Alfred Beit. Hamburger Und Diamantenkönig

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Alfred Beit. Hamburger Und Diamantenkönig HWS_SU_Beit_25.1.11_END.qxd 25.01.2011 22:47 Uhr Seite 1 Aus der Reihe „Mäzene für Wissen- Ein Finanzgenie hat man Alfred schaft“ sind bisher erschienen: Beit (1853–1906) genannt. Als er 1875 nach Südafrika geht, ahnt Band 1 niemand, dass der Sohn konver- Die Begründer der Hamburgischen tierter Hamburger Juden schon Wissenschaftlichen Stiftung bald einer der reichsten Männer seiner Zeit sein wird – durch die Band 2 Diamanten von Kimberley und Sophie Christine und Carl Heinrich das Gold vom Witwatersrand. Laeisz. Eine biographische Als Mitbegründer von De Beers Annäherung an die Zeiten und Ltd. und als enger Freund von Ce- Themen ihres Lebens cil Rhodes – dem charismatischen Band 3 Motor des britischen Imperialis- Eduard Lorenz Lorenz-Meyer. mus im südlichen Afrika – wird er Ein Hamburger Kaufmann und zu einem der kolonialen Väter Künstler von Rhodesien. Seit 1898 briti- scher Staatsbürger, versucht er in Band 4 den aufkeimenden Konflikten Hermann Franz Matthias zwischen Kaiserreich und Empire Mutzenbecher. Ein Hamburger politisch zu vermitteln – erfolg- Versicherungsunternehmer los. Band 5 Selbst Kunstsammler ersten Ran- Die Brüder Augustus Friedrich ges, hat Alfred Beit zahllose ge- und Gustav Adolph Vorwerk. meinnützige Einrichtungen groß- Zwei Hamburger Kaufleute zügig unterstützt, an allen Sta- tionen seines Lebens. Auch die Band 6 Hamburgische Wissenschaftliche Albert Ballin Stiftung verdankt ihre Gründung Band 7 einer seiner spektakulären Schen- Ernst Friedrich Sieveking. kungen. Beits Testament übergab Erster Präsident des Hanseatischen sein Vermögen einem Trust, der Oberlandesgerichts bereits seit 1906 Entwicklungshil- feprojekte finanziert. Band 8 Die erste umfassende Biographie Franz Bach. Architekt und dieses außergewöhnlichen Kauf- Unternehmer Alfred Beit manns, Kunstsammlers und in- Band 9 ternational wirkenden Philan- Alfred Beit. Hamburger und thropen. Diamantenkönig Alfred Beit: Hamburger und Diamantenkönig Hamburger Beit: Alfred Hamburger und Diamantenkönig Alfred Beit Hamburger und Diamantenkönig von Henning Albrecht Mäzene für Wissenschaft hg. von Ekkehard Nümann Gefördert von der ZEIT-Stiftung Ebelin und Gerd Bucerius Gefördert von der Ferdinand Beit-Stiftung Den Familien gewidmet, die durch ihre hochherzigen Stiftungen vor 108 Jahren die Gründung der Hamburgischen Wissenschaftlichen Stiftung ermöglicht und den Grundstein dafür gelegt haben, dass die Stiftung auch heute noch Forschung, Lehre und Bildung fördern kann. Inhalt Vorwort des Herausgebers . S. 3 1. Quellenlage . S. 4 2. Der Familien- und Firmengründer Georg Friedrich Vorwerk . S. 6 3. Zur Kindheit und Jugend der Vorwerk-Brüder . S. 15 4. Eine Reise von Augustus Friedrich nach Nordamerika und Kuba . S. 23 5. Die Firmen in Chile und Hamburg . S. 28 6. Friedrich, Adolph und deren Ehefrauen in den Erinnerungen dreier Enkel . S. 44 7. „Villa Josepha“ und „Haupthaus“ . S. 54 8. Gustav Adolph als Bau- und Gartengestalter . S. 60 9. Entwicklungen nach dem Tod der Brüder . S. 67 10. Anhänge . S. 70 11. Literatur . S. 72 12. Namensregister . S. 74 Inhalt Vorwort des Herausgebers . 4 Vorwort . 5 1. Prolog . 