Index

A Allsen, Tomas 286, 287 Abd al-Rahman al-Ṣūfī 411 Al-Maqrīzī 280–282, 286 Abrahamic religions 168 Āl Muhannā Bedouin 280, 281 Achaemenian Empire 406 al-Nāṣir Muḥammad b. Qalāwūn Aggañña Sutta 337 272, 279, 280 Agni 335 al-Qalqashandī 284, 290 Aḥmad Fanākatī’s (f. 1247–1282) al-Sarraf, Shihab 270 158 al-Ṭabarī 274 Ahuramazda 407, 408 al-`Umarī, Aḥmad b. Yaḥyā Ibn Faḍl Alans 163 Allāh 272 al-Aqṣara’ī, Muḥammad b. `Īsā b. Ama 232 Ismā`īl b. al-Ḥanafī al-Aqṣara’ī Anatolia 72, 114, 257, 273, 282, 276 292 ‘Alā’ ud-Dīn Khaljī (Delhi Sultan) Angkor 252, 256 248 Animal domestication 4, 5, 7, 8 Albacore (tuna) 222 Animal husbandry 6, 7, 23, 68, 69, Aleppo 291 95, 170, 183, 359 Āl Faḍl Bedouin 280 Animal Studies 4 al-Ghazālī’s (c. 1058–1111) 164 Anthropology 3 Allah 155 Apex predators 22, 332, 333, 335, 348

© Te Editor(s) (if applicable) and Te Author(s) 2019 421 R. Kowner et al. (eds.), Animals and Human Society in Asia, Te Palgrave Macmillan Animal Ethics Series, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-24363-0 422 Index

Aquila 403, 406 Beasts of burden 10, 15, 23, 95, 112, Arabian horse(s) 19, 268, 271, 272, 114, 118, 357, 382, 385, 386, 274–276, 278–281, 285, 291 414 Arabic language 274 Bedouins 19, 269, 279–281 Archeology 3 Beef 13, 165, 378 Archery 17, 269 Beidou. See Big Dipper Aries 396, 412 157, 185, 187–190, 193, Armour 248, 255 195, 197, 198, 204, 300, 305, Art 3, 4, 9, 17, 21, 22, 34, 77, 308, 311–315, 318–320, 358, 79–81, 247, 335 360, 361, 366, 368, 369, 371, Arughtai 318, 319 373–376, 378, 379 Asia 2–14, 16–19, 21, 34, 53, 216, Beiping suishi zhi. See Record of 227, 228, 242, 292, 331–334, Beijing Yearly Festivities 343, 344, 347, 348, 401 Bengal 249, 333 Asian Studies 2, 4 Big Dipper 410 Aśoka 341 Birdhawn horse (pl. barādhīn) 273, Assmann, Jan 406 274, 278, 284, 285 Awag, Prince (f. 1230s) 153, 154, Bleakley, Alan 333 163, 164 Blood 14, 20, 152, 154, 155, 161, awlād al-nās (sons of Mamluks) 288 165–167, 193, 199, 242, 275, Ayalon, David 71, 161, 169, 171, 276 268, 269, 271, 272, 279–282, Bogd Khaan 260, 261 289, 290 Book of Eating (Shijing) 183 Ayn Jālūt 270 Book of Five Sections 344, 345 Ayrshire breed (cows) 183, 189 Book of Rites 344 Ayyubids 289 Borden 200 Border 182, 308, 310, 311, 313, 314, 319, 321–324, 381 B Bow, composite 17, 243 Bahrein 273, 279 Breeding 2, 6, 10, 19, 78, 79, 95, Baikal, Lake 169, 184 107, 110, 183, 283, 299, Balban, Ghiyāth al-Dīn (Delhi 302–304, 306, 310, 312, 315, Sultan) 248 316, 318, 319, 322, 374 Barb 276–278 Buddha 22, 23, 259, 261, 334–342, Barīd 271 346, 349, 383 Barqa. See Cyrenaica Buddhism/Buddhists 158, 160, 170, Bast 357 332, 334, 335, 338, 341, 342, Batchiqan 391, 402, 403 349 Baybars, Sultan 280, 282, 285, 286, elephant in 259–262 290 Index 423

