DOCSLIB.ORG

AUSTRALIAN RESEARCH JOURNAL of HUMANITIES and SOCIAL SCIENCES(ARJHSS, Vol. 12, No2, May, 2019)||Gubdjournals.Org

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
AUSTRALIAN RESEARCH JOURNAL of HUMANITIES and SOCIAL SCIENCES(ARJHSS, Vol. 12, No2, May, 2019)||Gubdjournals.Org AUSTRALIAN RESEARCH JOURNAL of HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES(ARJHSS, Vol. 12, No2, May, 2019)||gubdjournals.org SOCIOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS OF YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT AND CRIME IN RIVERS STATE By Orlu Chukwuemeka PhD [email protected] Sociology Department, Ignatius Ajuru University of Education, Port Harcourt Abstract When unemployment issue is raised what quickly comes to mind is the vulnerability of the youth population. From cursory observation, youths are the worst hit in unemployment situation in Nigeria. Therefore, as a result of alarming youth unemployment, there is high crime rate among the youths in Rivers State, This is because unemployment certainly creates the environment in which frustration breeds and stress increased, resulting in a feeling of hopelessness, especially in Rivers State where there is no adequate provision for social welfare as to give temporary relief for the unemployed. Unemployment can lead to crime as a result of deprivation, rejection, personal failure and mental stress, apathy and illness. The objective of this study is to examine the relationship between youth unemployment and crime in Rivers State. To achieve this objective, two hypotheses were frame, questionnaires, interviews and observational techniques were sources of our data. Rivers State was divided into Riverine and upland. Three communities were randomly sample from each of the zones viiz Port Harcourt, Ahoada and Omoku from the upland while Abonnema, Degema and Abalama from the Riverine zones respectively. 180 copies were distributed across the six communities at 30 copies each based on Likert scale of Strongly Agreed (SA) Agreed (A) Strongly Disagreed (SD) and Disagreed (D) respectively. Above all 180 copies were properly filled and returned. The study recommends that government and management of organizations should create employment opportunities as to save the youths from criminality. Keywords. Sociological youth, unemployment, crime Introduction In Nigeria, the youth is the portion of the population between the ages of 18 and 25 who are residents of the Nigerian Federal Republic. The youth represent the most active, the most volatile, and yet the most vulnerable segment of the population socio-economically and emotionally. At the growth rate of 2.8% per annum, Nigeria’s 2012 population of 166.2million was projected at about 186million in the year 2016. Statistics show that the young people constitute about 60% of the total population in Nigeria (Afangidah 2016, Akinwale 2012). It is overwhelmingly accepted that the youth have a critical role to play in the society. To every society, the youth are the foundation, and their energies invectiveness, character and orientation define the pace of development and the security of a nation. When their creative talents and labour power are effectively garnered, a nation makes giant strides in economic development and socio- political attainments. The dreams and hopes of the youth motivate a nation while she builds her vitality and purpose through their (youths) energies. But, as a vulnerable group with unmet needs and aspirations, youths in Nigeria are faced with myriads of challenges (Afangideh 2016). One of such challenges is unemployment. Unemployment is a situation in which able bodied people who are looking for a job but cannot find it. It is also a situation where someone of working age is not able to get a job but would like to be in full-time employment if offered the opportunity. Dambazua (2007) sees it simply 88 | P a g e AUSTRALIAN RESEARCH JOURNAL of HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES(ARJHSS, Vol. 12, No2, May, 2019)||gubdjournals.org as enforced idleness of wage earners that are able and willing to work but cannot find job. Unemployment is regarded as a social problem in Nigeria. Sociologically, Nigeria's high unemployment rate is one of the country's most important problems, despite Nigeria being richly endowed with numerous human and economic or material resources. Adverse policies on the part of those at the helm of affairs have resulted in the under-utilization of these tools, that is, they have not been used efficiently to produce full economic growth and thus contribute to unemployment. Studies have recently shown that one in every 15 Nigerian graduates is unemployed. It's common practice to see young graduates looking for job openings on a newspaper stand and internet free. Unemployment has social implications, as it raises the country's crime rates. For certain cases the high crime rate can be attributed to unemployment. There have been cases where young graduates have been arrested for engaging in one type of crime or another, the majority of these criminal graduates attribute their involvement in crime to the country's unemployment situation. Every responsible and centralized government should be worried about the condition of unemployment in Nigeria. The past and present government of Nigeria, sadly have always failed to effectively cope with the country's unemployment issues (Hassan 2010). It