DEC 1 2016 Environmental Analysis Branch Planning Division New York District U.S
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
.. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE GREATER ATLANTIC REGIONAL FISHERIES OFFICE 55 Great Republic Drive Gloucester, MA 01930-2276 Peter Weppler, Chief DEC 1 2016 Environmental Analysis Branch Planning Division New York District U.S. Army Corps of Engineers 26 Federal Plaza New York, NY 10278-0900 RE: Atlantic Coast ofNew York, East Rockaway Inlet to Rockaway Inlet, and Jamaica Bay Reformulation Study Dear Mr. Weppler: We have reviewed the integrated Draft Hurricane Sandy General Reevaluation Report and Draft Environmental Impact Statement (DHSGRRIDEIS) and the Essential Fish Habitat (EFH) assessment, both dated August 2016, for the East Rockaway Inlet to Rockaway Inlet and Jamaica Bay Reformulation Study. The project area consists ofthe Atlantic coast of New York City between East Rockaway Inlet and Rockaway Inlet, and the water and lands within and surrounding Jamaica Bay, including the Coney Island section of Brooklyn. The Tentatively Selected Plan (TSP) described in the DHSGRRIDEIS includes reinforced dune and berm construction, in conjunction with new groins and the modification of existing groins, in select locations along the Atlantic Ocean shoreline; a line of protection along Jamaica Bay and Rockaway Inlet with a storm surge barrier at one of two identified potential alignments; flood gates at Sheepshead Bay and Gerritsen Inlet; and residual risk features in locations surrounding Jamaica Bay, of which five of the identified 26 locations currently have available detail. The beach nourishment portion of the project will require approximately 804,000 cy of material for the initial placement, with a four year renourishment cycle of approximately 1,012,000 cy. The material will be dredged from an 1,830 acre offshore borrow area, two miles south of Long Island, NY and six miles east of Rockaway Inlet. The Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act (FWCA) and the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act (MSA) require federal agencies to consult with us on projects such as this that may adversely affect EFH and other aquatic resources. This process is guided by the requirements of our EFH regulation at 50 CFR 600.905, which mandates the preparation of EFH assessments, lists the required contents of EFH assessments, and generally outlines each agency's obligations in this consultation procedure. ,. Aquatic Resources Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act Rockaway Inlet provides access to Jamaica Bay and its tributaries for many aquatic species including both state and federally managed species and their forage, such as American lobster (Homarus americanus), Atlantic butterfish (Peprilus triacanthus), Atlantic croaker (Micropogonias undulatus), Atlantic menhaden (Brevoortia tyrannus), Atlantic sea herring (Clupea harengus), Atlantic silverside (Menidia menidia), bay anchovy (Anchoa mitchilli), black sea bass (Centropristis striata), bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix), killifish (Fundulus spp.), little skate (Leucoraja erinacea), red hake (Urophycis chuss), scup (Stenotomus chrysops), spot (Leiostomus xanthurus), striped bass (Marone saxatilis), summer flounder (Paralichthys dentatus), tautog (Tautoga onitis), weakfish (Cyanoscion regalis), windowpane flounder (Scophthalmus aquosus), winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus), winter skate (Leucoraja ocellata), and other assorted baitfishes and shrimps (e.g., Neomysis americana, Mysidopsis bigelowi). Diadromous Fishes Anadromous species such as alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus), blueback herring (Alosa aestivalis), American shad (Alosa sapidissima), and striped bass transit the inlet of the project area to reach spawning and nursery habitat in the freshwater portions of the system. Alewife and blueback herring, collectively known as river herring, spend most of their adult life at sea, but return to freshwater areas to spawn in the spring. Both species are believed to be repeat spawners, generally returning to their natal rivers (Collette and Klein-MacPhee 2002). In the Mid-Atlantic, landings have declined dramatically since the mid-1960s and have remained very low in recent years (ASMFC 2007). Because landing statistics and the number offish observed on annual spawning runs indicate a drastic decline in alewife and blueback herring populations throughout much of their range since the mid-1960s, river herring have been designated as a Species of Concern by NOAA. Species of Concern are those species about which we have concerns regarding status and threats, but for which insufficient information is available to indicate a need to list the species under the Endangered Species Act. We wish to draw proactive attention and conservation