lion in 23, 332, 336, 338, 342, 226, 228, 243–247, 250–256, 344 258, 260, 262, 300, 302, 303, tiger in 23, 332, 344, 349 308, 310–312, 316–320, 322, Bufalo 249 323, 333–335, 342, 344, 346, Bull 396, 411. See also Ox 348, 357–360, 363, 381 Burma 254–256 Chinese Eastern Railway (CER) 184, Buryatia 261 185 Buryat 169 Chinggis Khan (r. 1206–27) 18, 151 (tihu) 192 Chongwang. See Insect King Chormaqan Noyan (d. 1240–41) 153 C 168 Cahen, Claude 268, 276 Cleaves, Francis W. 158 Cairo 268, 281, 283, 288–290, 292 Clover 289, 290 Camel 15, 76–79, 81, 83, 95, 110, Cook, Michael 155 153, 242, 249, 283, 289, 302, Court of imperial stud (CIS) 305, 306 374, 375 Canada 213, 214 Cow. See Ox Can’nü. See Silkworm Goddess Cows, dairy 183, 186, 188–190 Caravan 74, 77, 105, 108, 110, Crocodile 357 112–114, 118, 119 Cuckoo 395 Castiglione, Giuseppe 376 Cultural studies 3, 4 Cat 22, 357 Cyrenaica 268, 273, 275, 279, 281, Cattle. See Ox 284, 285 Cattle, dairy 95, 180, 182–185, 188 Central Asia 183, 192, 244–246, 302, 322, 331, 333, 348, 404 D Chaghadai (1183–1242) 156 Daidu (Beijing) in the 157 Chalcolithic 94, 95, 101, 104, Dairy products 10–15, 95, 179, 192 106–108, 111, 112, 120, 121, Dali 251 127 Damascus 276, 285, 288, 291 250, 252, 253, 256 Daoism 21, 164, 171 Chao, Adam Yuet 360 Daoxuan 347 Chariot 16, 17, 258, 311, 380, 411 Dār al-Islām 155 Cheese 183, 185, 195 Darius the Great 407 5, 7, 13–16, 20–23, 36–39, Darmesteter, James 405, 407 45, 46, 51, 53, 159, 169, 179– Datong 302, 308, 314, 315 184, 191, 192, 194, 197–200, Deer 39, 66, 404 203, 205, 206, 213–215, 220, Dei Sechen 391, 404, 405, 407 424 Index

Delhi Sultanate/Delhi Sultans 247, use against the Mongols 18 249 use by the Mongols 18, 244–247, 181, 204 250–254, 262 Digby, Simon 247–250 war 18, 243–246, 248–250, 252, Directorate of Imperial Horses 375, 254, 257, 258, 261 377 Essential Techniques for the Welfare of dīwān 281 the People (Qimin yaoshu) 183 Domesticating 2, 5 Euphrates 280, 290, 292 Dongyue Miao. See Temple of the Eurasian Steppe 19, 242, 267, 287, Eastern Peak 292 Donkey 3, 11, 17, 34, 36, 43, 53, Beijing Donkey Guild 371 163, 180, 218, 221, 242, 244, Chinese tutelary deity of 23 292, 333 as draft animal 23, 108, 359, 364, Explaining Simple Graphs and 382 Analyzing Compound ritual burial of 116 Characters 343 in southern Levant 9, 101, 104, Extinction 3, 34 107, 108, 110, 111, 115, 116 Dozy, Reinhart 274, 282, 288 Dragon 22, 191, 205, 377, 396, F 398, 402 Falcon 24, 394, 405–408. See also Dragon King 357, 361 Raptors Dream divination. See Oneiromancy Famine 183, 189 Dream of the Red Chamber 193, 199 Fāris 270 Dunchong, Fucha 378 Fatimids 289 Fertile Crescent 5 Figurine 103, 105, 108–110, 114, E 118–120 Earth God 355, 356, 382 Firuz Shah Tughlaq (Delhi Sultan) Egypt 20, 73, 74, 83, 98–100, 104, 249 105, 108, 110, 114, 115, Fish 3, 12, 14, 15, 213–216, 219, 267–269, 272, 273, 276, 278, 221, 222, 225, 230, 233, 279, 283, 287, 288, 290–292, 384 357, 395, 406, 407 Fishbein, Michael 274 Ekottarika Āgama 340 Fisheries 214, 217–219, 221, Elephants 223–232, 234 as Buddhist symbol 259 Five Year Plan 188, 203 tribute 251–254, 256, 258 Florus and Laurus 385 Index 425