has been argued that unemployment can lead to crime as a result of deprivation, rejection and personal failure. It is also claimed that unemployment can lead to crime as a result of deprivation, rejection and personal failure. It is also claimed that unemployment could lead to mental stress, apathy and illness factors that could pave way to criminal behavior. The main argument is tied to economic growth, that is during economic recessions, crime (especially property crime) tends to grow rapidly. It is argued that economic recession results to greater unemployment, and this drives people into criminal behavior (Field 1990). Crime is an offence against the value system of a society. The cost effects of crime vary among the various segments of the population and touches almost everyone by some degree and in general as the economic growth and development of countries increase, it would be expected that crime level reduces. This may not necessarily be the socio-economic effects of crime have been well articulated in the literature (Odumosu 199, ESEC 2008, Akpotu and Jike 2004, Egunjobi 2001). The various costs of crime to victims and society or economy include loss of income, property losses, loss in community productivity. Some other costs of crime, which are less tangible, include psychological trauma on victims and their family and friends, pain and suffering and a lowe quality of life. In all of these and other associated losses, the ultimate cost is loss of life (Omotola 2009). Objectives of the Study The following are the objectives of this study: (i) To examine the relationship between youth unemployment and crime in Rivers State. (ii) To identify factors responsible for youth unemployment in Rivers State. Hypotheses The study was built on the following hypotheses: (i) Unemployment has no relationship with crime in Rivers State (ii) Bad economy, adverse policies, multination’s high-handedness, excesses of host communities, etc are not some of the factors affecting youth unemployment in Rivers State. Theoretical Framework 89 | P a g e AUSTRALIAN RESEARCH JOURNAL of HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES(ARJHSS, Vol. 12, No2, May, 2019)||gubdjournals.org The theory that situates this study is the strai theory espoused by Cohen (1955). The theory asserts that delinquency and crime are the behavioural outcome of socially disorganized urban slum. The theory posits that crime and delinquency result when people experience strain or frustration and anger from their inability to attain expected goals. The theory asserts that youths behave contrary to conventional norms because they develop a subculture within their lower class areas because of frustration occasioned by joblessness. The subculture has been characterized as having an inverse value system to that of conventional state of civilization. It opposes non-violence as well as establish delinquent behaviours which may be detrimental to the society. The theory explains that the unemployed youth represent a protest against the norms and values thereby indulge in crime when they experience culture conflict or status frustration, which manifest from their incapability to achieve success (employment) in legitimate social existence. Given the fact that youth crime are multiple-caused, its impact or consequences are severe on the national security. Related Literature There are plethora of litearure on unemployment and crime and their attendant effects or costs or determinants, Omotola (2009), Akpotu and Jike (2004). Egunjobi (2017) in his analyses of Nigerian nation observes that there exists a strong link between youths unemployment and criminality. However, youth and crime refers to criminal acts committed by young unemployed people aged between 18-40 years. Iwarimia-Jaja (2002) opines that most crimes in contemporary societies are committed by youths and the most feared youth crime today in violent crimes. Youth crimes are engaged by street gangs and groups that can terrorize mega cities, and are characterized by the life-style of multiple criminal acts. Youth unemployed crime is a major issue and a aspect of crime which receives great attention from the news media and even politicians. The level and types of unemployed youth can be used by commentators as an indicator of the general state of morality and law and order in a country and consequently assumes a high dimension of criminality. Walklate (2003) assumes that causes of crime should be focused on youth as adult criminals may have likely started offending when they were young. Eadie and Morley (2003) suggest that youth unemployment are crimes disproportionately committed by young men. The theory is that menhip will increase the likelihood of young men offending. That being strong, efficient, violent, confident and competitive may be a way for young men to show their manhood. It can drive young people to engage in anti-social and criminal behaviour. Alternatively, young men may be instinctively more violent and bold than young men who behave in the same manner due to social pressure to adhere to masculine standards. The way young men are treated by parents may make them more vulnerable to crime as well as biological and psychological factors, Walkla (2003).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Police Perception and Decision Making Related to Cult Activities in Rivers State,Nigeria
