "According to the Marxist theory of the state, the arrny they sought official posts bourgeois governments is the chief component of state power. \Mhoever wants in or were duped by the reac- tionaries. to seize and retain state power must have a strong rfmy."16 In the past decades, many Communist Parties have participated elections Violent revolution is the universal principle of prole- in and parliaments, but none has set up a dictatorship of proletariat tarian revolution. A Marxist-Leninist party must adhere the by such means. Even if a to this universal principle and apply it to the concrete should win a majority in parliament or participate government, practice of its own country. Historical experience shows in the this would not mean any change character that the seizure of political power by the proletariat and in the of bourgeois political power, still less the smashing of the old state Since Wor1d War imperialisrn, machine. The reactionary ruling classes can proclainl II, and neo-colonialism headed by the the election null and void, dissolve the partriament or have inces- santly launched wars of aggression and resorted directly use violerrce to kick out the Communist Party. ever more frequently to such means a-s military intervention, If a proletarian party does nb mass work, rejects armed armed subversion and invasion by mercenary troops struggle and makes a fetish of parliamentary elections, to suppress the countries and people that are fighting for will only luli the masses and corrupt itseif. The bour- it or have already gained independence. geoisie buys over a Communist Party through parlia- Incomplete statis- tics show that U.S. imperialism has engineered mentary elections and turns it into a revisionist party, and launched armed intervention and armed aggression a party of the bourgeoisie are such cases rare in on - more than 50 occasions in the past 2b years. As for U.S.- history? engineered armed subversion, examples are too The proletariat rnust use the gun to seize political lfumer- ous to be counted. Therefore, in order to win liberation power and must use the gun to defend it. The people's and safeguard their national independence and state army under the leadership of a Marxist-Leninist party sovereignty and effectively combat aggression and sub- is the bulwark of the dictatorship of the proletariat and version by imperialism and its lackeys, all the oppressed among the various factors for preventing the restoration nations must have their own anti-imperialist armed of capitalism it is the main one. Having a people's army forces and be prepared at al1 times to counter wars of armed with the Marxist-Leninist ideology, the proletariat aggression with revolutionary wars. The war against can deal with any complicated situation in the domestic U.S. aggression and for national salvation waged by the or international class struggle and safeguard the proJ'e- people of the three countries of Viet Nam, Laos and tarian state. Cambodia has set a brilliant example to the oppressed The contemporary triberation movement of the op- nations and people all over the world. The struggles pressed nations is an important component part and a -against aggression and subversion waged by the people great aIIy of the proletarian world revolution" The of many other countries and regions in Asia, Africa and national democratic revolution and the socialist revolu- Latin America have likewise provided valuable experi- related each other and at the same time tion are to ence. distinct from each other; they represent two different In his solemn statement "People of the World, Unite and are different in character. I{owever, to rvin stages and Defeat the U.S. Aggressors and All Their Running cornplete victory in the national democratic revolution, Dogs!", Chairman Mao points out: "A weak nation can is likewise necessary to get prepared for a trial of it defeat a strong, a srnall nation can defeat a big. The armed strength with the imperialists and reactionaries. people of a srnall country can certainly deleat aggression the oppressed nations, it is likewise most important "For by a hig country, if only they dare to rise in struggle, dare to take hold of the gun. to take up arms and grasp in their own hands ttrre destiny when the proletariat of Paris did rise in revolt with of their country. This is a law of history'"r7 heaven-storming revolutionary heroism in March 1871, As Comrade Lin Piao says, "people's war is the most Marx, regarding himself as a participant, promptly and effective weapon against U.S. imperialism and its firmly supported and heiped this proletarian revolution. Iackeys".ls The proletariat and the oppressed people and Although he perceived the mistakes of the Commune nations the world over will all change from being and foresaw its defeat, Marx considered the revoh.rtion unarmed and unskilled in warfare to taking. up arms and the most glorious exploit of the French working class. being skilled in warfare. U.S' imperialism and aII its For he regarded this movement "as a historic experience lackeys wiII eventually be burned to ashes in the fiery of enormous importance, as a certain advance of the flames of the people's war they themselves have kindled' world proletarian revolution, as a practical step that was rnore irnportant tlaan hundreds of prograrnmes and argu- ments".20 In a letter to L. Kugelmann at that time, Marx TI{E IIL RE,VOLUTION IS THE CAUSE OF expressed his fervent praise: "What elasticity, what MASSES IN THEIR. MILI-IONS historical initiative, what a capacity for sacrifice in these Parisians!" 