Fodder 19, 95, 112, 250, 253, 257, H 274, 279, 289–291, 303, 314, ḥadīth and Arabic custom as 155 321, 367, 368, 370, 381 Hagoromo company 223 Fogel, Joshua 217 Hailar 189, 190, 195 Food 4, 5, 10–12, 14, 20, 35, 36, Hainan 228 47, 48, 52, 94, 108, 116, 117, ḥalāl 155–165, 167, 169, 170, 172, 152–155, 164–166, 180, 182, 173 183, 188, 191–193, 199, 205, halāl prohibition 160, 165, 166, 207, 218, 223, 227, 228, 230, 170, 172 289, 292, 321, 322, 332 ḥalqa (non-Mamluk cavalry) 283 Formosa 228 Hama 284, 291 153 Hamashita, Takeshi 216 Fuheng, Duke 375 Handaxe 34, 37–46, 48 Furūsiyya 270, 276 196 Hankou 196 Hanoi 252 G Han Wudi (Emperor Wu of the Han Gamble, Sydney 357, 360 dynasty) 302 Gansu 204, 308, 310, 312, 313, 323 Harbin 185, 194, 197 Garrison 306, 308–311, 313, 315, Hayagrīva 358, 380 316, 320, 321, 323 Heavenly Four Horses 377 Gautama Siddhārtha 336 Hebei 190, 315, 316, 357, 359–361, Germany 213–215 372, 381 Ghaznavids 245 Hebraeus, Bar (1226–1286) 164 Ghurids 245, 246 Heilongjiang 185, 188, 189, 378 Giza 290 Herding 9, 17, 63, 70, 72, 82, 83, Glosser, Susan 196 315, 318, 319, 321 Goat(s) 6, 12, 68–72, 75, 79–83, Herre, Albert 221 169, 193, 410 Hijaz 273, 279, 281, 292 Great Britain 213–215, 304 Hind. See Deer Great Leap Forward 181, 189 History 2–7, 9–14, 18, 23, 53, 63, Grigor (f. 1260s) 153 64, 79, 80, 216, 217, 233, Grootaers, Willem A. 360 268, 269, 272, 274, 300, 302, Guanyu 378, 379 305, 307, 310, 322, 332, Guide to Correct Eating and Drinking 335, 336, 343, 348, 370, 391, 193 394–396, 408 Guinefort 385 Hokkaido 219, 228 Güyük Khan (r. 1246–48) 153, 160 Holocene 9, 65, 66, 71 Gyrfalcon. See Falcon 426 Index