    Walden University ScholarWorks Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies Collection 2020 Police Perception and Decision Making Related to Cult Activities in Rivers State,Nigeria Stephen Tete Walden University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies Collection at ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Walden University College of Social and Behavioral Sciences This is to certify that the doctoral dissertation by Stephen Tete has been found to be complete and satisfactory in all respects, and that any and all revisions required by the review committee have been made. Review Committee Dr. Timothy Fadgen, Committee Chairperson, Criminal Justice Faculty Dr. Dianne Williams, Committee Member, Criminal Justice Faculty Dr. Howard Henderson, University Reviewer, Criminal Justice Faculty Chief Academic Officer and Provost Sue Subocz, Ph.D. Walden University 2020 Abstract Police Perception and Decision Making Related to Cult Activities in Rivers State, Nigeria by Stephen Tete MPhil, Walden University, 2019 MS, University of Cincinnati, 2015 BS, Georgia State University, 2013 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Criminal Justice Walden University November 2020 Abstract Cult groups are criminal youth gangs in Rivers State and Nigeria that are proscribed by law and engaged in criminal activities. The activities of cult groups are a severe problem confronting the police and communities across Rivers State, Nigeria.
    [Show full text]
  • Draft Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (Esia) Report for the Proposed Bonny Deep Sea Port Project in Bonny Island
    DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (ESIA) REPORT FOR THE PROPOSED BONNY DEEP SEA PORT PROJECT IN BONNY ISLAND, BONNY LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, RIVERS STATE BY FEDERAL MINISTRY OF TRANSPORTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FEDERAL MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT HEADQUARTERS MABUSHI, ABUJA DECEMBER, 2020 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL and social impact ASSESSMENT (esia) REPORT FOR THE PROPOSED BONNY DEEP SEA PORT PROJECT IN BONNY ISLAND, BONNY LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, RIVERS STATE PREPARED BY ESCHOLES INTERGRATED SERVICES RESOURCES LIMITED NAME FUNCTION SIGNATURE 1st Reviewed by Dr. Eseoghene okereka 2nd reviewed Kelvin Olisameka by QA/QC L. A. MORAKINYO Compiled EZEH CHINENYE AYO LAWAL SOPHIA OGE STATUS 01 - DRAFT - December DRAFT ESIA REPORT OF THE PROPOSED BONNY DEEP SEA PORT PROJECT AT BONNY L.G.A, RIVERS STATE BY FEDERAL MINISTRY OF TRANSPORTATION TABLE OF CONTENT List of Tables List of Figures List of Plates List of Abbreviation and Acronyms ESIA preparers Acknowledgement Executive Summary CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background Information 1-1 1.2 Project Proponent 1-2 1.3 Objectives of the ESIA 1-3 1.4 Terms of Reference for the Study 1-4 1.5 Administrative and Legal Framework 1-6 1.5.1National Regulations 1-6 1.5.1.1 Environmental Impact Assessment Act 86 of 1992 1-8 1.5.1.2 Environmental Impact Assessment Sectoral Guidelines for 1-10 Infrastructures 1995 1.5.1.3 National Policy on Environment 2017 1-10 1.5.1.4 National Guidelines and Standard for Water Quality 1999 1-11 1.5.1.5National Guidelines on Environmental Management Systems 1-11 (EMS) 1999
    [Show full text]
  • Ecotourism and National Development in Nigeria: Prospects and Challenges
    Ijeomah & Eniang Proceedings of 6th NSCB Biodiversity Conference; Uniuyo 2018 (1 - 12pp) Ecotourism and National Development in Nigeria: Prospects and Challenges 1Ijeomah, H. M. and 2Eniang, E. A. 1Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B. 5323 Port Harcourt, Rivers, State, Nigeria. 2Department of Forestry and Natural Environmental Management, University of Uyo, P. M. B. 1017, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Corresponding author: [email protected]; [email protected] Abstract: Nigeria is endowed with several resources of international ecological and touristic importance which should serve as the bases for sustainable tourism development but has not derived substantial benefits from the tourism market. With the largest population in Africa that can sustain domestic tourism, and many cultures which reflect in food and environment Nigeria is at advantage to attract both local and international tourists and therefore derive significant benefits for national development. However, the ecotourism resources of Nigeria are not packaged and promoted. Tourism in Nigeria is faced with numerous challenges: the biodiversity components are under serious threat; high rate of poaching and habitat destruction; lack of infrastructures; sabotage; poor global image; high level of insecurity; lack of awareness about tourism and conservation; poor tourism culture; insufficient facilities in eco-destination; poverty; corruption; underfunding; poor motivation of rangers; harassment by security personnel; poor road network and consistent traffic jam and poor maintenance culture amongst others. The tourism attractions in Nigeria when developed, properly packaged and promoted can satisfy the curiosity of almost every kind of tourists; and this will bring about increased benefits such as massive employment, increased revenue generation, local empowerment, foreign exchange earnings, creation of market for local product and development of infrastructures.
