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BAB 1 PENDAHULUAN 1.1 Latar Belakang Diplomasi Bisa BAB 1 PENDAHULUAN 1.1 Latar Belakang Diplomasi bisa dijalankan melalui berbagai macam cara, salah satunya melalui olahraga. Dalam ranah Hubungan Internasional, olahraga tidak hanya dianggap sebagai olahraga, melainkan memiliki peran lain yang tidak kalah pentingnya sebagai sarana antar negara untuk berdiplomasi dan juga melakukan kerjasama baik bilateral maupun multilateral untuk mencapai kepentingannya.1 Pencak Silat merupakan olahraga, seni, dan juga kebudayaan yang berasal dari kawasan melayu termasuk Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei Darussalam, Singapura, dan Thailand.2 Indonesia melihat Pencak Silat bisa menjadi bagian dari politik luar negerinya dengan membuat hubungan kerja sama antar negara dalam bidang keolahragaan dengan berbagai negara sahabat, baik melalui perjanjian maupun Nota Kesepahaman. Selain menggunakan Pencak Silat sebagai peluang kerja sama dibidang olahraga secara Internasional, juga turut bisa mengangkat prestasi nasional dan turut mengenalkan seni bela diri tradisional Pencak Silat.3 Kajian terhadap sejarah Pencak Silat banyak yang mengatakan bahwa olahraga tersebut berasal dari daerah kawasan melayu. Kawasan melayu bisa dikatakan sangat luas yakni 1 Publik, D. D. (2013). Olah raga dalam dimensi politik luar negeri indonesia. Jakarta: Kemlu. http://www.tabloiddiplomasi.org/olah-raga-dalam-dimensi-politik-luar-negeri-indonesia/ (10/8/2019.10:15WIB) 2 Sutantri, S. C. (2018). DIPLOMASI KEBUDAYAAN INDONESIA DALAM PROSES PENGUSULAN PENCAK SILAT SEBAGAI WARISAN BUDAYA TAKBENDA UNESCO. Jurnal Ilmu Politik dan Komunikasi. Hal : 29 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/334170327_Diplomasi_Kebudayaan_Indonesia_dalam_Proses_Pengu sulan_Pencak_Silat_sebagai_Warisan_Budaya_Takbenda_UNESCO (10/8/2019.10:30WIB) 3 Publik. Op. Cit. 1 termasuk Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei Darussalam, Singapura, dan Thailand.4 Pencak Silat tidak hanya terdapat di Indonesia saja melainkan pada negara-negara lain dengan ragam yang bermacam-macam. Di Malaysia disebut sebagai “Bersilat”, Lalu di Brunei dan Fillipina disebut “Silat”.5 Pencak Silat pertama kali dipertandingkan pada event olahraga antar negara yaitu pada SEA Games pada Tahun 1987 yang bertepatan diselenggarakan di Jakarta Indonesia. Indonesia melalui PERSILAT dan Eddie Mardjoeki Nalapraya berhasil menginisiasi dengan mengupayakan6 Pencak Silat agar dipertandingkan sebagai cabang olahraga untuk pertama kali pada kompetisi olahraga antar negara pada tingkat regional Asia Tenggara.7 Selain menjadi tuan rumah dan menginisiasi Pencak Silat untuk dipertandingkan sebagai cabang olahraga pada SEA Games 1987, cabang olahraga Pencak Silat pada saat itu diikuti oleh lima negara yaitu; Malaysia, Singapura, Brunai Darusalam, Thailand, dan Indonesia. Selain hal tersebut, Indonesia juga menjadi juara umum pada event olahraga SEA Games ke-14 tersebut pada tahun 1987.8 Tahun 1992 Indonesia melalui PERSILAT (Persekutuan Pencak Silat antara Bangsa) mengadakan untuk pertama kalinya (World Championship) Kejuaraan Dunia Pencak Silat yang pada saat itu dilaksanakan di Jakarta dan memiliki sekitar 20 negara peserta.9 Kejuaraan Dunia Pencak Silat diadakan setiap dua tahun sekali, dan diselenggarakan tidak hanya pada wilayah 4 Irsyadi, A. (2018). Upaya-upaya Diplomasi Budaya Indonesia Melalui Pencak Silat di Belanda Untuk Mempererat Hubungan Kedua Negara. Bandung: Universitas Katolik Parahyangan. Hal : 1 http://repository.unpar.ac.id/bitstream/handle/123456789/6370/Cover%20-Bab1-3313165sc- p.