Holstein breed (cows) 180, 183, 184, Hunter-gatherers 5, 34–36, 38, 46, 195 47, 64, 71, 73 Homs 291 Hunting 2, 4–11, 17, 33, 34, 38, 39, Hong Kong 201 46, 48–50, 63, 66, 68, 70, 72, Hongwu emperor () 73, 77, 79, 81–83, 259, 284, 306 403 Hongzhi emperor (Ming dynasty) 304 Honshu 219 I Horse(s) Ibn `Abd al-Ẓāhir 282, 286, 290 and agriculture 303, 321, 361, Ibn Taymiyya (1263–1328) 170 381 Ice cream 196, 198 and Beijing horse market 308, 313 Ikdīsh (pl. akādīsh) 282 in China 303 Ilkhanate/Ilkhans 165, 280, 291, and Mongols 246, 247, 250, 253, 408 255, 256 Imperial Household Department and religion 23, 359, 366 374 in warfare 17, 300 India 16, 22, 23, 179, 243, 245– Horse Ancestor 358, 359, 377, 380 248, 250, 255, 262, 332, 337, Horseback riding 16 346, 358, 386, 404, 406, 410 Horse God 305, 369, 374, 375, 377, Indian Ocean 219 378, 381. See also Horse King Indra 335, 413 Horse God temple 375 Inner Asia 292, 405 Horse King Inner 188, 189, 191, 197, and Ox King 355–357, 382, 383 203, 204, 260, 261, 308, 310, in Beijing 358, 368, 373, 374, 311, 314 378 Insect King 355–357, 382, 383 military cult of 374 Intestines 152 in north China 358, 359, 363 99, 291, 406 ofcial patronage of 358 Irwin, Robert 271, 272, 285, 292 rural cult of 359, 360, 374, 382 Islam 13, 14, 155, 158–161, 168, in south China 359 170, 257, 262 urban cult of 366 Horse King Association 361, 362 Horus 406, 407 J Huben. See Tiger warriors Jamuqa 402, 409, 411, 412, 414 Human-animal interaction 3, 5–7, 9 Janība (pl. janā’ib), reserve mount Hungarians 163 282 Index 427

Japan 14, 15, 181, 185, 186, 188, L 200, 206, 213–216, 218–223, Labor 20, 182, 186, 187, 219, 222, 225, 227–230, 232–234, 252 300, 312, 318, 320, 321, 323, Japanese Empire 15, 213–220, 324, 382, 384 223–225, 230 Lactose intolerance 10, 11, 192 Jataka 338–340 Landscape modifcation 5 JICA 227 Lane, E.W. 273, 274 John of Plano Carpini (d. 1252) Lei Zhen 368 151 Levant 9, 36, 39, 53, 64, 65, 68, Judaism 13, 384 69, 72–76, 78, 81, 93, 94, Jükeli (sacrifcial) rites 167 99–102, 104, 106–108, 110, Jupiter 405–408 111, 115, 116, 121, 275 Juwaynī (1226–1283) 156 Liaodong 308, 311, 313, 314, 323, Juyong Guan 379, 380 378 Jūzjānī (f. 1220–1260) 160 Liji. See Book of Rites Lion and the Buddha 22, 23, 335, 337, K 339, 340, 342 Kangxi emperor 183 in Buddhism 342 Karak 291 in China 22, 342 Katsuobushi 218, 220 Chinese term for 342 Kelekna, Pita 274, 278 in Jataka tales 339 Kenya 228 in Ṛgveda 335 khāṣṣakiyya 281 and royal power 336 Khmer 256 in South Asia 335, 337, 343–345, Khwarizmian Shah 246 348 King Louis IX of France (r. 1226– Literature 3, 4, 6, 21–23, 93, 199, 1270) 152 270, 271, 335–338, 345, 359, Kirakos of Gandzakets’i (d. 1271) 397, 399 153 Livestock 3, 118, 119, 167, 190, Kitāb suwar al-kawākib al-thābitah 191, 302, 311, 356 411 Livestock husbandry 7 Korea 226, 228, 314 Li Yuansheng 183 Kumārajīva 342 Logistics 19, 242, 267, 268, 271 Kumiss 154, 163 Loiseau, Julien 271, 282, 288 Kurds 269, 288 Longwang. See Dragon King Kuroshio 219, 226 Lord Guan. See Guanyu Kuwata Tōichi 220, 232 Lowe, H.Y. 368 428 Index