'oHistory has no like example of like great- Paris Commune The historical experience of the ness!"2l Lenin saw in this letter a gulf between the pro- proletarian revolu- te1ls us that to be victorious in the letarian and the opportunists and hoped proletariat it is impera- tion and the dictatorship of the that it would be in the of every literate the "hung home tive to rely on the revolutionary enthusiasm of Russian worker".22 give ful1 play to their great masses in their millions and Contrary to the Marxists, a1l the opportunists and said: "The power as the makers of history. Lenin old and new revisionists oppose the proletarian revolu- without the revolutionary autocracy cannot be abolished tion and the dictatorship of the proletariat and they rnillions, without a great surge action of class-eonscious inevitably have a mortal fear of and bitter hatred for the on their part to of mass heroisrn, readiness and ability masses, and they deride, curse and sabotage the revolu- speaking of the 'storm heaven', as Marx put it when tionary mass movement. When the Russian armed upris- Faris workers at the tirne of the Comtrnune'"Ie ing of December 1905 faiied, Plekhanov stood aloof and proletariat, highly Marx, the great teacher of the accused the masses, saying: "They should not have taken valued the revolutionary initiativ'e of the masses of the to arms." Lenin indignantly criticized Plekhanov's aris- people and set us a brilliant example of the correct atti- tocratic attitude towards the revolutionary mass move- tude to adopt towards the revolutionary mass movement' ment and denounced him as an infamous Russian In the autumn of 1870, prior to the founding of the renegade from Marxism. Lenin pointed out that with- Paris Commune, Marx pointed out that the conditions out the "general rehearsal" of 1905, victory in the October were not ripe for an uprising by the French workers' But Revolution in 1917 would have been impossible.

10 11 In 1959, when our great teacher Chairman Mao advance in the fight against the U.S.-Israeli aggressors. denounced the Peng Teh-huai Right-opportunist anti- Revolutionary mass movements on an unprecedented Party clique for slandering and opposing the revolutionary scale have broken out in North America, and mass movement, he sharply told these anti-Marxist I Oceania. The workers, students, black people and other renegades: minority peoples in the United States are daily awaken- "'Please look and see how Marx and Lenill com- ing and rising in a revolutionary storm against the mented on the Paris Commune, and Lenin on the Russian reactionary rule of the Nixon government and its policy revolution!" "Do you see how Lenin criticized the of aggression. In Latin America, the "backyard" of U.S. renegade Plekhanov and those 'bourgeois gentlemen and imperialism, the long-suppressed anti-U.S. fury in the their hangetrs-on', 'the curs and swine of the rnoritrund hearts of the people has now burst forth, and a new bourgeoisie and of the petty-bourgeois dernocrats who situation has emerged characterized by joint struggle for trail behind theltr'? If not, will you please have a look?"23 the defence of their national interests and state sover- Chairman Mao used this historical experience as a pro- eignty. The of the people in found lesson to educate the whole Party and urged our certain East European countries against social-imperial- Party members and cadres to follow the example of ism is in the ascendant. The spring thunder of revolu- Marx and Lenin and take a correct attitude towards the tion is sounding even in hitherto relatively quiescent revolutionary mass movement. areas. Reacting on and encouraging each other, these "Revolution is the rnain trend in the world today''t2r' struggles have merged into the powerful torrent of the AII round the globe, the people are thundering: Down worlci people's revolutionary movement. dogs! The with the U.S. aggressors and all their running In the face of the present great revolutionary front- move- strategic rear areas of imperialism have become ment, every revolutionary party and every revolutionary struggle. The victorious Iines in the anti-imperialist will have to make a choice. To march at the head of the - masses and lead them? To trail behind them, gesticulat- ing and criticizing? Or to stand in their way and oppose them? Genuine Marxist-Leninist parties and all revolu- tionaries must warmly support the revolutionary actions momentum' The national two super-powers is gaining of the masses, firmly march at the head of the mass liberation movement in Asia and Africa is shooting for- movement and lead the masses forward. of the ward as violently as a raging fire. The struggle The political parties of the proletariat and a1l revolu- people of Korea, Japan and other Asian countries tionaries "ought to face the world and trrave the storrn, against the revival of Japanese militarism by the U'S' the great world of mass struggle and the rnighty storrn and Japanese reactionaries is daily surging ahead. The of mass struggle".25 They must share weal and woe with Palestinian and other Arab people are continuing their the masses, modestly learn from thern, be their willing

12 13 pupils, be good at discovering their revolutionary initia- imperialism invariably want to make revolution. In ,l - tive and draw wisdom and strength from them. OnIy by order to defeat U.S. imperialism and all its running dogs, plunging into the mighty storm of the mass movement it is imperative to form a broad , unite with can a political party of the proletariat temper itself and { all forces that can be united, the enemy excepted, and grow in maturity. And only through the practice of the carry out arduous struggle. masses in class struggle can a correct programme or line I Comrade Mao Tsetung points out: "Direct reliance be formulated, developed, tested and carried out. on the revolutionary masses is a basic principle of the i The mainstream of the revolutionalry mass move- Communist Farty."26 We must rely on the masses and ment is always good and always conforms to the develop- Iaunch mass movements when we fight for political ment of society. In the mass movement various trends power. We must likewise rely on the masses, launch of thought exert their influence, various factions emerge mass movements and adhere to the in all our and various kincls of people take part. This is only