7.5 X 11.5.Doubleline.P65

Cambridge University Press 0521605199 - The Ecology of Phytoplankton C. S. Reynolds Index More information

Index to lakes, rivers and seas

LAKES AND Carrilaufquen Chica, Argentina Garda, Lago di, Italy 45◦ 35 N, RESERVOIRS 41◦ 13 S, 69◦ 26 W 335 10◦ 25 E 330, 331 Table 7.4 Carrilaufquen Grande, Argentina George, Lake, Uganda 0◦ 0 N, ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ 41 7 S, 69 28 W 335 30 10 E 59, 105, 344 Akan-Panke, Japan 43 27 N, ◦ ◦ ◦ Castle Lake, California, USA Grasmere, UK 54 28 N, 3 1 W241, 144 06 E 326 ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ 41 332 Table 7.5, 333, 352 Ammersee, Germany 48 N, 11 6 E 14 N, 122 23 W167 ◦ 54 S, Great Bear Lake, Canada 66◦ N, 329, 330 Table 7.3 Caviahue, Lago, Argentina 37 70◦ 35 W 425 120◦ W 323 Aralskoye More, ◦ ◦ ◦ Como, Lago di, Italy 45 58 N, Great Slave Lake, Canada 62 N, Kazakhstan/Uzbekistan 45 N, ◦ ◦ ◦ 9 15 E 330, 331 Table 7.4 114 W 324 60 E318,353 ◦ ◦ ◦ Coniston Water, UK 54 20 N, Hamilton Harbour, Lake Ontario, Arresø, Denmark 55 59 N, 12 7 E 3◦ Canada 43◦ ◦ 344 4 W 331, 332 Table 7.5 15 N, 79 51 E 344 Attersee, Austria 47◦ 50 N, 13◦ 35 E Correntoso, Lago, Argentina Hartbeespoort Dam, South Africa 40◦ 24 S, 71◦ 35 W 336 25◦ 24 S, 27◦ 30 E215 329, 330 Table 7.3 ◦ ◦ ◦ Balaton, Hungary 46◦ 50 N, 18◦42 E Crater Lake, Oregon, USA 42 56 N, Hawes Water, UK 54 31 N, 2 48 W 122◦ 8 W 111, 117 Table 3.2 331, 332 Table 7.5 89, 345, 354 ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Crose Mere, UK 52 53 N, 2 50 WE Huron, Lake, Canada/USA 44 30 N, Balkhash, Ozero, Kazakhstan 46 N, ◦ ◦ 109, 117 Table 3.2, 245, 339, 82 W 323 76 E 343, 344 ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ 368, 373 Iseo, Lago d’, Italy 45 43 N, 10 4 E Bangweolo, Zambia 11 S, 30 E 343 ◦ ◦ Crummock Water, UK 54 31 N, 330, 331 Table 7.4 Bassenthwaite Lake, UK 54 39 N, ◦ ◦ ◦ 3 18 W 332 Table 7.5 Issyk-kul, Ozero, Kyrgyzstan 43 N, 3 12 W 332 Table 7.5 Dead Sea, Israel/Jordan 31◦ 25 N, 78◦ E 89, 325 Bautzen Reservoir, Germany ◦ ◦ ◦ 35 29 W172 Kaspiyskoye More, Azerbaijan/ 51 11 N, 14 29 E 403 ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Derwent Water, UK 54 34 N, 3 8 W Iran/Kazakhstan/Russia/ Baykal, Ozero, Russia 53 N, 108 E 331, 332 Table 7.5 Turkmenistan 42◦ N, 89, 322, 324, 390 Drontermeer, Netherlands 52◦ 16 N, 51◦ E 322 Bayley-Willis, Lago, Argentina ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ 5 32 E 345 Kasumigaura-Ko, Japan 36 0 N, 40 39 S, 71 43 W196 ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Eglwys Nynydd, UK 51 33 N, 140 26 E 235, 345 Biwa-Ko, Japan 35 N, 136 W 142, 3◦ 44 W 82, 87 Kilotes, Lake, Ethiopia 7◦ 5 N, 219, 327 ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ 32 N, 25 E 113, 117 Table 3.2 Blelham Tarn, UK 54 24 N, 2 58 W Ennerdale Water, UK 54 38 3◦ 23 W 332 Table 7.5 Kinneret, Yam, Israel 32◦ 50 N, 82, 120, 245, 284, 332 Table 7.5, ◦ ◦ 333 Erie, Lake, Canada/USA 41 45 N, 35 30 E 233, 327, 366 81◦ W 290, 323, 324 Kivu, Lac, D. R. Congo/Rwanda 2◦ S, Bodensee, Austria/Germany/ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ¨ Switzerland 47 40 N, 9 20 E Erken, Sjon, Sweden 59 25 N, 29 E 339, 341 ◦ ¨ ◦ 48 Table 2.2, 71, 329, 330 Table 18 15 E 338 Konigsee, Germany 47 40 N, Espejo, Lago, Argentina 40◦ 36 S, 12◦ 55 E 329, 330 Table 7.3 7.3 ◦ ◦ ◦ 71 48 W 336 Lacar, Lago, Argentina 40 10 S, Brothers Water, UK 54 21 N, ◦ ◦ ◦ Esrum Sø, Denmark 56 00 N, 71 30 W 336 2 56 W 332 Table 7.5 ◦ ◦ ◦ 12 22 E 338 Ladozhskoye, Ozero, Russia 61 N, Budworth Mere, UK 53 17 N, ◦ ◦ ◦ Esthwaite Water, UK 54 21 N, 32 E 89, 324 2 31 W 344 3◦ 0 W 88, 108, 126, 295, 332, Lanao, Philippines 7◦ 52 N, Buenos Aires/General Carrera, Lago, ◦ ◦ ◦ 332 Table 7.5, 370, 371, 390 124 13 E 233, 342, 354 Argentina/Chile 46 35 S, 72 W Eyre, Lake, Australia 29◦ S, 137◦ E Léman, Lac, France/Switzerland 322 ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ 343 46 22 N, 6 33 E 329, 330 Table Buttermere, UK 54 33 N, 3 16 W Fairmont Lakes Reservoir, 7.3 332 Table 7.5 Minnesota, USA 43◦ 16 N, Llanquihue, Lago, Chile 41◦ 6 S, Cabora Bassa Dam, Mozambique ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ 93 47 W416 72 48 W 336 15 38 S, 33 11 E 205 ◦ ◦ ◦ Fonck, Lago, Argentina 41 20 S, Loughrigg Tarn, UK 54 26 N, Carioca, Lagoa, Brasil 19 10 S, ◦ ◦ ◦ 71 44 W196 3 1 W 332 Table 7.5 42 1 W115

508

INDEX TO LAKES, RIVERS AND SEAS 509

Lowes Water, UK 54◦ 34 N, 3◦ 21 W Ontario , Lake, Canada/USA Trummen, Sjon,¨ Sweden 56◦ 52 N, 332, 332 Table 7.5 43◦ 40 N, 78◦ W 324 14◦ 50 E413 Lugano, Lago di, Italy 45◦ 57 N, P. K. le Roux Reservoir, South Africa Turkana (formerly Lake Rudolf), 8◦ 58 E 330, 331 Table 7.4 30◦ 0 S, 24◦ 44 E 113, 117 Kenya/Ethiopia 4◦ N, 36◦ E Maggiore, Lago, Italy/Switzerland Table 3.2 339 46◦ N, 8◦ 40 E 330, 330 Table Ranco, Lago, Chile 40◦ 12 S, Ullswater, UK 54◦ 35 N, 2◦ 53 W 7.3, 331 Table 7.4 72◦ 25 W 336 332, 332 Table 7.5 Malham Tarn, UK 54◦ 6 N, 2◦ 4 W Rapel, Embalse de Chile 34◦ 2 S, Valencia, Lago, Venezuela 10◦ 11 N, 129 71◦ 35 S 233 67◦ 40 W 342 Malaren,¨ Sweden 59◦ 18 N, 17◦ 6 E Red Rock Tarn, Australia 38◦ 20 S, Veluwemeer, Netherlands 52◦ 55 N, 198 Fig. 5.6 143◦ 30 W105 5◦ 45 E 345, 410 Malawi, Lake (formerly Lake Nyasa), Rostherne Mere, UK 53◦ 21 N, Victoria, Lake, Malawi/Mozambique/Tanzania 2◦ 23 W 119, 339, 366 Kenya/Tanzania/Uganda 1◦ S, 12◦ S, 35◦ E 339, 340 Rotongaio, Lake, New Zealand 33◦ E 339, 341 Matano, Danau, Indonesia 2◦ 35 S, 38◦ 40 S, 176◦ 2 E121 Vierwaldstattersee,¨ Switzerland 121◦ 23 E 322 Rydal Water, UK 54◦ 27 N, 3◦ 0 W 47◦ N, 8◦ 20 E 59, 329, 330 Memphr´emagog, Lac, Canada/USA 332 Table 7.5 Table 7.3 45◦ 5 N, 72◦ 16 W89 Sagami-Ko, Japan 35◦ 24 N, 139◦ 6 E Villarrica, Lago, Chile 39◦ 15 S, Mendota, Lake, USA 43◦ 21 N, 198 Fig. 5.6 72◦ 35 W 336 89◦ 25 W 289 Schlachtensee, Germany 52◦ 28 N, Volta Grande Reservoir, Brasil Michigan, Lake, USA 43◦ 45 N, 13◦ 25 E410 20◦ 4 S, 48◦ 13 W 415 86◦ 30 W 290, 323, 324, 390 Schohsee,¨ Germany 54◦ 10 N, Vostok, Lake, Antarctica approx. Mikolajske, Jezioro, Poland 53◦ 10 N, 10◦ 25 E 338 85◦ S, 50◦ W 322 21◦ 33 E 298, 339 Sniardwy,´ Poland 53◦ 45 N, 21◦ 45 E Wahnbach Talsperre, Germany Millstatter¨ See, Austria 46◦ 48 N, 344 50◦ 50 N, 7◦ 8 E 409 13◦ 33 E 325, 350 Søbygaard, Denmark 56◦ 3 N, Walensee, Switzerland 47◦ 7 N, Montezuma’s Well, Arizona, USA 9◦ 40 E413 9◦ 16 E 330 Table 7.3 34◦ 37 N, 111◦ 51 W 233, 241 St James’s Park Lake, UK 51◦ 30 N, Washington, Lake, Washington, USA Murtensee, Switzerland, 46◦ 55 N, 0◦ 9 E 345 47◦ 35 N, 122◦ 14 W 408 7◦ 5 E115 Stechlinsee, Germany 53◦ 10 N, Wast Water, UK 54◦ 26 N, 3◦ 17 W Mount Bold Reservoir, Australia, 13◦ 3 E 326, 337 332 Table 7.5 35◦ 0 S, 138◦ 48 E 113, 117 Superior, Lake, Canada/USA Wellington Reservoir, Australia Table 3.2 47◦ 30 N, 89◦ W 117 Table 3.2, 33◦ 20 S, 116◦ 2 E Fig 29 Nauel Huapi, Lago, Argentina 323 Windermere, UK 54◦ 20 N, 2◦ 53 W 40◦ 50 S, 71◦ 50 W 336 Tahoe, Lake, California/Nevada, USA 80, 115, 117 Table 3.2, 119, 221, Neagh, Lough, UK 54◦ 55 N, 6◦ 30 W 39◦ N, 120◦ W 198 Fig. 5.6 225, 245, 247, 284, 289, 292, 48 Table 2.2, 72, 345 Tai Hu, China 31◦ N, 120◦ E 344 332, 332 Table 7.5, 333, 354, Negra, Laguna, Chile 37◦ 49 S, Tanganyika, Lac, Burundi/ D. R. 368, 401, 402 70◦ 2 W113 Congo/Tanzania/Zambia 6◦ S, Winnipeg, Lake, Canada 53◦ S, Ness, Loch, UK 57◦ 16 N, 4◦ 30 W 30◦ E 263, 339, 340, 392 98◦ W 343 126, 390 Tchad, Lac, Chad/Niger/Nigeria Wolderwijd, Netherlands 52◦ 29 N, Neusiedlersee, Austria/Hungary 12◦ 30 N, 14◦ 30 E 105, 343, 5◦ 51 E 345 47◦ 47 N, 16◦ 44 E 377 Fig. 7.22 344 Worthersee,¨ Austria 46◦ 37 N, Nyos, Lake, Cameroon 6◦ 40 N, Thames Valley Reservoirs, UK 14◦ 10 E 325 10◦ 13 E126 51◦ 30 N, 0◦ 40 W 139, 405, 415, Zurichsee,¨ Switzerland 47◦ 12 N, N’zigi (formerly Lake Albert), D. R. 416 8◦ 42 E 59, 235, 330 Table 7.3, Congo/Uganda 1◦ 50 N, 31◦ E Thirlmere, UK 54◦ 32 N, 3◦ 4 W 332 366 339 Table 7.5 Oak Mere, UK 53◦ 13 N, 2◦ 39 W Titicaca, Lago, Bolivia/Peru 15◦ 40 S, 339, 345, 425 69◦ 35 W 342 RIVERS AND Okeechobee, Lake, Florida, USA Todos Los Santos, Lago, Chile ESTUARIES 27◦ N, 81◦ W413 41◦ 5 S, 72◦ 15 W 336 Onezhskoye, Ozero, Russia 62◦ N, Traful, Lago, Argentina 40◦ 36 S, Angara, Russia 55◦ 50 N, 110◦ 0 E 36◦ E 89, 324, 325 71◦ 25 W 336 322

510 INDEX TO LAKES, RIVERS AND SEAS

Ashes Hollow, UK 52◦ 30 N, 2◦ 50 W Gulf of Bothnia 62◦ N, 20◦ E112, Trondheimsfjord 64◦ N, 9◦ E311 48 Table 2.2 312 Ullsfjord 71◦ N, 27◦ E311 Danube, Romania/Russia 43◦ 15 N, Gulf of Finland 60◦ N, 28◦ E 312 Mediterranean Sea 29◦ 35 E 312 Gulf of Maine 43◦ N, 68◦ W310, Black Sea 43◦ N, 35◦ E 259, 312 Dnepr, Ukraine 46◦ 30 N, 32◦ 0 E 407 Golfo di Napoli 40◦ 45 N, 14◦ 15 E 313 Gulf of Mexico 25◦ N, 90◦ W 313 Dnestr, Moldova/Ukraine 46◦ 3 N, Gulf Stream (Bahamas) 25◦ N, Tyrrhenian Sea 40◦ N, 12◦ E 30◦ 23 E 312 75◦ W 313 Don, Ukraine 47◦ 11 N, 39◦ 10 E 313 English Channel 50◦ N, 2◦ W 234, Indian Ocean 111, 134, 162 Guadiana, at Mourão, Portugal 310, 311 Andaman Sea 12◦ N, 96◦ E 309 38◦ 24 N, 7◦ 22 W 242 Irish Sea – Clyde Estuary Arabian Sea 15◦ N, 65◦ E 309 Mississippi, USA 29◦ 0 N, 89◦ 20 W 55◦ 50 N, 5◦ 00 W112 Arafura Sea 10◦ S, 135◦ E310 126 Irish Sea – Severn Estuary Red Sea 20◦ N, 38◦ E40 Selenga, Russia 52◦ 15 N, 106◦ 40 E 51◦ 20 N, 4◦ 00 W 48 Table 2.2, Pacific Ocean 322 117 Table 3.2 ALOHA 22◦ 45 N, 158◦ W Severn, UK 51◦ 20 N, 3◦ W112,242 Labrador Sea 60◦ N, 55◦ W 306 305 Thames, at Reading, UK 51◦ 27 N, Naragansett Bay (RI) 41◦ 23 N, Baja California 25◦ N, 110◦ W 0◦ 29 W 48 Table 2.2 71◦ 24 W310 407 White Nile, Sudan/Uganda 15◦ 30 N, North Atlantic Drift Current California Current (San Francisco) 32◦ 50 E 339 45◦ N, 45◦ W 289, 306 35◦ N, 115◦ W 309 North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre East China Sea 30◦ N, 125◦ E (Mauritania/Senegal) 15◦ N, 310 OCEANS AND SEAS 20◦ W 309 Kuroshio Current 40◦ N, 150◦ E North Atlantic Tropical Gyre 5◦ N, 306, 307 Arctic Ocean 15◦ W 306 North Pacific Subtropical Gyre Polar Basin 80◦ N, 180◦ W 306 North Sea 56◦ N, 4◦ E 1, 310, 407, 25◦ N, 160◦ W 133, 162, 304, Atlantic Ocean 111, 134 427 354, 382 Baltic Sea 55◦ N, 20◦ E 134, 310, Norwegian Sea 70◦ N, 0◦ E 306, Peru Current (Galapagos Islands) 312, 426 307 5◦ S, 90◦ W 134, 309 Bay of Fundy 45◦ N, 66◦ W42 Øresund 56◦ 00 N, 12◦ 50 E Polar Front ∼40◦ S 308 Benguela Current (Gabon) 0◦ N, Oslofjord 59◦ N, 11◦ E 101, 312 Sea of Okhotsk 55◦ N, 90◦ W 134, 0◦ E 134, 309 Ria de Vigo 42◦ N, 9◦ W 311, 313 310 Canaries Current 30◦ N, 15◦ W 309 Sargasso Sea 30◦ N, 60◦ W 111, 117 South Pacific Gyre 25◦ S, 140◦ W Table 3.2, 162 306 Grand Banks of Newfoundland St Lawrence Estuary 49◦ N, 64◦ W Southern Ocean 60◦ S, 30◦ E 168, 45◦ N, 52◦ W310,427 134, 407 306, 307

Index to genera and species of phytoplankton

Genera mentioned in the text are listed together with their systematic position (Phylum ORDER) and authorities for each species are cited. Synonyms are included where appropriate. Entries are sufﬁxed ‘M’ or ‘F’ to indicate marine or freshwater occurrence, or ‘M/F’ for genera appearing in both. The bold entry for freshwater species (A, B, etc.) refers to the trait selected functional grouping of Reynolds et al. (2002) as summarised in Table 7.1.