    [Show full text]
  • Multinational Corporations As Partners in Curbing Insecurity in Rivers State: the Community Policing Approach
    International Journal of Innovative Development and Policy Studies 7(4):39-44, Oct--Dec., 2019 © SEAHI PUBLICATIONS, 2019 www.seahipaj.org ISSN: 2467- 8465 Multinational Corporations As Partners In Curbing Insecurity In Rivers State: The Community Policing Approach *Daerego Ilomabo Taylor; Prof. I. S. Nzeneri & Dr. G. Adekola Department of Adult Education and Non-formal Education University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria *Corresponding Author: [email protected] ABSTRACT Insecurity has become a major global issue in the last few decades and Nigeria has had a fair share of this menace. There has been growing concerns over the spate of violence, kidnapping, cultism, militancy, killings and other associated crimes in Rivers State and other states in the nation. Some communities have been deserted and companies operating there have left or relocated leaving a huge economic impact on the states and nation at large. In a bid to deal with this issue, successive governments have adopted the traditional policing model in crime fighting but this seems not to have yielded the desired results. The spate of crimes in most communities in Rivers State seems not to have reduced in spite of the efforts of the police and other security forces. There is a need therefore for a change of approach to a more inclusive and integrated efforts from communities, multinationals operating in the communities and the police in curbing crimes and ensuring safer neighbourhoods in the state. This is what the community police model advocates. This study therefore examined the community policing approach and how it takes cognizance of the efforts of both community members and multinational corporations specifically.
    [Show full text]
  • Conflict Management Strategy in Rivers State, a Study of ONELGA Security Planning and Adversely Communities (OSPAC)
    Research Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Vol. 2(1), pp. 1-11, February 2021 Available online http:// www.scholarly-journals.com/RJSSH ISSN 2734-2026 © 2021 Scholarly-Journals Full Length Research Paper Conflict Management Strategy in Rivers State, A study of ONELGA Security Planning and Adversely Communities (OSPAC) Mackintoch Ugochukwu Chukwuemeka and Dr. Emmanuel O. Davies Department of Political Science, Faculty of Social Sciences, Rivers State University, Nkpolu - Oroworukwo, Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Received: 12 January, 2021, Accepted: 10 February, 2021, Published: 26 February, 2021 Nigeria has for decades, been known as a country ridden with serious security and conflict management challenges. Though there are segments of government-oriented law enforcement agencies known as the public security agencies in this paper, the problem of insecurity and crises in the various and different parts of the nation has continued to increase hence the need for complementary efforts. The relevance of the private security agencies, especially those with militia orientation, in security and conflict management in Nigeria in general and in ONELGA Rivers State, in particular, cannot be over- emphasized hence the expediency of the topic: the role and impact of private security agencies in combating crises in Rivers State: a case study of OSPAC in ONELGA. 40 respondents were selected for this study and questionnaires were distributed accordingly. The Likert’s four-point scaling was used to analyze the responses from the field questionnaires. The deterrent theory formed the theoretical background for this work This study has been able to identify some notable successes of the private security agencies as against the public security agencies in the activities of OSPAC in ONELGA.