work when we engage in the socialist revolution and natural. Nothing on earth is absolutely pure. Through socialist construction after the establishment of the their practice in struggle and repeated comparison, the dictatorship of the pro}etariat. "As long as we rely on broad masses of the people will eventually distinguish the people, believe firmly in the inexhaustible creative between what is correct and what is erroneous; they will power of the masses and trence trust and identify ourselves eventually cast aside revisionism and all that is erroneous with thern, no enemy can crush us while we can crush and accept and grasp the revolutionary truth of Marxism- every enemy and overcorne every difficulty-"27 . A proletarian party must go deep among the masses and work patiently, painstakingly and for a long time, so as constantly to raise their political consciousness IV. IT IS ESSENTIAI. TO I{AVE A GENUINE and lead the mass movement forward along the correct l MARXIST-LENINIST P,A.RTY road. The question of first importance for the revolu- In summing up the experience of the Paris Commune, tion is to distinguish between enemies and friends, to $ Marx and Engels explicitly stated: "In its struggle power the propertied classes, unite with our real friends and attack our real enemies. against the collective of act as a class except by constitut- The development of the revolutionary mass movement the working class cannot political party, distinct frorn, and opposed calls for the constant strengthening of unity within the ing itself into a parties forrned the propertied classes."2S revolutionary forces and the smashing of the plots to to all old by victory in the split and sabotage hatched by the imperialists, revision- This is a condition indispensable to seizing ists and reactionaries. The people, who constitute over proletarian revolution, establishing and consolidating the realizing the ultimate 90 per cent of the population the lvorkers, peasants, dictatorship of the proletariat, and students and all those who refuse- to be oppressed by goal of abolishing classes. 15 14 protracted revolutionary struggles were persevered in. The fundamental cause of the failure of the paris or But in certain countries, the revolution failed because the Commune was that, owing to the historical conditions, opportunist, revisionist line had got the upper hand in Marxism had not yet achieved a dominant position in the parties. workers' movement and a proletarian revolutionary the the situation today is better party with Marxism as its guiding thought For workl revolution had not yet objective situation urgently come into being. On the other hand, than ever before. The and genuine Marxist-Leninist Proudhonism which were then dominant paris demands strong leadership by in the proletarian revolutionary Commune could not possibly lead proletarian parties, and the building of the revolu- line, tion to victory. parties which completely break with the revisionist are consolidated ideologically, politically and Historical experience shows that where a very which which have a broad mass character. favourable revolutionary situation and revolutionary organizationally and lead the revolution, it is of funda- enthusiasm on the part of the masses exist, it is stilt To be able to a proletarian party to take necessary to have a strong core of leadership of the pro- mental importance for as its guiding thought, integrate the letariat, that is, "a revolutionary party . . built on the Marxism-Leninism Marxism-Leninism with the concrete Marxist-Leninist revolutionary theory and in the Marxist- universal truth of practice the revolution in its own country, and for- Leninist revolutionary style".2e Only such a party can of a correct line suited to the condi- lead the proletariat and the broad masses in defeating mulate and implement correct line, a weak force imperialism and its running dogs and tions of that country. With a winning victory in from the revolution. can grow strong, armed forces can be built up political power can be attained. With an A revolutionary situation appeared in many coun- scratch, and revolution will suffer setbacks and tries at the time of World War I. However, since almost erroneous line, the gains already won will be forfeited. all the political parties of the Second. International had the degenerated into revisionist, social-chauvinist parties, In leading the Chinese people's revolution through it - repeatedly was out of the question for them to lead the proletariat protracted struggles, Comrade Mao Tsetung was linked with the concrete in seizing political power. OnIy in Russia, under the pointed out: "As soon as it practice of the Chinese revoXution, the universal truth of Ieadership of the Bolshevik Party founded by Lenin, was gave an entirely new complexion to revolution, the Great October Socialist Revolution, Marxism-Leninism consistent crowned with success. the Chinese revolution"30 and "it has been the to closely integrate During and after Wor1d War II, the revolution ideological principle of our Party eninist theory with the practice of the Chinese triumphed in China thanks to the leadership of the Com- Marxist-tr munist Party of China with Chairman Mao as its leader; revolution."sl Mao Tsetung further expounded this funda- in some other countries, also under the leadership of Comrade his important inscription written for Marxist-Leninist parties, the revolution was victorious mental principle in 17 16 Japanese worker ..The friends: Japanese revolution will in society."34 To ensure that its political line is correct undoubtedly be victorious, provided the universal truth its organization consolidated, a proletarian party must of Marxism-Leninism and is really integrated with the con- uncompromising struggles against opportunism crete practice conduct of the Japanese revolution.,,32 and revisionism of every description, against the ideolo- A proletarian party should, in accordance with the gies of the bourgeoisie