Achnanthes (Bacillariophyta Anabaena solitaria Kleb. F, H2 233, Aphanizomenon flos-aquae Ralfs ex BACILLARIALES) M/F 7 Table 1.1 332, 335, 336 Born. et Flah. F, H1 24, 26 Table Achnanthes taeniata Grun. M 306, Anabaena spiroides Kleb. F, H1 338 1.2, 184 Table 5.0,186,219Table 312 Anabaenopsis (Cyanobacteria 5.4, 312, 333, 338, 339, 426 Actinocyclus (Bacillariophyta NOSTOCALES) F 6 Table 1.1, 26 Aphanizomenon gracile Lemm. F, BIDDULPHIALES) M/F 309, 312, Table 1.2, 81, 205, 341, 344, 401 probably H2 233 317, 353 Anacystis (Cyanobacteria Aphanocapsa (Cyanobacteria Alexandrium (Dinophyta CHROOCOCCALES) F CHROOCOCCALES) F GONYAULACALES) M 233, 312, Genus defunct, part of Several species, all colonial; F, K; 313 Synechococcus free cells are picoplanktic Alexandrium tamarense (Lebour) Anacystis nidulans, see also Synechoccus, Z Balech M 201, 311, 407 Synechococcus 183 Aphanothece (Cyanobacteria Amphidinium (Dinophyta Ankistrodesmus (Chlorophyta CHROOCOCCALES) F, K 6 Table GYMNODINIALES) M 7 Table 1.1 CHLOROCOCCALES) F 6 Table 1.1, 26 Table 1.2, 320 Table 7.1, Amphisolenia (Dinophyta 1.1, 344, 425 344 DINOPHYSIALES) M 203 Table Once large genus, many separated Arthrodesmus (Chlorophyta 5.2, 234 into other genera ZYGNEMATALES) F 6 Table 1.1 Anabaena (Cyanobacteria Ankistrodesmus braunii 184 Table Arthrospira (Cyanobacteria NOSTOCALES) mostly F 6 Table 5.0 OSCILLATORIALES) mostly F 6 1.1, 26 Table 1.2, 58, 59, 65, 67, Ankistrodesmus falcatus, see also Table 1.1, 26 Table 1.2, 320 81, 121, 129, 130, 165, 172, 205, Monoraphidium contortum 338 Table 7.1 206, 213, 216, 226, 228, 229, Ankyra (Chlorophyta Asterionella (Bacillariophyta 230, 232, 241, 249, 271, 293, CHLOROCOCCALES) F 6 Table BACILLARIALES), M/F 7 Table 297, 328, 329, 330, 333, 340, 1.1, 82, 212, 218, 226, 228, 229, 1.1, 23, 24, 33 Table 1.6, 54, 63, 341, 342, 344, 366, 401, 404, 405 230, 231, 232, 247, 274, 284, 64, 65, 66, 67, 80, 158, 172, 191, Anabaena circinalis Rabenh. ex 285, 300, 320 Table 7.1, 333, 192, 195, 196, 197, 201, 202, Born. et Flah. F, H1 24, 26 344, 359, 370 206, 207, 208, 213, 218, 220, Table 1.2, 57 Table 2.4, 339 Ankyra judayi (G. M. Smith) Fott F, 221, 222, 224, 225, 226, 228, Anabaena cylindrica Lemmermann X1 20 Table 1.1, 26 Table 1.2, 231, 233, 242, 245, 246, 248, F, SN?187 219 Table 5.4, 277 Table 6.3, 284 249, 269, 270, 274, 280, 290, Anabaena flos-aquae (Lyngb.) Bréb. Table 6.4, 285 Table 6.5, 338 292, 293, 294, 298, 299, 300, ex Born. et Flah. F, H1 54 Table Anthosphaera (Haptophyta 325, 329, 333, 338, 339, 344, 2.3, 157 Table 4.2, 165, 184 COCCOLITHOPHORIDALES) M 365, 378 Table 5.0, 194, 195, 219 Table 312 Asterionella formosa Hassall. F, B 5.4, 248, 320 Table 7.1, 333, 338 Apedinella (Chrysophyta and C 20 Table 1.1, 26 Table 1.2, Anabaena lemmermannii Richter F, PEDINELLALES) M 7 Table 1.1 29 Table 1.3, 31, 31 Table 1.5, H2 58, 233, 312, 320 Table 7.1, Apedinella spinifera (Throndsen) 32, 52, 54 Table 2.3, 61 Table 322, 332, 426 Throndsen M 35 Table 1.7 2.5, 63, 66, 107, 113, 119, 129, Anabaena minutissima Pridmore F, Aphanizomenon (Cyanobacteria 157 Table 4.2, 184 Table 5.1, SN 320 Table 7.1 NOSTOCALES) mostly F 6 Table 195, 197, 202, 219 Table 5.4, Anabaena ovalisporum Forti F, H2 1.1, 26 Table 1.2, 59, 67, 81, 129, 220, 221 Table 5.5, 221 Table 327 165, 205, 216, 230, 233, 320 5.6, 232, 245, 246, 247, 277 Anabaena planctonica Brunnth. F, Table 7.1, 325, 330, 341, 401, Table 6.3, 320 Table 7.1, 324, H2? 338 404, 405 326, 328, 330, 331, 338

511

512 INDEX TO GENERA AND SPECIES OF PHYTOPLANKTON

Asterionella (Bacillariophyta) (cont.) Calciopappus (Haptophyta Chaetoceros diadema (Ehrenb.) Gran Asterionella japonica Cleve M 234, COCCOLITHOPHORIDALES) M M 306, 310 311 312 Chaetoceros neglectus Karsten M 308 Aulacoseira (Bacillariophyta Carteria (Chlorophyta VOLVOCALES) Chaetoceros radicans Schutt¨ M 311 BIDDULPHIALES) F 7 Table 1.1, F 234, 311 Chaetoceros socialis Lauder M 311, 23, 28, 54, 62, 63, 130, 177, 213, Cerataulina (Bacillariophyta 312, 313 214, 243, 245, 249, 250, 325, BIDDULPHIALES) M 7 Table 1.1, Chilomonas (Cryptophyta 329, 336, 341, 342, 344, 415 234, 312, 317 CRYPTOMONADALES) F 6 Table Aulacoseira alpigena Cerataulina bergonii H. Perag. M 1.1 (Grun.) Krammer F, A (also 312 Chlamydocapsa (Chlorophyta recorded as Melosira distans) 203 Cerataulina pelagica (Cleve) Hendey TETRASPORALES) F 293 Table 5.2 M 311, 312 Chlamydocapsa planctonica (W. and Aulacoseira ambigua (Grun.) Ceratium (Dinophyta .G. S.West) Fott F, F (formerly Simonsen 232, 320 Table 7.1, GONYAULACALES, M/F 7 Table known as Gloeocystis planctonica) 326 1.1, 13, 24, 60, 68, 88, 206, 213, 57 Table 2.4 Aulacoseira baicalensis (K. I. Mey.) 216, 218, 219, 228, 230, 231, Chlamydomonas (Chlorophyta Simonsen F, A 322 232, 233, 234, 249, 293, 295, VOLVOCALES) M/F 6 Table 1.1, Aulacoseira binderana Kutz.¨ F, B 26 311, 320 Table 7.1, 329, 330, 35 Table 1.7, 49, 78, 212, Table 1.2 331, 332, 333, 338, 339, 348, 232, 233, 312, 326, 333, 343, 352, 425 Aulacoseira granulata (Ehrenb.) 366, 370, 371, 381, 385 Chlamydomonas reinhardtii P. A. Simonsen F, P 6 Table 1.1, 29 Ceratium arcticum (Ehrenb.) Cleve Dangeard F, X1 127, 157 Table Table 1.3, 123, 219 Table 5.4, M 306, 307 4.2 232, 320 Table 7.1, 324, 327, Ceratium azoricum Cleve M 307 Chlorella (Chlorophyta 328, 330, 336, 339, 340, 341, Ceratium carriense Gourret M 307 CHLOROCOCCALES) F 32, 33 373 Ceratium furca (Ehrenb.) M 307, Table 1.6, 113, 127, 137, 148, Aulacoseira islandica (O. Muller)¨ 310, 311, 316 150, 182, 184 Table 5.0, 188, Simonsen F, C 225, 233, 320 Ceratium fusus (Ehrenb.) M 234, 196, 207, 208, 209, 212, 230, Table 7.1, 322, 323, 324, 330 306, 307, 310, 311, 312, 313, 231, 260, 298, 320 Table 7.1, Aulacoseira solida (Eulenstein) 316 324, 333, 343, 344, 352, 357, Krammer F, B 225, 233, 320 Ceratium hexacanthum Gourret M 365, 370, 378, 425 Table 7.1, 322, 323, 324, 330 307 Chlorella minutissima Fott et Aulacoseira subarctica (O. Muller)¨ Ceratium hirundinella (O. F. Muller)¨ Novakov´ aF,´ X3 203 Table 5.2, Haworth F, B 29 Table 1.3, 54 Dujardin F, LM 6 Table 1.1, 20 332 Table 2.3, 61 Table 2.5, 62, 129, Table 1.1, 83, 129, 184 Table 5.0, Chlorella pyrenoidosa Chick F X1 20 202, 225, 233, 247, 320 Table 205, 216, 219 Table 5.4, 229, Table 1.1, 26 Table 1.2, 157 7.1, 324, 325, 331, 333 248, 325, 338, 339 Table 4.2, 424 Aureococcus (Bacillariophyta Ceratium lineatum (Ehrenb.) M 307 Chlorella vulgaris Beijerinck F, X1 BIDDULPHIALES) M 407 Ceratium longipes (Bail.) Gran M (includes strains formerly 306, 307, 310, 312 known as Chlorella pyrenoidosa) Bacillaria (Bacillariophyta Ceratium tripos (O. F. Muller)¨ 54 Table 2.3, 61 Table 2.5 BIDDULPHIALES) M Nitzsch M 305, 307, 310, 311, Chlorobium (Anoxyphotobacteria)F Bacteriastrum (Bacillariophyta 312, 313, 316 321 Table 7.1 BIDDULPHIALES) M 203 Table Chaetoceros (Bacillariophyta Chlorobotrys (Eustigmatophyta)F6 5.2, 311 BIDDULPHIALES) mostly M 7 Table 1.1, 424 Binuclearia (Chlorophyta Table 1.1, 60, 306, 307, 310, 311, Chlorococcum (Chlorophyta ULOTRICHALES) F 233, 259 312, 313, 314, 317, 353 CHLOROCOCCALES) F 54 Table Bitrichia (Chrysophyta Chaetoceros atlanticum Cleve M 308 2.3, 61 Table 2.5, 352 HIBBERDIALES) F 7 Table 1.1 Chaetoceros compressus Lauder M Chlorogonium (Chlorophyta Botryococcus (Chlorophyta 234, 310, 311, 312 VOLVOCALES) F 326 CHLOROCOCCALES) F 6 Table Chaetoceros convolutum Castracene Choricystis (Chlorophyta 1.1, 54, 320 Table 7.1, 322, 339, M 307 CHLOROCOCCALES) F 6 Table 344 Chaetoceros curvisetum Cleve M 313 1.1, 328 Botryococcus braunii Kutzing¨ F, F Chaetoceros debilis Cleve M 309, Chromatium (Anoxyphotobacteria)F 331, 425 310, 311, 312 321 Table 7.1

INDEX TO GENERA AND SPECIES OF PHYTOPLANKTON 513

Chromulina (Chrysophyta Coelastrum (Chlorophyta Cryptomonas erosa Ehrenb. F, Y 334 CHROMULINALES) F 7 Table 1.1, CHLOROCOCCALES) F 320 Table Cryptomonas marssoni Skuja F, Y 20 Table 1.1, 247, 251, 284, 300, 7.1, 341, 344 334 328, 425 Coelastrum microporum Nageli¨ F, J Cryptomonas ovata Ehrenb. F, Y 6 Chroococcus (Cyanobacteria Coenochloris (Chlorophyta Table 1.1, 20 Table 1.2, 184 CHROOCOCCALES) F 6 Table CHLOROCOCCALES) F 24, Table 5.0, 219 Table 5.4, 226, 1.1, 26 Table 1.2, 171, 325, 327 56, 82, 129, 203 Table 5.2, 276, 277 Table 6.3, 334, 338, Chroomonas (Cryptophyta 210, 228, 273, 293, 320 339 CRYPTOMONADALES) M/F 6 Table 7.1, 325, 326, 340, Cryptomonas profunda Butcher M Table 1.1, 338 359 35 Table 1.7 Chroomonas salina (Wislouch) Coenochloris fottii (Hindak)´ Cyanobium (Cyanobacteria Butcher M 35 Table 1.7 Tsarenko F, F (formerly known CHROOCOCCALES), F 213, 269, Chrysochromulina (Haptophyta as Sphaerocystis schroeteri)57 327 PRYMNESIALES) M/F 7 Table 1.1, Table 2.4, 219 Table 5.4, 230, Picoplanktic Z, free cells of 13, 233, 234, 251, 312, 320 Table 248, 331 Cyanodictyon or Synechocystis 7.1, 323, 324, 327, 330, 331, 336, Coenococcus (Chlorophyta Cyanodictyon (Cyanobacteria 338, 343, 402 CHLOROCOCCALES) F 231 CHROOCOCCALES) F 213, 269 Chrysochromulina herdlensis Coenocystis (Chlorophyta Two species, all colonial; F, K?; Leadbeater M 35 Table 1.7 CHLOROCOCCALES) F 203 Table free cells are picoplanktic Chrysochromulina parva Lackey F, 5.2, 212 Cyanobium, Z X2 20 Table 1.1, 338 Genus includes some species Cyanophora (Glaucophyta)F,X1 6 Chrysochromulina polylepis Manton previously attributed to Table 1.1, 11 et Parke M 312, 407 Coccomyxa Cyanothece (Cyanobacteria Chrysococcus (Chrysophyta Corethron (Bacillariophyta CHROOCOCCALES), F 269 CHROMULINALES) F 7 Table 1.1, BIDDULPHIALES) M 307, 311 Relatively new genus 20 Table 1.1, 251, 320 Table 7.1, Corethron criophilum Castracene M accommodating larger species 332 306, 308 of Synechococcus, X2? Chrysolykos (Chrysophyta Corethron hystrix Hensen M 307 Cyathomonas (Cryptophyta CHROMULINALES) F 7 Table 1.1, Coscinodiscus (Bacillariophyta CRYPTOMONADALES) M/F 159, 203 Table 5.2 BIDDULPHIALES) mostly M 307, 425 Chrysosphaerella (Chrysophyta 309, 310, 312, 317, 341 Cyclococcolithus (Haptophyta CHROMULINALES) F 7 Table 1.1, Coscinodiscus subbulliens Jørgensen COCCOLITHOPHORIDALES) M 129, 213 M 306 234 Clathrocystis (Anoxyphotobacteria)F Coscinodiscus wailseii Gran et Angst. Cyclococcolithus fragilis (Lohmann) 6 Table 1.1 M 50, 53 Deﬂandre M 234 Closterium (Chlorophyta Cosmarium (Chlorophyta Cyclostephanos (Bacillariophyta ZYGNEMATALES) F 6 Table 1.1, ZYGNEMATALES) F 6 Table 1.1, BIDDULPHIALES) F 340, 341 23, 192, 340, 341, 344 129, 202, 203 Table 5.2, 233, Cyclotella (Bacillariophyta Closterium aciculare T.West 279, 320 Table 7.1, 331, 336, BIDDULPHIALES) M/F 7 Table F, P 20 Table 1.1, 26 385, 424 1.1, 23, 63, 129, 195, 197, 201, Table 1.2, 219 Table 5.4, Cosmarium abbreviatum Raciborski 202, 208, 225, 232, 249, 313, 232, 320 Table 7.1, 328, F, N 195, 201, 247, 332 325, 326, 353 330, 339 Cosmarium contractum Kirchner F, Cyclotella bodanica Eulenstein F, A Closterium acutum Bréb. F, P 15 Fig N 332 323, 329, 385 1.1 Cosmarium depressum (Nageli)¨ Cyclotella caspia Grun. M 234, 312, Coccolithus (Haptophyta Lundell F, N 20 Table 1.1 313, 317 COCCOLITHOPHORIDALES) M 7 Crucigena (Chlorophyta Cyclotella comensis Grunow F, A 203 Table 1.1 CHLOROCOCCALES) F 231 Table 5.2, 320 Table 7.1, 325, Coccolithus pelagicus (Wallich) Cryptomonas (Cryptophyta 331 Schiller M 35 Table 1.7 CRYPTOMONADALES) M/F 6 Cyclotella glomerata Bachm. F, A Coccomyxa (Chlorophyta Table 1.1, 228, 229, 230, 247, 203 Table 5.2, 323, 325, CHLOROCOCCALES) F 352 260, 269, 274, 284, 300, 312, 320 329 Some planktic species are now in Table 7.1, 323, 324, 328, 330, Cyclotella litoralis Lange et Coenocystis 335, 338, 359 Syvertsen M 309, 317

