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Police Perception and Decision Making Related to Cult Activities in Rivers State,Nigeria

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Police Perception and Decision Making Related to Cult Activities in Rivers State,Nigeria Walden University ScholarWorks Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies Collection 2020 Police Perception and Decision Making Related to Cult Activities in Rivers State,Nigeria Stephen Tete Walden University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies Collection at ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Walden University College of Social and Behavioral Sciences This is to certify that the doctoral dissertation by Stephen Tete has been found to be complete and satisfactory in all respects, and that any and all revisions required by the review committee have been made. Review Committee Dr. Timothy Fadgen, Committee Chairperson, Criminal Justice Faculty Dr. Dianne Williams, Committee Member, Criminal Justice Faculty Dr. Howard Henderson, University Reviewer, Criminal Justice Faculty Chief Academic Officer and Provost Sue Subocz, Ph.D. Walden University 2020 Abstract Police Perception and Decision Making Related to Cult Activities in Rivers State, Nigeria by Stephen Tete MPhil, Walden University, 2019 MS, University of Cincinnati, 2015 BS, Georgia State University, 2013 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Criminal Justice Walden University November 2020 Abstract Cult groups are criminal youth gangs in Rivers State and Nigeria that are proscribed by law and engaged in criminal activities. The activities of cult groups are a severe problem confronting the police and communities across Rivers State, Nigeria. This qualitative phenomenological study’s objective was to fill a gap in knowledge by exploring how the police perceived cult groups and the threats they posed to public safety and their decision-making processes to combat cult criminal activities. This study used Lipsky’s street-level bureaucracy theory to explore how police exercise discretion to discharge their duties, considering some organizational constraints. The first research question addressed how police perceive cult groups and the threats they pose to communities in Rivers State, Nigeria. The second resarch question addressed the factors that influence police decision making to combat cult activities in Rivers State, Nigeria. Data were collected through semistructured interviews with 20 police officers serving in Rivers State and analyzed using Saldana’s coding system to identify relevant themes. The analysis results revealed that the police view cult groups as criminals, violent, highly organized, and a threat to public safety. Results also indicated that issues of corruption, logistics, lack of equipment, inadequate personnel, lack of community collaboration, and low morale influence police decision making to combat cult activities in Rivers State. Policy and social change implications include the need to ensure that the police have needed resources to combat crime and build a collaborative relationship with all stakeholders to make communities in Rivers State a safer place to live and do business. Police Perception and Decision Making Related to Cult Activities in Rivers State, Nigeria by Stephen Tete MPhil, Walden University, 2019 MS, University of Cincinnati, 2015 BS, Georgia State University, 2013 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Criminal Justice Walden University November 2020 Dedication This work is dedicated to the memory of my late mother Madam Christiana Marwin Tete. I would forever remain grateful for the sacrifice you made and the unconditional love that you showed me and my siblings. May your soul continue to rest in peace. This work is also dedicated to my sons: Tombari Tete, Baribor Tete, Baribefe Tete, and my one and only daughter, Nekabari Tete. I hope this work will help enhance your love for education. Finally, I dedicate this work to the movement for the survival of the Ogoni people (MOSOP) and the memory of all those who lost their lives fighting for freedom for the Ogoni people of eastern Nigeria. For there is no greater love a man can show than to lay down his life that others may live (John 15: 13). Acknowledgments My sincere gratitude goes to my committee chair Dr. Timothy Fadgen. You believed in me right from the first day I asked you to be my committee chair. You are the true definition of an educator. Your patience, motivation, and continuous support made this work possible. I would also like to thank my committee member Dr. Dianne Williams and University reviewer Dr. Howard Henderson, for your efforts in making this dissertation successful. Special appreciation to my wife Mrs. Gift Tete for your love, support, and understanding throughout this dissertation journey. I also want to appreciate my brother Mr. Tombari Tete, Engr. Aagbara Kpea, Chief Barifaa kponi, and members of the Mogho Ogoni foundation International Inc. for your encouragement and support throughout this process. Finally, I want to acknowledge the men and women of the Nigerian police, Rivers State police command, for your participation in this study. You work under challenging conditions and often underappreciated for the risks you took and efforts you made to make society a better place. May God continue to protect you as you work to make communities in Rivers State a safer place. Table of Contents List of Tables ..................................................................................................................... iv List of Figures ......................................................................................................................v Chapter 1: Introduction to the Study ....................................................................................1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................1 Background ....................................................................................................................3 Problem Statement .........................................................................................................6 Purpose ...........................................................................................................................8 Research Questions ........................................................................................................8 Theoretical Framework ..................................................................................................8 Nature of Study ..............................................................................................................9 Definitions....................................................................................................................10 Scope and Delimitations ..............................................................................................12 Limitations ...................................................................................................................12 Significance of the Study .............................................................................................13 Summary ......................................................................................................................14 Chapter 2: Literature Review .............................................................................................15 Introduction ..................................................................................................................15 Literature Search Strategy............................................................................................16 Theoretical Framework ................................................................................................17 The Niger Delta Region of Nigeria ..............................................................................29 i Motivations for Youth involvement in Cult Groups ....................................................33 Impact of Cult Groups on Communities ......................................................................40 Barriers to police Efforts to Combat Cult activities.....................................................52 Summary and Conclusions ..........................................................................................65 Chapter 3: Research Method ..............................................................................................68 Introduction ..................................................................................................................68 Research Design and Rationale ...................................................................................68 Research Questions ............................................................................................... 68 Role of the Researcher .................................................................................................72 Methodology ................................................................................................................73 Instrumentation ............................................................................................................76 Data Collection ............................................................................................................76
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