The Jews of Fourteenth Street Remembered
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Cass Gilbert Designs 318 Summit Page 17 Spring 2007 Volume 42, Number 1 Lost Neighborhood The Jews of Fourteenth Street Remembered Simon Note Silberstein, the patriarch of the Silberstein his sons, Isaac, had come directly to the United States, and family, with his grandchildren in 1909 on the porch of 549 changed his name to Robinson. Simon lived with Isadore LOrient Street. Born Simon Rubelske, he fled the small Marofsky. The house at 549 UOrient had an outside toilet, village of Filipowa with his grandchildren Sarah, Mary, Louis and they took baths in a washtub. They used kerosene and Ben. He changed his name to Silberstein after his lamps for lighting, and coal and wood for heating. Simon three sons, who preceeded him, had done so in Sweden, Silberstein lived with the Marofsky family until 1916, when on their way to the United States. He had four sons and one he died. He is buried in the West Side Cemetery. Photo daughter, Jennie, who married Isadore Marofsky. One of courtesy of Edith Marofsky, Isadore’s granddaughter. RAMSEY COUNTY HISTORY Executive Director Priscilla Farnham Founding Editor (1964-2006) Virginia Brainard Kunz Editor John M. Lindley Volume 42, Number 1 Spring 2007 RAMSEY COUNTY HISTORICAL SOCIETY THE MISSION STATEMENT OF THE RAMSEY COUNTY HISTORICAL SOCIETY BOARD OF DIRECTORS ADOPTED BY THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS IN JULY 2003: Howard Guthmann Chair The Ramsey County Historical Society shall discover, collect, W. Andrew Boss preserve and interpret the history of the county for the general public, President recreate the historical context in which we live and work, and make Judith Frost Lewis First Vice President available the historical resources of the county. The Society’s major Paul A. Verret responsibility is its stewardship over this history. Second Vice President Joan Higinbotham Secretary CONTENTS J. Scott Hutton Treasurer Thomas H. Boyd, Norlin Boyum, Julie 3 Lost Neighborhood Brady, Carolyn J. Brusseau, Anne Cowie, The Jews of Fourteenth Street Remembered Nancy Randall Dana, Charlton Dietz, Joanne A. Englund, Robert F. Garland, John Gene H. Rosenblum Holman, George A. Mairs, Laurie Murphy, Richard H. Nicholson, Marla Ordway, 17 A House o f Versatile Talents Sally D. Patterson, Marvin J. Pertzik, Jay The William and Carrie Lightner Residence Pfaender, Ralph Thrane, David Thune, Richard Wilhoit. on Summit Avenue Richard T. M urphy Sr. Paul Clifford Larson Director Emeritus 23 Lost Son EDITORIAL BOARD The Forgotten Fate of Roseville’s First Child, Anne Cowie, chair, James B. Bell, John Diers, Thomas H. Boyd, Tom Kelley, Laurie Murphy, Benjamin Rose Richard H. Nicholson, Paul D. Nelson, Jay Patrick Hill and Cindy Rose Torfin Pfaender, David Riehle, G. Richard Slade, Steve Trimble, Mary Lethert Wingerd. Publication of Ramsey County History is supported in part by a gift from HONORARY ADVISORY BOARD Clara M. Claussen and Frieda H. Claussen in memory of Henry H. Cowie Jr. Olivia I. Dodge, William Fallon, William Finney, Robert S. Hess, George Latimer, and by a contribution from the late Reuel D. Harmon Joseph S. Micallef, Robert Mirick, Marvin J. Pertzik, James Reagan, Rosalie E. Wahl, Donald D. Wozniak. A Message from the Editorial Board RAMSEY COUNTY COMMISSIONERS Commissioner Tony Bennett, chair Commissioner Victoria Reinhardt his issue shows us two perspectives on places in Ramsey County: the history of a whole Commissioner Toni Carter Tneighborhood and that of a single building. The first article, Gene Rosenblum’s “The Jews Commissioner Rafael Ortega of Fourteenth Street Remembered,” provides a fascinating glimpse into the Jewish community Commissioner Janice Rettman Commissioner Jan Parker that flourished from the 1880’s to the 1950’s near the site of present-day Region’s Hospital. The Commissioner Jim McDonough article draws on numerous sources—photographs, maps, census data, and RCHS’s own building David Twa, manager, Ramsey County permit collection—to document the families, businesses, synagogues, and community organiza tions of the neighborhood. Many present-day St. Paul Jewish families, who later moved to other Ramsey County History is published quarterly parts of the city, can trace their roots to this area, which first welcomed Russian Jewish emigrants by the Ramsey County Historical Society, in 1882. In the second article, Paul Clifford Larson examines the history and architecture of 323 Landmark Center, 75 W. Fifth Street, St. Paul, Minn. 55102 (651-222-0701). Printed in 318 Summit Avenue, a home designed by Cass Gilbert for prominent St. Paul attorney William U.S.A. Copyright 2007, Ramsey County His Lightner and his wife Carrie. Gilbert worked on the Lightner house, the third of his designs to be torical Society. ISSN Number 0485-9758. A ll built on Summit Avenue, in the