8 2. Die Beits in Hamburg . 10 Nach Hamburg . 10 Familie Beit . 12 Ein hoffnungsloser Fall – Schule, Militär- und Lehrzeit . 19 3. Alfred Beit in Südafrika . 25 4. Beit, Cecil Rhodes und de Beers . 42 5. Beit und das Empire . 56 6. Der „Randlord“ . 66 7. Das Gold und die Politik . 75 8. Zwischen Empire und Reich . 87 9. Beit in London . 93 Kunstsammler . 93 Internationaler Stifter . 103 10. Die Hamburger Universität . 113 11. Beits Vermächtnis . 123 12. Epilog . 136 13. Anhänge . 139 Stammtafel (Auszug) . 139 Alfred Beits Lebensdaten im Überblick . 140 14. Quellen, Literatur und Bildnachweis . 141 15. Namensregister . 147 | 3 | Vorwort des Herausgebers Im Jahr 2007 feierte die Hamburgische Wissenschaftliche Stiftung ihr 100- jähriges Jubiläum. Der vorliegende neunte Band ist Teil der zu diesem An- lass ins Leben gerufenen Schriftenreihe „Mäzene für Wissenschaft“. In ihr wird die Geschichte der Stiftung dargestellt; außerdem werden Stifterper- sönlichkeiten und Kuratoriumsmitglieder in Einzelbänden gewürdigt. Die Absicht, diese Reihe herauszugeben, entspricht dem dankbaren Gefühl den Personen gegenüber, die vor mehr als 100 Jahren den Mut hatten, die Stiftung zur Förderung der Wissenschaften in Hamburg zu gründen und erreichten, dass Hamburg eine Universität erhielt. Verknüpft damit ist die Hoffnung und Erwartung, dass nachfolgende Generationen sich hieran ein Beispiel nehmen mögen. Dieser Hoffnung haben die ZEIT-Stiftung Ebelin und Gerd Bucerius und die Ferdinand Beit-Stiftung in hochherziger Weise entsprochen, wofür wir ihnen zu großem Dank verpflichtet sind. Ekkehard Nümann | 4 | Vorwort Die Hamburgische Wissenschaftliche Stiftung und das Institut für die Ge- schichte der deutschen Juden sind seit bald einem halben Jahrhundert eng miteinander verbunden – und Ausdruck dieser Verbundenheit ist nicht zu- letzt das jahrzehntelange Domizil des Instituts in der Rothenbaumchaus- see 7, ein Gebäude, das Alfred Beit in den neunziger Jahren des vorvergan- genen Jahrhunderts im Stilpluralismus der wilhelminischen Ära hatte errichten lassen. Als sich eine Gruppe Hamburger Honoratioren zu Beginn der 1960er Jahre für die Gründung eines Instituts zur Erforschung der deutsch-jüdischen Ge- schichte engagierte, nahmen ihre Pläne erst dann konkrete Gestalt an, als sich die Hamburgische Wissenschaftliche Stiftung bereit erklärte, vorüber- gehend die Treuhänderschaft einer solchen Einrichtung zu übernehmen. Nach einigen Turbulenzen erfolgte im November 1964 schließlich die Gründung das Institut für die Geschichte der deutschen Juden, das ein hal- bes Jahr später auch die passenden Räume beziehen konnte: Die Hambur- gische Wissenschaftliche Stiftung hatte sie in der Rothenbaumchaussee 7 zur Verfügung gestellt, in einem Gebäude, das nach Alfred Beits Tod im Jahre 1906 zunächst in den Besitz seines jüngsten Bruders Otto Beit übergegan- gen und von diesem in den 1920er Jahren der Stiftung übereignet worden war. Beides, sowohl die Übergabe des Hauses an die Hamburgische Wissen- schaftliche Stiftung als auch die Teilnutzung durch ein Forschungsinstitut wären vermutlich ganz im Sinne von Alfred Beit gewesen, der, wie nun in der eindrucksvollen Biographie von Henning Albrecht nachzulesen ist, ne- ben seinen zahlreichen internationalen