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y (10/8/2019.11:30WIB) 5 Ibid. Hal : 2 6 Firdausi, F. A. (2018). Awal Mula Pencak Silat Mengglobal. Jakarta: Tirto.id. https://tirto.id/awal-mula- pencak-silat-mengglobal-cVAP (21/3/2020.21:10WIB) 7 Indonesia.go.id. (2018). Pencak Silat, Go International! Jakarta: Indonesia.go.id. https://indonesia.go.id/ragam/seni/kebudayaan/pencak-silat-go-international (10/8/2019.11:40WIB) 8 Nurmansyah, R. (2019). Rekam Jejak Prestasi Indonesia di SEA Games: 10 Kali Juara Umum. Jakarta: Suara.com. https://www.suara.com/sport/2019/11/26/071000/rekam-jejak-prestasi-indonesia-di-sea-games-10- kali-juara-umum (10/8/2019.11:50WIB) 9 Nugroho, A. (2009). SEJARAH PERKEMBANGAN PENCAK SILAT MENUJU ASEAN BEACH GAMES. Jurnal Olahraga Prestasi (JORPRES), Vol. 5. Hal : 8 https://eprints.uny.ac.id/967/ (10/8/2019.12:00WIB) 2 Indonesia saja melainkan diberbagai negara. Malaysia, Singapura, Thailand, Bahkan Kejuaraan Dunia Pencak Silat pernah diselenggarakan di Eropa seperti yang terjadi pada tahun 1986 di Austria dan 1990 di Belanda.10 Dengan seiring perkembangan waktu Pencak Silat menjadi tidak hanya sebagai cabang olahraga yang diperlombakan. Indonesia pada mulai melihat Pencak Silat juga bisa dipergunakan untuk mengeratkan hubungan diplomatik. Diadakannya kejuaraan Pencak Silat dikawasan Asia Tengah oleh KBRI Tashkent yang diikuti oleh Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan dan Uzbekistan ini memiliki tujuan untuk . mendekatkan hubungan antar personal dan juga sebagian dari Soft Diplomacy Indonesia.11 Tahun 2014 ditulislah siaran pers No. 18/Kom-Publik/Kemenpora/6/2014 perihal rekomendasi dan dukungan Menteri Pemuda dan Olahraga (Menpora) RI 2014 untuk mendorong dilaksanakannya berbagai upaya agar Pencak Silat bisa dilombakan pada Olimpiade Dunia dan mendapat pengakuan atas kepemilikan Pencak Silat oleh UNESCO bisa terpenuhi.12 Tercatat pada tahun 2017 Indonesia mendaftarkan Pencak Silat ke UNESCO untuk mendapatkan pengakuan atas kepemilikan terhadap Pencak silat.13 Akan tetapi, hal serupa nampak terjadi pada negara yang juga menjadi bagian dari asal-usul Pencak Silat. Pada maret tahun 2018 Malaysia juga mengusulkan untuk mendapat pengakuan kepada UNESCO. Dengan adanya pengusulan atas hak kepemilikan Pencak Silat dari Indonesia maupun Malaysia ini 10 Nugroho, A. (2007). KETERAMPILAN DASAR PENCAK SILAT MATERI SEJARAH PERKEMBANGAN PENCAK SILAT GO INTERNASIONAL. Hal : 10 https://id.scribd.com/document/385942088/Ketramp-Dsr-Pencak-Silat-Materi-Sejarah-Perkemb-PS-Go-Int-l- doc (10/8/2019.13:00WIB) 11 Tashkent, K. (2019). Kejuaraan Pencak Silat "Central Asia Pencak Silat Beach Championship" digelar di Cholpon-Ata, Kyrgyzstan. Jakarta: Kemlu RI. https://kemlu.go.id/portal/id/read/486/view/kejuaraan-pencak- silat-central-asia-pencak-silat-beach-championship-digelar-di-cholpon-ata-kyrgyzstan (10/8/2019.14:00WIB) 12 Broto, G. S. (2014). Siaran Pers