and all other exploiting classes' basic principles of Marxism-Leninism, use the Marxist- The struggle between Marxism-Leninism and revi- Leninist stand, viewpoints and methods to carry out deep- sionism, the struggle between the two lines in the inter- going investigations and study of the class relations in national communist movement, is a protracted one' For society, make concrete analyses of the present conditions more than a decade, the , the and the history of its own country and the characteristics Albanian Party of Labour and aII the genuine Marxist- of the revolution in that country, and solve the theoreticai Leninists of the world have together waged a resolute and practical problems of the revolution independently. ideological, theoretical and political struggle against It is necessary to learn from international experience, modern revisionism with Soviet revisionism as its centre which, however, should not be copied mechanically; a and have won great victories. But the struggle is by no proletarian party should creatively develop its own ex- rneans over. To keep on promoting the proletarian world perience in the light of the realities of its own country. revolution, the Marxist-Leninist parties and the revolu- Only thus can it guide the revolution to victory and con_ tionary people in various countries have an important tribute to the cause of the proletarian world revolution. task to fulfil, namely, to continue criticizing modern revi- To keep on integrating theory with practice, a pro_ sionism with Soviet revisionism as its centre and carry Ietarian party must maintain close ties with the masses, this struggle through to the end. go deep among them and adopt the method of leadership, The of the bourgeoisie and all other ex- "from the masses, to the rnasses,,,rl3 so that the party,s ploiting classes have long dominated society. The bour- correct line and principles can be translated does its utmost to influence, corrupt into mass -andgeoisie invariably action. At the same time it should be good at summing "corrode" the Communist Party ideologically by up experience and lessons, carry out criticism and self_ every means and through every channel, whether in criticism, persist in doing what is right and correct what developed capitalist countries or in economically back- is wrong in the interests of the people, and find out the ward countries; whether the status of the Communist laws of development through practice in struggle and Party is legal or not; whether before the seizure of politi- then use them to guide the practical struggle. cal power by the proletariat or after the establishment .,Opposition Comrade Mao Tsetung says: and struggle of the dictatorship of the proletariat' If a proletarian between ideas of different kinds constantly occur within party fails to wage resolute struggles against the inroads the Party; this is a reflection within the Farty of contra_ of bourgeois ideology, it cannot possibly maintain its dictions between classes and between the new and the old ideological, political and organizational independence and

18 will turn into an appendage of the bourgeoisie and its whole people". Khrushchov used to say that the Soviet ,,transformed. IJnion had been . . into a state of the whole peciple".36 Now Brezhnev and his ilk say that theirs is a i'soviet of the whole people"37 and that what they practise is "soviet democracy"' A1I this is humbug. ideology to defeat the reactionary bourgeois world out_ The Soviet, a great creation of the Russian prole- iook with the proletarian world outlook. tariat, embodied the fact that the working people were masters in their own house, and it was a glorious title' V. THE MODERN REVISIONISTS ARE RENEGADES However, the name "Soviet", like the name "Communist FROM THE REVOLUTIONARY FR.INCIPLES Party", can be used by or Mensheviks, by OF TI{E PAR.IS COMMUNE Marxist-Leninists or revisionists. What is decisive is not the name but the essence, not the form but the content' At the time when the proletariat and the revolution_ In the today, the name "Soviet" has not ary people of the world are marking the grand centenary changecl, nor has the name of the state, but the class con- of the Paris Commune, the Soviet revisionist renegade tent has changed completely. With its leadership usurped clique is putting ,,Ioyalty on an act, talking glibly about the Soviet revisionist renegade clique, the Soviet state to the principles by of the Commune,,r]5 sn6| making itseif is no longer an instrument with which the proletariat up as the successor to the paris Commune. It has no suppresses the bourgeoisie, but has become a tool with sense of shame at all. whichtherestoredbourgeoisiesuppressestheproletariat. What right have the Soviet revisionist renegades to The Soviet revisionist renegades have turned the Soviet talk about the Paris Commune ? It is these renegades who Union into a paradise for a handful of bureaucrat- have usurped the leadership party of the Soviet and monopoly-capitalists of a new type, a prison for the mil- state, and as a resutrt the Soviet state founded by Lenin lions of working people. This is the whole content of and defended by Stalin has changed its political colour. what they call a "soviet socialist state of the whole peo- It is they who have turned the dictatorship of the pro_ ple" and "soviet democracy". It is by no means the fact letariat into the dictatorship of the bourgeoisie and put that ,,the state of the whole people is a direct continuation social-imperialism and social- into force. This is of the state of the dictatorship of the proletariat",38 but gross betrayal of the revolutionary principles paris of the Brezhnev's line is a "direct continuation" of Commune. rather that Khrushchov's line. This is essentially why Brezhnev and From Khrushchov to Brezhnev, al1 have tried to mask his like are clinging desperately to the slogan of the "state their dictatorship of the bourgeoisie as the ,,state of the of the whole PeoPle".

