Afghanistan – Die Internationale Dr
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Afghanistan: Background and U.S. Policy
Afghanistan: Background and U.S. Policy July 18, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45818 SUMMARY R45818 Afghanistan: Background and U.S. Policy July 18, 2019 Afghanistan has been a significant U.S. foreign policy concern since 2001, when the United States, in response to the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, led a military Clayton Thomas campaign against Al Qaeda and the Taliban government that harbored and supported it. Analyst in Middle Eastern In the intervening 18 years, the United States has suffered approximately 2,400 military Affairs fatalities in Afghanistan, with the cost of military operations reaching nearly $750 billion. Congress has appropriated approximately $133 billion for reconstruction. In that time, an elected Afghan government has replaced the Taliban, and most measures of human development have improved, although Afghanistan’s future prospects remain mixed in light of the country’s ongoing violent conflict and political contention. Topics covered in this report include: Security dynamics. U.S. and Afghan forces, along with international partners, combat a Taliban insurgency that is, by many measures, in a stronger military position now than at any point since 2001. Many observers assess that a full-scale U.S. withdrawal would lead to the collapse of the Afghan government and perhaps even the reestablishment of Taliban control over most of the country. Taliban insurgents operate alongside, and in periodic competition with, an array of other armed groups, including regional affiliates of Al Qaeda (a longtime Taliban ally) and the Islamic State (a Taliban foe and increasing focus of U.S. policy). U.S. -
Taliban Fragmentation FACT, FICTION, and FUTURE by Andrew Watkins
PEACEWORKS Taliban Fragmentation FACT, FICTION, AND FUTURE By Andrew Watkins NO. 160 | MARCH 2020 Making Peace Possible NO. 160 | MARCH 2020 ABOUT THE REPORT This report examines the phenomenon of insurgent fragmentation within Afghanistan’s Tali- ban and implications for the Afghan peace process. This study, which the author undertook PEACE PROCESSES as an independent researcher supported by the Asia Center at the US Institute of Peace, is based on a survey of the academic literature on insurgency, civil war, and negotiated peace, as well as on interviews the author conducted in Afghanistan in 2019 and 2020. ABOUT THE AUTHOR Andrew Watkins has worked in more than ten provinces of Afghanistan, most recently as a political affairs officer with the United Nations. He has also worked as an indepen- dent researcher, a conflict analyst and adviser to the humanitarian community, and a liaison based with Afghan security forces. Cover photo: A soldier walks among a group of alleged Taliban fighters at a National Directorate of Security facility in Faizabad in September 2019. The status of prisoners will be a critical issue in future negotiations with the Taliban. (Photo by Jim Huylebroek/New York Times) The views expressed in this report are those of the author alone. They do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Institute of Peace. An online edition of this and related reports can be found on our website (www.usip.org), together with additional information on the subject. © 2020 by the United States Institute of Peace United States Institute of Peace 2301 Constitution Avenue NW Washington, DC 20037 Phone: 202.457.1700 Fax: 202.429.6063 E-mail: [email protected] Web: www.usip.org Peaceworks No. -
Considering Inequality, Poverty and Lack of Democracy Through the ‘Rentier State’ Lens
Kate Clark The Cost of Support to Afghanistan: Considering inequality, poverty and lack of democracy through the ‘rentier state’ lens Afghanistan Analysts Network, Special Report, May 2020 2 Clark: The Cost of Support to Afghanistan 1. INTRODUctiON In 2001, the Bonn Agreement produced a blueprint for a new, post-Taleban Afghanistan that would have a “broad-based, gender-sensitive, multi-ethnic and fully representative government.”1 The 2004 constitution fleshed this out with its vision of Afghanistan as a democracy with centralised decision-making, strong institutions and checks and balances.2 Also in 2001, the United States decided to fund Afghan forces to topple the Taleban. Along with other countries, it followed this up with the deployment of troops and large amounts of aid. International aid and spending by foreign armies quickly became Afghanistan’s main sources of income, providing the bulk of its GDP and government revenues. Both are classed by economists as ‘rent’ because, like money paid to a landlord, they are not gained through work or effort. Afghanistan has received such colossal amounts of rent since 2001 that economists categorise it as a ‘rentier state’, one dependent on unearned foreign income. The rent flowing into Afghanistan has proven far more influential in shaping its economy, and political institutions and culture than the top-down plans laid out at Bonn and in the constitution. Indeed, the political system that developed since the fall of the Taleban has run counter to the ‘Bonn vision’; elections have barely any democratic element and citizens can only dream of holding those in power to account. -