No. 18/Kom-Publik/Kemenpora/6/2014: Obsesi Menpora Roy Suryo Terhadap Pengakuan UNESCO Atas Pencak Silat. Jakarta: Kemenpora RI. http://kemenpora.go.id/index/preview/konferensi/45 (10/8/2019.14:10WIB) 13 Pujianto, R. (2018). Status Pencak Silat masih Tunggu Proses Unesco. Jakarta: Media Indonesia. https://mediaindonesia.com/read/detail/183383-status-pencak-silat-masih-tunggu-proses-unesco (10/8/2019.14:30WIB) 3 menambah polemik antara kedua negara ini.14 Sebelumnya juga banyak polemik perebutan hak milik atas kebudayaan Indonesia yang juga di kalim oleh Malaysia yaitu : Reog Ponorogo pada tahun 2007, Lagu Daerah Rasa Sayange asal Maluku pada tahun 2008, Tari Pendet dari Bali pada tahun 2009, Batik pada tahun 2009, Angklung pada tahun 2010.15 Asian Games 2018 menjadi momen penting bagi Indonesia, Indonesia ditunjuk sebagai tuan rumah pada ajang olahraga terbesar yang berada pada kawasan Asia tersebut menggantikan Vietnam yang seharusnya menjadi tuan rumah Asian Games 2018.16 Setiap tuan rumah penyelenggara Asian Games diberikan hak untuk menambahkan cabang olahraga asli milik negaranya. Dengan terpilihnya Indonesia menjadikan peluang emas untuk mengenalkan Pencak Silat pada seluruh negara yang menjadi peserta Asian Games bahwa Pencak Silat merupakan olahraga asli Indonesia. Tidak hanya itu, dengan dilombakan pada ajang Asian Games 2018 juga bisa menjadikan peluang besar Indonesia dalam strateginya untuk mendapatkan pengakuan dari dunia terhadap Pencak Silat agar bisa dilombakan pada Olimpiade Dunia.17 Imam Nahrowi berupaya memasukkan Pencak Silat agar bisa menjadi cabang olahraga yang dilombakan dalam Asian Games 2018 dan Imam Nahrowi juga ingin pencak silat menjadi branding nasional dan mendunia.18 Keberhasilan dengan disetujuinya Pencak Silat menjadi cabang olahraga yang dilombakan pada Asian Games 2018 menandakan bahwa upaya Indonesia untuk mencapai 14 Dewi, A. K. (2018). Rebutan Klaim Pencak Silat, Punya Indonesia atau Malaysia? Jakarta: indosport.com. https://www.indosport.com/pencak-silat/20180916/rebutan-klaim-pencak-silat-punya-indonesia-atau- malaysia/sejarah-singkat-pencak-silat-di-indonesia (10/8/2019.15:00WIB) 15 Sutantri, S. C. (2018). DIPLOMASI KEBUDAYAAN INDONESIA DALAM PROSES PENGUSULAN PENCAK SILAT SEBAGAI WARISAN BUDAYA TAKBENDA UNESCO. Jurnal Ilmu Politik dan Komunikasi. Hal : 30 https://jipsi.fisip.unikom.ac.id/jurnal/diplomasi-kebudayaan.52 (10/8/2019.15:30WIB) 16 Hasjanah, K. (2018). Bukan Indonesia, Negara Ini yang Seharusnya Jadi Tuan Rumah Asian Games 2018. Jakarta: Tribun Jakarta.Com. https://jakarta.tribunnews.com/2018/08/20/bukan-indonesia-negara-ini-yang- seharusnya-jadi-tuan-rumah-asian-games-2018 (10/8/2019.16:00WIB) 17 Thomas. (2018). Mengenal Cabor Baru di Asian Games 2018: Pencak Silat. Jakarta: Liputan6.com. https://www.liputan6.com/asian-games/read/3549863/mengenal-cabor-baru-di-asian-games-2018-pencak-silat (10/8/2019.16:30WIB) 18 Fauzi, I. (2018). Menpora ingin pencak silat jadi branding nasional dan mendunia. Jakarta: Merdeka.com. https://www.merdeka.com/peristiwa/menpora-ingin-pencak-silat-jadi-branding-nasional-dan-mendunia.html (10/8/2019.17:20WIB) 4 kepentingan nasionalnya berhasil. Tim Pencak Silat Indonesia menjadi cabang olaharaga
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