Metabarcoding Analysis on European Coastal Samples Reveals New
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Platyhelminthes, Nemertea, and "Aschelminthes" - A
BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE FUNDAMENTALS AND SYSTEMATICS – Vol. III - Platyhelminthes, Nemertea, and "Aschelminthes" - A. Schmidt-Rhaesa PLATYHELMINTHES, NEMERTEA, AND “ASCHELMINTHES” A. Schmidt-Rhaesa University of Bielefeld, Germany Keywords: Platyhelminthes, Nemertea, Gnathifera, Gnathostomulida, Micrognathozoa, Rotifera, Acanthocephala, Cycliophora, Nemathelminthes, Gastrotricha, Nematoda, Nematomorpha, Priapulida, Kinorhyncha, Loricifera Contents 1. Introduction 2. General Morphology 3. Platyhelminthes, the Flatworms 4. Nemertea (Nemertini), the Ribbon Worms 5. “Aschelminthes” 5.1. Gnathifera 5.1.1. Gnathostomulida 5.1.2. Micrognathozoa (Limnognathia maerski) 5.1.3. Rotifera 5.1.4. Acanthocephala 5.1.5. Cycliophora (Symbion pandora) 5.2. Nemathelminthes 5.2.1. Gastrotricha 5.2.2. Nematoda, the Roundworms 5.2.3. Nematomorpha, the Horsehair Worms 5.2.4. Priapulida 5.2.5. Kinorhyncha 5.2.6. Loricifera Acknowledgements Glossary Bibliography Biographical Sketch Summary UNESCO – EOLSS This chapter provides information on several basal bilaterian groups: flatworms, nemerteans, Gnathifera,SAMPLE and Nemathelminthes. CHAPTERS These include species-rich taxa such as Nematoda and Platyhelminthes, and as taxa with few or even only one species, such as Micrognathozoa (Limnognathia maerski) and Cycliophora (Symbion pandora). All Acanthocephala and subgroups of Platyhelminthes and Nematoda, are parasites that often exhibit complex life cycles. Most of the taxa described are marine, but some have also invaded freshwater or the terrestrial environment. “Aschelminthes” are not a natural group, instead, two taxa have been recognized that were earlier summarized under this name. Gnathifera include taxa with a conspicuous jaw apparatus such as Gnathostomulida, Micrognathozoa, and Rotifera. Although they do not possess a jaw apparatus, Acanthocephala also belong to Gnathifera due to their epidermal structure. ©Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS) BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE FUNDAMENTALS AND SYSTEMATICS – Vol. -
Spongejaspis Sp-Associated Bacteria Producing Protease Inhibitor
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Spongejaspis sp-Associated Bacteria Producing Protease Inhibitor DEDE MAHDIYAH1,2, ARIS TRI WAHYUDI3, WIDANARNI3, HELMIA FARIDA4 1 Sari Mulia University, Banjarmasin, Indonesia 2Doctoral Programm, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia 3Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia 4Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia Correspondence to Dr. Dede Mahdiyah, Email :[email protected], Telp: +62-82250812565 ABSTRACT Background: Proteaseinhibitors are important in medicine, particularly in disabling proteases in the pathogenic processes of human diseases such as arthritis, cancer,HIV/AIDS and other infections. Sponges are excellent sources forbioactive compounds such as enzyme inhibitors, antiviral, antimicrobial. Aim: To explore sponge-associated bacteria as sources of protease inhibitors. Methods:This was an explorative descriptive study. Bacteria isolated from sponge Jaspis sp were screened using sea water complete and skim-milk double-layer plate. When the screening test positive, the activity of protease inhibitors was assessed using three substrates i.e proteinase-K, crude extract of protease (CEP) from Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonasaeruginosa, Enteropathogenic Escherichiacoli(EPEC) K11, and subtilisin. Optimum incubation time, temperature, and pH were determined to measure the activity ofthe protease inhibitors. Phenotypical characterization was performed using Gram and Microbact-kit. 16S-rRNA sequencing was done for identification. Results: Out of 136 isolates screened, three were positive for their potency as protease inhibitor producers, including oneGram-negative coccus and two Gram-positive cocci. The isolates showed protease inhibitor activity up to 90% toward the three substrates. The optimum time incubation toward three substratesranged 12-24 hours. The optimum temperatures for the three isolates were 30Co-60oC, 20o-30oC, and 30oC respectively. -
Redalyc.Keys for the Identification of Families and Genera of Atlantic