Pakistan's Foreign Policy Between India and Afghanistan
THEMENSCHWERPUNKT | Wagner, Pakistan’s Foreign Policy between India and Afghanistan Merkel, Angela 2010: Regierungserklärung zum Afghanistan Piiparinen, Touko 2007: A Clash of Mindsets? An Insider’s Ac Konzept der Bundesregierung von Bundeskanzlerin Merkel count of Provincial Reconstruction Teams. In: International vom 28. 1.2010. Stenografische Mitschrift des Deutschen Bun Peacekeeping (1): 143 – 157. destages. Online verfügbar: http://www.bundesregierung.de/ Preuß, HansJoachim 2008: Zivilmilitärische Zusammenarbeit Content/DE/Regierungserklaerung/2010/20100128merkel in Afghanistan. Eine Zwischenbilanz. In. Zeitschrift für Außen erklaerungafghanistan.html. und Sicherheitspolitik (1): 2635. Mohrmann, Günter 2009: Auslandseinsätze und zivilmilitä Raschke, Thomas/Tils, Ralf 2007: Politische Strategie. Eine rische Zusammenarbeit. Herausforderungen – Entwicklungs Grundlegung. Wiesbaden. linien – Wirkungen – Perspektiven. In: Jaberg, Sabine/Biehl, Schröter, Leonie 2010: Der Ressortkreis Zivile Krisenpräventi Heiko/Mohrmann, Günter/Tomforde, Maren (Hrsg.) 2009: on. Untersuchung einer interministeriellen Zusammenarbeit Auslandseinsätze der Bundeswehr. Sozialwissenschaftliche innerhalb der deutschen Außen und Sicherheitspolitik. Ma gisterarbeit Universität Münster. Analysen, Diagnosen und Perspektiven. Berlin: 93119. Verband Entwicklungspolitik Deutscher Nichtregierungsorga Münch, Philipp 2008: Freund oder Feind? Sicherheitsbedro nisationen (VENRO) 2009: Fünf Jahre deutsche PRTs in Afgha hungen bei deutschen Auslandseinsätzen -
Comparative Constitutional Law SPRING 2012
Comparative Constitutional Law SPRING 2012 PROFESSOR STEPHEN J. SCHNABLY Office: G472 http://osaka.law.miami.edu/~schnably/courses.html Tel.: 305-284-4817 E-mail: [email protected] SUPPLEMENTARY READINGS: TABLE OF CONTENTS Reference re Secession of Quebec, [1998] 2 S.C.R. 217 .................................................................1 Supreme Court Act, R.S.C., 1985, c. S-26. An Act respecting the Supreme Court of Canada................................................................................................................................11 INS v. Chadha, 462 U.S. 919 (1983) .............................................................................................12 Kenya Timeline..............................................................................................................................20 Laurence Juma, Ethnic Politics and the Constitutional Review Process in Kenya, 9 Tulsa J. Comp. & Int’l L. 471 (2002) ..........................................................................................23 Mary L. Dudziak, Working Toward Democracy: Thurgood Marshall and the Constitution of Kenya, 56 Duke L.J. 721 (2006)....................................................................................26 Laurence Juma, Ethnic Politics and the Constitutional Review Process in Kenya, 9 Tulsa J. Comp. & Int’l L. 471 (2002) .......................................................................................34 Migai Akech, Abuse of Power and Corruption in Kenya: Will the New Constitution Enhance Government -
The Politics of Disarmament and Rearmament in Afghanistan
[PEACEW RKS [ THE POLITICS OF DISARMAMENT AND REARMAMENT IN AFGHANISTAN Deedee Derksen ABOUT THE REPORT This report examines why internationally funded programs to disarm, demobilize, and reintegrate militias since 2001 have not made Afghanistan more secure and why its society has instead become more militarized. Supported by the United States Institute of Peace (USIP) as part of its broader program of study on the intersection of political, economic, and conflict dynamics in Afghanistan, the report is based on some 250 interviews with Afghan and Western officials, tribal leaders, villagers, Afghan National Security Force and militia commanders, and insurgent commanders and fighters, conducted primarily between 2011 and 2014. ABOUT THE AUTHOR Deedee Derksen has conducted research into Afghan militias since 2006. A former correspondent for the Dutch newspaper de Volkskrant, she has since 2011 pursued a PhD on the politics of disarmament and rearmament of militias at the War Studies Department of King’s College London. She is grateful to Patricia Gossman, Anatol Lieven, Mike Martin, Joanna Nathan, Scott Smith, and several anonymous reviewers for their comments and to everyone who agreed to be interviewed or helped in other ways. Cover photo: Former Taliban fighters line up to handover their rifles to the Government of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan during a reintegration ceremony at the pro- vincial governor’s compound. (U.S. Navy photo by Lt. j. g. Joe Painter/RELEASED). Defense video and imagery dis- tribution system. The views expressed in this report are those of the author alone. They do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Institute of Peace. -
Pakistan Security Situation