Lühu. See “Tigers of Vinaya” Mengniu 191, 205 Lu Rong 374 Middle East 19, 20, 96, 104, 180, An Lushan 304 242, 244, 245, 278, 286 Lu Xingyuan. See Lowe, H.Y. Military animals 289 Military farms (tuntian) 303 Military history 268, 269 M 9–12, 14, 47, 48, 75, 83, 108, Madhhabs 154, 155 152–154, 179–186, 188–190, Maghreb 279 192–206, 242 Mahāparinirvāṇa-Sūtra 193, 340 Milk per capita consumption 197 Mahāratnakūṭa-sūtra 337 Milk powder 188, 191, 194, 196, Mahāvaipulya-mahāsamghāta-sūtra 202 345 Milk, skim 198 Mahāyāna 336–338, 341, 342, 345, Milk tea 193, 194 346 Ming dynasty 19, 20, 308, 310, 378, Mahīśāsaka-Vinaya 338 380 Maḥmūd Yalavach 160 Mingzu emperor (later Tang dynasty) Mamluks 19, 252, 267, 268, 272, 323 274, 276, 278, 281, 282, Mitsui company 223 284–292 Möngke Qa’an (1251–1259) 152 Mamluk Sultanate 19, 20, 267–272, Mongol Empire 14, 18, 23, 151, 279, 291, 292 153, 159, 165, 170, 249, Manchuria 181, 214, 215 397 Manyōshu 232 Mongolia 16–20, 162, 164, 165, Mao Zedong 181, 204 195, 259–262, 310 (1254–1324) 153 Mongol pony 282 Market liberalization 190 Mongols 14, 17–20, 24, 151–153, Marshak, Boris I. 345 155–166, 168–173, 243, 244, Mashen. See Horse God 246, 247, 250–252, 254, 255, Ma’sūd Beg (d. 1289) 160 256, 261, 262, 269, 270, 278, Mawang. See Horse King 280, 282, 287, 290–292, 308, Mazu. See Horse Ancestor 309, 317–319, 391, 394, 397, Meat 8–10, 12–14, 33, 35, 36, 41, 398, 400, 401, 403, 405, 408, 43, 46, 47, 49–51, 66, 70, 72, 409 73, 75, 83, 95, 108, 117, 152, and animal signs 23, 391–393, 154, 155, 157, 163, 164, 169, 396–398, 400 218, 220, 242, 368, 378 and elephants 18, 241, 246, Medicine King 383, 384 251–253, 260 Index 429

and horses 20, 243, 246, 247, Ningxia 312 250, 253, 255, 256 Niuwang. See Ox King Mongols; limited use of elephants Nomadism 2, 16, 83 by 257 Nomura, Dr.M. 227 Mountain God 355, 356, 382, 383 North Africa 244, 276, 277, 332 ibn Tughluq (Delhi North America 214, 215 Sultan) 248 Northern Bushel. See Big Dipper Mukhtaṣar 155 Northern Wei dynasty 302, 307, 401 Mules 15, 23, 127, 128, 289, 306, 317, 357–361, 363–366, 368, 382 O Murakami Kiyoshi 222 Ochi, Takenao 228 Muslims, Shiʿa 155 Odoric of Pordenone 258 Muslims, Sunni 155 Ögödei (r. 1229–1241) 156 Mutton 13, 165, 169 Okinawa 219, 221, 222, 229, 231 Oneiromancy 405 Ordos 308, 310 N Overseas Fisheries Cooperation Nanchang 196 Foundation of Japan (OFCF) Nandou. See Southern Bushel 230, 231 196, 306, 311, 312, 320 Ox Narathihapate, King 254 in Chinese astrology 414 NBK Cooperation 232 in Chinese religion 385 Near East 5, 7, 10, 16, 63, 65, 69, as draft animal 357, 383, 384 73, 75, 77, 79, 94, 95, 98, and Taurus 412, 413 107, 108, 110, 114, 119, 286 Ox King 355–357, 360, 382–384 Negev 9, 64, 66, 74, 75, 78–81, 106 Neiwufu. See Imperial Household Department P Neolithic 67–71, 73, 93–95, 99, Pacifc Ocean 219–221, 229–232 101, 106, 107 Pagan(s) 81, 159, 164, 254, 255 Nestlé 200 Palace Stud 373–375, 377 Nestorians 164, 170 Paleolithic 7–9, 33–39, 41, 43–51, New Beijing Talks 368 53, 67 New York Times 222 Pañcatantra. See Book of Five Sections Nightingale 395 Panjikent 345 Niida Noboru 369, 371 Parjánya 335 Nile Valley 19, 292 Pastoralism 69, 76, 206 430 Index

