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Marius Pluščauskas SKLANDYTUVO LAK-12 MOTORIZAVIMO SU ELEKTROS VARIKLIU TYRIMAS GLIDER LAK-12 with ELECTRIC MOTOR ANALYSIS

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Marius Pluščauskas SKLANDYTUVO LAK-12 MOTORIZAVIMO SU ELEKTROS VARIKLIU TYRIMAS GLIDER LAK-12 with ELECTRIC MOTOR ANALYSIS VILNIAUS GEDIMINO TECHNIKOS UNIVERSITETAS ANTANO GUSTAIČIO AVIACIJOS INSTITUTAS AVIACIJOS TECHNOLOGIJŲ KATEDRA Marius Pluščauskas SKLANDYTUVO LAK-12 MOTORIZAVIMO SU ELEKTROS VARIKLIU TYRIMAS GLIDER LAK-12 WITH ELECTRIC MOTOR ANALYSIS Baigiamasis magistro darbas Orlaivių pilotavimo studijų programa, valstybinis kodas 60103T101 Transporto inžinerijos studijų kryptis Vilnius, 2014 VILNIAUS GEDIMINO TECHNIKOS UNIVERSITETAS ANTANO GUSTAIČIO AVIACIJOS INSTITUTAS AVIACIJOS TECHNOLOGIJŲ KATEDRA TVIRTINU Katedros vedėjas (Parašas) (Vardas, pavardė) (Data) Marius Pluščauskas SKLANDYTUVO LAK-12 MOTORIZAVIMO SU ELEKTROS VARIKLIU TYRIMAS GLIDER LAK-12 WITH ELECTRIC MOTOR ANALYSIS Baigiamasis magistro darbas Orlaivių pilotavimo studijų programa, valstybinis kodas 60103T101 Transporto inžinerijos studijų kryptis Vadovas (Moksl. laipsnis/pedag. vardas, vardas, pavardė) (Parašas) (Data) Lietuvių kalbos konsultantas (Moksl. laipsnis/pedag. vardas, vardas, pavardė) (Parašas) (Data) Vilnius, 2014 ANOTACIJA (LT) Baigiamajame magistro darbe apžvelgiamos sklandytuvų motorizavimo tendencijos, būdai bei reikiama teorinė medžiaga. Nagrinėjamas papildomas pasipriešinimo padidėjimas dėl motorizavimo elektros varikliu, tiriamos būsimos motorizuoto sklandytuvo LAK-12 tiesiaeigio skridimo bei kilimo charakteristikos. Darbo gale pateikiami gauti rezultatai bei suformuluojamos išvados. Reikšminiai žodžiai: motorizavimas, motorinis sklandytuvas, LAK-12, elektros variklis, sklandymas ANOTACIJA (EN) The theses provides an overview of the engine types used for motorizing gliders, tendency and theoretical material. Additional drag due to engine and propeller blades were studied as well as straight and level flight and climb performance. The results and conclusions are given at the end. Words: motorglider, self-sustainer, LAK-12, electric motor, front electric sustainer, gliding TURINYS PAVEIKSLŲ SĄRAŠAS .................................................................................................. 7 LENTELIŲ SĄRAŠAS ..................................................................................................... 9 TERMINAI IR SANTRUMPOS..................................................................................... 10 ĮVADAS .......................................................................................................................... 11 Pagrindiniai darbo uždaviniai:..................................................................................... 11 1. TEORINĖ DALIS ........................................................................................................... 13 1.1. Aviacijos istorija................................................................................................... 13 1.2. Sklandymas .......................................................................................................... 13 1.3. Bendra motorizuotų sklandytuvų apžvalga .......................................................... 15 1.4. Sklandytuvų motorizavimo būdai ........................................................................ 16 1.5. Sklandytuvo LAK-12 „Lietuva“ pasirinkimo motyvai ......................................... 25 1.6. Apibendrinimas .................................................................................................... 25 2. TYRIMO METODŲ ANALIZĖ ..................................................................................... 28 2.1. Nusistovėjusio tiesiaeigio horizontalaus skrydžio lygtys ..................................... 28 2.2. Reikiama trauka .................................................................................................... 29 2.2.1. Grafinis sprendimas ....................................................................................... 30 2.2.2. Analizinis sprendimas ................................................................................... 31 2.3. Sklendimas bei greičių poliarės ............................................................................ 36 2.3.1. Grafinis poliarės aproksimavimo į parabolę sprendimo būdas ..................... 37 2.3.2. Analizinis aproksimavimo į poliarę būdas .................................................... 37 2.3.3. Poliarės perskaičiavimas naujai sklandytuvo masei ...................................... 38 2.4. Lėktuvo aukštėjimas ............................................................................................. 40 2.4.1. Orlaivio aukštėjimo analizinis sprendimas.................................................... 41 2.4.2. Sparčiausias aukštėjimas ............................................................................... 