early 1890’s, before he won the competition to design the new rights reserved. No part of this publication State Capitol. The house, which is bilaterally symmetrical and faced with quartzite and brown- may be reprinted or otherwise reproduced without written permission from the pub stone, reflects the transition between the Richardson Romanesque and Beaux-Arts architectural lish e r. The Society assumes no responsibility styles. Ramsey County is lucky that the home’s current owners, Richard and Nancy Nicholson, for statements made by contributors. Fax 651 - have carefully restored one of St. Paul’s social and architectural landmarks, and our readers are 223-8539; e-mail address [email protected].; even luckier to access this comprehensive view of its history. web site address www.rchs.com Anne Cowie, Chair, Editorial Board 2 RAMSEY COUNTY HISTORY The Meyer Winer family shortly after they bought and moved into a large C ivil War-era double house at 197-199 East Fourteenth Street. In rear, left to right, are Alexander, Jeanette and Mina. In the second row are Freda Winer, Samuel, Meyer Winer, and Louis. In front is Ethel (the author’s mother). Photo courtesy of Michael Gene Winer, their grandson. Lost Neighborhood The Jews of Fourteenth Street Remembered Gene H. Rosenblum ne hundred years ago, my maternal grandparents, E. Fourteenth Street was a large Civil War-era double house Meyer and Freda Winer, moved to the Fourteenth that could better accommodate their growing family. The Street neighborhood on May 25, 1907, from the Winer family lived in one half of the house and rented out WestO Side flats. Prior to that move, these recent Lithuanian the other half. It was a wood-frame structure with a large immigrants and their family of eight had been living in iron fence around its yard. a modest home at 109 Eva Street on the flats. The city’s My mother, Ethel, who was only three years old and the building permits, which are now preserved by the Ramsey baby of the family when they moved to Fourteenth Street, County Historical Society in its St. Paul Building Permits had fond memories of growing up in the neighborhood Collection, document that the Eva Street house was a small, and the time she spent living in that community. Over the one and one-half story frame house, measuring fifteen feet years, this house became known as the “Winer Flats.” In wide by twenty-five feet long, that had been constructed 1931 a fire severely damaged the building. Consequently in 1884. The home that the Winers moved into at 197-199 on September 6,1931, the city of St. Paul issued a permit to RAMSEY COUNTY HISTORY 3 the American Lumber and Wrecking Company to demolish the remains of Winer Hats. For many years following the demolition of this home, the now va cant lot provided a pathway to Central Community House, which was located at 190 E. University Avenue (formerly Fif teenth Street). When St. Paul’s Fourteenth Street was the home to a large community of Jews, it was not a single street. It was the collec tive name for about a dozen streets that all lay in the shadow of the Minnesota State Capitol. Here, on Fourteenth Street, between 1882 and the 1950s, was a place where people of the Jewish faith lived, worked, prayed, prospered, raised their large families, and died. According to St. Paul historian Don ald Empson in his book, The Street Where You Live (2006), Fourteenth Street was platted in 1856 and was the city’s four teenth street from the Mississippi River. The plat map for 1884 shows Fourteenth Street running from Cedar Street on the west, crossing Minnesota, Robert, Jack- son, and Canada streets, before intersect ing Broadway on the east. A check of the This photograph from about 1905 shows some of the 2,203 Polish and Russian immigrants 1887 plat for this part of the city shows who crossed the Atlantic in steerage class on one of the many ships that brought newcomers a shortened Fourteenth Street that now to the United States. Photo courtesy of the Minnesota Historical Society. ran from Jackson Street to Broadway. Be tween 1884 and 1887, the city administra large-frame homes, lots of duplexes, (and present) building was broken but con tion had platted Central Park. In creating three public schools, and one high school struction wasn’t completed until 1905. this park, the portion of Fourteenth Street (Mechanic Arts). Unlike the West Side The earliest Jewish residents of this that had earlier run between Jackson and flats that Bill Hoffman knew, Fourteenth neighborhood were part of a contingent Cedar was eliminated and included in the Street and all its neighboring thorough of Russian refugees who had unexpect plat for Central Park. Today the neigh fares were paved. It was a prosperous edly arrived in St. Paul in May 1882. The borhood around Fourteenth Street no neighborhood. Some of the original resi community they became lasted until longer exists.