EASO Pakistan Security Situation Country of Origin Information Report October 2020 More information on the European Union is available on the Internet (http://europa.eu). EN PDF/Volume_01 ISBN: 978-92-9485-683-8 doi: 10.2847/737033 BZ-02-20-905-EN-N © European Asylum Support Office, 2020 Cover photo: © PSSP Lahore, Pakistan 2013 url CC BY 2.0 Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. For any use or reproduction of photos or other material that is not under the EASO copyright, permission must be sought directly from the copyright holders. Country of origin information report | Pakistan: Security Situation Acknowledgements EASO acknowledges as the drafter of this report: Belgium, Centre for Documentation and Research (Cedoca) in the Office of the Commissioner General for Refugees and Stateless Person The following departments and organisations have reviewed the report: Austria, Federal Office for Immigration and Asylum, Country of Origin Information Department Poland, Country of Origin Information Unit, Department for Refugee Procedures, Office for Foreigners ACCORD – Austrian Centre for Country of Origin and Asylum Research and Documentation It must be noted that the review carried out by the mentioned departments, experts or organisations contributes to the overall quality of the report, but does not necessarily imply their formal endorsement of the final report, which is the full responsibility of EASO. 3 Country of origin information report | Pakistan: Security Situation Contents Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................................ -
Gericht Entscheidungsdatum Geschäftszahl Spruch Text
09.12.2013 Gericht Asylgerichtshof Entscheidungsdatum 09.12.2013 Geschäftszahl E13 430762-2/2013 Spruch E13 430.762-2/2013-5E IM NAMEN DER REPUBLIK! Der Asylgerichtshof hat durch den Richter Dr. Steininger, als Vorsitzenden und der Richterin Dr. Zopf, als Beisitzerin ¿ber die Beschwerde des XXXX, geb. XXXX, StA. der Islamischen Republik Pakistan, gegen den Bescheid des Bundesasylamtes vom 13.11.2013, Zl. 12 14.700-BAI, nach nicht ¿ffentlicher Beratung zu Recht erkannt: Die Beschwerde wird gem¿¿ ¿¿ 3, 8 Abs 1 Z 1, 10 Abs 1 Z 2 AsylG 2005 BGBl I 2005/100 idgF als unbegr¿ndet abgewiesen. Text E n t s c h e i d u n g s g r ¿ n d e : I. Der Asylgerichtshof nimmt den nachfolgenden Sachverhalt als erwiesen an: I.1. Bisheriger Verfahrenshergang I.1.1. Die beschwerdef¿hrende Partei (in weiterer Folge kurz als "bP" bezeichnet), ein m¿nnlicher Staatsangeh¿riger der Islamischen Republik Pakistan (in weiterer Folge "Pakistan" genannt), brachte am 13.10.2013 beim Bundesasylamt (BAA) einen Antrag auf internationalen Schutz ein. Als Begr¿ndung f¿r das Verlassen des Herkunftsstaates brachte die bP im Verfahren vor der belangten Beh¿rde im Wesentlichen vor, dass es aufgrund einer Familienfehde mit der Familie der Freundin des Bruders zu einem Angriff auf die Familie des BF gekommen sei, in deren Zuge sechs Familienmitglieder get¿tet wurden. Der Antrag der bP auf internationalen Schutz wurde folglich mit Bescheid des BAA vom 6.11.2012, Zl. 12 14.700-BAT gem¿¿ ¿ 3 Abs 1 AsylG 2005 abgewiesen und der Status eines Asylberechtigten nicht zuerkannt (Spruchpunkt I.). -
Czech Parliament Sanctions More Troops in Afghanistan
Eye on the News [email protected] Truthful, Factual and Unbiased Vol:XI Issue No:302 Price: Afs.20 www.afghanistantimes.af www.facebook.com/ afghanistantimeswww.twitter.com/ afghanistantimes SATURDAY . JUNE 02. 2018 -Jawza 12, 1397 HS AT Monitoring Desk KABUL: NATO’s Secretary ABUL: Former President Hamid Karzai met with General Jens Stoltenberg has said Huseyin Avni Botsali, ambassador of Organization of the alliance can benefit from Islamic Cooperation (OIC), in his office. The two sides AT News Report negotiations intensified and levels position regarding negotiation off the stage.” Columbia’s expertise in the Afghan discussed the Afghan peace process and the role of OIC. of violence decreased by 30 repeated several times and it is not “A number of channels of peace process as the Latin percent. “I call this talking and hidden and covert.” dialogue have opened up between American country became a new KABUL: U.S. top commander in fighting. We’ve seen this in other However, Nicholson insisted the various stakeholders in the ally to the organization. Addressing Afghanistan Gen. John Nicholson conflicts, such as Colombia, where that clandestine dialogue were peace process,” continued a press conference in Brussels, revealed on Wednesday some the two sides were talking about taking momentum with the Taliban Nicholson, who said names were Stoltenberg said he appreciates secret talks were undergoing peace at the same time that they although they had not yet formally kept confidential to improve the what Columbia has achieved between Taliban factions and the were fighting each other on the responded to President Ashraf chances of reaching official through peace process and the Afghan government to broker a battlefield,” he said. -
Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
