Drink Or Drunk

NDLERF Interventions for reducing alcohol supply, alcohol demand and alcohol-related harm Final Report A/Prof Peter Miller, Ashlee Curtis, Prof Tanya Chikritzhs and Prof John Toumbourou Monograph Series No. 57 Funded by the National Drug Law Enforcement Research Fund An Initiative of the National Drug Strategy Interventions for reducing alcohol supply, alcohol demand and alcohol- related harm Final Report A/Prof Peter Miller Ashlee Curtis Prof Tanya Chikritzhs Prof John Toumbourou Funded by the National Drug Law Enforcement Research Fund, an initiative of the National Drug Strategy Produced by the National Drug Law Enforcement Research Fund (NDLERF) GPO Box 2944, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601 © Commonwealth of Australia 2015 ISSN: 1449-7476 This work is copyright. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced by any process without prior written permission from the Commonwealth available from the National Drug Law Enforcement Research Fund. Requests and enquiries concerning reproduction and rights should be addressed to the National Drug Law Enforcement Research Fund, GPO Box 2944, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601. Opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of the National Drug Law Enforcement Research Fund (NDLERF) Board of Management or the Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing. The research on which this report is based was funded by the National Drug Law Enforcement Research Fund, an initiative of the National Drug Strategy. v Contents Acknowledgements ...................................................................................................................................vii Intervention index .....................................................................................................................................viii 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 3 1.1 Reducing supply ..................................................................................................................................... 4 1.2. Reducing demand ................................................................................................................................. 4 1.3. Harm reduction strategies ...................................................................................................................... 5 1.4. A theoretical framework ......................................................................................................................... 5 1.5. Summary and conclusion ...................................................................................................................... 6 2. Studies .................................................................................................................................................... 7 2.1. Systematic literature review ................................................................................................................... 7 2.2. Delphi .................................................................................................................................................... 7 2.3. Delphi round one ................................................................................................................................... 7 2.4. Delphi round two .................................................................................................................................. 8 2.5. Delphi round three ............................................................................................................................... 10 3. Interventions ......................................................................................................................................... 14 4. Synthesis and summary ....................................................................................................................... 68 4.1. Evidence Rating System ...................................................................................................................... 68 4.2. Reducing supply .................................................................................................................................. 68 4.3. Reducing demand ............................................................................................................................... 69 4.4. Reducing harm .................................................................................................................................... 69 4.5. Limitations ........................................................................................................................................... 70 4.6. Mandatory versus voluntary interventions ............................................................................................ 71 4.7. Enforcement ........................................................................................................................................ 71 4.8 Cost-effectivenessness ......................................................................................................................... 72 4.9 Conclusions .......................................................................................................................................... 72 5. Recommendations ............................................................................................................................... 79 5.1 Australian Government Responses ....................................................................................................... 79 5.2 State Government Policy ...................................................................................................................... 82 5.3 Further research ................................................................................................................................... 84 5.4 Further matters for consideration .......................................................................................................... 84 6. References ............................................................................................................................................ 87 7. Appendix A ........................................................................................................................................... 97 Contents vi 7.1 Community Approach ........................................................................................................................... 97 7.2 Reducing harm ..................................................................................................................................... 97 7.3 Education ............................................................................................................................................. 98 8. Appendix B ......................................................................................................................................... 100 Tables Table 1: Delphi responses on supply reduction measures ............................................................................... 8 Table 2: Delphi responses on demand reduction measures ............................................................................. 9 Table 3: Delphi round three responses on measures ..................................................................................... 10 Table 4 Delphi responses on harm reduction measures ................................................................................ 12 Table 5: Associations between number of patrons/crowdedness and patron aggression .............................. 63 Table 6: Evidence and effectiveness rating system ........................................................................................ 68 Table 7: Summary table of interventions to reduce supply of alcohol effectiveness ratings �� 73 Table 8: Summary table of interventions to reduce demand of alcohol effectiveness ratings �� 74 Table 9: Summary table of interventions to reduce alcohol-related harm with effectiveness ratings �� 75 Figure Figure 1: The ecological framework ................................................................................................................ 5 Boxes Box 1: Stockholm prevents alcohol and drug use (Wallin et al., 2005b). ........................................................ 26 Box 2: The Strengthening Families Program for young adolescents (Bowes et al., 2012) .............................. 34 Box 3: Reducing access to alcohol for young people under age 18 program ................................................ 47 Box 4: The Living With Alcohol Program ....................................................................................................... 50 Box 5: Main themes of the Safer Bars training program (Graham et al., 2004) .............................................. 57 Interventions for reducing alcohol supply, alcohol demand and alcohol-related harm Final Report vii Acknowledgements We are grateful to co-investigator, Professor Steve Allsop, for his comments on final drafts and overall guidance on the project. Special thanks to Detective Superintendent James Migro, Dr Maria Borzycki, Debra Salter, Inspector Steve Munro, Inspector William Graham, Sergeant Wayne Buck, Leading Senior Constable Bob Pupavac, Mr Barry Newell,

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