Aktivitäten zeitlebens auch seiner Vaterstadt als großer Mäzen verbunden blieb. Alfred Beit war kein Jude. Schon seine Eltern hatten sich kurz nach der Hochzeit taufen lassen. Dennoch, oder besser: gerade deshalb ist seine Geschichte so typisch für das kaufmännische Hamburger Bürgertum, wo | 5 | jüdische, ehemals jüdische und protestantische Familien in einem engen Netzwerk miteinander verbunden lebten. Diese Lebenswelt wissenschaft- lich zu erforschen, aber auch an ihre Zerstörung zu erinnern, so lautete der Gründungsauftag des Instituts für die Geschichte der deutschen Juden. Und so freut es uns besonders, dass nun die Hamburgische Wissenschaftliche Stif- tung mit einer biographischen Reihe zu ihren Gründervätern einen wei- teren Baustein zu dieser Geschichte beiträgt. Prof. Dr. Stefanie Schüler-Springorum Direktorin des Zentrums für Antisemitismusforschung, Berlin, vormals Direktorin des Instituts für die Geschichte der deutschen Juden, Hamburg | 6 | Alfred Beit (1853‒1906) | 7 | [1] Prolog Macht man in Hamburg einen Spazier- bürgerschaft an und lebte in London. Im gang um die Alster, verlässt das Gewässer am ausgehenden 19. Jahrhundert war er einer Fährdamm und steigt dann über den Pösel- der einflussreichsten Männer in Südafrika dorfer Weg in den noblen Hamburger und Rhodesien; er gab staunenswerte Sum- Stadtteil Harvestehude hinauf, so stößt man men für wohltätige Zwecke aus, und zwar zur Rechten auf eine kleine, unansehnliche an allen drei seiner Lebensorte, in Ham- Seitenstraße, den Alfred-Beit-Weg. Etwa 50 burg, in London und vor allem im südlichen Meter lang, linker Hand die Rückseite einer Afrika. Dort haben ihm seine wohltätigen Schule, keine Bauten zur Straße hin – eine Stiftungen, insbesondere zum Aufbau der Sackgasse mit Wendehammer. Wer geehrt Infrastruktur und des Bildungssystems, blei- wurde, indem man dieser Straße seinen Na- bendes Andenken gesichert, und dort arbei- men gab, sitzt am Katzentisch der Erinne- tet noch heute eine Organisation, die er rungskultur. durch sein Testament begründet hat: der ··································································· „Beit-Trust“. Und doch ist dieser Weg auf eigentümliche ··································································· Weise seinem Namensgeber angemessen, In seiner Heimatstadt Hamburg war Alfred hat der es doch Zeit seines Lebens vorgezo- Beit unter den ersten, die sich 1905 bereit er- gen, sich nicht in den Vordergrund zu spie- klärten, den Plan zur Gründung einer Uni- len und das Rampenlicht der Öffentlich- versität finanziell zu unterstützen. Und nicht keit, so weit es ging, gemieden. Dabei galt nur das. Er gab 1906 mit großer Freude eine Alfred Beit als einer der reichsten Männer ungewöhnlich hohe Summe, die auch für seiner Zeit. Und geboren wurde er, vor nun heutige Verhältnisse noch beeindruckend fast 150 Jahren, nur eine Straße von hier ent- ist, stellt man sie in Relation. fernt, am Mittelweg. ··································································· ··································································· Durch seinen frühen Tod noch im selben Beit, Sohn einer fast vergessenen Hambur- Jahr geriet Beit jedoch bald in Vergessenheit,
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