21 Soviet revisionist renegade clique has now come out into Their frenzied opposition to violent proletarian rev_ the open and is playing the part of the priests saying ncentrated expression of the betrayal prayers for the exterminators. This is a monstrous insult principles of the Paris Commune by to the martyrs of the Paris Commune ! t renegade clique. Brezhnev and his The Soviet revisionist renegades try in a hundred ,,the company clamorously demand of leaders of the pro_ and one ways to justify counter-revolutionary violence, letariat to reduce violence to the minimum at every stage but they curse revolutionary violence with clenched of the struggle and empioy milder forms of compulsion;,; teeth. Under the rule of violence by imperialism and the they bleat that "armed struggle and civil war are accom- reactionaries, the working people suffer unending pain panied by colossal sacrifices and sufferings on the part and large numbers of them die every day, every hour. of the masses of the people, by destruction of the produc_ It is precisely to put an end to this man-eating system so tive forces, and by the annihilation of the best revolu_ as to free the people from exploitation and enslavement tionary cadres". To find a pretext for their fallacy of that the oppressed people carry out violent revolution. "peaceful transition", this group of renegades wantonly But the Soviet revisionist renegades level so many crim- distort history, even preaching that the paris Commune inal charges against the revolutionary armed forces and was "initially" an "almost completely bloodless revolu_ their revolutionary wars, making allegations about the tion".39 "sufferings of the people", the "annihilation of cadres" The revolution of the Paris Commune was from be_ and "destruction of the ", and so on and ginning to end a life-and-death fight between the proletar- so forth. Doesn't this logic of theirs mean that the first iat and the bourgeoisie, a struggle of violence between rev_ Iaw under heaven is for the imperialists and reaction- olution and counter-revolution. In less than six months aries to oppress and massacre the people, whereas it is before the Paris Commune uprising, the people of paris a hellish crime for the revolutionary people to take up had staged two armed uprisings, and both were bloodily arms and rise in resistance ? suppressed by the reactionaries. And in the battles fol- - The Soviet revisionist renegades want the people of lowing the Paris Commune uprising, tens of thousands of all countries to reduce revolutionary violence "to the workers and other working people laid down their lives. minimum", but they themselves keep on increasing ,,initial1y,, How can this revolution be described as an counter-revolutionary violence to the maximum. Indif- "almost completely bloodless revolution,,? Marx pointect ferent to the life or death of Soviet people, Brezhnev and out: "Working men's Paris, with its Cornrnune, will be his gang are going all out for militarism and the arms for ever celebrated as the glorious harbinger of a new race, spending more and more rubles on more and more society. Its martyrs are enshrined in the great heart of planes, guns, warships, guided missiles and nuclear the working class. Its exterrninators history has already weapons. It is by means of this monstrous apparatus of nailed to that eternal pillory from which all the prayers violence that these new tsars oppress the broad masses at of their priests will not avail to redeem them.,,1o The 23 home and maintain their colonial rule abroad, trying to bring a number of countries under their control. It is or "1aw1ess force", and the people should not make such this apparatus of violence that they are using as a revolution.a3 They also say that some people are for bargaining with U.S. imperialism, pushing power "frightened" by the phrase the dictatorship of the pro- Ietariat which is a "very- inappropriate" translation, politics and dividing spheres of influence. - The Soviet revisionist renegades want the revolution- and it is necessary to "make a really accurate translation" ary people to employ "milder forms of compulsion" in the future."a In order to maintain U.S. imperialist and against counter-revolution, while they themselves use the Japanese militarist rziolence and to oppose the Japanese most savage and brutal means to deal with the revolution- people making revolution, the Miyamoto clique even seeks ary people. help from the dictionary, falls back on semantics and May we ask: juggles with words. How modern revisionism has de- Is it a "milder" form when you send large numbers generated ideologically! of armed troops and police to suppress the people of dif- Cornrade Mao Tsetung points out: "The socialist sys- ferent national.ities in your country? tern will eventually replace the capitalist system; this is Is it a "milder" form when you station,large numbers an objective law independent of rnan's will."'