514 INDEX TO GENERA AND SPECIES OF PHYTOPLANKTON

Cyclotella (cont.) Dinobryon sertularia Ehrenb. F, E Euglena mutabilis F. Schmitz F, W1 Cyclotella meneghiniana Kutz.¨ F, B 331 424, 425 20 Table 1.1, 61 Table 2.5, 195, Dinobryon sociale Ehrenb. F, E 157 Eunotia (Bacillariophyta 197 Table 4.2 BACILLARIALES) M/F 425 Cyclotella nana Hustedt M 53 Dinophysis (Dinophyta Eutetramorus (Chlorophyta Cyclotella praeterissima Lund F, B 20 DINOPHYSIDALES) M 203 Table CHLOROCOCCALES) F Table 1.1, 202, 247, 331 5.2, 309, 311, 313 Redundant genus name – see Cyclotella radiosa (Grun.) Dinophysis acuminata Clap. et Lach. Coenococcus Lemmermann F, A (formerly M310 Eutreptia (Euglenophyta known as Cyclotella comta) 203 Ditylum (Bacillariophyta EUTREPTIALES) M 6 Table 1.1, Table 5.2, 233, 323, 326, 331 BIDDULPHIALES) M 55, 130 234, 311, 312 Cylindrocystis (Chlorophyta Ditylum brightwellii (West) Grun. M Eutreptiella (Euglenophyta ZYGNEMATALES) F 424 55, 130 EUTREPTIALES) M 313 Cylindrospermopsis (Cyanobacteria Dunaliella (Chlorophyta Exuviella (Dinophyta NOSTOCALES) F, SN 6 Table 1.1, VOLVOCALES) M 6 Table 1.1, 32, PROROCENTRALES) M 7 Table 26 Table 1.2, 205, 320 Table 7.1, 78, 234, 311 1.1, 307, 353 340, 341, 342, 344, 366, 401 Dunaliella tertiolecta Butcher M 35 Exuviella baltica Lohm. M 312 Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii Table 1.7 Florisphaera (Haptophyta (Woloszynska) Seenayya et COCCOLITHOPHORIDALES) M 7 Subba Raju F, SN 216, 384 Elakatothrix (Chlorophyta Table 1.1, 309 ULOTRICHALES) F 6 Table 1.1 Fragilaria (Bacillariophyta Dactylococcopsis (Cyanobacteria Emiliana (Haptophyta BACILLARIALES) M/F 7 Table 1.1, CHROOCOCCALES), F 325 COCCOLITHOPHORIDALES) M 7 24, 51, 63, 226, 228, 229, 232, Detonula (Bacillariophyta Table 1.1, 13, 203 Table 5.2, 311, 233, 245, 249, 269, 300, 330, BIDDULPHIALES) M 7 Table 1.1 312 338 Detonula pumila (Castracene) Gran Emiliana huxleyi (Lohm.) Hay et Fragilaria capucina Desmaz. F, P 6 M 35 Table 1.7 Mohl. M 35 Table 1.7, 130, 234, Table 1.1 Diacanthos (Chlorophyta 307, 310, 313 Fragilaria crotonensis Kitton F, P 6 CHLOROCOCCALES) F, X3 352 Ethmodiscus (Bacillariophyta Table 1.1, 20 Table 1.1, 23, 29 Diacronema (Haptophyta BIDDULPHIALES) M 50, 234 Table 1.3, 31 Table 1.5, 54 Table PAVLOVALES) M 7 Table 1.1 Ethmodiscus rex (Rattray) Wiseman 2.3, 57 Table 2.4, 61 Table 2.5, Diatoma (Bacillariophyta et Hendey M 50, 234 62, 63, 66, 129, 184 Table 5.0, BACILLARIALES)F7Table1.1, Euastrum (Chlorophyta 219 Table 5.4, 232, 247, 320 324 ZYGNEMATALES) F 6 Table 1.1 Table 7.1, 324, 333, 336, 339 Diatoma elongatum (Lyngb.) C. Eucampia (Bacillariophyta Fragilaria oceanica Cleve M 307, Agardh F, C 172, 338 BIDDULPHIALES) M 311, 312 311 Dictyosphaerium (Chlorophyta Eucampia cornuta (Cleve) Grun. M Fragilariopsis (Bacillariophyta CHLOROCOCCALES) F 6 Table 311 BACILLARIALES) M 7 Table 1.1, 1.1, 210, 336 Eucampia zodiacus Ehrenb. M 307, 308 Dictyosphaerium pulchellum 312 Fragilariopsis cylindrus (Grun.) H. C.Wood F, F 20 Table 1.1, 331 Eudorina (Chlorophyta VOLVOCALES) Krieger M 311 Dinobryon (Chrysophyta F 6 Table 1.1, 24, 182, 211, 216, Fragilariopsis doliolus Wallich M CHROMULINALES) F 7 Table 1.1, 228, 229, 230, 232, 247, 269, 309 89, 129, 130, 210, 219 Table 5.4, 270, 293, 299, 320 Table 7.1, Fragilariopsis nana (Steemann 228, 229, 231, 232, 320 Table 338, 343 Nielsen) Paasche M 307 7.1, 323, 325, 329, 330, 333, 334, Eudorina elegans Ehrenb. F, G?26 336, 338, 385 Table 1.2, 157 Table 4.2 Geminella (Chlorophyta Dinobryon bavaricum Imhof F, E Eudorina unicocca G. M. Smith F, G ULOTRICHALES) F, T 6 Table 1.1, 331 26 Table 1.2, 57 Table 2.4, 184 233, 294, 320 Table 7.1 Dinobryon cylindricum Imhof F, E Table 5.0, 219 Table 5.4, 226, Gephyrocapsa (Haptophyta 203 Table 5.2, 322, 326, 331 339 COCCOLITHOPHORIDALES) M 7 Dinobryon divergens Imhof F, E 20 Euglena (Euglenophyta Table 1.1, 203 Table 5.2 Table 1.1, 184 Table 5.0,331, EUGLENALES) M/F 6 Table 1.1, Gephyrocapsa oceanica Kamptner M 336, 338 343, 425 234

INDEX TO GENERA AND SPECIES OF PHYTOPLANKTON 515

Glaucocystis (Glaucophyta)F6 Gyrodinium uncatenatum Hulbert M Kirchneriella (Chlorophyta Table 1.1 35 Table 1.6 CHLOROCOCCALES) F 6 Table Glenodinium (Dinophyta Gyrosigma (Bacillariophyta 1.1, 336 PERIDINIALES) F 7 Table 1.1, 13, BACILLARIALES) F, D 344 Koliella (Chlorophyta 324, 334 ULOTRICHALES) F 6 Table 1.1, Gloeocapsa (Cyanobacteria Halosphaera (Prasinophyta, 320 Table 7.1 CHROOCOCCALES) F 325 HALOSPHAERALES) M 306 Koliella longiseta (Vischer) Hindak´ Gloeotrichia (Cyanobacteria Hemiaulus (Bacillariophyta F, X3 332 NOSTOCALES) F 6 Table 1.1, 26 BIDDULPHIALES) M 166, 305, Table 1.2, 67, 81, 129, 205, 213, 385 Lagerheimia (Chlorophyta 216, 338, 401 Hemiaulus hauckii Grun. M 311, CHLOROCOCCALES) F Gloeotrichia echinulata (J. E. Smith) 316, 317 344 Richter F, H2 216, 320 Table 7.1, Hemidinium (Dinophyta Lagerheimia genevensis (Chodat) 338 PHYTODINIALES) F 7 Table 1.1 Chodat F, X1 425 Golenkinia (Chlorophyta Hemiselmis (Cryptophyta Lauderia (Bacillariophyta CHLOROCOCCALES) F, X1 320 CRYPTOMONADALES) M 234 BIDDULPHIALES) M Table 7.1, 352 Heterocapsa (Dinophyta Lauderia annulata Cleve M Gomphosphaeria (Cyanobacteria PERIDINIALES) M 233, 234, 311 CHROOCOCCALES) F 6 Table 312 Lauderia borealis Gran M 312 1.1, 26 Table 1.2, 81, 166, 205, Heterocapsa triquetra (Ehrenb.) Lepocinclis (Euglenophyta 233, 330, 332, 338 SteinM310,311,312,313,316 EUGLENALES) F, W1 6 Table 1.1, Main species G. naegeliana Heterosigma (Raphidophyta 343, 425 transferred to Woronichinia CHLOROMONADALES) M Leptocylindrus (Bacillariophyta Goniochloris (Xanthophyta Heterosigma carterae (Hulbert) BIDDULPHIALES) M 203 Table MISCHOCOCCALES) F 6 Table Taylor M 35 Table 1.6 5.2, 312, 317 1.1 Histoneis (Dinophyta DINOPHYSALES) Leptocylindrus danicus Cleve M 309, Gonium (Chlorophyta VOLVOCALES) M 203 Table 5.2 310, 311 F, W1 321 Table 7.1, 343 Limnothrix (Cyanobacteria Gonyostomum (Raphidophyta Isochrysis (Haptophyta OSCILLATORIALES) F 6 Table CHLOROMONADALES) F 6 PRYMNESIALES) M 7 Table 1.1, 1.1, 26 Table 1.2, 114, 191, 213, Table 1.1, 12, 321 Table 7.1 234 401, 405 Gonyostomum semen (Ehrenb.) Isochrysis galbana Parke M 35 Limnothrix redekei (van Goor) Diesing F, Q 344 Table 1.7 Meffert F, S1 206, 233, 320 Gymnodinium (Dinophyta Table 7.1, 345, 366, 416 GYMNODINIALES) M/F 7 Table Karenia (Dinophyta Lingulodinium (Dinophyta 1.1, 233, 311, 325, 326, 328, 336, GYMNODINIALES) M 233 GONIAULACALES) M 7 Table 1.1, 425 Karenia brevis (Davis) G. Hansen et 68, 311 Gymnodinium baicalense Authority Moestrup M 408 Lingulodinium polyedrum (Stein) not found F 322 Karenia mikimotoi (Miyake et Dodge M 234, 309, 316, 408 Gymnodinium catenatum Graham M Kominami) G. Hansen et Lyngbya (Cyanobacteria 68, 233, 309, 408 Moestrup M 35 Table 1.6, 310, OSCILLATORIALES) F 6 Table Gymnodinium helveticum Penard F 311, 312, 316, 408 1.1, 26 Table 1.2, 59, 325 131, 324 Katablepharis (Cryptophyta Lyngbya limnetica Lemm. F, R Gymnodinium sanguineum Hirasaka CRYPTOMONADALES) M 159 211 M 35 Table 1.6 Katodinium (Dinophyta Gymnodinium simplex Lohm. M 35 GYMNODINIALES) M/F 316 Mallomonas (Chrysophyta Table 1.6 Kephyrion (Chrysophyta SYNURALES) F 7 Table 1.1, 23, Gymnodinium uberrimum (Allman) CHROMULINALES) F 7 Table 1.1 129, 232, 293, 320 Table 7.1, Kofoid et Swezey F 324 Kephyrion littorale Lund F, X1 20 323 Gymnodinium vitiligo Ballantine M Table 1.1 Mallomonas akrokomos Ruttner in 35 Table 1.6 Keratococcus (Chlorophyta Pascher F, X1 333 Gyrodinium (Dinophyta CHLOROCOCCALES) F Mallomonas caudata Iwanoff F, X2 PERIDINIALES) M 7 Table 1.1, Keratococcus raphidioides Hansgirg 20 Table 1.1, 130, 203 Table 5.2, 233, 234, 316 F, X1 425 331

516 INDEX TO GENERA AND SPECIES OF PHYTOPLANKTON

Mantoniella (Prasinophyta Monoraphidium griffithii (Berkeley) Many planktic genera reclassiﬁed CHLORODENDRALES) M 6 Table Komarkov´ a-Legnerov´ aF,´ X1 into Limnothrix, Planktothrix and 1.1 (taxon rationalises various Tychonema Mantoniella squamata Manton et species and subspecies of Parke M 35 Table 1.7 Ankistrodesmus) Pandorina (Chlorophyta Melosira (Bacillariophyta Mougeotia (Chlorophyta VOLVOCALES) F 6 Table 1.1, 232, BIDDULPHIALES) F 344 ZYGNEMATALES) F, T 233, 320 338, 343 Melosira varians Agardh F, D 344 Table 7.1, 330, 336 Pandorina morum (O. F. Muller)¨ Merismopedia (Cyanobacteria Nannochloris (Chlorophyta Bory F, G 219 Table 5.4, 329 CHROOCOCCALES) F, LO 6 VOLVOCALES) M 6 Table 1.1, Paulschulzia (Chlorophyta Table 1.1, 26 Table 1.2, 165, 171, 234, 311, 425 TETRASPORALES) F 6 Table 1.1, 325, 326 Nannochloris ocelata Droop M 35 129 Micractinium (Chlorophyta Table 1.7 Paulschulzia pseudovolvox (Schulz) CHLOROCOCCALES) F, X1 352 Nephrodiella (Xanthophyta Skuja F, F 331 Microcystis (Cyanobacteria MISCHOCOCCALES) F 6 Table Pavlova (Haptophyta PAVLOVALES) M CHROOCOCCALES) 6 Table 1.1, 1.1 7 Table 1.1, 234 24, 26 Table 1.2, 50, 55, 59, 67, Nephroselmis (Prasinophyta Pavlova lutheri (Droop) Green M 81, 82, 87, 113, 123, 129, 165, CHLORODENDRALES) M/F 6 (formerly known as Monochrysis 166, 179, 184, 186, 190, 192, 205, Table 1.1 lutheri) 32, 35 Table 1.7 206, 208, 213, 214, 215, 226, Nitzschia (Bacillariophyta Pediastrum (Chlorophyta 228, 229, 231, 232, 247, 249, BACILLARIALES) M/F 7 Table 1.1, CHLOROCOCCALES) F 6 Table 267, 269, 271, 272, 275, 279, 194, 234, 307, 308, 313, 340, 1.1, 51, 192, 211, 320 Table 7.1, 285, 292, 293, 297, 298, 299, 424 324, 339, 341, 344 300, 320 Table 7.1, 327, 328, Nitzschia acicularis (Kutz.)¨ W. Smith Pediastrum boryanum (Turpin) 339, 341, 344, 348, 353, 359, F 320 Table 7.1, 322, 342 Meneghin F, J 20 Table 1.1 366, 370, 381, 401, 403, 404, 405 Nitzschia bicapitata Lagerstedt M Pediastrum duplex Meyen F, J 67 Microcystis aeruginosa (Kutz.)¨ 309 Pedinella (Chrysophyta emend. Elenkin F, LM, M 26 Nitzschia closterium W. Smith M PEDINELLALES) F 7 Table 1.1 Table 1.2, 54 Table 2.3, 57 Table 308 Pedinomonas (Prasinophyta 2.4, 58, 81, 129, 157 Table 4.2, Nodularia (Cyanobacteria PEDINOMONADALES) F 6 Table 184 Table 5.0, 198, 209, 219, 219 NOSTOCALES) M/F 6 Table 1.1, 1.1 Table 5.4, 333, 339, 345 26 Table 1.2, 165, 205 Pelagococcus (Chrysophyta Microcystis wesenbergii (Komarek)´ Nodularia spumigenea Mertens ex PEDINELLALES) M 7 Table 1.1, Komarek´ in Kondrat’eva 195, Born et Flah. M/F H1 312, 426 35 Table 1.7 219, 271 Pelagomonas (Chrsophyta Micromonas (Prasinophyta Ochromonas (Chrysophyta PEDINELLALES) M 7 Table 1.1, CHLORODENDRALES) M 6 Table CHROMULINALES) F, X3 7 Table 305, 308 1.1, 234, 312 1.1, 131, 159, 251, 312, 323, 328, Pelodictyon (Anoxyphotobacteria)F6 Micromonas pusilla (Butcher) 330, 331, 425 Table 1.1 Manton et Parke M 35 Table 1.7 Oocystis (Chlorophyta Peridinium (Dinophyta Monochrysis (Chrysophyta CHLOROCOCCALES) F 6 Table PERIDINIALES) M/F 7 Table 1.1, CHROMULINALES) M, F 332 1.1, 104, 233, 312, 324, 325, 326, 13, 68, 157 Table 4.2, 165, 213, Monodus (Eustigmatophyta)F6 340 233, 307, 311, 326, 327, 342, Table 1.1, 20 Table 1.1 Oocystis lacustris Chodat F, F 129, 366, 385 Monodus subterraneus 184 Table 5.0 203 Table 5.2, 231, 320 Peridinium aciculiferum Monoraphidium (Chlorophyta Table 7.1 Lemmermann F, W2 326 CHLOROCOCCALES) F 6 Table Ophiocytium (Xanthophyta Peridinium bipes Stein F, LM? 1.1, 23, 312, 320 Table 7.1, 324, MISCHOCOCCALES) F 6 Table 336 333, 338, 343, 344, 352 1.1 Peridinium cinctum (O. F. Muller)¨ Monoraphidium contortum (Thuret) Ornithocercus (Dinophyta Ehrenb. F, LM 20 Table 1.1, 219 Komarkov´ a-Legnerov´ aF,´ X1 DINOPHYSIALES) M 203 Table Table 5.4, 338 (taxon rationalises various 5.2, 234, 306, 314, 316 Peridinium depressum Bail. M 306, species and subspecies of Oscillatoria (Cyanobacteria 307 Ankistrodesmus) 26 Table 1.2 OSCILLATORIALES) F 115 Peridinium faroense Paulsen M 310