Biota Neotropica ISSN: 1676-0611 [email protected] Instituto Virtual da Biodiversidade Brasil Moreira da Rocha, Rosana; Bastos Zanata, Thais; Moreno, Tatiane Regina Keys for the identification of families and genera of Atlantic shallow water ascidians Biota Neotropica, vol. 12, núm. 1, enero-marzo, 2012, pp. 1-35 Instituto Virtual da Biodiversidade Campinas, Brasil Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=199123750022 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Keys for the identification of families and genera of Atlantic shallow water ascidians Rocha, R.M. et al. Biota Neotrop. 2012, 12(1): 000-000. On line version of this paper is available from: http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br/v12n1/en/abstract?identification-key+bn01712012012 A versão on-line completa deste artigo está disponível em: http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br/v12n1/pt/abstract?identification-key+bn01712012012 Received/ Recebido em 16/07/2011 - Revised/ Versão reformulada recebida em 13/03/2012 - Accepted/ Publicado em 14/03/2012 ISSN 1676-0603 (on-line) Biota Neotropica is an electronic, peer-reviewed journal edited by the Program BIOTA/FAPESP: The Virtual Institute of Biodiversity. This journal’s aim is to disseminate the results of original research work, associated or not to the program, concerned with characterization, conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity within the Neotropical region. Biota Neotropica é uma revista do Programa BIOTA/FAPESP - O Instituto Virtual da Biodiversidade, que publica resultados de pesquisa original, vinculada ou não ao programa, que abordem a temática caracterização, conservação e uso sustentável da biodiversidade na região Neotropical. -
The Evolutionary Pathways of Photoreceptors by Paul Nethercott
The Evolutionary Pathways Of Photoreceptors By Paul Nethercott August 2014 www.CreationismOnline.com www.wikipedia.com Evolution Of Photoreceptors And Eyes Sorted By Phyletic Group Phylum Meaning Common name Eyes Species Acanthocephala Thorny headed worms Thorny‐headed worms None 756 Acoelomorpha Without gut Acoels None 1 Annelida Little ring Segmented worms Ocelli, Compound Eyes 17,000 Arthropoda Jointed foot Arthropods Ocelli, Compound Eyes 1,134,000 Brachiopoda Arm foot Lamp shells None 400 Bryozoa Moss animals Moss animals, sea mats None 5,000 Chaetognatha Longhair jaw Arrow worms Compound Eyes 100 Chordata With a cord Chordates Single Lense 100,000 Cnidaria Stinging nettle Coelenterates Ocelli, Single Lense 11,000 Ctenophora Comb bearer Comb jellies None 100 Cycliophora Wheel carrying Symbion None 3 Echinodermata Spiny skin Echinoderms Ocelli 7,000 Entoprocta Inside anus Goblet worm Ocelli 150 Gastrotricha Hair stomach Meiofauna Ocelli 690 Gnathostomulida Jaw orifice Jaw worms None 100 Hemichordata Half cord Acorn worms None 100 Kinorhyncha Motion snout Mud dragons Ocelli 150 Loricifera Corset bearer Brush heads None 122 Micrognathozoa Tiny jaw animals — None 1 Mollusca Soft Mollusks Ocelli 112,000 Nematoda Thread like Round worms Ocelli 100,000 Nematomorpha Thread form Horsehair worms None 320 Nemertea A sea nymph Ribbon worms Ocelli 1,200 Onychophora Claw bearer Velvet worms Ocelli 200 Orthonectida Straight swim None 20 Phoronida Zeus's mistress Horseshoe worms None 11 Placozoa Plate animals None 1 Platyhelminthes Flat worms Flat -
Sulphur Oxidising Bacteria in Mangrove Ecosystem: a Review
Vol. 13(29), pp. 2897-2907, 16 July, 2014 DOI: 10.5897/AJB2013.13327 Article Number: D2A2A3546087 ISSN 1684-5315 African Journal of Biotechnology Copyright © 2014 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article http://www.academicjournals.org/AJB Review Sulphur oxidising bacteria in mangrove ecosystem: A review B. C. Behera1, R. R. Mishra2, S. K. Dutta3 and H. N. Thatoi4* 1Department of Biotechnology, North Odisha University, Baripada -757003, Odisha, India. 2Department of Biotechnology, MITS School of Biotechnology, Bhubaneswar-751024, Odisha, India. 3Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore - 560012, India. 4Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering and Technology, Biju Pattnaik University of Technology, Bhubaneswar -751003, Odisha, India. Received 29 September, 2013; Accepted 16 June, 2014 Mangrove soils are anoxic, sulphidic and variable since their chemistry is regulated by a variety of factors such as texture, tidal range and elevation, redox state, bioturbation intensity, forest type, temperature and rainfall. Sulphur-oxidizing bacteria such as photoautotrophs, chemolithotrophs and heterotrophs play an important role in the mangrove environment for the oxidation of the toxic sulphide produced by sulphur reducing bacteria and act as a key driving force behind all sulphur transformations in the mangrove ecosystem which is most essential to maintain the sulphur cycle as well as eco health. These overviews summarizes the current state of knowledge of diversity and important biotechnological contributions of these microorganisms in agriculture, bio fertility, reduction of environmental pollution, maintenance of the productivity of ecosystems and also highlight areas in which further research is needed to increase our basic understanding of physiology, genomics and proteomics of these microorganisms which is most essential. -
INDEX of TAXA
INDEX of TAXA INDEX of TAXA abjornseni, Fritillaria 226 altarium, Amaroucium 95 abjornseni, Polyandrocarpa 180 altarium, Aplidium 95 abjornseni, Polycarpa 180 Althoffia 232 abradata, Pyura 156, 164 Althoffia tumida 232 abranchiata, Styeloides 193 aluta, Stolonica 182 Abyssascidia vasculosa 127 Amaroucium 95 abyssorum, Megalocercus 232 Amaroucium aequalisiphonalis 116 acanthifera, Microcosmus 159 Amaroucium altarium 95 aciculus, Leptoclinides 50 Amaroucium anomalum 113 aclara, Ascidia 129 Amaroucium argus 101 acroporum, Aplidium 95 Amaroucium crateriferum 97 acuatum, Pseudodistoma 110 Amaroucium distomoides 79 aculeata, Ascidia 131 Amaroucium proliferum 95 aculeata, Cnemidocarpa 185 Amaroucium protectans 92 Adagnesia 124 Amaroucium ritteri 100 Adagnesia charcoti 124 Amaroucium rotundatum 120 Adagnesia opaca 124 amboinensis, Ritteriella 215 Adagnesia venusta 124 amboinensis, Salpa 215 aenigmatica, Ascidia 143 amiculum, Trididemnum 67 aequale, Ecteinascidia 139 amorphatum, Aplidium 96 aequalisiphonalis, Amaroucium 116 Amphicarpa 182 affinis, Ascidia 131 Amphicarpa elongata 183 affinis, Cyclosalpa 211 Amphicarpa meridiana 182 affinis, Salpa 211 Amphicarpa nodula 183 africana, Perophora 141 amphora, Cnemidocarpa 185 africana, Salpa 216 amplexa, Clavelina 24 agglutinans, Microcosmus 162 amplum, Eudistoma 87 aggregata, Cynthia 182 amplus, Polycitor 87 agitata, Metandrocarpa 179 ampulloides, Molgula 151 agnata, Stolonica 182 amygala, Fritillaria 226 Agnesia 124 Anadistoma 110 Agnesia capensis 124 Anadistoma attenuatum 110 Agnesia glaciata 122, -
Evolutionary History of Nickel-Dependent Enzymes
Evolutionary History of Nickel-Dependent Enzymes: Implications for the Origins of Life. Reem Hallak Degree project in biology, Master of science (2 years), 2020 Examensarbete i biologi 60 hp till masterexamen, 2020 Biology Education Centre and Department of Earth Sciences, Palaeobiology, Uppsala University Supervisors: Aodhán Butler and Anna Neubeck External opponent: Brenda Irene Medina Jimenez Table of Contents ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................................................. 5 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................................... 6 METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................................................... 11 ▪ Brief Summary .................................................................................................................................................... 11 ▪ Operating Principle of HMMER ................................................................................................................. 11 ▪ Detailed Summary - Collecting Query Sequences ............................................................................ 13 a. From Published Study: ............................................................................................................................... 13 b. From Databases:.......................................................................................................................................... -
Host-Microbe Interactions in Octocoral Holobionts - Recent Advances and Perspectives Jeroen A