Pasturage 282, 289–291, 304, R 313–315, 318, 319, 323, 370, Rabie, Hassanein 270 373, 375 Rājasiṃha 337 Pasturage Directorate (yuanmasi) Ranch 20, 303, 305, 312–320, 324 311, 312 Raptors 405, 406. See also Falcon Paul, Apostle 164 Rashīd al-Dīn (1247–1318) 156 Pearl Harbor 218, 223 Record of Beijing Yearly Festivities Pelagic empire 216, 218, 219, 223 (Beiping suishi zhi) 367 People’s Daily 202 Record of Trifes 193 People’s Liberation Army 204 Religion 3, 4, 14, 23, 151, 158, 159, Pharaoh 406 164, 169, 241, 242, 259, 262, Pigs 12, 116, 169, 197 356, 359, 360, 363, 366, 384, Pleistocene 33, 34, 37, 48, 51, 53, 385, 392, 393 65, 66 Rus’ 163, 164 Plutarch 394, 395 Rustichello da (f. 1280–1290) Pope Innocent IV (r. 1243–1254) 153 152 Pork 13, 152, 154, 164, 165, 169, 368, 378 S Prince of Liang 311 Safad 291 Prince of Ning 311 Śākyasiṃha 336 Proboscidean 33, 34, 36–38, 43, 46, Sauvaget, Jean 271 48, 50, 51, 53 Sayyid Ajall Bukhāri (1211–1279) Protein 10, 12, 14, 34, 35, 164, 165, 159 180, 182, 185, 198, 200, 206, Scripture of the Wise and Foolish 339 216, 220 Sea-bream 395 Ptolemy 411 Te Secret History of the Mongols 167, 168, 391, 401 Shaanxi 308, 312, 313, 318, 319, Q 355, 356, 359–361, 382 Qara Khitai 245 Shamanism 392, 394 Qingdao 195, 196 Shangsi yuan. See Palace Stud 180, 259, 260, 363, Shantou 196 375, 377–379 Shanxi 302 Qipchaq Turk 168 Shashin shūhō 213 Qiu, Jun 323, 324 Sheep 17, 18, 70, 72, 75, 76, 79, Qorchi 392, 409, 412, 414 81–83, 156, 157, 159, 161, Qubilai Qa’an (r. 1260–94) 151 163, 164, 169, 171, 182, 204, Qur’ān 154, 155, 168 242, 360, 375, 412 Index 431