INDEX TO GENERA AND SPECIES OF PHYTOPLANKTON 517

Peridinium gatunense Nygaard F, LO 191, 207, 208, 209, 213, 225, Prorocentrum minimum (Pavillard) 205, 218, 327 228, 241, 259, 269, 271, 275, Schiller M 312 Peridinium inconspicuum 350, 358, 365, 370, 381, 401, Protoperidinium (Dinophyta Lemmermann F, LO 332, 336, 405 PROROCENTRALES) M 313 338 Planktothrix agardhii (Gom.) Anagn. Prymnesium (Haptophyta Peridinium lomnickii Wooszyska F, Y et Kom. F, S1 (formerly known PRYMNESIALES) M 7 Table 1.1, 320 Table 7.1, 334 as Oscillatoria agardhii) 54 Table 35 Table 1.7, 251, 270, 353, 402, Peridinium ovatum Pouchet M 306 2.3, 115, 157 Table 4.2, 184 407 Peridinium pallidum Ostenfeld M Table 5.0, 186, 190, 191, 192, Prymnesium parvum N. Carter M 306 193, 206, 207, 231, 233, 320 313, 316 Peridinium umbonatum Stein F, LO Table 7.1, 324, 325, 333, 339, Pseudanabaena (Cyanobacteria 232, 338, 425 345, 366, 378, 408, 410, 416, OSCILLATORIALES) F 6 Table Peridinium volzii Lemmermann F, 422 1.1, 26 Table 1.2, 233, 320 Table LO 336 Planktothrix mougeotii (Bory ex 7.1, 345 Peridinium willei Huitfeldt-Kaas F, Gom.) Anagn. et Kom. F, R Pseudanabaena limnetica (Lemm.) LO 232, 320 Table 7.1, 325, 331, (formerly known as Oscillatoria Komarek´ F, S1 416 332, 336 agardhii var. isothrix) 26 Table Pseudonitzschia (Bacillariophyta Phacotus (Chlorophyta VOLVOCALES) 1.2, 33, 59, 219 Table 5.4, 226, BACILLARIALES) M 307, 311, 312 F 6 Table 1.1, 172, 343 233, 320 Table 7.1, 332 Pseudonitzschia delicatissima (P. T. Phacus (Euglenophyta EUGLENALES) Planktothrix prolifica (Gom.) Anagn. Cleve) M (formerly known as F 6 Table 1.1, 343 et Kom. F, R (formerly known Nitzschia delicatissima) 307, 311, Phacus longicauda (Ehrenb.) as Oscillatoria prolifica) 59, 312 Dujardin F, W1 15 Fig 1.2 193 Pseudopedinella (Chrysophyta Phaeocystis (Haptophyta, Planktothrix rubescens (Gom.) PEDINELLALES) M/F 7 Table 1.1, PRYMNESIALES) M 7 Table 1.1, Anagn. et Kom. F, R (formerly 312, 332 13, 24, 234, 271, 306, 308, 311, known as Oscillatoria rubescens) Pseudopedinella pyriformis N. Carter 385, 407 59, 115, 193, 211, 233, 234, 320 M 35 Table 1.7 Phaeocystis antarctica Karsten M Table 7.1, 325, 328, 330, 346, Pseudosphaerocystis (Chlorophyta 308 366, 409 TETRASPORALES) F 6 Table 1.1, Phaeocystis pouchetii (Hariot) Platymonas (Prasinophyta 56, 129, 211, 293, 320 Table 7.1, Lagerheim M 35 Table 1.7, 312 CHLORODENDRALES) M 311 324 Phaeodactylum (Bacillariophyta Plectonema (Cyanobacteria Pseudosphaerocystis lacustris BACILLARIALES) 177 OSCILLATORIALES) F 166 (Lemm.) Novak´ F, F Phaeodactylum tricornutum Bohlin Porosira (Bacillariophyta (formerly known as Gemellicystis M28 BIDDULPHIALES) M 310, 311 neglecta) 57 Table 2.4, 231, 248, Plagioselmis (Cryptophyta Porosira glacialis (Grun.) Jørgensen 331 CRYPTOMONADALES) F 6 Table M310,311 Pyramimonas (Prasinophyta 1.1, 218, 225, 230, 232, 233, 284, Prochlorococcus (Cyanobacteria PYRAMIMONADALES) M 308, 320 Table 7.1, 323, 324, 327, PROCHLORALES) M 6 Table 1.1, 313 330, 331, 336, 338, 343, 425 11, 26 Table 1.2, 203 Table 5.2, Pyrenomonas (Cryptophyta, Plagioselmis nannoplanctica (Skuja) 213, 305, 306, 316, 322 CRYPTOMONADALES) M 6 Novarino et al. F, X2 (formerly Prochloron (Cyanobacteria Table 1.1 known as Rhodomonas minuta) PROCHLORALES) M 6 Table 1.1, Pyrenomonas salina (Wislouch) 20 Table 1.1, 172, 219 Table 5.4, 11, 26 Table 1.2 Santore M 277 Table 6.3, 338 Prochlorothrix (Cyanobacteria Pyrocystis (Dinophyta Planktolyngbya (Cyanobacteria PROCHLORALES) F, T? 6 Table GONIAULACALES) M 13, 234, OSCILLATORIALES) F 59, 115, 1.1, 11, 26 Table 1.2 305, 316 342 Prorocentrum (Dinophyta Pyrocystis noctiluca Murray M Planktolyngbya limnetica (Lemm.) PROROCENTRALES) M 7 Table 55 Komarkov´ a-Legnerov´ aet´ 1.1, 233, 234, 305, 311, 313 Pyrodinium (Dinophyta Cronberg F, R 193 Prorocentrum balticum (Lohm.) GONIAULACALES) M 316, 408 Planktothrix (Cyanobacteria Loeblich M 311 Pyrodinium bahamense (Bohm)¨ OSCILLATORIALES) F 6 Table Prorocentrum micans Ehrenb. M Steidinger et al. M 316, 1.1, 23, 26 Table 1.2, 58, 83, 114, 312, 313 408

518 INDEX TO GENERA AND SPECIES OF PHYTOPLANKTON

Radiococcus (Chlorophyta Scrippsiella trochoidea (Stein) Staurodesmus triangularis CHLOROCOCCALES) F Loeblich M 310, 311, 312, 313, (Lagerheim) Teiling F, N 336 Radiococcus planctonicus Lund F, F 316 Stephanodiscus (Bacillariophyta (formerly known as Coenococcus Skeletonema (Bacillariophyta BIDDULPIALES) F 7 Table 1.1, planctonicus) 248, 331 BIDDULPIALES) M 7 Table 1.1, 23, 53, 54, 63, 148, 214, 233, Rhizosolenia (Bacillariophyta 312, 317 243, 245, 249, 279, 329, 344 BIDDULPIALES) M 7 Table 1.1, Skeletonema costatum Grev. M 33, Stephanodiscus binderanus (Kutz.)¨ W. 203 Table 5.2, 234, 305, 306, 130, 234, 306, 309, 311, 312, 313 Krieg. F, B (formerly known as 307, 313 Snowella (Cyanobacteria Melosira binderana) 198, 322, Rhizosolenia alata Brightw. M 130, CHROOCOCCALES) F 6 Table 324 307, 308, 310, 311, 312 1.1, 24, 26 Table 1.2 Stephanodiscus hantzschii Grun. F, D Rhizosolenia calcar-avis Schultze M Sphaerella (Chlorophyta 6 Table 1.1, 20 Table 1.1, 29 311, 313, 316, 317 VOLVOCALES) F Table 1.3, 31 Table 1.5, 184 Rhizosolenia delicatula Cleve M 309, (Most species transferred to Table 5.0, 320 Table 7.1, 338 310, 311, 312 Haematococcus) 425 Stephanodiscus minutulus Cleve et Rhizosolenia fragilissima Bergon M Sphaerocauum (Cyanobacteria Moller F, B (formerly known as 312 CHROOCOCCALES) F, M 320 S. astraea var. minutula) 333, Rhizosolenia hebetata Bail. M 306, Table 7.1 338 307, 308, 310 Sphaerocystis (Chlorophyta Stephanodiscus rotula (Kutz.)¨ Rhizosolenia setigera Brightw. M 60 CHLOROCOCCALES) F Hendey F, C (formerly known as Rhizosolenia stolterforthii H. Perag. (some former species now in S. astraea) 6 Table 1.1, 20 Table M 309 Coenochloris) 82, 203 Table 5.2 1.1, 29 Table 1.3, 31 Table 1.5, Rhizosolenia styliformis Brightw. M Sphaerocystis schroeteri Chodat F, F 50, 52, 54 Table 2.3, 61 Table 305, 306, 307, 310, 311, 316, 317 194 2.5, 66, 232, 320 Table 7.1, 338, Rhodomonas (Cryptophyta, Spirulina (Cyanobacteria 339 CRYPTOMONADALES) M/F 6 OSCILLATORIALES) M 6 Table Stichococcus (Chlorophyta Table 1.1, 212, 234, 260, 311, 1.1, 26 Table 1.2, 59, 320 Table ULOTRICHALES) F, X1 6 Table 312, 325 7.1, 341, 404 1.1 Rhodomonas lens Pascher et Spondylosium (Chlorophyta Surirella (Bacillariophyta Ruttner F 35 Table 1.7 ZYGMEMATALES) F, P 6 Table BACILLARIALES) F 341, 344 Richiella (Cyanobacteria, 1.1, 273 Synechococcus (Cyanobacteria OSCILLATORIALES) M 166, 305 Staurastrum (Chlorophyta CHROOCOCCALES) M/F 6 Table ZYGMEMATALES) F 6 Table 1.1, 1.1, 11, 20 Table 1.1, 26 Table Scenedesmus (Chlorophyta, 24, 51, 129, 202, 232, 326, 336, 1.2, 97, 155, 165, 181, 183, 184 CHLOROCOCCALES) F 6 Table 338, 340, 415 Table 5.0, 186, 203 Table 5.2, 1.1, 67, 182, 195, 211, 269, 270, Staurastrum brevispinum West F, P 269, 277 Table 6.3, 305, 306, 320 Table 7.1, 324, 339, 341, 57 Table 2.4 320 Table 7.1, 326 344 Staurastrum chaetoceras (Schroder)¨ Picoplanktic Z, free cells of ‘‘Scenedesmus quadricauda (Turpin) G. M. Sm. F, P 201 Aphanocapsa. Larger species in Brébisson’ F, J Oft-recorded Staurastrum cf. cingulum (W. et Cyanothece species is no longer regarded as G. S. West) F, P 247 Synechocystis (Cyanobacteria an entity and is being Staurastrum dorsidentiferum W. et CHROOCOCCALES) M/F 6 Table subdivided (John et al., 2002) 20 G. S. West F, P 328 1.1, 26 Table 1.2, 269 Table 1.1, 26 Table 1.2, 60, 157 Staurastrum longiradiatum W. et Several species, all colonial; F, K?; Table 4.2, 195, 277 Table 6.3, G. S. West F, P? 219 free cells are picoplanktic 424 Staurastrum pingue Teiling F, P 20 Cyanobium, Z Scherfellia (Prasinophyta Table 1.1, 26 Table 1.2, 195, 201, Synechocystis limnetica Popovskaya CHLORODENDRALES) F 6 Table 219 Table 5.4, 228, 229, 320 322 1.1 Table 7.1, 333 Synedra (Bacillariophyta Scourfieldia (Prasinophyta Staurodesmus (Chlorophyta BACILLARIALES) F 7 Table 1.1, SCOURFIELDIALES) M 6 Table ZYGMEMATALES) F 6 62, 192, 233, 328, 344 1.1, 425 Table 1.1, 129, 203 Table 5.2, Synedra acus 54 Table 2.3, 320 Scrippsiella (Dinophyta 233, 293, 320 Table 7.1, 325, Table 7.1, 338 PERIDINIALES) M 312 331, 385 Synedra filiformis Grun. F, D

INDEX TO GENERA AND SPECIES OF PHYTOPLANKTON 519

Synedra ulna (Nitzsch) Ehrenb. F, B Thalassiosira punctigera (Castracene) 213, 228, 229, 231, 292, 320 20 Table 1.1, 322 Hasle M 130 Table 7.1, 323, 325, 328, 330 Synura (Chrysophyta SYNURALES) F Thalassiosira subtilis Ostenf. M 309 Uroglena americana Calkins F, U 7 Table 1.1, 231, 232, 320 Table Thalassiosira weissflogii (Grun.) 326, 328 7.1, 321 Table 7.1, 343 Fryxell et Hasle M (formerly Uroglena lindii Bourrelly F, U 20 Synura petersenii Korshikov F, W1 known as Thalassiosira fluviatilis) Table 1.2 130 35 Table 1.7, 54 Table 2.3, 60, Urosolenia (Bacillariophyta Synura uvella Ehrenb. F, E 331 130 BIDDULPHIALES) F 7 Table 1.1, Thalassiothrix (Bacillariophyta 129, 232, 320 Table 7.1, 328, Tabellaria (Bacillariophyta BIDDULPHIALES) M 307 336, 385 BACILLARIALES) F 7 Table 1.1, Thalassiothrix longissima Cleve et Uroslenia eriensis (H. L. Smith) 293, 320 Table 7.1, 325, 329, Grun. M 307 Round et Crawford F, A 203 330 Thiocystis (Anoxyphotobacteria)F6 Table 5.2, 323, 331, Tabellaria fenestrata (Lyngb.) Kutz.¨ Table 1.1 335 F, P? 233, 323 Thiopedia (Anoxyphotobacteria)F6 Tabellaria flocculosa (Roth.) Kutz.¨ F, Table 1.1 Volvox (Chlorophyta VOLVOCALES) F N 29 Table 1.3, 54 Table 2.3, Trachelomonas (Euglenophyta 6 Table 1.1, 12, 68, 83, 179, 205, 233, 323, 332, 333 EUGLENALES) F 6 Table 1.1 211, 216, 285, 292, 294, 320 Tabellaria flocculosa var. Trachelomonas hispida (Perty) Stein Table 7.1, 343 asterionelloides (Grun.) Knuds. F, F, X2 15 Fig 1.2 Volvox aureus Ehrenb. F, G 26 Table N 6 Table 1.1, 20 Table 1.1, 61 Trachelomonas volvocina Ehrenb. F, 1.2, 157 Table 4.2, 182, 184 Table 2.5, 64, 184 Table 5.0, 247 W2 321 Table 7.1 Table 5.0 Tetraedron (Chlorophyta, Treubaria (Chlorophyta Volvox globator Linnaeus F, G 20 CHLOROCOCCALES) F 324 CHLOROCOCCALES) F 352 Table 1.2 Tetrastrum (Chlorophyta, Tribonema (Xanthophyta CHLOROCOCCALES) F 6 Table TRIBONEMATALES) F 6 Table Westella (Chlorophyta 1.1, 51 1.1, 12, 320 Table 7.1, 324 CHLOROCOCCALES) F 352 Thalassionema (Bacillariophyta Trichodesmium (Cyanobacteria Willea (Chlorophyta BIDDULPHIALES) M 307, 311 OSCILLATORIALES) M 6 Table CHLOROCOCCALES) F 203 Table Thalassionema nitzschioides (Grun.) 1.1, 26 Table 1.2, 81, 166, 169, 5.2 Mereschkowsky M 307, 309, 203 Table 5.2, 234, 305, 306, Woloszynskia (Dinophyta 310, 311 316, 385 GYMNODINIALES) F, X2 7 Table Thalassiosira (Bacillariophyta Trichodesmium thiebautii Gomont M 1.1 BIDDULPHIALES) M 7 58, 166 Woronichinia (Cyanobacteria Table 1.1, 60, 67, 271, 307, 311, Tychonema (Cyanobacteria CHROOCOCCALES) F 6 Table 314, 317 OSCILLATORIALES) F 6 Table 1.1, 24, 26 Table 1.2, 81, 166, Thalassiosira baltica Grun. M 312 1.1, 26 Table 1.2 233, 272, 320 Table 7.1, 325, Thalassiosira decipiens (Grun.) Tychonema bourrellyi F, S1 115 332, 338, 401 Jørgensen M 311 Woronichinia naegeliana (Unger) Thalassiosira fluviatilis (syn. T. Umbellosphaera (Haptophyta Elenkin F, LO (formerly weissflogii) q.v. COCCOLITHOPHORIDALES) M 7 Gomphosphaeria naegeliana and Thalassiosira hyalina Grun. M 311 Table 1.1, 203 Table 5.2, 305, Coelosphaerium naegelianum) 248 Thalassiosira nordenskioeldii Cleve M 306, 309, 333 234, 307, 310, 311, 312 Uroglena (Chrysophyta Xanthidium (Chlorophyta Thalassiosira pseudonana Hasle et CHROMULINALES) F 7 Table 1.1, ZYGNEMATALES) F, N 6 Table Heindal M 35 Table 1.7 24, 83, 129, 130, 203 Table 5.2, 1.1