van de Water et al. Microbiome (2018) 6:64 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40168-018-0431-6 REVIEW Open Access Host-microbe interactions in octocoral holobionts - recent advances and perspectives Jeroen A. J. M. van de Water* , Denis Allemand and Christine Ferrier-Pagès Abstract Octocorals are one of the most ubiquitous benthic organisms in marine ecosystems from the shallow tropics to the Antarctic deep sea, providing habitat for numerous organisms as well as ecosystem services for humans. In contrast to the holobionts of reef-building scleractinian corals, the holobionts of octocorals have received relatively little attention, despite the devastating effects of disease outbreaks on many populations. Recent advances have shown that octocorals possess remarkably stable bacterial communities on geographical and temporal scales as well as under environmental stress. This may be the result of their high capacity to regulate their microbiome through the production of antimicrobial and quorum-sensing interfering compounds. Despite decades of research relating to octocoral-microbe interactions, a synthesis of this expanding field has not been conducted to date. We therefore provide an urgently needed review on our current knowledge about octocoral holobionts. Specifically, we briefly introduce the ecological role of octocorals and the concept of holobiont before providing detailed overviews of (I) the symbiosis between octocorals and the algal symbiont Symbiodinium; (II) the main fungal, viral, and bacterial taxa associated with octocorals; (III) the dominance of the microbial assemblages by a few microbial species, the stability of these associations, and their evolutionary history with the host organism; (IV) octocoral diseases; (V) how octocorals use their immune system to fight pathogens; (VI) microbiome regulation by the octocoral and its associated microbes; and (VII) the discovery of natural products with microbiome regulatory activities. -
Phylogenomic Methods Assessing the Root of Bilaterian Animals with Scalable
Downloaded from rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org on 10 November 2009 Assessing the root of bilaterian animals with scalable phylogenomic methods Andreas Hejnol, Matthias Obst, Alexandros Stamatakis, Michael Ott, Greg W. Rouse, Gregory D. Edgecombe, Pedro Martinez, Jaume Baguñà, Xavier Bailly, Ulf Jondelius, Matthias Wiens, Werner E. G. Müller, Elaine Seaver, Ward C. Wheeler, Mark Q. Martindale, Gonzalo Giribet and Casey W. Dunn Proc. R. Soc. B 2009 276, 4261-4270 first published online 16 September 2009 doi: 10.1098/rspb.2009.0896 Supplementary data "Data Supplement" http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/suppl/2009/09/15/rspb.2009.0896.DC1.h tml References This article cites 40 articles, 6 of which can be accessed free http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/276/1677/4261.full.html#ref-list-1 Subject collections Articles on similar topics can be found in the following collections taxonomy and systematics (160 articles) bioinformatics (66 articles) evolution (1169 articles) Receive free email alerts when new articles cite this article - sign up in the box at the top Email alerting service right-hand corner of the article or click here To subscribe to Proc. R. Soc. B go to: http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/subscriptions This journal is © 2009 The Royal Society Downloaded from rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org on 10 November 2009 Proc. R. Soc. B (2009) 276, 4261–4270 doi:10.1098/rspb.2009.0896 Published online 16 September 2009 Assessing the root of bilaterian animals with scalable phylogenomic methods Andreas Hejnol1,*, Matthias Obst2, Alexandros Stamatakis3, Michael Ott3,GregW.Rouse4, Gregory D. Edgecombe5, Pedro Martinez6, Jaume Bagun˜ a` 6, Xavier Bailly7, Ulf Jondelius8, Matthias Wiens9, Werner E. -
Animal Phylogeny and the Ancestry of Bilaterians: Inferences from Morphology and 18S Rdna Gene Sequences
EVOLUTION & DEVELOPMENT 3:3, 170–205 (2001) Animal phylogeny and the ancestry of bilaterians: inferences from morphology and 18S rDNA gene sequences Kevin J. Peterson and Douglas J. Eernisse* Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover NH 03755, USA; and *Department of Biological Science, California State University, Fullerton CA 92834-6850, USA *Author for correspondence (email: [email protected]) SUMMARY Insight into the origin and early evolution of the and protostomes, with ctenophores the bilaterian sister- animal phyla requires an understanding of how animal group, whereas 18S rDNA suggests that the root is within the groups are related to one another. Thus, we set out to explore Lophotrochozoa with acoel flatworms and gnathostomulids animal phylogeny by analyzing with maximum parsimony 138 as basal bilaterians, and with cnidarians the bilaterian sister- morphological characters from 40 metazoan groups, and 304 group. We suggest that this basal position of acoels and gna- 18S rDNA sequences, both separately and together. Both thostomulids is artifactal because for 1000 replicate phyloge- types of data agree that arthropods are not closely related to netic analyses with one random sequence as outgroup, the annelids: the former group with nematodes and other molting majority root with an acoel flatworm or gnathostomulid as the animals (Ecdysozoa), and the latter group with molluscs and basal ingroup lineage. When these problematic taxa are elim- other taxa with spiral cleavage. Furthermore, neither brachi- inated from the matrix, the combined analysis suggests that opods nor chaetognaths group with deuterostomes; brachiopods the root lies between the deuterostomes and protostomes, are allied with the molluscs and annelids (Lophotrochozoa), and Ctenophora is the bilaterian sister-group. -