43 2.5. Jėgainės teorija ..................................................................................................... 44 3. TIRIAMASIS ANALITINIS SKYRIUS ........................................................................ 46 3.1. Sklandytuvo LAK-12 poliarės .............................................................................. 46 3.1.1. 430 kg poliarės perskaičiavimas 480 kg masei ............................................. 50 3.2. Sklandytuvo LAK-17a FES poliarės ir propelerio menčių įtakos pasipriešinimui ir kokybei skaičiavimas ................................................................................................................. 51 3.3. Sklandytuvo LAK-12 FES poliarės....................................................................... 53 3.4. Koeficientų K ir 푪푫, ퟎ skaičiavimas .................................................................... 55 3.5. Tiesiaeigio skridimo charakteristikos ................................................................... 58 3.5.1. Esant 480 kg masei ........................................................................................ 59 3.5.2. Esant 650 kg masei ........................................................................................ 63 3.6. Kilimo charakteristikos ........................................................................................ 66 3.6.1. Kilimo charakteristikos, kai masė 480 kg ..................................................... 67 3.6.2. Kilimo charakteristikos, kai masė 650 kg ..................................................... 69 3.7. Optimalios skridimo trajektorijos tyrimas ............................................................ 69 IŠVADOS ........................................................................................................................ 73 LITERATŪRA IR KITI ŠALTINIAI ............................................................................. 75 PRIEDAI ......................................................................................................................... 78 1 priedas. Tarptautinės standartinės atmosferos sąlygos ............................................. 78 2 priedas. FES standartinės įrangos masės .................................................................. 79 3 priedas. FES standartinės įrangos charakteristikos .................................................. 80 PAVEIKSLŲ SĄRAŠAS 1.1 pav. Antares 20E su elektros varikliu, įmontuotu uodegoje (Buchanan 2004) ........................... 18 1.2 pav. Sklandytuvas su FES (LZ...2014) ........................................................................................ 19 1.3 pav. Propelerio sukuriamos traukos priklausomybė nuo greičio (Skrydžio...2010) ................... 20 1.4 pav. Lak-17bfes skridiminių bandymų rezultatai (Paetzold 2014).............................................. 21 1.5 pav. Turboreaktyvinis variklis (Schramek 2012) ........................................................................ 21 1.6 pav. Sklandytuvas su pulsiniu-reaktyviniu varikliu (Antares 18P...) ......................................... 23 2.1 pav. Nusistovėjusio horizontalaus skrydžio jėgų schema ........................................................... 28 2.2 pav. Sklandytuvo LAK-12 reikiamos traukos kreivė 305 m aukštyje, kai masė 480 kg ............. 29 2.3 pav. Sklandytuvo LAK-12 pasipriešinimo priklausomybė nuo greičio 305 m aukštyje, kai masė 480 kg ................................................................................................................................................ 31 2.4 pav. Tipinė lėktuvo aerodinaminės kokybės priklausomybė nuo atakos kampo. Taškas 1 atitinka lėktuvo maksimalią aerodinaminę kokybę 퐸푚푎푥 (Skrydžio...2010) ................................................ 32 2.5 pav. Kai 푇푅 yra didesnė už minimalią reikšmę, yra du ją atitinkantys greičiai, mažas greitis 푉2 ir didelis greitis 푉1 (Skrydžio...2010) ................................................................................................... 34 2.6 pav. Skrydžio aukščio įtaka minimalios reikiamos traukos režimui (Skrydžio...2010) .............. 35 2.7 pav. Sklendžiančio sklandytuvo jėgų schema ............................................................................. 36 2.8 pav. 퐶퐷 nuo 퐶퐿2 priklausomybės grafikas su aproksimuota tiese ............................................. 37 2.9 pav. Greičių poliarės taško P pasislinkimas, didėjant orlaivio masei ......................................... 39 2.10 pav. Orlaivio aukštėjimas .......................................................................................................... 40 2.11 pav. Jėgų ir greičių schema lėktuvo aukštėjimo metu .............................................................. 41 2.12 pav. Orlaivio su propelerine jėgaine maksimalios aukštėjimo spartos sąlygos, kai turima trauka nepriklauso nuo greičio (Skrydžio...2010) ........................................................................................
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