Index to genera and species of organisms other than phytoplankton

Abramis Actinopterygii, Blastocladiella Fungi, Blastocladiales Chydorus Crustacea, Cladocera 254 Cypriniformes 422 293 Table 6.1, 261, 266 Table 6.2, Acanthometra Rhizopoda, Radiolaria Bodo Zoomastigophora 252 Table 279, 287 252 Table 6.1 6.1, 259 Chydorus sphaericus 261, 266 Table Acartia Crustacea, Calanoidea 261, Boeckella Crustacea, Calanoidea 255 6.2, 279 262 Table 6.1, 336 Chytridium Fungi, Chytridiales 293 Acartia clausi 262 Boeckella gracilipes 336 Ciona Urochorda, Ascidacea 258 Acartia longiremis 261 Bosmina Crustacea, Cladocera 254 Table 6.1 Acineta Ciliophora, Suctoria 252 Table 6.1, 266 Table 6.2, 282, Clavelina Urochorda, Ascidacea 258 Table 6.1 287 Table 6.1 Actinophrys Rhizopoda, Heliozoa 252 Bosmina longirostris 266 Table 6.2 Clio Mollusca, Gastropoda 256 Table Table 6.1 Brachionus, Rotatoria, Monogononta 6.1 Aeromonas Bacteria, Vibrionaceae 253 Table 6.1, 259, 266 Table Clupea Actinopterygii, Clupeiformes 162 6.2, 281 261, 263, 427 Agrostis Angiospermae, Glumiﬂorae Brachionus calyciflorus 266 Table Clupea harengus 261, 427 335 6.2, 281 Coleps Ciliophora, Spirotricha 259 Alburnus Actinopterygii, Bythotrephes Crustacea, Cladocera Colpoda Ciliophora, Holotricha 252 Cypriniformes 422 254 Table 6.1, 261, 290 Table 6.1 Alosa Actinopterygii, Clupeiformes Calanus Crustacea, Calanoidea 255 Conochilus Rotatoria, Monogononta 290 Table 6.1, 261, 428 253 Table 6.1 Alosa pseudoharengus 290 Calanus finmarchius 261 Convoluta Platyhelminthes, Apherusa Crustacea, Malacostraca Canthocamptus Harpacticoidea 255 Turbellaria 253 Table 6.1 255 Table 6.1 Table 6.1 Coregonus Actinopterygii, Arcella Rhizopoda, Foraminifera 252 Carchesium Ciliophora, Peritricha Clupeiformes 289 Table 6.1 252 Table 6.1 Coregonus artedii 289 Argulus Crustacea, Branchiura 255 Carcinus Crustacea, Malacostraca 256 Cortaderia Angiospermae, Table 6.1 Table 6.1 Glumiﬂorae 335 Artemia Crustacea, Anostraca 254 Centropages Crustacea, Calanoidea Craspedacusta Coelenterata, Table 6.1, 269 255 Table 6.1, 261, 262, 282 Trachylina 253 Table 6.1 Asellus Crustacea, Isopoda 391 Centropages hamatus 261 Cyanea Coelenterata, Scyphozoa 253 Asplanchna Rotatoria, Monogononta Centropages typicus 262 Table 6.1 253 Table 6.1, 281 Cephalodella Rotatoria, Monogononta Cyclops Crustacea, Cyclopoidea 260 Asplanchna priodonta 281 292 Cyclops vicinus 260 Asterias Echinodermata, Asteroidea Ceratophyllum Angiospermae, Cyprinus Actinopterygii, 257 Table 6.1 Ranales 419 Cypriniformes 422 Asterocaelum Rhizopoda, Amoebina Ceriodaphnia Crustacea, Cladocera Cyprinus carpio 422 252 Table 6.1, 294 254 Table 6.1, 261, 277, 287 Cypris Crustacea, Ostracoda 254 Aurelia Coelenterata, Scyphozoa 253 Cetorhinus Selachii, Euselachii 263 Table 6.1 Table 6.1 Chaetonotus Gastrotricha 253 Cytophaga Bacteria, Cytophagales Australocedrus Gymnospermae, Table 6.1 142 Coniferae 335 Chaoborus Arthropoda, Diptera 256 Table 6.1, 269 Daphnia Crustacea, Cladocera 86, Bacillus Bacteria, Bacillales 162 Chara Chlorophyta, Charales 419 221, 254 Table 6.1, 261, 265, Balanus Crustacea, Cirripedia 255 Chirocephalus Crustacea, Anostraca 266, 266 Table 6.2, 267, 269, Table 6.1 254 Table 6.1 270, 274, 276, 277, 277 Table Beroë Coelenterata, Nuda 253 Table Chironomus Arthropoda, Diptera 6.3, 279, 280, 282, 284, 285, 286, 6.1 422 287, 289, 290, 299, 359, 390, Bicosoeca Zoomastigophora 252 Table Chironomus anthracinus 422 392, 404, 409, 418, 421, 422 6.1, 259 Chironomus plumosus 422 Daphnia cucullata 261, 287

520

INDEX TO GENERA AND SPECIES OF ORGANISMS OTHER THAN PHYTOPLANKTON 521

Daphnia galeata 221, 261, 266, 266 Euphausia tricantha 263 Keratella cochlearis 259, 281 Table 6.2, 267, 269, 276, 284, Euplotes Ciliophora, Spirotricha 252 Keratella quadrata 259, 281 287, 289 Table 6.1, 269 Daphnia hyalina 261, 266 Eurydice Crustacea, Malacostraca 255 Lates Actinopterygii, Perciformes Table 6.2 Table 6.1 263, 264, 341 Daphnia lumholtzi 261 Eurytemora Crustacea, Calanoidea Lates niloticus 341 Daphnia magna 261, 266, 277, 421, 255 Table 6.1 Lepomis Actinopterygii, Perciformes 422 Evadne Crustacea, Cladocera 254 Lepomis cyanellus 422 Daphnia pulex 266, 270 Table 6.1, 262 Leptodiaptomus Crustacea, Daphnia pulicaria 261, 277, 289, Calanoidea 409 290, 418 Festuca Angiospermae, Glumiﬂorae Leptodora Crustacea, Cladocera 254 Daphnia schoedleri 266 335 Table 6.1, 261 Diaphanosoma Crustacea, Cladocera Filinia Rotatoria, Monogononta 253 Leptomysis Crustacea, Malacostraca 254 Table 6.1, 409, 421 Table 6.1, 281 255 Table 6.1 Diaptomus Crustacea, Calanoidea Filinia longiseta 281 Limacina Mollusca, Gastropoda 256 266 Table 6.2, 389 Fitzroya Gymnospermae, Coniferae Table 6.1 Diaptomus oregonensis 266 Table 6.2 335 Limnocnida Coelenterata, Trachylina Flavobacterium Bacteria 142, 162 253 Table 6.1 Diastylis Crustacea, Malacostraca 255 Flustra Ectoprocta 257 Limnothrissa Actinopterygii, Table 6.1 Table 6.1 Clupeiformes 263, 264, 392 Difflugia Rhizopoda, Foraminifera Fulica Aves, Gruiformes Limnothrissa miodon 263, 264, 252 Table 6.1 Fulica atra 422 392 Dinophysis Dinophyta 252 Littorella Angiospermae, Campanales Table 6.1 Gadus Actinopterygii, Gadiformes 419 Doliolum Urochorda, Thaliacea Gadus morhua 427 Lobelia Angiospermae, Campanales 258 Table 6.1 Gammarus Crustacea, Amphipoda 419 Dreissena Mollusca, 389, 391 Loligo Mollusca, Cephalopoda 256 Lamellibranchiata 256 Table Gastrosaccus Crustacea, Malacostraca Table 6.1, 264 6.1, 323 255 Table 6.1 Lolium perenne Angiospermae, Dreissena polymorpha 323 Gigantocypris Crustacea, Ostracoda Glumiﬂorae 383 254 Table 6.1 Echinus Echinodermata, Echinoidea Globigerina Rhizopoda, Foraminifera Macrohectopus Crustacea, 257 Table 6.1 252 Table 6.1 Malacostraca 255 Table 6.1 Ensis Mollusca, Lamellibranchiata Megalogrammus Actinopterygii, 256 Table 6.1 Halteria Ciliophora, Spirotricha 252 Gadiformes 427 Eodiaptomus Crustacea, Calanoidea Table 6.1 Megalogrammus aeglifinus 287 Hertwigia Rotatoria, Monogononta 427 Eodiaptomus japonicus 287 292 Mesocyclops Crustacea, Cyclopoidea Epistylis Ciliophora, Peritricha 252 Holopedium Crustacea, Cladocera 254 254 Table 6.1, 260 Table 6.1 Table 6.1 Mesocyclops leuckarti 260 Escherichia Bacteria, Entobacteriacae Holothuria Echinodermata, Mesodinium Ciliophora, 49, 155, 158, 181 Holothuroidea 258 Table 6.1 Rhabdophorina 68 Escherichia coli 49, 155, 158, 181 Hydra Coelenterata, Hydrida 253 Metopus Ciliophora, Spirotricha 252 Esox Actinopterygii, Mesichthyes 422 Table 6.1 Table 6.1 Hydractinia Coelenterata, Microstomum Platyhelminthes, Esox lucius 422 Anthomedusae 252 Table 6.1 Turbellaria 253 Table 6.1 Eudiaptomus Crustacea, Calanoidea Moina Crustacea, Cladocera 254 255 Table 6.1, 266 Table 6.2, Isoetes Pteridophyta, Isoetales 419 Table 6.1 279, 280, 286, 390 Monas Zoomastigophora 252 Table Eudiaptomus gracilis 266 Table 6.2, Kellicottia Rotatoria, Monogononta 6.1, 259 280, 390 253 Table 6.1, 281 Monosiga Zoomastigophora 252 Euphausia Crustacea, Malacostraca Kellicottia longispina 281 Table 6.1, 259 256 Table 6.1, 263 Keratella Rotatoria, Monogononta Morone Actinopterygii, Perciformes Euphausia frigida 263 253 Table 6.1, 259, 281, 287 428

522 INDEX TO GENERA AND SPECIES OF ORGANISMS OTHER THAN PHYTOPLANKTON

Mulinum Angiospermae, Umbellales Penilia Crustacea, Cladocera 262 Salmo 389 335 Peranema Zoomastigophora 252 Salmo trutta 389 Myriophyllum Angiospermae, Table 6.1 Salpa Urochorda, Thaliacea 258 Myrtales 419, 422 Perca Actinopterygii, Perciformes Table 6.1 289, 290 Salpingooeca Zoomastigophora 252 Mysis Crustacea, Malacostraca 255 Perca flavescens 290 Table 6.1 Table 6.1 Perca fluviatilis 289 Salvelinus Actinopterygii, Najas Angiospermae, Najadales Petromyzon Agnatha, Cyclostomata Clupeiformes 290 419 290 Salvelinus namaycush 290 Nassula Ciliophora, Holotricha 252 Petromyzon marinus 290 Schoenoplectus Angiospermae, Table 6.1, 259 Phoronis Phoronidea 257 Table 6.1 Cyperales 419 Nebaliopsis Crustacea, Malacostraca Phragmites Angiospermae, Scomber Actinopterygii, Perciformes 255 Table 6.1 Glumiﬂorae 419 261 Nitella Chlorophyta, Charales Physalia Coelenterata, Siphonophora Scomber scombrus 261 419 253 Table 6.1 Sialis Arthropoda, Megaloptera 256 Noctiluca Dinophyta 251, 252 Pleurobrachia Coelenterata, Table 6.1 Table 6.1 Tentaculata 253 Table 6.1 Sida Crustacea, Cladocera 254 Table Nothofagus Angiospermae, Fagales Pleuronema Ciliophora, Holotricha 6.1, 421 335 252 Table 6.1, 259 Simocephalus Crustacea, Cladocera Notholca Rotatoria, Monogonta 253 Plumularia Coelenterata, 254 Table 6.1, 261, 421 Table 6.1 Leptomedusae 252 Table 6.1 Sphagnum Bryophyta, Sphagnales Notonecta Arthropoda, Hemiptera Podochytrium Fungi, Chytridiales 424 263 293 Sphingopyxis Bacteria 142 Nyctiphanes Crustacea, Malacostraca Podon Crustacea, Cladocera 254 Sphyraena Actinopterygii, 256 Table 6.1 Table 6.1, 262 Perciformes 428 Polyarthra Rotatoria, Monogonta 259, Squilla Crustacea, Malacostraca 255 Obelia Coelenterata, Leptomedusae 281, 287 Table 6.1, 263 252 Table 6.1 Pontomyia Arthropoda, Diptera 256 Stentor Ciliophora, Spirotricha 252 Oikopleura Urochorda, Larvacea 258 Table 6.1 Table 6.1 Table 6.1, 259 Potamogeton Angiospermae, Stolothrissa Actinopterygii, Oithona Crustacea, Cyclopoidea 254 Najadales 419, 420 Clupeiformes 263, 264, 392 Table 6.1 Prorodon Ciliophora, Holotricha 252 Stolothrissa tanganicae 263, 392 Ophiura Echinodermata, Table 6.1, 259 Strobilidium Ciliophora, Spirotricha Ophiuroidea 257 Table 6.1 Protoperidinium Dinophyta 252 Table 252 Table 6.1, 259 Oreochromis Actinopterygii, 6.1 Strombidium Ciliophora, Spirotricha Perciformes 341 Pseudopileum Fungi, Chytridiales 293 252 Table 6.1, 259, 340 Oreochromis niloticus 341 Pyrosoma Urochorda, Thaliacea 258 Synchaeta Rotatoria, Monogonta 253 Ostrea Mollusca, Lamellibranchiata Table 6.1 Table 6.1, 259 256 Table 6.1 Oxyrrhis Dinophyta 251, 252 Table Quercus Angiospermae, Fagales 331, Temora Crustacea, Calanoidea 255 6.1, 270 359 Table 6.1, 261, 282 Temora longicornis 261 Palinurus Crustacea, Malacostraca Rhizophydium Fungi, Chytridiales Thiobacillus Bacteria, Chromatiaceae 256 Table 6.1 293, 294, 295 162 Patella Mollusca, Gastropoda 256 Rhizophydium planktonicum emend Thiobacillus denitrificans Table 6.1 293 162 Pelagia Coelenterata, Scyphozoa 253 Rhizosiphon Fungi, Chytridiales 293 Thunnus Actinopterygii, Perciformes Table 6.1 Rozella Fungi, Chytridiales 294 428 Pelagonemertes Nemertea 253 Table Rutilus Actinopterygii, Tintinnidium Ciliophora, Spirotricha 6.1 Cypriniformes 278, 422 252 Table 6.1, 259 Pelagothuria Echinodermata, Rutilus rutilus 278, 422 Tomopteris Annelida, Polychaeta 253 Holothuroidea 258 Table 6.1 Table 6.1, 263 Pelomyxa Rhizopoda, Amoebina 252 Sagitta Chaetognatha 256 Trichocerca Rotatoria, Monogonta 253 Table 6.1 Table 6.1 Table 6.1

INDEX TO GENERA AND SPECIES OF ORGANISMS OTHER THAN PHYTOPLANKTON 523

Tropocyclops Crustacea, Cyclopoidea Velella Coelenterata, Siphonophora Zostera Angiospermae, Najadales 254 Table 6.1 253 Table 6.1 420 Typha Angiospermae, Typhales 419 Vibrio Bacteria, Vibrionaceae 158, Zygorhizidium Fungi, Chytridiales 162 293, 294 Vampyrella Rhizopoda, Amoebina Vorticella Ciliophora, Peritricha 252 Zygorhizidium affluens 294 294 Table 6.1 Zygorhizidium planktonicum 293

General index

absolute viscosity, 44 Arrhenius coefficient, 107 bacteriochlorophylls, 5, 6 Table 1.1 accessory pigments, 10, 12, 13, 25, Arrhenius temperature scale, 186 bacteriophages, 295 95, 115, 193 arrow worms (chaetognaths), 256 bacterioplankton, 2, 140, 141; acetylene-reduction assay of Table 6.1, 263 concentrations and daily nitrogenase activity, 164 artificial neural networks (ANN), production rates, 141 Table 3.4; ‘acid rain’, 423 235 definition of, 2 acidification of natural waters, 423; ascendency, 303, 355, 357 bacterivorous phytoplankton, 131, reversal by adding phosphorus, ascidaceans, 258 Table 6.1 141 425; reversal by liming, 425 ‘ascidian tadpole’, 258 Table 6.1 bacterivory in algae, 159 Actinopterygii, 258 Table 6.1 ascorbate, 123 barium, 167 adaptive traits in phytoplankton, ash content of phytoplankton, 25, barnacles, 255 Table 6.1 207 26 Table 1.2, 27 barracuda (Sphyraena), 428 ADP (adenosine diphosphate), 99 assembly rules for phyoplankton basking shark (Cetorhinus), 263 advective patchiness, 87 communities, 362, 362 Table 7.8 bicarbonate transport, 128 aestivation, 59 atelomictic lakes, 74, 342 bicosoecids, 251 aeolian deposition, 170 atomic-absorption spectroscopy, 167 Biddulphiales (centric diatoms), 7 affinity adaptation of nutrient atmospheric carbon-dioxide Table 1.1, 13 uptake, 157, 194, 202, 203 invasion in, 127 bioassays, 169 airborne remote sensing, 134 ATP (adenosine triphosphate), 5, 95, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), akinetes, 216, 249 99; phosphorylation by, 148, 149 297 alder flies (Megaloptera), 256 Table Auftrieb,3 biodiversity, 368 6.1 Aufwuchs, 419, 420 biologically available phosphorus alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus), 290 autopoesis; (see also (BAP), 153, 154 Table 4.1, 155, 398 alkaline phosphatase, 155, 159 ‘self-organisation’ of biomanipulation, 263, 416 alkalinity, 124 communities), 355 biomineral reinforcement of cell allogenic vs. autogenic drivers of auxospore, 60, 64 structures, 27 change in species composition, Avogadro number, 95 bioturbation, 250, 413 360 avoidance reactions, 122 birds, 1, 76, 84 alternative steady states in shallow bivalves (lamellibranchs), 243, 256 lakes, 343, 382, 417, 421; forward Bacillariales (pennate diatoms), 7 Table 6.1, 290 and reverse switching, 421, 423; Table 1.1, 13 bleak (Alburnus), 422 influence of fish, 421; role of bacillariophytes; (see also diatoms); Blelham Enclosures, 217, 220, 226, zooplankton, 421 density of, 53, 55; deposition of 245, 274, 284, 284 Table 6.4, 299, aluminium, 424 silica, 182, 245; evolution of, 13; 357, 366, 370, 373, 374 amino acids, 123 growth limitation through silicon bloom, 56; in the Kattegat, 1988, amoebae, 252 Table 6.1, 259 deficiency, 196; intervention in 312 amphipods, 263 silicon cycling by, 174; ‘bloom-forming’ Cyanobacteria, 401 anatoxins, 403 mixed-depth threshold for blue-green algal blooms, 401 annelids, 253 Table 6.1 growth, 80, 244; pigmentation bodonids, 251 anoxygenic photosynthesis, 5 variability in, 115; primary boron, 28 anoxyphotobacteria, 5, 6 Table 1.1 evolutionary strategies of, 234; bosminids, 261, 279 anthropogenic impacts, on food silicon content of, 28, 29 Table bottom deposits, sampling the webs, 290, 426; on pelagic 1.3, 31 Table 1.5, 53, 220; silicon superficial layer of, 220 systems, 395 requirements of, 27, 173, 197; bottom–up and top–down processes, antioxidants, in photosynthesis, 123 silicon uptake by, 28, 174; 250, 287, 288, 416 apatite, 151 structure of, 13 boundary layer, around a plankter, apoptosis, 297 Bacteria, 2, 5, 140, 158, 164, 170, 147, 148 aquo polymers, 39 264, 277 Table 6.3, 388, 392 branchiopods, 254 Table 6.1, 260 archaeans, 5, 93 bacterial pathogens, 292, 295 bream (Abramis), 422, 423