GOVERNMENT OF KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Qabail Led Community Support Project (QLCSP) Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Public Disclosure Authorized December 21, 2019 To be executed By Planning & Development Department (GoKP) Through Public Disclosure Authorized Directorate of Projects under the Merged Areas Secretariat (MAS) EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Introduction The Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (GoKP), through Directorate of Projects Planning & Development Department (DP&DD), intends to implement “Qabail Led Community Support Program (QLCSP”) in Khyber district of merged areas (MA) – the erstwhile Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA)1 – and Peshawar and Nowshera districts of KP with the proposed assistance of the World Bank (WB).2 This Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) has been prepared to meet requirements of national legislation of Pakistan and World Bank environmental and social policy requirements to address potential negative impacts from the proposed project. Project Overview Background The Central Asia-South Asia Electricity Transmission and Trade Project (CASA1000) aims to facilitate electricity trade between Central Asia and countries in South Asia by putting in place transmission infrastructure. As part of CASA1000 project, each participating country3 is implementing Community Support Programs (CSPs) to share the benefits associated with the project and to generate support among local communities. Project Area In Pakistan, the CASA1000 transmission line (TL) will pass through approximately 100 kilometer long territory passing through various parts of KP province. The project area accordingly lies in/includes Peshawar and Nowshera districts and Khyber district4 of merged areas (MA). Project Components The Project has four components as briefly described below; and its Project Development Objective (PDO) is “improve access to local infrastructure and strengthen community engagement in the project areas”. -
Taking Stock of Taliban Perspectives on Peace
Taking Stock of the Taliban’s Perspectives on Peace Asia Report N°311 | 11 August 2020 Headquarters International Crisis Group Avenue Louise 235 • 1050 Brussels, Belgium Tel: +32 2 502 90 38 • Fax: +32 2 502 50 38 [email protected] Preventing War. Shaping Peace. Table of Contents Executive Summary ................................................................................................................... i I. Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 1 II. Fundamental Taliban Perspectives on Peace ................................................................... 4 A. Foreign Influence and Its Implications ..................................................................... 4 B. History, Honour and Legitimacy ............................................................................... 6 C. Toward an Islamic System ......................................................................................... 7 III. The U.S.-Taliban Agreement as a Stage Setter for Peace Talks ....................................... 9 IV. Signs of a Rhetorical Shift? .............................................................................................. 13 A. The Haqqani Op-Ed ................................................................................................... 16 B. Mullah Fazl’s Audiotape ............................................................................................ 17 C. No Spring Offensive Announcement ........................................................................ -
Afghanistan Factor in the Trilateral Relations of the United States, Pakistan and China (2008-2016)
AFGHANISTAN FACTOR IN THE TRILATERAL RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, PAKISTAN AND CHINA (2008-2016) By SAIMA PARVEEN Reg. No.12-AU-M.PHIL-P/SCI-F-4 Ph. D (Political Science) SUPERVISOR Prof. Dr. JEHANZEB KHALIL Pro-Vice Chancellor Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan Co-Supervisor Prof. Dr. Taj Muharram Khan DEPARTMENT OF POLITCAL SCIENCE FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES, ABDUL WALI KHAN UNIVERSITY MARDAN Year 2018 i AFGHANISTAN FACTOR IN THE TRILATERAL RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, PAKISTAN AND CHINA (2008-2016) By SAIMA PARVEEN Reg. No.12-AU-M.PHIL-P/SCI-F-4 Ph. D (Political Science) Thesis submitted to the Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan in the partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Ph. D in Political Science DEPARTMENT OF POLITCAL SCIENCE FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES, ABDUL WALI KHAN UNIVERSITY MARDAN Year 2018 ii Author’s Declaration I, Saima Parveen_hereby state that my Ph D thesis titled, “ Afghanistan Factor in the Trilateral Relations of the United States, Pakistan and China (2008-2016) is my own work and has not been submitted previously by me for taking any degree from this University i.e. ABDUL WALI KHAN UNIVERSITY MARDAN or anywhere else in the country/world. At any time if my statement is found to be incorrect even after my Graduate, the University has the right to withdraw my Ph D degree. Name of Student: Saima Parveen Date: 10 January, 2018 iii Plagiarism Undertaking I solemnly declare that research work presented in the thesis titled “AFGHANISTAN FACTOR IN THE TRILATERAL RELATONS OF THE UNITED STATES, PAKISTAN AND CHINA (2008-2016)” is solely my research work with no significant contribution from any other person.