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Understanding Host Community Distrust and Violence Against Oil Companies in Nigeria Abby Kalio Amabipi Walden University

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Understanding Host Community Distrust and Violence Against Oil Companies in Nigeria Abby Kalio Amabipi Walden University Walden University ScholarWorks Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies Collection 2016 Understanding Host Community Distrust and Violence Against Oil Companies in Nigeria Abby Kalio Amabipi Walden University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations Part of the Organizational Behavior and Theory Commons, Public Administration Commons, and the Public Policy Commons This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies Collection at ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Walden University College of Social and Behavioral Sciences This is to certify that the doctoral dissertation by Abbykalio Amabipi has been found to be complete and satisfactory in all respects, and that any and all revisions required by the review committee have been made. Review Committee Dr. Gabriel Telleria, Committee Chairperson, Public Policy and Administration Faculty Dr. Michael Knight, Committee Member, Public Policy and Administration Faculty Dr. Mai Moua, University Reviewer, Public Policy and Administration Faculty Chief Academic Officer Eric Riedel, Ph.D. Walden University 2016 Abstract Understanding Host Community Distrust and Violence Against Oil Companies in Nigeria by Amabipi Abby Kalio MSc, The Robert Gordon University, 2010 BTech, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, 2005 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Public Policy and Administration Walden University February 2016 Abstract The violence of the Niger Delta host communities against the international oil companies (IOCs) is rampant and dogged. The extent of violence that occurs is harmful to communities, individuals, and oil companies that provide a certain degree of economic stability to the region. The Nigerian government faces a major challenge of resolving community violence in Nigeria. This case study used social exchange theory to better understand the causes and consequences of the lack of community trust against the oil companies that is pervasive in the region. Purposeful sampling was used in the selection of 10 community members, 8 representatives of the oil industry, and 3 government officials. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and documents provided by participants. These were inductively coded and then analyzed using a constant comparative technique. Findings revealed that participants perceived a lack of adequate collaboration among stakeholders and the application of inadequate management strategies of the IOCs and government having an impact on the degree and frequency of community violence. The implications stemming from this study include recommendations to the Nigerian government and IOCs to precede policy formulation with thorough consultation, engagement, and negotiation with the stakeholders for their acceptance before implementation of policy. This collaborative action may encourage corporate engagement and management that is positively viewed by the communities in the Niger Delta. Understanding Host Community Distrust and Violence Against Oil Companies in Nigeria by Amabipi Abby Kalio MSc, The Robert Gordon University, 2010 BTech, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, 2005 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Public Policy and Administration Walden University February, 2016 Dedication This dissertation is dedicated to my mother, who encouraged me till her last moments in August, 2013. I also dedicate this study to the Niger Delta youths and their leaders who lost their lives while struggling to draw global attention to the ill effects of oil production in their environment. Acknowledgments I am very grateful to my wife and four kids who were a wonderful source of inspiration and support throughout my MSc and PhD endeavor. Florence was very understanding and gave me the support I required to accomplish my academic goals. I appreciate the Walden University community for ever encouraging one another. It is my pleasure to commend my academic advisors, the library and different residency program organizers; they were near perfect and very useful. Iam grateful to my committee chair and content expert, Dr.Gabriel Telleria, who made me believe that, though, the dissertation is a tough race; I could make it with diligence. My thanks to my committee member and methodology expert, Dr. Michael Knight who provided powerful feed backs throughout the dissertation process. Thanks to my URR, Dr.Mai Muoa for facilitating the perfection of every little detail in the review process. I thank the participants who work extensively with me in one-on-one interviews to provide detailed information that enhance the understanding of community distrust and violence against the oil companies in the Nigerian Niger Delta region. Table of Contents List of Figures ......................................................................................................................v Chapter 1: Introduction to the Study ....................................................................................1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................1 Background ....................................................................................................................4 Problem Statement .......................................................................................................10 Purpose of Study ..........................................................................................................15 Significance of the Study and Social Change ..............................................................18 Nature of the Study ......................................................................................................23 Research Questions ......................................................................................................26 Theoretical Framework ................................................................................................27 Definition List ..............................................................................................................33 Assumptions .................................................................................................................34 Scope and Limitations..................................................................................................36 Summary ......................................................................................................................38 Chapter 2: Literature Review .............................................................................................40 Introduction ..................................................................................................................40 Literature Review Overview ........................................................................................41 The Social Exchange Theory .......................................................................................45 Partnership Sustainability ............................................................................................49 The Host Communities ................................................................................................57 Host Communities and oil Companies Conflicts .........................................................65 i Ligations Against oil Companies ....................................................................66 Violence .......................................................................................................................67 Causes of Violence..........................................................................................68 Prevention of Violence....................................................................................70 Failure of CSR and Government Initiatives.................................................................71 Nigerian oil Industry Partnership Sustainability Best Practices ..................................77 Empirical Research That Support This Study ..............................................................80 Summary ......................................................................................................................84 Chapter 3: Research Method ..............................................................................................86 Introduction ..................................................................................................................86 Research Design and Approach ...................................................................................88 Aligning Theory With the Case Study Approach ........................................................95 Research Questions ......................................................................................................96 The Case and Setting ...................................................................................................97 The Role of Researcher ..............................................................................................102 Data Collection ..........................................................................................................103
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