524

GENERAL INDEX 525

brown tides, 407 limitation of photosynthesis by, chaetognaths, 256 Table 6.1, 263 bryophytes, 11 127, 130; limitation of Chaetophorales, 12 bryozoans, 353 phytoplankton growth by, 30; chain formation, 60 buoyancy regulation, through ionic metabolic turnover of, 127; chaoborines, 256 Table 6.1 balance, 55; in Cyanobacteria, 56, pelagic animal content of, 281; chaotic behaviour, 396 58 recycling of, in aquatic systems, Charales, 12 buoyant forces in water masses, 72 391; requirement of for algal cell chelates, 168, 169 burgundy blood alga, 115 doubling, 146, 188; sources of, 3 chemiluminescence, 167 carbon dioxide; atmospheric chitin, 60 C4 carbon fixers, 98 content of, 14; concentrations in chloride, algal requirement for, 172 C-, S- and R- primary evolutionary water, 124; depletion in chlorine, 28 strategies, 209, 210 Table 5.3, 212, photosynthesis, 96, 98, 126; as a Chlorobiaceae, 6 Table 1.1, 193 231, 233, 234, 298, 315; ecological factor regulating species Chlorococcales, 6 Table 1.1, 12 traits of C strategists, 352, 357, composition, 13; flux from Chlorodendrales, 6 Table 1.1, 11 370; ecological traits of S atmosphere to water, 127, 132; Chloromonadales, 6 Table 1.1 strategists, 359 supersaturating concentrations chlorophyll a, occurrence in algae, CS, CR, RS intermediate strategies, of, 126; uptake by phytoplankton, 5, 6 Table 1.1, 7 Table 1.1, 12, 13, 210 127 25, 26 Table 1.2, 95; algal content CSR triangle, 210, 232, 315, 363, carbonic anhydrase, 130 of, 33, 35 Table 1.7, 36, 37, 113; as 364, 396, 408 carboxylation, 94, 99, 127 a proxy of algal biomass, 34; calanoids, 254 Table 6.1, 260, 261, carboxylic acid, 100 relative to cell carbon, 114, 125 279 carotenoids, 25, 95, 123 chlorophyll b, occurrence in algae, 6 calcium, 28; algal requirement for, carp (Cyprinus carpio), 422, 423 Table 1.1, 11, 95 171; ionic concentrations in the cell growth cycle, 179 chlorophyll c, occurrence in algae, 6 sea, 171; in lakes, 171 cell assembly, regulation of, 181 Table 1.1, 7 Table 1.1, 12, 13 calcium bicarbonate and DIC, 171 cell division, 180; in chlorophytes, chlorophyll concentration calcium carbonate in phytoplankton 182; in diatoms, 180, 182; in supported in relation to TP, 399 exoskeletons, 13, 25, 53 dinoflagellates, 180; in chlorophyll synthesis, 168 calcium carbonate scales, 25 prokaryotes, 181; light efficiency Chlorophyta; classification of, 6 calcium hardness, 171 of (r/I), 190, 206 Table 1.1; DIC requirements of, Calvin cycle, 94, 95, 96, 98, 99, 100 cell division rates; in culture, 183; 123, 129; evolution of, 11; CAMP receptor protein (CRP), 128, as a function of algal osmotrophy in, 131 181 morphology, 183; as a function of chloroplast, 146 capacity, environmental carrying; of temperature, 186; in relation to choanoflagellates, 13, 251 atmospheric carbon flux, 136; of fluctuating light intensity, 193; in Chromatiaceae, 6 Table 1.1, 193 available silicon, 202; of the relation to light income, 206; in chromatic adaptation, 115 nutrient resources, 152, 194; of relation to persistent low light chromatographic analysis, 167 PAR income, 138; of phosphorus intensity, 192, 207; in relation to chromophores, 123 availability, 159; of primary nitrogen deficiency, 195; in chromosomes, 179 production, 131, 134, 136, 138; as relation to nutrient deficiency, Chromulinales, 6 Table 1.1 set by mixed depth, 138; as set by 194, 200, 203, 204; in relation to Chroococcales, 6 Table 1.1, 26 Table transparency, 117 Table 3.2 nutrient stoichiometry, 200; in 1.2 carapace gape of cladocerans, 260, situ, 219 Table 5.4; in relation to chrysolaminarin, 7 Table 1.1 261, 280 phosphorus deficiency, 194; in Chrysophyta; classification of, 6 carbamylation, 99 relation to photoperiod, 189; in Table 1.1, 13; DIC requirements carbohydrate, 53 relation to resource interaction, of, 129; distribution and calcium carbon; algal content of, 28, 30, 32, 197; in relation to resource hardness, 171; evolution of, 11, 12; 33, 33 Table 1.6, 35 Table 1.7, 36, supply, 188; maxima at 20 oC, mixotrophy in, 131; pigmentation 146; availability to photosynthetic 184 Table 5.1 variability in, 115; silicon organisms, 124, 125; bacterial cell quota, definition, 31; of requirements, 27; storage content of; concentration phosphorus, 31 products in, 25; vitamin mechanism, 128; external cell wall, 24, 27 requirements of, 170 subsidies of, to pelagic systems, centropomids, 263 chrysose, 7 Table 1.1 390; fixation in the plankton, 93; cephalopods, 1, 18, 256 Table 6.1 chydorids, 261, 279

526 GENERAL INDEX

chytrids, 66, 292 critical patch size, 88, 89 decomposition rates of algae, 297 ciliates, 252 Table 6.1, 259, 260, 261, crustaceans, 259; classification of, deep ‘chlorophyll maxima’ (DCM), 353, 354 254 Table 6.1 59, 83, 115, 192, 328 ciliophorans, 252 Table 6.1, 259 Cryptomonadales, 6 Table 1.1; density; of air, 46; of carbohydrates, cirripedes, 255 Table 6.1 osmotrophy in, 131; 53; of diatoms, 53, 55; of cisco (Coregonus artedii), 289 photadaptation in, 115 metabolic oils, 53; of mucilage, 55 cladocerans, 254 Table 6.1, 260, 261, cryptophytes, evolution of, 12; ; of nucleic acids, 53; of 354 morphology of, 6 Table 1.1, 25 phytoplankton, 51, 53, 54 Table Cladophorales, 12 ctenophores (sea combs and sea 2.3, 55; of polyphosphate bodies, climate change, 431 gooseberries), 253 Table 6.1, 263 53; of proteins, 53; salinity clupeoids, 263, 389 cultural eutrophication, definition dependence of, 40; of silica, 53; coastal waters, phytoplankton of, of, 397 temperature dependence of, 40; of 233, 310 cultures, 167 water, 39 Table 2.1, 40 cobalt, 28, 167 cyanelles, 6 Table 1.1, 11 density gradients in water columns, coccoliths, 7 Table 1.1, 13, 25, 130 Cyanobacteria; buoyancy in, 56, 58, 72, 74, 75, 79, 204 coccolithophorids, evolution of, 13, 67, 81, 124; cytology of, 25; density stratification, 73, 75 14; morphology of, 7 Table 1.1, 25 classification of, 6 Table 1.1, 10, desmids, 6 Table 1.1, 12, 25; DIC coelenterates, 252 Table 6.1 26 Table 1.2; in deep chlorophyll requirements of, 129 Coleochaetales, 12 layers, 193; DIC requirements of, detergents as a source of P, 398 community assembly in the 130; distribution and calcium detritus, 419 plankton, 302 hardness, 171; enhanced diadinoxanthin–diatoxanthin community ecology of abundance with eutrophication, reaction, 123 phytoplankton, 302, 350 402; evolution of, 10, 11; gas diatoms; (see also bacillariophytes), compensation point (where vacuoles of, 24, 56; habits of, 10; 13; deposition of silica, 182, 245; photosynthetic gains and in relation to low DIN, 196; DIC requirements of, 129; maintenance losses are balanced), nitrogen fixation in, 164, 169, 398; evolution of, 27, 234; growth 16, 116, 118, 120 in relation to N : P ratio, 198; limitation though silicon competition, definition of, 152 overwintering of, 405; pH deficiency, 196; intervention in competitive exclusion principle (of tolerance in, 124, 425; silicon cycling, 174; mixed-depth Hardin), 203, 369 photoprotection in, 123; threshold for growth, 80, 244; compositional change in pico–microplanktic morphology of, 27; communities rate of, 367 transformation, 269; production photoprotection in, 123; settling condensates of assimilation, 6 Table of siderophores, 169; storage velocities of, 52, 66, 67, 245; 1.1, 7 Table 1.1, 25, 26 Table 1.2, products in, 25; structure of silicon content of, 28, 29 Table 189 photosynthetic apparatus, 96; 1.3, 31 Table 1.5, 32, 53, 220; constancy, 304 toxicity in, 56, 402, 403; ‘warning’ silicon requirements of, 27, 173, Continuous Plankton Recorder concentrations, 1229 197; uptake of silicon, 174; (CPR), 307 cyanobacterial blooms, 401 vitamin requirements of, 170 contractile vacuoles, 25 cyanophages, 295 diatoms, centric, 6 Table 1.1, 25 convection, 52 cyanophycin,85 diatoms, pennate, 7 Table 1.1 coot (Fulica atra), 422, 423 cyclopoids, 254 Table 6.1, 260, 278 diatoxanthin, 6 Table 1.1, 12 copepods, 254 Table 6.1, 259, 260 cylindrical curves, 81 dilution functions, 240 copper, 28; algal requirement for, cysts, of dinoflagellates, 215 dimethyl sulphide (DMS), 173 167; toxicity of, 167 cytochrome, 96, 167, 168 dimethyl sulphonoproponiate copper sulphate, as an algicide, 167, cytoplasm, 25 (DMSP), 173, 307; algal 416 osmoregulation by, 173; coregonids, 389 DAPI (DNA-specific stain), 220 DMS–DMSP metabolism, corethrines, 256 Table 6.1 DCMU, 66 173 Coriolis force, 17, 42 DNA, 140, 146 dinitrogen reductase, 164 crabs (decapods), 256 Table 6.1, 263 DNA : cell carbon ratio, as an index dinoflagellates; adaptive radiation Craspedophyceae, 13 of DNA replication, 220 in, 13, 14; DIC requirements of, crepuscular habitats, 192 daphniids, features of, 261; habitats 129, 130; evolution of, 12, 13, 16; critical depth model (of Sverdrup), of, 261 mixotrophy in, 131; 119, 120 decapods, 256 Table 6.1, 263 photosynthesis in, 123;

GENERAL INDEX 527

‘swimming’ velocities, 68; vitamin eddy spectrum, 17, 18, 38, 42, 48, exergy, 303, 356; fluxes of, 357, requirements of, 170 251 375 Dinophyta, 7 Table 1.1; dinophyte El Niño, 305, 309, 382 exoskeletons, 25, 27 zooplankters, 252 Table 6.1 electivity of predators, 278 exponential phase of population dipterans, 263 electrophoretic mobility, 67 growth, 183 disentrainment of phytoplankton, endemism among phytoplankton, extracellular production, 100, 140, 75, 123 353 239 disequilibrium explanations of endoplasmic reticulum, 25 eyespots, 12 species diversity, 369; consumer endosymbiosis, 11, 13, 15, 305 effects, 371; intermediate energy flow in pelagic systems, 387, factor limitation of capacity, 169 disturbances, 372, 374, 384; 388; relevance to structure, 393, faecal pellets, 288 pathogenic effects, 371; 427 ferredoxin, 96, 165, 168 resource-based competition, 371 engineer species, 382, 419 Fick’s diffusion laws, 127, 147 dispersal of plankton, 353 entrainability, 17 Ficoll, 51 dissipation of turbulence, 47 entrainment of phytoplankton, 38, filter-feeders, 260, 261, 262 dissipative ecological unit (DEU), 39, 67, 69, 74, 75, 204, 243 filter-feeding; on detrital POC, 277; 351, 355, 382 entropy, 355 impacts of, 264, 270, 274; dissolution of diatom frustules, 174 environmental grain, 47 intervention of planktivores, 277, dissolved humic matter (DHM), 142, environmental heterogeneity, 289; limiting food concentrations 390, 424 78 for, 265, 275, 277; measurement dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), epilimnion, 75 of, 265; nutritional aspects, 270; 125; uptake in phytoplankton, 128 epilithic algae, 342 rates of, 265, 266, 274; in relation epiphytes, 285 to food availability, 267; in dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), equitability (evenness), 366 relation to temperature, 274; 163 ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid saturating food concentrations dissolved organic carbon (DOC), 93, (EDTA), 168 for, 274, 276; size selection, 267; 139, 140, 141, 142, 261, 264, 388; Eubacteria, 5 in turbid water, 280 DOC produced by phytoplankton, Euglenales, 6 Table 1.1 filtering setae of cladocerans, 260, 100, 124; DOC as a source of DIC, euglenoids, 12, 25 261 126 euglenophytes; classification, 6 fish, 1, 18 dissolved organic matter (DOM), Table 1.1; evolution of, 11, 12; fishing industry, 427 142 osmotrophy in, 131; storage fish-rearing ponds, 418 dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), products in, 25 fish-supportive capacity of pelagic 163 eukaryotes, 11; early evolution of, production, 389 disturbance, 304, 372 11, 12, 13 flagellates, 6 Table 1.1; vertical diversity indices, 366 euphausids, 256 Table 6.1, 263 distribution of, 83 doliolids, 258 Table 6.1, 262 euphotic zone, 116 flagellum, propulsion, 49 droop model of nutrient uptake, euplankton, 2 Flexibacteria, 5 150 Eustigmatophyta, 6 Table 1.1, 12 flood-plain lakes, 352 dry masses of phytoplankton, 25, 26 Eutreptiales, 6 Table 1.1 flow cytometry, 140 Table 1.2; in relation to volume, eutrophic food webs, 140 fluorescence, 122; as a surrogate of 25 eutrophic lakes, phytoplankton of, biomass, 122; as a surrogate of ducks, 423 232 phyletic composition, 122 Dugdale model of nutrient uptake, eutrophication; of coastal waters, fluorometry, 52, 132 150 426; of lakes, 397; of seas, 425; of flushing, 240 dugongs, 427 Windermere, 333; reversal of, fluvial ‘dead zones’, 242 dust deposition (aeolian deposition), 408 fluvioglacial deposits, 337 170 evaporative heat losses from water foamlines, 85, 86 bodies, 41 food chains of the pelagic, 261; echinoderms, 257 Table 6.1 evenness (or equitability), 366 energetic dissipation in, 291; ecological efficiency of energy excretion, of excess photosynthate, interactive linkage strength, 291; transfer, 261 123 length of, 291 ecological stoichiometry, 199, 262 excretory products of zooplankton, food location by chemoreception, ectoprocts, 257 Table 6.1 287 280