Shehada, Housni Alkhateeb 3, 270, Stanford University’s Natural History 274 Museum 221 Shizi 342. See also Lion Steppe 16–20, 64, 65, 166, 169, Shizuoka 222 242, 257, 259, 267, 270, 278, Shuowen jiezi. See Explaining 280, 282, 291, 292, 302, 311, Simple Graphs and Analyzing 322 Compound Characters Suzhou 196 Sīhanāda 341 Sydney 194 Silkworm Goddess 357 Syria 16, 19, 94, 99, 100, 107, 247, Silverman, Adam 271 257, 267, 269, 272–274, 276, Siṃhahanu 337 279, 280, 283, 284, 287, 288, Siṃhapāda 337 290–292 Siṁhavijṛmbhita 340 Simmental breed (cows) 183, 184 Sindh 249 T Singqor 407 Tablkhāna amirs 284 Sino-sphere 217 Taboo 12, 13, 117, 166 Sirius 24, 396, 403, 404 Taipusi. See Court of the Imperial Śiva 335 Stud (CIS) Skipjack (tuna) 215, 218, 220, 222 Taiyo Fishery 228 Slaughter, animals 13, 14, 151, 153, Taiyuan 196 154, 156, 162, 163, 165–167, Tamerlane, Temür 249 169, 170, 172, 173 Tang dynasty 299, 302, 346 Smith, G. Rex 276 Tang Zhengzong (Tang emperor, Smith, John Mason 242, 247, 270 Zhenzong) 302, 315 Sobek 357 Tantric Buddhism 358 Solomon Islands 231 Taurus 404, 411–414. See also Ox South Asia 13, 244, 331, 335, 339, Tea and horse agency 305, 308 343, 345, 348 Temple of the Eastern Peak 373 Southeast Asia 18, 183, 232, 241, Temüjin 391, 409, 411, 413, 414 243, 244, 251, 252, 254–256, Tianjin 185, 189, 190, 196–198 258, 262, 331 Tiansi. See Heavenly Four Horses Southern Bushel 410 203 Soviet Union 188, 197, 203, 204, Tibetan Buddhism 19, 241, 259, 262 213, 214, 226, 228, 260 Tiger 21–23, 199, 332–335, 338, Stable 218, 255, 282, 284, 285, 289, 342–349, 356, 405 307, 314, 316, 320, 323, 370, “Tigers of exegetic learning” 346 372, 373, 375, 377, 381 “Tigers of Vinaya” 346 432 Index

Tiger warriors 343 V Timurid dynasty 262 337 Toghril Ong-Khan (f. 1160–1203) Valense, Deborah 199 161 Veterinarian 23, 289, 316, 358, 366, Tokyo University 223 368, 370, 384 Tolstoy 21, 385 Veterinary medicine 270 Tran Tai Tong 251 Vietnam (Dai Viet) 251 Tribute 162, 206, 245, 256, 286, Virgil 407 313, 314, 342 Vladivostok 194 Tripoli (in Syria) 291 Tsongkhapa 260 Tsutsui, William 216, 218, 219 W Tuna 15, 214–223, 225, 227–230, Wāfdiyya 288 232–234 Wall street Journal 222 Turcomans 269 Warfare 9, 16–19, 77, 83, 243, 251, Turkistan 245 253, 262, 267, 300, 381 Turks 170, 282, 405 Water bufalo 182, 186, 193, 357, 359 White Rabbit Milk 198 U William of Rubruck 152, 163 Uda Michitaka 220, 226 Wolf 24, 66, 391, 392, 394, 402, Uighurs, Uighur Empire 304 403 Ukraine 188 Wool 9, 75, 76, 83, 95 UNCLOS 229, 230 World Milk Fair 200 UNESCO 226, 230 Wuhan 187 United Mongol Empire (Yeke Wuxi 196 Monggol Ulus) period (1206– 1260) 157 United States 179, 180, 182, 188, X 197, 202, 213, 216, 218, Xian yu jing. See Scripture of the Wise 221–223, 225, 226, 229, 230, and Foolish 306 Xie. See Southern Bushel United States Environmental Xin Yan yu. See New Beijing Talks Protection Agency 182 Xi Xia 162 Ursa Major 396, 398 Xuanfu 315, 316 Ursa Minor 396 Xu Ke 378 Index 433

Y Yu Ma Jian. See Directorate of Yama 355, 356, 382 Imperial Horses Yamato 215 Yunnan 159, 251–256 Yang Di 320 Yang Shiqiao 320 River 307 Z Yaowang. See Medicine King Zhang Jiangcai 374 Yasa 156–158, 161, 162, 172 Zhiyi 345, 346 Yeke Monggol Ulus (1206–1260) 151 198 Yihu. See “Tigers of exegetic Zhou Yiliang 337 learning” Zhu Yuanzhang 375 Yili 191, 205 Zimmermann, Erich 233 Yongle Emperor 299, 375 Zodiac 345, 346, 395, 399, 400, Yosun 156, 161 411, 414 253, 256, 259, 303, Zooarchaeology 3, 7, 9, 72 317 Zoroastrianism/Zoroastrians 164, Yuan Empire (1260–1368) 157 397, 407