    [Show full text]
  • Nigeria Security Situation
    Nigeria Security situation Country of Origin Information Report June 2021 More information on the European Union is available on the Internet (http://europa.eu) PDF ISBN978-92-9465-082-5 doi: 10.2847/433197 BZ-08-21-089-EN-N © European Asylum Support Office, 2021 Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. For any use or reproduction of photos or other material that is not under the EASO copyright, permission must be sought directly from the copyright holders. Cover photo@ EU Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid - Left with nothing: Boko Haram's displaced @ EU/ECHO/Isabel Coello (CC BY-NC-ND 2.0), 16 June 2015 ‘Families staying in the back of this church in Yola are from Michika, Madagali and Gwosa, some of the areas worst hit by Boko Haram attacks in Adamawa and Borno states. Living conditions for them are extremely harsh. They have received the most basic emergency assistance, provided by our partner International Rescue Committee (IRC) with EU funds. “We got mattresses, blankets, kitchen pots, tarpaulins…” they said.’ Country of origin information report | Nigeria: Security situation Acknowledgements EASO would like to acknowledge Stephanie Huber, Founder and Director of the Asylum Research Centre (ARC) as the co-drafter of this report. The following departments and organisations have reviewed the report together with EASO: The Netherlands, Ministry of Justice and Security, Office for Country Information and Language Analysis Austria, Federal Office for Immigration and Asylum, Country of Origin Information Department (B/III), Africa Desk Austrian Centre for Country of Origin and Asylum Research and Documentation (ACCORD) It must be noted that the drafting and review carried out by the mentioned departments, experts or organisations contributes to the overall quality of the report, but does not necessarily imply their formal endorsement of the final report, which is the full responsibility of EASO.
    [Show full text]
  • Federal Republic of Nigeria 2004 Appropriation Act Part D
    FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF NIGERIA 2004 APPROPRIATION ACT PART D - CAPITAL EXPENDITURE 2004 CLASSIFICATION DETAILS OF EXPENDITURE APPROPRIATION CODE ACT ANTICIPATED TARGET =N= A B C FEDERAL MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE 2500001002221 National Programme for Food Security 2,000,000,000 Fertilizer Revolving Fund 2,740,000,000 Strategic Grains Reserve Buyer of Last Resort Programme 800,000,000 Silos Completion and Refurbishment Programme 0 Jos, Plateau State 250,000,000 Ezillo, Ebonyi State 230,000,000 Ibadan, Oyo State 114,000,000 Ilorin, Kwara State 245,000,000 Kaduna, Kaduna State 140,000,000 Suleja, Niger 170,000,000 Kufare, Adamawa 50,000,000 Damaturu, Yobe 100,000,000 Gaya, Kano 50,000,000 Establishment of Veterinaery Clinics in the 6 Geopolitical Zones and Central Coordinating Unit in Abuja 170,000,000 Presidential Initiatives on: Rice 100,000,000 Cassava 100,000,000 Livestock 100,000,000 Veritable Oil 100,000,000 Tree Crops. 100,000,000 SPFS/PCU Adaptive Research Extension (Transfer to Technology to Peasant Farmers through unified 210,000,000 National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom - Jos. Surveillance Activities, Field Activities, Allowance for Field Staff, Equipment 150,000,000 Laboratory Activities, Disease diagnosis (Kits), Vaccine Development, Vaccine Production, Equipment, Consumables, Experimental Animal Houses. 150,000,000 Building of Independent Quality Control Laboratories 500,000,000 Institution of Agricultural Research, Zaria Infrastructure, Rehabilitation and Completion of Abandoned Projects 160,000,000 Research activities into Sorghum, Cotton, Groundnut and Irrigation Technologies Nigeria Stored Products Research Institute, Ilorin Development of Colleges of Produce Inspection and Food Storage Technology. 50,000,000 Equipment for Laboratory in NSPRI in Iloring and Sub-stations 125,000,000 Completion of Admin Bloc in NSPRI in Ilorin.