528 GENERAL INDEX

food requirements, of calanoids, grazing losses of phytoplankton, high-nutrient, iron-deficient areas of 262 220 the ocean, 170 of cladocerans,262; of pelagic green tides, 407 Hill–Bendall model of fish, 389 greenhouse gases, oceanic photosynthesis, 94 food, zooplankton-supportive absorption of, 428 holopedids, 261 capacity of, 262 gross primary production (GPP), 141 holotrichs, 252 Table 6.1, 259 food-web control nodes, 394 growth rate; (see also replication horizontal patchiness of foraging in calanoids, 279; in rate), 178 phytoplankton, 84, 88 relation to pelagic energy flows, growth-regulating nucleotides, 158 human metabolites, as a source of 388; saturating food availability, growth and reproductive strategies P, 398 280; superiority over of freshwater phytoplankton, 208; humic acids, 168 filter-feeding, 279, 286, 394 correspondence with morphology, humic lakes, plankton of, 12, 326 foraminiferans, 252 Table 6.1, 211; C-, S- and R- primary hydrogen, algal content of, 28, 32, 259 evolutionary strategies, 209, 233, 33 Table 1.6 form resistance of phytoplankton 315; CS, CR, RS intermediate hydroxyapatite, 129 (to sinking), 50, 60; coefficient of, strategies, 210; SS strategy, 211, hydrozoans, 252 Table 6.1 51; as contributed by chain 234; violent, patient and hyperparasitism, 294 formation, 60; as provided by explerent strategies, 211 hyperscum, 215 protuberances and spines, 60; of guanosine bipyrophosphate (ppGpp), hypersensitiviy of hosts to parasitic stellate colonies, 63 158, 181, 214 attack, 294 friction velocity; (see also turbulent Gulf Stream (North Atlantic Drift hypnozygotes, 215 velocity), 46, 48 Table 2.2 Current), 289, 306 hypolimnion, 75 frictional drag coefficients, 41 Gymnoceratia, 216, 229 frustules; (see also diatoms, siliceous Gymnodiniales, 7 Table 1.1 ice cover, 306, 307, 308, 322 cell walls), 27, 32, 174 gymnodinioids, 13 information theory, 366 fucoxanthin, 6 Table 1.1, 7 Table 1.1, intermediate disturbance hypothesis 12, 13 HNLC oceans (high nitrogen, low (IDH), 373, 377 fulvic acids, 168 chlorophyll), 308 invasion by species ‘new to the fungal epidemics, 293 habitat filtration, 360 locality’, 384 fungi, 2; parasitic on algae, 292 habitat templates, 315, 348, 394 internal phosphorus loading, 412 haddock (Megalogrammus aeglifinus), ionic regulation, 55 Gaia principle, 173 427 iron, 167, 335, 398, 424; algal gas vacuoles, 56 Haeckel, E., 3 requirement for, 168; cell gas vesicles, 57, 58 Halobacteria, 5 contents of, 28, 168 gastropods, 256 Table 6.1 Haptonema, 13 complexes with organic carbon gastrotrichs, 253 Table 6.1 haptophytes; classification of, 7 (DOFE), 170; limitation of Gelbstoff, 111 Table 1.1; evolution of, 11, 13; nitrogen fixation, 169; limiting generation time, 178, 188 morphology of, 24; pigmentation concentrations, 168; sources of, germination of resting stages, 214, variability in, 115; vitamin 170; symptoms of cell deficiency, 229, 250 requirements of, 170 168; uptake by algae, 168 gill rakers, 263, 389 harmful algal blooms (HAB), 312, iron-binding chelates, 168 Gilvin, 111 401 IRONEX oceanic fertilisation, 170, glaciations, 336 heat flux, solar, 72 308 Glaucophyta, 6 Table 1.1 heleoplankton, definition of, 2 island biogeography, 352 global warming, 14 hemipterans, 263 isopycny, 19, 72, 82 glucose, 100 Henry’s law, 125, 126 glutathione, 123 Hensen, V., 3 jellyfish, 2 glycerol, 52 herbivory on phytoplankton, 250 Jenkin mud sampler, 249 glycogen, 6 Table 1.1, 25, 26 Table herring (Clupea harengus), 261, 263, 1.2, 59, 98, 189 427 kairomones, 269 glycolate excretion, 100, 239 heterocysts (heterocytes), 6 Table karyokinesis, 179 glycolic acid, 100, 123 1.1, 26 Table 1.2, 164, 196, 230 kataglacial lakes, phytoplankton of, Gonyaulacales, 7 Table 1.1 heterotrophy, 12, 126, 141 232 gonyaulacoids, 13 Hibberdiales, 7 Table 1.1 Kelvin–Helmholtz instability, 79

GENERAL INDEX 529

keystone species, 382, 394, 427 light-saturation of photosynthesis, manganese, 28, 167, 424; algal kinematic viscosity, 44, 48 103, 106 Table 3.1, 122, 136 requirement for, 167 KISS model of critical patch size, 88 limiting capacity, 152 mannitol, 6 Table 1.1 Kolmogorov eddy scale, 42, 45 limiting factors, 151 mantis shrimps, 263 krill (euphausids), 256 Table 6.1, 263 limnoplankton,, 2 marine snow, 66, 166, 248, 249, 430 lipid, 6 Table 1.1, 7 Table 1.1, 54; marl lakes, 129 accumulation, 54 mass mortalities of phytoplankton, lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush), 290 lipo-polysaccharides, 403 214 lakes as a source of CO2, 390 Lloyd’s crowding index, 82 match–mismatch hypothesis, 290 lamellibranchs, 256 Table 6.1 lobsters (decapods), 256 Table 6.1, maturation-promoting factors (MPF), laminar flow, 44 263 181 Langmuir circulations, 85, 85 Lorenzian attractors, 396 mechanical energy loss in water larvaceans, 258 Table 6.1, 259 loss rates of phytoplankton, 139, columns, 47 larvae, planktic: actinotrocha, 257 239; aggregated, 297; due to cell medusae, 252 Table 6.1 Table 6.1; amphiblastulae, 252 death, 240, 296; due to megalopterans, 256 Table 6.1, 263 Table 6.1; appendicularia, 258 consumption by animals, 240, megaplankton, 263 Table 6.1; auricularia, 257 Table 243, 278, 280, 285, 286; due to Mehler reaction, 100, 123 6.1; bipinnaria, 285 Table 6.5; downstream transport, 239, 242; membrane transport systems, 148 cyphonautes, 257 Table 6.1; due to parasitism, 240, 292, 295; memory in community assembly, cypris, 255 Table 6.1; megalopa, due to sedimentation, 240, 243; 366, 380, 384 256 Table 6.1; nauplii larvae, 259; due to washout, 239, 240, 241; meromictic lakes, 74, 263 paralarvae, 264; phyllosoma, 256 from suspension, 70, 76; seasonal meromixis, 74, 340 Table 6.1; pilidium, 253 Table 6.1; variations, 297, 299 meroplankton, 2, 243 pluteus, 257 Table 6.1; losses, distinction between mesophytoplankton, size definition trochophore, 256 Table 6.1; physiological and demographic of, 5 trochosphere, 253 Table 6.1; processes, 239 mesotrophic lakes, phytoplankton veliger, 256 Table 6.1; zoea, 256 luxury uptake of nutrients, 31, 151, of, 233 Table 6.1 161, 194 mesozooplankto: of freshwaters, latent heat of evaporation, 41 Lycopodium spores, as a model of 260; of the sea, 261 Laurentian great lakes, 290 suspended phytoplankton, 76, 80, metalimnion, 75 leptodorids, 261 245 methanogens, 5 leucosin, 6 Table 1.1 Michaelis–Menten kinetics, 150 licensing factors, 181 mackerel (Scomber scombrus), 261 microalgae (µ-algae), 2, 4 Liebig’s law of the minimum, macroecology, 380 microbial food web, 140, 259, 261, 152 macroinvertebrates (of macrophyte 318 light (see also photosynthetically beds), 419 microbial ‘loop’, 140 active radiation), 95; absorption macrophytes, 342, 391, 395; microcystins, 403, 404 by water, 138; attenuation architecture of, 418; effects of micronutrients, inorganic, 166; (extinction) of, underwater, 103, eutrophication on, 420; leaf area organic, 170 109, 110, 113, 116; effect of cloud index in, 420; as refuges for microphytoplankton, size definition on, 108; light underwater, 108, potamoplankton, 243 of, 5 110; surface incidence of, 108; macrophytoplankton, size definition microplanktic protists, 251 surface reflectance, 108 of, 5 microplanktic metazoans, 259 light harvesting by photosynthetic macroplanktic herbivores, 262 microstratification, 81 organisms, 94, 95, 123 macroplanktic predators, 261 microzooplankton, 170, 251, 259, light-harvesting complex (LHC); areal macrothricids, 261, 279 261, 287, 392 concentrations of, 137; mechanics magnesium, 28; algal requirement migration of phytoplankton, of, 96, 97, 192; numbers of, 113; for, 172; availability of, 172 vertical, 83 structure of, 95, 96 maintenance requirement of Milankovitch cycle, 431 light adaptation in phytoplankton, resource, 189 minimal communities, 351 113, 114, 120 mammals, 2, 18 minimum cell quota, of a given light-dependent growth in malacostracans, 255 Table 6.1 nutrient, 150 phytoplankton, 206 manatees, 427 Mischococcales, 6 Table 1.1 light : nutrient ratio in lakes, 199 Mandala, of Margalef, 314, 408 mitochondria, 25

530 GENERAL INDEX

mitosis, 180 nanophytoplankton size definition nutrient-induced fluorescent mixing times, 75, 76, 117 of, 5 transients (NIFT) indicative of P mixolimnion, 340 nekton, 1, 2, 18, 263 deficiency, 159 mixotrophy in phytoplankton, 131, nematodes, 253 Table 6.1 nutrient ratios, in algal tissue, 28 159 net primary production (NPP), 134; nutrient regeneration, 287 models simulating phytoplankton by global domains, 135 Table 3.3 growth and performance, 234 netplankton, 4 ocean; heat exchanges, 41; renewal Mollusca, 256 Table 6.1 niche, 303, 354 time, 39; total area of, 39; total molybdate-reactive phosphorus Nile perch (Lates), 341 volume of, 39; water circulation (MRP), 155, 399 Nile tilapia (Oreochromis), 341 in the, 41, 42 molybdenum, 28, 167, 335, 398; nitrate reductase, 163; synthesis of, oceanic fronts, 307, 308 algal requirement for, 167 168 oceanic provinces, 318 monimolimnion, 340 nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), 168 Oedogoniales, 12 Monin–Obukhov length, 72, 79, 119, nitrogen; algal content of, 28, 30, oils (as storage product), 6 Table 1.1, 121, 243 32, 33, 33 Table 1.6, 35 Table 1.7, 7 Table 1.1, 25; effect on cell Monod equation, 150 36, 161; availability to densities, 53, 54 monosccharides, 100 phytoplankton, 162, 163; cell oligotrophic lakes, 388; Monosigales, 13 quotas of, 164; external phytoplankton of, 232 monosilicic acid, 28, 173, 182 concentrations favouring oligotrophic food webs, 140 monovalent : divalent cation ratio, dinitrogen fixers, 196; external open oceans, phytoplankton of, 172 concentrations half-saturating 233 morphological adaptations of phytoplankton growth, 196; operons, 149, 181 phytoplankton, 19, 23, 24, 48, 53, N-regulated capacity of opossum shrimps (mysids), 255 120 Patagonian lakes, 162, 196, 335; Table 6.1 motility, advantages of for potential chlorophyll yield, 164; organic composition of phytoplankters, 205, 206 requirement of for cell doubling, phytoplankton, 28 mucilage, presence of in plankters, 146, 188, 195; sources of, 162; orthophosphoric acid, 153 271; as a defence against uptake rates of algal cells, 163 Oscillatoriales, 6 Table 1.1, 26 Table digestion, 273; as a defence nitrogen fixation, 164; in 1.2 against grazers, 270, 273; as a Cyanobacteria, 164, 398; DIN osmoregulation, 25 defence against heavy metals, sensitivity of, 165, 196; osmotrophy, 131 273; as a defence against oxygen, dependence upon energy, 165; outgassing of CO2 from lakes and 273; for nutrient sequestration, dependence upon phosphorus, rivers, 126 272; production as a buoyancy 165; redox sensitivity of, 164; overwintering of Cyanobacteria, aid, 55, 67; properties of, 24, 55, requirement for trace metals, 214, 405 271; relative volume of, 57 Table 165 oxygen, algal content of, 28, 32, 33 2.4; as a response to nutrient nitrogenase, 168 Table 1.6 deficiency, 271; for North American Great Lakes, 89 self-regulation, 272; for North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), pH, 124, 423 streamlining, 272 289 pH–CO2–bicarbonate system in mucilaginous phytoplankters, 24 northern cod (Gadus morhua), 427 water, 125 mucilaginous threads, 67 Nostocales, 6 Table 1.1, 26 Table 1.2 pH sensitivity of phosphate Muller,¨ J., 3 nucleus, 25; nuclear division solubility, 153 mycoplankton, 2, 2 (karyokinesis), 179 packaging effect on pigment mycosporine-like amino acids, 123 nucleic acids, 27, 53, 179 distribution, 192 mysids, 255 Table 6.1, 263 nutrients, 145; availability to paradox of the plankton (of myxomycetes, 295 phytoplankton, 145, 146; cell Hutchinson), 368, 379 quotas, 150, 199; demand versus paralarvae, 256 Table 6.1 NADP (nicotinamide adenine supply, 145, 188; flux rates to paramylon (or paramylum), 6 Table dinucleotide phosphate), 94, 96; cells, 147; intracellular sensitivity 1.1, 25, 98, 189 reduction of, 165 and control, 149; limitation, 151, parasites of phytoplankton, 292, 294 nannoplankton, 2 152; uptake by phytoplankton, parasitic fungi, 66 nanocytes, 215 145, 146, 148, 150; uptake, role of particulate organic carbon (POC), nanoflagellates, 259, 280, 287 motion, 147 126, 279, 390, 393

GENERAL INDEX 531

particulate organic matter (POM), photoheterotrophy, 5 phototrophic bacteria, 5 390 photoinhibition, 104, 117, 121, 122, phycobilins, 6 Table 1.1, 10, 12, 25, patchiness of phytoplankton, 78, 84, 124, 194, 246 26 Table 1.2, 168 88 photons, 95 phycobiliproteins, 115 Pavlovales, 7 Table 1.1 photon flux density (PFD), 95, 123 phycobilisomes, 10, 95 Péclet number (Pe), 147 photon interception and absorption, phycocyanin, 6 Table 1.1, 26 Table Pedinellales, 7 Table 1.1 95 1.2, 115, 193 Pedinomonadales, 6 Table 1.1, 11 photooxidation, 121 phycoerythrin, 6 Table 1.1, 26 Table penetrative convection, 72 photoprotection, 104, 121, 122, 194 1.2, 115, 193 perch (Perca fluviatilis), 289 photorespiration, 99, 123, 139, 239 phycomycetes, 292 perennation of phytoplankton, 249 photosynthesis, as a basis of aquatic phycoviruses, 295 Peridiniales, 7 Table 1.1 production,, 5, 93; biochemistry phyllopods, 260, 279 peridinians, 32 of, 94; carbon limitation of, 127, Phytodiniales, 7 Table 1.1 peridinin, 13 130; carbon oxidation, 100; carbon phytoplankters, 3 peritrichs, 252 Table 6.1 sourcing in, 124, 125; condensates phytoplankton, definition of, 2, 3, Permian extinctions, 14 of, 25; electron transport, 94, 95; 36; functional classification of, 4; phaeophytes, 12 hexose generation, 94, 95; phyletic classification of, 4, 5, 36; phaeophytin, 96 Hill–Bendall model of, 94; general characteristics of, 16; phagotrophy, 12; in algae, as a integration through depth, 104, numbers of species of, 4; size, 19, means of nutrient sequestration, 119, 132; integration through 20 Table 1.1, 34, 35 Table 1.7, 36, 159 time, 132; light efficiency of (P/ I), 53; shape, 19, 20 Table 1.1, 22, 23, phoronids, 257 Table 6.1 103, 105; light harvesting in, 94, 35 Table 1.7, 50; form resistance, phosphatase production in algae, 95; light saturation of, 103, 106 50, 53, 60, 243; morphological 159 Table 3.1, 122, 136; measurement, adaptation, 19, 23, 24, 48, 53, 120; phosphate binding in soils, 398 101, 105, 107; models of, 104, 110; turbulent embedding of, 48, 49; phosphoglycolate, 99 net of respiration, 107, 132; ‘swimming’, 49; effect of viscosity, phosphoglycolic acid, 123 oxygen generation, 94; productive 49; settling velocities of, 39, 49, phosphorus, algal content of, 28, 31, yields, 133, 139; quantum 50, 52, 61 Table 2.5, 67, 68, 75, 77; 32, 33, 33 Table 1.6, 36, 151; efficiency of, 95, 98, 100; as a function of size, 53; as a affinity adaptation, 157; reduction of CO2, 94, 96, 98, 146; function of density, 53; as a availability to phytoplankton, 398, reduction of water, 94; regulation function of chain formation, 62; 399; deficiency in cells, 158; by light, 101, 102, 108, 120, 121; in as a function of cylindrical external concentrations relation to depth, 103; surface elongation, 62; as a function of half-saturating phytoplankton depression of, 104 colony formation, 63; stellate growth, 195; as a factor limiting photosynthetic inhibitors, 66 colonies, 63; settling velocities as growth rate of phytoplankton, photosynthetic pigments, 5, 6 Table a function of cell vitality, 65, 66; 158; fractions in water, 154 Table 1.1, 7 Table 1.1, 11, 12, 25, 26 entrainment of, 38, 39, 67, 69, 74, 4.1; minimum requirements of Table 1.2, 123 75, 77; vertical distribution of, 80, algae for, 151; potential photosynthetic quotient (PQ), 100, 83; horizontal patchiness of, 84, chlorophyll yield, 160; quotas 105, 107, 163, 190 88; dry masses of, 25, 26 Table 1.2; supporting replication, 158; photosynthetic rates, Tab 3.1, 104, densities of, 51, 53, 54 Table 2.3; requirement of for cell doubling, 106 Table 3.1; temperature organic composition of, 28; 146, 188, 194; sources of, 151; dependence of, 106 elemental composition, 24, 25, storage adaptation, 157; uptake photosynthetic yield to planktic 28, 35 Table 1.7, 36, 146; rates of algal cells, 150, 155, 157 food webs, 139 photosynthesis in, 93; light Table 4.2; velocity adaptation, 157 photosynthetically active radiation adaptation in, 113, 114, 120; phosphorus, recycling of, 412 (PAR); (see also light), 16, 95, 108; uptake of carbon in, 127, 128; phosphorus ‘release’ from carbon yield, 100; energy bacterivory in, 131; excretion in, sediments, 413 equivalence, 95, 100 123; nutrient requirements of, photadaptation, to low light doses, photosystem I, 94, 96, 122, 146; nutrient uptake, 19; 120, 193, 194 165 availability of nitrogen to, 164; photoautotrophy, 5, 94, 141 photosystem II, 94, 95, 122, nitrogen uptake rates of, 163; photodamage, 124 123 availability of phosphorus to, 153, photodegradation (of DOM), 143 phototrophy, 12 154, 154 Table 4.1, 398, 399