*5 Khrush- of troops in some East European countries and the Mongo- chov, the arch-representative of modern revisionism, has lian People's Republic to impose a tight control over long been swept into the rubbish heap of history. Novot- them, and even carry out the military occupation in ny and Gomulka, who followed Khrushchov's revisionist Czechoslovakia, driving tanks into Prague? line, have also toppled in their turn. There can be no And is it a "milder" form when you engage in miii- doubt that whoever runs counter to the laws of history, tary expansion everywhere and insidiously conduct all betrays the revolutionary principles of the Paris Com- manner of subversive activities against other countries? mune and turns traitor to the proletarian revolution and What the Soviet revisionist renegades have done fully the dictatorship of the proletariat will come to no good shows that they not only oppose violent revolution but -end. use violence to oppose revolution. They put on benevo- Ient airs, but actually they are "the worst enernies of the workers wolvcs sheep's VI. PERSIST IN CONTINUING THE REVOLUTIO}{ - in clothing".al And there is a Miyamoto revisionist clique in Japan, UNDBR THE DICTATORSHIP OF TI{E which, too, zealously opposes violent revolution and the PROLETARIAT AND STRIVE FOR dictatorship of the proletariat and urges that it is "neces- STII,L GREATER VICTOR.IES sary to make every effort"a2 to take the parliamentary road. Racking their brains, they allege that according to Historical experience since the Paris Commune, and the dictionarv the word "violence" means "brute force" especially since the , shows that the capture of political power by the proletariat is not the

25 end but the beginning of the socialist revolution. To the proletarian revolution triumphantly to the end. In consolidate the dictatorship of the proletariat and prevenb China's Great Proletarian , Mao the restoration of capitalism, it is necessary to carry the Tsetung Thought and Chairman Mao's revolutionary line socialist revolution through to the end. are being integrated more and more deeply with the The world proletarian revolutionary movement has revolutionary practice of the people in their hundreds of gone through twists and turns on its road forward. When millions to become the greatest force in consolidating the capitalism was being restored in the homeland of the dictatorship of the proletariat. October Revolution, for a time it seemed doubtful Socialist society covers a considerably long historical whether the revolutionary principles of the Paris Com- period. Throughout this period, there are still classes, mune, the October Revoiution and the dictatorship of the class contradictions and class struggle. The struggle still proletariat were still valid. The imperialists and reac- focuses on the question of political power. The defeated tionaries were beside themselves with joy. They thought: class wiil still struggle; these people are still around and Since the Soviet Union has changed through "peaceful this class still exists. They will invariably seek their evolution", won't it be possible to overthrow the dicta- agents within the Communist Party for the purpose of torship of the proletariat in China in the same way? But, restoring capitalism. Therefore, the proletariat must not the salvoes of the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution only guard against enemies like Thiers and Bismarck who initiated and led by Chairman Mao himself have destroy- overthrew the revolutionary political power by force of ed the bourgeois headquarters headed by the renegade, arms; it must in particular guard against such careerists hidden traitor and scab Liu Shao-chi and exploded and scherners as Khrushchov and Brezhnev who usurped the imperialists' and modern revisionists' fond dream of party and state leadership from within. In order to con- restoring capitalism in China. solidate the dictatorship of the proletariat and prevent the Chairman Mao has comprehensively summed up the restoration of capitalism, the proletariat must carry out positive and negative aspects of the historical experience the socialist revolution not only on the economic front, of the dictatorship of the proletariat, inherited, defended but also on the political front and ideological and cultural and developed the Marxist-Leninist theory of the prole- front and exercise al1-round dictatorship over the bour- tarian revolution and the dictatorship of the proletariat, geoisie in the superstructure, including all spheres of advanced the great theory of continuing the revolution culture. It is essential to enable the Party members, the under the dictatorship of the proletariat and solved, in cadres and the masses to grasp the sharpest weapon, theory and practice, the most important question of our Marxism-Leninism, and to distinguish between the cor- time the question of consolidating the dictatorship of rect and erroneous lines, between genuine and sham the proletariat- and preventing the restoration of capital- Marxism, and between and idealism, so as to ism. Thus he has made a great new contribution to ensure that our Party and state will always advance along Marxism-Leninism and charted our course for carrying Chairman Mao's proletarian revolutionary line.