action to these species. Catadromous American eel (Anguilla rostrata) spawn in the Sargasso Sea, transit inlets as elvers and move into estuarine and freshwater habitats within coastal embayments. They inhabit these areas until they return to the sea through those inlets as adults. According to the 2012 benchmark stock assessment, the American eel population is depleted in U.S. waters. The stock is at or near historically low levels due to a combination of historical overfishing, habitat loss, food web alterations, predation, turbine mortality, environmental changes, toxins and contaminants, and disease (ASMFC 2012). Shellfish Shellfish occur in the nearshore portion of the project area such as hard clam (Mercenaria mercenaria), soft shell clam (Mya arenaria), blue mussel (Mytilus edulis), oyster (Crassostrea virginica), blue crab (Callinectes sapidus), and horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus). Surf clam (Spisula solidissima), razor clam (Ensis directus), and tellin (Tellina agillis) occur in the vicinity 2 .. of the offshore borrow area. However, surveys conducted by the USACE in 2003 and by the NYSDEC in 2012 indicate that the borrow area itself contains very small, to no, localized populations of surf clam. It is the intent of the US ACE to conduct another survey in the borrow area prior to the utilization of the borrow area and to notify NMFS prior to commencement of each dredging event, prior to the solicitation of bids, to ensure that our EFH conservation recommendations remain valid and that impacts to surf clams are minimized. Coen and Grizzle (2007) discuss the ecological value of shellfish habitat to a variety of managed species (e.g. American lobster, American eel, and winter flounder) and have suggested its designation as EFH for federally managed species. Clams are a prey species for a number of federally managed fish including skates, bluefish, summer flounder and windowpane; siphons of hard clams provide a food source for winter flounder and scup (Steimle et al. 2000). Infaunal species such as clams filter significant volumes of water, effectively retaining organic nutrients from the water column (Nakamura and Kerciku 2000; Forster and Zettler 2004). Blue mussels and oysters are found along shorelines attached to hard substrates, are an important food resource for fish and birds, and as filter feeders improve water quality (Bain et al. 2007, Waldman 2008). Reef forming species such as blue mussels and oysters support an increased diversity of finfish and invertebrates, cycle material between the water column and substrate and have the potential to enhance water quality (Dewey 2000; Nakamura and Kerciku 2000; Coen and Grizzle 2007; McDermott et. al. 2008). Further, blue mussels are an important prey item for many animals in the Mid-Atlantic region (Newell 1989). Steimle et al (2000) reported that blue mussel spat were components of the diets of winter flounder, scup, black sea bass and tautog. Although no known oyster reefs exist in the project area presently, scattered live oysters can be found in certain areas, indicating the presence of isolated populations. New York City Department of Environmental Protection, in collaboration with Cornell University's Cooperative Extension Service, constructed pilot oyster reef sites in Jamaica Bay in late 2010 by establishing a spat-on shell reef at Dubos Point and placing spat-covered reef balls in Gerritsen Creek. Both sites were monitored through 2012 and exhibited healthy oyster growth and survival, as well as a high degree of utilization by natant macrofauna (USACE 20 16). Jamaica Bay and Rockaway Inlet provide spawning, nursery, foraging, and overwintering habitat for blue crabs, which are commonly found in subtidal bottom and oyster reef habitats and are important food resources for predatory fish and birds (Bain et al. 2007, Waldman 2008). The blue crab winter dredge fishery in New York is concentrated in the lower portion ofNew York Harbor, including Rockaway Inlet (Briggs 1998). Horseshoe crabs use multiple habitats along the shoreline of the project area, including subtidal bottoms, intertidal mudflats, and sandy beaches. They are a key food resource for a variety of estuarine organisms, and their eggs provide food for migrating red knots, a federally endangered bird (Botton et al. 2006). Magnuson Stevens Fisheries Management and Conservation Act (MSA) The project area has been designated as EFH for a number of federally managed species including Atlantic butterfish, Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), Atlantic sea herring, black sea bass, bluefish, cobia (Rachycentron canadum), king mackerel (Scomberomorus caval/a), little skate, long-finned squid (Loligo pealei), monkfish (Lophius americanus), pollock (Pollachius virens), 3 .· red hake, scup, Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus maculates), summer flounder,