    [Show full text]
  • Customers Safety Concern and the Patronage of Tourism Outfits in South-South, Nigeria
    IMPACT: International Journal of Research in Business (Management IMPACT: IJRBM) ISSN (P): 2347–4572; ISSN (E): 2321–886X Vol. 8, Issue 8, Aug 2020, 9–26 © Impact Journals CUSTOMERS SAFETY CONCERN AND THE PATRONAGE OF TOURISM OUTFITS IN SOUTH-SOUTH, NIGERIA Aham V. Anyanwu, Uduak E. Joseph & Ini Smart Udoh Research Scholar, Department of Marketing, Imo State University, Owerri, Nigeria Research Scholar, Department of Marketing, University of Uyo, Nigeria Research Scholar, Department of Marketing, University of Uyo, Nigeria Received: 07 Aug 2020 Accepted: 27 Aug 2020 Published: 31 Aug 2020 ABSTRACT "The study aimed at investigating the extent of safety considerations that customers relate to the patronage of tourism outfits in South-South, Nigeria." To achieve this objective, the significance of safety to visitor's choice of patronizing tourism outfits was examined. This study adopted the survey research design approach and the population of the study was all on-sight guests found at different hotels located within the region were visiting and staying over for different purposes. The use of this target audience was justified by the definition of tourists by the United Nations World Tourism Organization. Since the total population was unknown, a pilot survey was carried out to help ascertain elements in the confidence interval formula; to achieve an adequate sample size for the study, which resulted in 798 respondents (rounded up to 800). The sampling of respondents was done through the use of a convenient sampling technique. The findings of the study revealed a high relationship between the dependent variable (patronage of tourism outfits) and the independent variable (safety considerations.
    [Show full text]
  • Environmental Impact Assessment of Soku Gas Plant-San Barth Manifold Pipeline Project (Final Report) September 2013
    Shell Petroleum Development Company of Nigeria Limited Operator for the NNPC/Shell/TEPN/AGIP Joint Venture ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF SOKU GAS PLANT-SAN BARTH MANIFOLD PIPELINE PROJECT (FINAL REPORT) SEPTEMBER 2013 EIA of Soku Gas Plant – San Barth Manifold Pipeline Project TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGES Status Page i Table of contents ii List of Tables vii List of Figures ix List of Plates xi List of Abbreviations and Acronyms xiii List of Appendices xv Executive Summary xvi Acknowledgment xxxix List of EIA Preparers xl CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Scope and Objectives of the EIA 2 1.3 Legal and Administrative Framework 2 1.3.1 Regulatory Agencies/Institutions 2 1.3.2 National Legislation 3 1.3.3 State Regulations 4 1.3.4 International Agreements, Protocols and Conventions 4 1.4 Terms of Reference for the EIA 5 1.5 Declaration 6 1.6 Structure of the Report 6 CHAPTER TWO PROJECT JUSTIFICATION 2.1 Project Background 7 2.2 Project Objectives 7 2.3 Need for the Project 7 2.4 Envisaged Benefits 8 2.5 Envisaged Sustainability 8 2.5.1 Economic Sustainability 8 2.5.2 Technical Sustainability 8 2.5.3 Environmental sustainability 8 2.5.4 Social Sustainability 8 2.6 Project Alternatives 9 2.6.1 Overall Project Alternatives 9 2.6.1.1 Option 1: No Project Option 9 2.6.1.2 Option 2: Replacement of Existing Pipeline 9 2.6.1.3 Option 3: Construction of Two Deeply-Buried and Water- Covered Pipelines 9 2.7 Estimated Value of the Project 9 1 EIA of Soku Gas Plant – San Barth Manifold Pipeline Project CHAPTER THREE PROJECT DESCRIPTION
    [Show full text]
  • Nigeria the Price Of
    NIGERIA th 350 Fifth Ave 34 Floor New York, N.Y. 10118-3299 HRW Index No. 1-56432-225-4 January 1999 http://www.hrw.org THE PRICE OF OIL Corporate Responsibility and Human Rights Violations in Nigeria’s Oil Producing Communities 1630 Connecticut Ave, N.W., Suite 500 33 Islington High Street 15 Rue Van Campenhout Washington, DC 20009 London N1 9LH UK 1000 Brussels, Belgium TEL (202) 612-4321 TEL (44171) 713-1995 TEL (322) 732-2009 FAX (202) 612-4333 FAX (44171) 713-1800 FAX (322) 732-0471 Human Rights Watch is dedicated to protecting the human rights of people around the world. We stand with victims and activists to prevent discrimination, to uphold political freedom, to protect people fr om inhumane conduct in wartime, and to bring offenders to justice. We investigate and expose human rights violations and hold abusers accountable. We challenge governments and those who hold power to end abusive practices and respect international hum an rights law. We enlist the public and the international community to support the cause of human rights for all. “The Price of Oil: Corporate Responsibility and Human Rights Violations in Nigeria’s Oil Producing Communities” Copyright © January 1999 by Human Rights Watch. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. ISBN: 156432-225-4 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 99-60123 JANUARY 1999 ISBN: 1-56432-225-4 The Price of Oil Corporate Responsibility & Human Rights Violations In Nigeria’s Oil Producing Communities SUMMARY......................................................................................................................................1 The Role and Responsibilities of the International Oil Companies............................................. 2 The Oil Industry and the Oil Producing Communities ...............................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Peace Building and Crime Reductiopn in Rivers State, Nigeria. a Study of Rivers State Operation Sting Security Outfit
    Quest Journals Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Science Volume 8 ~ Issue 12 (2020)pp: 57-63 ISSN(Online):2321-9467 www.questjournals.org Research Paper Peace Building and Crime Reductiopn in Rivers State, Nigeria. A Study of Rivers State Operation Sting Security Outfit Zoranen, Tombon Kingsley, Maduawuchi Elem Sociology Department Ignatius Ajuru University of Education Rumuolumeni Port Harcourt. Abstract The research examines Rivers State Government Operation security outfit; a peace building instrument to reduce the lingering crime problem in the state. The study was predicated on the negative effect of insecurity on the state economy. To effectively achieve the purpose of this work, research objectives and questions were proposed to guide the work. The study used both primary and secondary sources of data to collect information. The data so collected was analyzed through the use Pie Chart and Simple Percentages. From the analysis, it was revealed among other findings, that the programme can reduce crime but the lack of initial special training of security personnel is a major problem, Based on this, the work recommended. That Rivers state government should design an intensive special training and retraining of the Operation Sting Personnel. Key words: Peace building, Crime reduction and Operation Sting. I. INTRODUCTION Originally conceived in the context of post conflict recovery efforts to promote reconciliation and reconstruction, the term peace building has more recently taken on a broader meaning. It may include providing humanitarian relief, protecting human rights, ensuring security, establishing non violent modes of resolving conflicts, fostering reconciliation, providing trauma healing services, repatriating refugees and resettling internally displaced persons, supporting broad-based education, and aiding in economic reconstruction.
    [Show full text]
  • Criminal Politics RIGHTS Violence, “Godfathers” and Corruption in Nigeria WATCH October 2007 Volume 19, No
    Nigeria HUMAN Criminal Politics RIGHTS Violence, “Godfathers” and Corruption in Nigeria WATCH October 2007 Volume 19, No. 16(A) Criminal Politics Violence, “Godfathers” and Corruption in Nigeria Summary ................................................................................................................. 1 Recommendations ...................................................................................................6 To the government of the Federal Republic of Nigeria: ........................................ 6 To the Nigerian Police Force: .............................................................................. 8 To the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission:........................................... 8 To Nigeria’s foreign partners: ............................................................................. 8 Historical Background and Context ........................................................................ 10 Historical Overview: Dictatorship and Rigged Elections ..................................... 11 A Flawed Transition........................................................................................... 14 Political Violence ................................................................................................... 17 The Scale of Nigeria’s Violence Epidemic .......................................................... 17 The Human Rights Impact of Political Violence ..................................................19 Politicians, Cults and Gangs..............................................................................23
    [Show full text]