26 27 proletariat, the oppressed people and oppressed nations of Chairman Mao says: "The final victory of a socialist of stil1 greater victories. country not only requires the efforts of the proletariat the world for the seizure hundred years ago, Marx said of the Paris Com- and the broad masses of the people at home, but also in- A fate at Faris, it rmake le tour volves the victory of the world revolution and the aboli- mune: "\Mhatever . . . its will great prediction is more and tion of the systern of exploitation of rnan by man over d.u mond,e."4e This of Marx's past the whole globe, upon which all rnankind will be emanci- more becoming a glorious reality. Reviewing the increasing pated."z'e and looking into the future, we declare with imperialism, modern The revolutionary movement of the proletariat is conviction: The final destruction of inevitable, and so is the always international in character. Therefore, the victory revisionisrn and all reaction is proletariat, the oppressed of the proletarian revolution and the dictatorship of the complete emancipation of the proletariat calls for the realization of the great slogans: people and the oppressed nations! The lnternationale written by Eugene Pottier, the "Working men of all countries, unite!""7 and "'Workers Commune, is today reverberating and oppressed nations of the world, unite!""8 The prole- poet of the Paris bind tariat of the capitalist countries should support the through the world. "No more tradition's chain shall each stand in his place; The struggle for liberation of the colonial and semi-colonial lr.s." "We shali be aII." "Let be the human race!" Let the impe- peoples, the people of the colonies and semi-colonies Internationale shall and reactionaries tremble should support that of the proletariat of the capitalist rialists, social-imperialists all great storim of the world people's revolution! "The countries, and the people who have triumphed in their in the proletarians have nothing to lose but their chains. They own revolution should help the people who are still fight- to win."5o ing for liberation. This is the principle of proletarian in- have a world ternationalism. The Chinese revolution is part of the world revolu- tion. The revolutionary cause of the Chinese people is NOTES closely bound up with that of the other peoples of the lEngels, Greetings to the French Workers or-t always regard the revolutionary struggles of "Message of world. We the 21st Anniversary of the Paris Cornmune", Mart and, Engels, the people of other countries as our own and as helping Collected Worlcs, Chinese ed., Vol. 22, p. 331. the Chinese people. We should learn from other revolu- 2 Marx, "Resolutions of the Meeting in Honour of the First Marr and Engels, Collected, peoples, firmiy support their struggles and fuifil Anniversary of the Paris Cornmune", tionary Works, Chinese ed., VoI. 18, p. 61. our bounden duty. We should carry forward the prole- 3 Marx, "The Record of a Speech on the Paris Commune", tarian internationalist spirit, further strengthen our mil- Marr. and. Engels, Collected' Works, Chinese ed., VoI. L7, p. 677. itant unity with all genuine Marxist-Leninist parties and 4 Marx, "The Civil War in France", Marr and Engels, Collected Vol. 17, 355, organizations, and strengthen our militant unity with the Works, Chinesc ed., P. 29 5 Marx, "The Civil War irr France", Mart and Engels, Collecteil 22l-enin, "Preface to the Russian Translation of the Letters Works, Chinese ed., VoL 17, p. 360. of K. Marx to L. Kugelmann", Col,lected, Works, Chinese ed., Marx, "To L. Kugelmann", April 72, t8?l, Maru, Engels, Lenin Vol. 12, p. 101. and Stali,n on the Paris Commzne, second Chinese ed., People's 2s instruction on Correct Attitude p. Chairman Mao's "The Publishing House, 1971, 215. Marxists Should Take Towards the Revolutionary Mass Move- 6 Marx, "On the Seventh Anniversary of the International", ment", August 15, 1959, where he quotes Lenin's "A Great Begin- Mart and Engels, Collected Works, Chinese ed., Vol. 17, p. 468. ning" and "Fourth Anniversary of the October Revolution", Lenin, 7 rbid. Collected, Works, Chinese ed., Vol. 29, p. 386 and VoL 33, p. 35. 8 Marx, "The Civil War in France", Marx and Engels, Collected, 2" See note 17. Works, Chinese ed., Vol. 17, p. 358. 