532 GENERAL INDEX

phytoplankton, definition of (cont.) oligotrophic lakes, 319; of Planck’s constant, 95 ;phosphorus uptake rates of, 150, subarctic lakes, 328; of alpine plasmalemma, 24, 25, 146 155, 157 Table 4.2; lakes, 329; of the English Lakes, planktivory, 392, 395 phosphorus-constrained growth 330; of Auracanian lakes, 335; of plankton, definition of, 1, 2 of, 158; cell phosphorus quotas, kataglacial lakes, 336; of the plastids, 11, 12, 13, 25, 123 161; major-ion requirements of, African Great Lakes, 339; of Lake plastoquinone (PQ), 96, 122 171; as trophic-level indicators, Titicaca, 342; of shallow lakes, plate tectonics, 309 129; growth and replication of, 342; in relation to supportive polder lakes, 366 178; growth rates of, (see also cell capacity, 346; overview of polychaetes, 253 Table 6.1, 263 division rates), 183; as a function mechanisms, 383 polymerase chain reaction (PCR), of nutrient availability, 151; phytoplankton population dynamics 140 light-dependent growth in, 206; in natural environments, 217; polymictic lakes, 74 areas projected by, 192; adaptive estimating in-situ rates of growth, polynia, 306 traits of, 207; growth and 217; episodic outbursts of rapid polyphemids, 261 reproductive strategies, 208; increase, 217; observed increase polyphosphate bodies, 53 strategies for survival of resource rates, 217; frequency of dividing polysaccharides, 98 exhaustion, 211; loss from cells (FDC), 218; frequency of Porifera (sponges), 27 suspension, 70, 76; losses to nuclear division, 220; from post-upwelling relaxation, 309 grazers, 139, 141, 220, 250; resource depletion, 220; spring potamoplankton, 2, 242 counter-grazing adaptations, 269; increase in a temperate lake, 221; potassium, 28; algal requirement effects of zooplankton selection effect of inoculum size, 223, 225, for, 172 on, 287; beneficial effects of 229; effect of nutrient availability, power, 303, 355 zooplankton, 287; selection by 223; effect of temperature, 223, Prasinophyta, 6 Table 1.1, 11 performance, 225; seasonality of 226; effect of underwater light Prasiolales, 12 selective mechanisms, 231; field, 223, 226; effect of resource prawns (decapods), 256 Table 6.1 eutrophic species of, 232; diminution, 223; effect of lake Prochlorales, 6 Table 1.1, 26 Table oligotrophic species, 203 Table enrichment on timing of 1.2 5.2, 232, 233; of shallow lakes, maxima, 224; species selection by prochlorobacteria, 6 Table 1.1, 11, 233; of coastal waters, 233; of performance, 225; exploitative 26 Table 1.2 open oceans, 233; of rivers, 242; efficiency, 225; comparison of programmed cell death, 297 entrainment criteria for, 243; species-specific performances, 226; projected area of algal shape, 192 sedimentary fluxes of, 247, 249, effect of light-exposure prokaryotes, 25 318; parasites of, 292, 294; thresholds, 226; in relation to Prorocentrales, 7 Table 1.1 parasitic infections of, 66; phosphorus availability, 228; in PROTECH phytoplankton growth perennation of, 249; regenerative relation to pH, 228; in relation to model, 236, 377, 383, 415 strategies of, 249; trait separation N:P ratio, 230; in relation to proteins, 27, 53 of, 319; community assembly in, transparency, 230; in relation to protistans, 2, 11, 27, 251 350; succession in the sea, 313; carbon dioxide, 231; in relation to Protobacteria (α-), 142 biomass levels in the sea, 313, seasonality, 231, 232, 234; Protobacteria (γ -), 142 388; biomass levels in inland quantification in a Blelham protomonadids, 251 waters, 345; dispersal Enclosure, 221 Table 5.5, 221 proton motive forces, 148 mechanisms, 353; of acidic Table 5.6; as influenced by protoplasm, 25, 30 waters, 423, 424; of humic lakes, simultaneous loss rates, 298; protozoans, parasitic on algae, 294 326; methods to control species selection by performance, Prymnesiales, 7 Table 1.1 abundance, 414 298; effect of inoculum size, 299; purple non-sulphur bacteria, 5 phytoplankton assemblages, sinking losses., 299; simulation pycnocline, 75, 79, 245, 340 communities and structure, 302; models of, 234 Pyramimonadales, 6 Table 1.1, 11 of high-latitude seas, 306, 308; of phytosociology, 318; application to pyrosomans, 262 the North Pacific, 304; of the the pelagic, 319 South Pacific, 306; of oceanic Phytotelmata, 292, 352 Q10 , of photosynthetic rate, 107; of upwellings, 308; of continental picophytoplankton, size definition cell division, 186 shelves, 309, 310; of inshore of, 5; settling velocities of, 68; in quanta, 95 waters, 317; of large oligotrophic oligotrophic oceans, 234 quantum efficiency of lakes, 319; of small and medium plagioclimax, 370 photosynthesis, 95

GENERAL INDEX 533

quantum yield of photosynthesis, Richardson numbers, 73 sedimented material, resuspension 98, 100 Rift Valley lakes, 339; food webs of, of, 250 quinones, 96 263 seiching, 340 river bed roughness, 46 selective planktic feeding, 278; r-, K- and w- selection, 209, 212, 231, rivet theory (of Ehrlich and Ehrlich), impacts of, 280 314 382 ‘self-organisation’ of communities, radiolarians, 3, 27, 252 Table 6.1, RNA, 140, 146, 199, 262 355 259 roach (Rutilus rutilus), 278, 392, 422 seston, definition of, 2 rails, 423 rotifers, 253 Table 6.1, 259, 292, settlement of diatom frustules, 175 Raphidomonadales, 6 Table 1.1 354 settling flux, 220 Raphidophyta, 6 Table 1.1, 12 RUBISCO (ribulose 1, 5-biphosphate shallow lakes, characteristics of, raptorial feeders, planktic, 260, 278 carboxylase), 94, 95, 98, 99, 127, 319, 342, 391; alternative steady recruitment of larval fish, 289 128; as an oxidase, 99, 123, 140 states in, 343, 417; phytoplankton recycling of phosphorus, 412 RuBP (ribulose1, 5-biphosphate), 94, of, 233 recycling of resources in the 98, 99, 123 Shannon–Weaver index, 366, 378 pelagic, 288, 296 sharks, 427 Redfield stoichiometric ratio, 32, 33, salmonids, 389 shear, 148, 250, 413 33 Table 1.6, 37, 188, 198 salps, 258 Table 6.1, 261, 262 shear velocity; (see also turbulent red tides, 407 sampling strategies for velocity), 46, 48 Table 2.2 redox-sensitivity of phosphate phytoplankton, 89 shelf waters, 117 Table 3.2, 135, 309, solubility, 153; of nitrogen saprophytes, 297 430 speciation, 162; of nitrogen sarcodines, 259 Sherwood Number (Sh), 148 fixation, 164; to toxicity of metal satellite-borne remote sensing, 131, shortwave electromagnetic micronutrients, 167 134 radiation, 72 relocation of phosphorus capacity, saxitoxins, 403, 407 siderophores, 169 away from plankton, 411 scales, calcareous, 7 Table 1.1, 25; sidids, 260 replication rate, 178 siliceous, 25 sieve effect, 112 reptiles, 1, 18 scum formation, 402, 404 silica, 28; opaline, 174; skeletal, 174 resilience (elasticity) of Scourfieldiales, 6 Table 1.1 siliceous cell walls, 25, 27, 53 communities to recover from sea bass (Morone), 428 silicification of diatoms, 13, 174 forcing, 304, 380, 383 sea birds, 428 silicon, 28; algal content of, 33 resistance of communities to sea combs (ctenophores), 263 Table 1.6, 173; cycling by diatoms, forcing, 304, 380 sea gooseberries (ctenophores), 253 174; deposition, in diatoms, 182, resource-based competition, 197, Table 6.1, 263 245; external SRSi concentrations 371 sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus), half-saturating diatom growth, resource segregation, 205 290 197; relative to carbon, 174; respiration; basal rate, 108, 115, sea otters, 427 requirements of diatoms, 173, 132, 190; measurement of, 102; sea sawdust, 81, 166 197; silicon limitation of diatoms, ‘dark’ and ‘light’, 102, 189; as a sea urchin barrens, 426 196; silicon requirements of balance to excess photosynthesis, seals, 427, 428 Synurophyceae, 173; solution from 139, 239, 388 seasonality in phytoplankton sinking of diatoms, 174; sources, resting stages, 214, 249, 250 performances, 231, 232, 234 27, 173; uptake by diatoms, 173 restoration of lakes by seaweeds, 12 sinking behaviour, of phosphorus-load reduction, 409; Secchi disk, 116, 118 phytoplankton, 39, 49, 50, 52, by sediment removal,, 413; using secondary sewage treatment, 399 243; of colonial aggregates, 63; of clay minerals, 413; sensitivity of sediment deposition, 249 cylindrical shapes, 50, 62; of systems to treatment, 413 sediment diagenesis, 250 oblate spheroids, 50; of prolate resuspension of sedimented sediment focusing, 250 spheroids, 50; in relation to material, 79, 250 sediment semi-fluid surface layer, mixed-layer depth, 70 retention time (hydraulic), 240, 241 249 relevance to nutrient uptake, Reynolds number, of water flow, 45, sediment traps, 220, 246 147; of sculpted models of algae, 50, 243; of particle motion, 49, 50 sedimentary flux, 284, 388, 390, 50, 51; spherical shapes, 50; rhizopods, 252 Table 6.1, 292 430; of phytoplankton, 247, 249, of stellate colonies, 63 rhodophytes, 11, 12 318

534 GENERAL INDEX

sinking behaviour (cont.); of storage products of phytoplankton, trace elements, 167 teardrop shapes, 51; vital 6 Table 1.1, 7 Table 1.1, 25, 26 trait selection, 362 regulation of, 52, 65, 66, 123, 246 Table 1.2 trait-separated functional groups of sinking-rate determination, 51 stratification of the water column, freshwater phyoplankton, 319, size-efficiency hypothesis, 278 73, 75, 79, 204 320 Table 7.1, 346, 347 Table 7.6, size spectra of phytoplankton straw, anti-algal effects of, 405 394 assemblages, 348 structural viscosity, 67 Tribonematales, 6 Table 1.1 slime moulds, 295 structured granules, 25 tripton, definition of, 2 sodium, 28; algal requirement for, succession, in terrestrial plant trishydroxymethyl-aminomethane 172; cyanobacterial requirement communities, 204; in the (tris), 168 for; , 172 plankton, 303, 359, 370, 384 trophic cascades, 263, 288 soil chemistry, 398 succession rate, 366 trophic states, 400; separation SOIREE oceanic iron fertilisation, successional climax, 304, 359, 365 criteria, 401 Table 8.1 170, 308 sulphate, algal requirement for, 172 tuna (Thunnus), 428 solar energy income, 41; as a sulphur, algal content of, 28, 32, 33 tunicates, 258 Table 6.1, 261, function of latitude, 41 Table 1.6 262 solar constant, 41, 95 sulphur-reducing bacteria, 5, 193 turbellarians, 253 Table 6.1 solar energy income, 108 supportive capacity, 346 turbulence, 42, 46; in confined solar heat flux, 72 surface avoidance by flagellates, 83 channels, 46; associated with soluble reactive silicon (SRSi), 173 surface-area-to-volume ratio in moving particles, 49 species composition in marine phytoplankton, 185 turbulent dissipation, 47, 71; rate plankton, 302; in limnetic surface mixed layer, 47, 204; of, 47, 48, 48 Table 2.2 plankton, 318; in relation to light mixed-layer depth, 48 Table 2.2, turbulent embedding of deficiency, 345; in relation to 71, 74, 75, 79, 80, 204, 244; mixed phytoplankton, 48, 49 nutrient deficiencies, 345 depth, in relation to light turbulent extent, 69 species richness of phytoplankton penetration, 117, 119, 138, 244; turbulent intensity, 74, 75 assemblages, 354, 364, 366, 367; relative to phytoplankton sinking turbulent kinetic energy, 47 a-, β-, ?-diversity, 380, 394; rates, 244; artificial enhancement turbulent velocity, 39, 45, 46, 48 relevance to community of, 414 Table 2.2, 69; fluctuations of, 45, functioning, 382; in relation to suspension of planktic organisms, 1, 46 successional maturation, 384 17, 38 turgor pressure, 57, 59 species selection, in oligotrophic Synurales, 7 Table 1.1 tychoplankton, 1, 2 systems, 203; in rivers, 242 synurophycaens, 25 specific heat, of water, 16, 41 ‘Swimming’ velocities in ubiquity of phytoplankton, 353 spirotrichs, 252 Table 6.1, 259 phytoplankton, 49, 68, 83, 205 Ulotrichales, 6 Table 1.1, 12 squid (cephalopods), 256 Table 6.1, ‘Telescoping’ of algae at the surface, ultraplankton, 2, 4 264 402, 404 Ulvales, 12 stability in phytoplankton ultraviolet radiation, protection communities, 304, 381 tench (Tinca), 423 from, 123 standing crop, 223 terrestrial sources of POM, POC, 390 underwater light fields, 108, 110, starch, 6 Table 1.1, 7 Table 1.1, 25, Tetrasporales, 6 Table 1.1, 12 111, 119 98, 189 thalliaceans, 258 Table 6.1, 261, 262 upwellings, 308 statoblasts, 257 Table 6.1, 353 thermal bar, 89, 324 urea, as a source of nitrogen stoichiometric lake metabolism thermal stratification, 73, 75, 290 available to phytoplankton, 163 model, 401 thermocline, 74, 75 Utermohl¨ counting technique, 179 stoichiometric oxygen demand of thylakoids, 10, 12, 25, 96, 146; decomposition, 296 assembly, 168 vacuoles, 25 stoichiometry, as an ecological tides, 42 vanadium, 28, 167, 335, 398 driver, 199, 287 tidal mixing, 42, 48 Varzeas´ (flood-plain lakes), 352 Stokes’ Equation, 49, 51, 243 total iron (TFe), 169 vascular plants, 11 stolothrissids, 389 total phosphorus (TP), 155, 399 velocity adaptation of nutrient stoneworts, 419 toxic algae, 312, 401, 407 uptake, 157, 194, 202 storage adaptation of nutrient toxic metals, 167; redox sensitivity velocity gradients through water uptake, 157, 194, 202 of, 167 columns, 47, 80, 83

GENERAL INDEX 535

vertical migration of viscous behaviour of, 44, 49; young-of-the-year (YOY) fish, 289 phytoplankton, 205 specific heat of, 41 viruses, 2, 5, 292, 295 water, expansion coefficient of, 72 zeaxanthin–violoxanthin reaction, viscosity of water, 39 Table 2.1, 40 water movements, 17, 38, 39, 41, 47, 123 vitamins, 170; microalgal benefits 77 zebra mussel (Dreissenia polymorpha), from, 170; B12 requirements of water blooms, 56, 81, 401 290, 323 phytoplankton, 170 Wedderburn number, 74, 75, 243 zeta potential, 67 Vollenweider–OECD model, 399, WETSTEM electron microscopy, 67 zinc, 28, 167 400, 408, 410 whales, 263, 428 zoobenthos, 392, 395 volume; of the ice caps, 39; of ‘white water’ events, 13 zoomastigophorans, 251, 252 Table inland waters, 39; of the sea, wind action, 42; stress applied to 6.1 39 water, 46, 69; velocity, 46 zooplankton, 2, 2, 251; phyletic Volvocales, 6 Table 1.1, 12, 25; DIC classification of, 252 Table 6.1; to, requirements of, 130 X-ray microanalysis, 167 258 Table 6.1; anti-predator vorticellids, 259 xanthophylls, 12, 13, 25, 95;, 115, defences, 269; growth rates of, 123 274; competitive interactions Water, physical properties of, 16, 39; Xanthophyta, 12, 25; classification among calanoids and cladocerans, et seq., 39 Table 2.1; molecular of, 6 Table 1.1 286; zooplankton and optimal structure, 39 foraging by fish, 392, 394 density of, 39 Table 2.1, 40; yellow perch (Perca flavescens), zoospores, 66 viscosity of, 39 Table 2.1, 40; 290 Zygnematales, 6 Table 1.1, 12