Describing Species
DESCRIBING SPECIES Practical Taxonomic Procedure for Biologists Judith E. Winston COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY PRESS NEW YORK Columbia University Press Publishers Since 1893 New York Chichester, West Sussex Copyright © 1999 Columbia University Press All rights reserved Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data © Winston, Judith E. Describing species : practical taxonomic procedure for biologists / Judith E. Winston, p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-231-06824-7 (alk. paper)—0-231-06825-5 (pbk.: alk. paper) 1. Biology—Classification. 2. Species. I. Title. QH83.W57 1999 570'.1'2—dc21 99-14019 Casebound editions of Columbia University Press books are printed on permanent and durable acid-free paper. Printed in the United States of America c 10 98765432 p 10 98765432 The Far Side by Gary Larson "I'm one of those species they describe as 'awkward on land." Gary Larson cartoon celebrates species description, an important and still unfinished aspect of taxonomy. THE FAR SIDE © 1988 FARWORKS, INC. Used by permission. All rights reserved. Universal Press Syndicate DESCRIBING SPECIES For my daughter, Eliza, who has grown up (andput up) with this book Contents List of Illustrations xiii List of Tables xvii Preface xix Part One: Introduction 1 CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 3 Describing the Living World 3 Why Is Species Description Necessary? 4 How New Species Are Described 8 Scope and Organization of This Book 12 The Pleasures of Systematics 14 Sources CHAPTER 2. BIOLOGICAL NOMENCLATURE 19 Humans as Taxonomists 19 Biological Nomenclature 21 Folk Taxonomy 23 Binomial Nomenclature 25 Development of Codes of Nomenclature 26 The Current Codes of Nomenclature 50 Future of the Codes 36 Sources 39 Part Two: Recognizing Species 41 CHAPTER 3. -
Ultrastructural Studies on the Blue-Green Algal Symbiont in Korschikoff
ULTRASTRUCTURAL STUDIES ON THE BLUE-GREEN ALGAL SYMBIONT IN CYANOPHORA PARADOXA KORSCHIKOFF WILLIAM T. HALL, Ph.D., and GEORGE CLAUS, D.Se. From The Rockefeller Institute and New York University Medical Center, New York ABSTRACT Studies conducted on the ultrastructurc of Cyanophoraparadoxa Korschikoff (a cryptomonad) have shown that its intracellular symbiont is closely related to unicellular blue-green algae. Due to its peculiar habitat, the intracellular symbiont lacks the characteristic cyanophyccan double-layered cell wall, but is surrounded by a thin protoplasmic membrane. The proto- plasm itself is differentiated into a lamellated chromatoplasm containing photosynthetic pigments, polyphosphate granules, and possible oil droplets, and a non-lamellar centro- plasm with a large centrally located electron-opaque body surrounded by a fibril-containing halo. 2-his halo-central body complex may be nuclear in nature. Binary fission of the or- ganism is described. Since this cyanelle has not yet been classified, we name it Cyano- cyta korschikofftana nov. gen. nov. sp.; and because of its structural peculiarities, we find it necessary to create a new family for it, Cyanocytaceae, in the order Chroococcales. INTRODUCTION With the term "Syncyanosen," Pascher (1914) that organism found within the flagellate Cyano- described the general phenomenon of a blue-green phora paradoxa Korschikoff (Fig. 1). Although this alga living symbiotically with a colorless protist. intracellular symbiont is one of the most In his paper, he reported cases in which the cyano- thoroughly studied of the cyanelles ("Cyanellen"-- phyte was attached on the external surface of the Pascher, 1929), its nature still remains a paradox. host organism. In 1924, Korschikoff published a Investigators since Korschikoff point out the great description of a flagellate containing in its proto- similarity of the organism to blue-green algae.