25Mao Tsetung, "Get organized!", Selected Worlts, Chinese e Lenin, "", Collected Works, Chinese ed., Vol. 3, p. 936. ed., VoL 25, p. 389. 26 From "Absorb Proletarian Fresh Blood", editorial of the journal 10 Lenin, "First Congress of the ", Hongqi (Red Flag), No. 4, 1968. Collected Works, Chinese ed., Vol. 28, p. 443. 27Mao Tsetullg, "On Coalition Govelnment", Selected' Works, p. 1097. 11 Mao Tsetung, "The Present Situation and Our Tasks", Chinese ed., VoI. 3, 28 Selected Works, Chinese ed., Vol. 4, p. 1260. Marx and Engels, "Resolutions of the General Congress of the International Working Men's Association HeId at The Hague", 12 Marx and Engels, "To the Chairman of the Slavonic Meeting Marr amd Engels, Collected Works, Chinese ed., Vol. 18, p. 165. in London in Celebration of the Anniversary of the Paris Com- 2e Forces the Unite, mune", Marr ancl Engels, Collected Works, Chinese ed., Vol. 19, Mao Tsetung, "Revolutionary of World Aggression!", Selected Works, Chinese p. 271. Fight Against Imperialist ed., VoI. 4, p. 1360. 13 L,enin, "The State and Revoluti on" Collected, Works, , Chinese 30Mao Tsetung, "Reform Our Study", Selected. Works, Chinese ed., Vol. 25, p. 436. ed., Vol. 3, p. 795. 1/-Engels, "On Authority", Marr and Engels, Collected, Works, 31 Mao Tsetung, "Opening Address at the Eighth National Chinese ed., Vol. 18, p. 344. Congress of the Communist Party of China", September 15, 1956. 15Mao Tsetung, "Problems of War and Strategy", Sel,ected 32 Chairman Mao's irnportant inscription for Japanese worker Works, Chinese ed., Vol. 2, p. 535. friends, September 18, 1962, Renrnin Ribao (People's Dailil, 1c rbid. September 18, 1968. 17 Mao Tsetung, People of the World. Ilnite and Def eat the 33 Mao Tsetung, "Some Questions Concerning Methods of U.S. Aggressors and, All Their Running DogsJ, May 20, 1970. Leadership", Selected, Works, Chinese ed., VoL 3, p. 901. 3aMao 18 Lin Piao, Long Lirse the Victorg of People's War!, September Tsetung, "On Contradiction", Selecteil Works, Chinese 3, 1965. ed., VoI. 7, p. 294. le Lenin, "The Agrarian Programme of Social-Democracy in 35 "The Paris Commune and the Present", article in Soviet Kommuni.st, 2, 1971. the ", Collected Works, Chinese ed., Vol. 15, revisionist No. p.152. 36 N. S, Khrushchov's report on the "Programme of the Congress", October 18, 20 Lenin, "The State and Revolution", Collected Works, Chinese C.P.S.U." at the Soviet revisionist "22nd ed., Vol. 25, p. 401. 1961. 37 L. I. Brezhnev's report at the meeting in "comrnemoration" 21 Marx, L. Kugelmann", April 12, 1971-, Marr, Engels, "To of the centenary of Lenin's birth, April 21, 1970. Lenin and Stalin on the Paris Commtr.me, second ed., Chinese 38 People's Publishing House, 1971, p. 215. "The State of the Whole PeopJ.e and Democracy", article in tlre Soviet revisionist Pratsd.a, June 7, 1970. 30 31 3e Sinister anti-China book compiled by F. Konstantinov and others, Russian ed., the "Mys1" Publishing House, U.S.S.R., published in August 1970, pp. 119-120.

"0 Marx, "The Civil War in France", NIart and Engels, Col- lected, Works, Chinese ed., VoI. 17, p. 384. at Engels, "Preface to the Seconr1 German Edition of 'The Condition of the Working Class in England', 1892", Marx and Engeis, Col,lected" Works, Chinese ed., Vol. 22, p. 373.

"2 Sanzo Nosaka's talk, Akahat&, January 3, 1g?1. aJ Korehito Kurahara's speech at a Japanese revisionists' meeting in "comr-nemoration" of the centenary of Lenin,s lcirth, Akohala, April 2, 1970. aa l{enji Miyamoto's speech at a meeting convened by the Japanese revisionist Kyoto committee, Akahata, March 20, 7970. 4'i Mao Tsetung, "speech at the Meeting of the Supreme Soviet of the U.S.S.R. in Celebration of the 40th Anniversary of the Great October Socialist Revolution", November 6, 1957. From Comrade Lin Piao's "G report to the Ninth National Congress of the Communist Farty of China. 47 Marx and Engeis, Mani,festo of the Communist Partg, Chinese ed., People's Publishing House, 1964, p. 58. 1'8 Lenin, "speech at the Meeting of Activists of the Moscow Organizations of the R.C.P.(B.)", Collected Works, Chinese ed., Vo1. 31, p. 412. 4e Marx, "The First Draft of 'The Civil War in France, ,,_ Marr. and, Engels, Collected, Warlts, Chinese ed., VoI. 17, p. 5BZ. 50 See note 47.

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