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Report of Archaeological Desktop & Walkover

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Report of Archaeological Desktop & Walkover Report of Archaeological Desktop & Walkover Survey Skelpick, Strathnaver, Sutherland, Highland. Centred NC 724/542 Client: McGlade Forestry By Stuart Farrell B.A A.I.F.A F.S.A.Scot. June 2013 Contents 1. Introduction 2. Acknowledgements 3. Objectives 4. Survey Results 5. Conclusions 6. Archive 7. Discovery and Excavation 8. References Cover: View of burnt mound (site 1) facing NE. Non-Technical Summary Stuart Farrell was commissioned by McGlade Forestry in June 2013 to undertake an archaeological desktop and walkover survey for an area of proposed forestry at Skelpick, Strathnaver, Sutherland, Highland. Work revealed a number of unrecorded archaeological sites of clearance cairns, shielings, structures and sheepfold. A number of recommendations have been made in relation to the proposed scheme. 2 1. Introduction This report is for an archaeological desktop and walkover survey conducted for McGlade Forestry for an area of 55 hectares of proposed forestry at Skelpick, Strathnaver, Sutherland, Highland. The walkover survey was conducted on the 20th June 2013. 2. Acknowledgements I would like to thank the following for their help during the work: - Mr. John McGlade of McGlade Forestry; - Staff of the Highland Council Archives, Inverness. Stuart Farrell 39a Park Street Nairn Highland IV12 4PP 3 Figure 1 – Site Location. 1:50,000 Reproduced by permission of Ordnance Survey on behalf of HMSO. © Crown Copyright. All rights reserved. Licence no. 100041016. 4 Figure 2 – Site Location. © McGlade Forestry. 5 Figure 3 – 1st Edition ordnance Survey Map of 1878. Reproduced by permission of Ordnance Survey on behalf of HMSO. © Crown Copyright. All rights reserved. Licence no. 100041016. Figure 4 – 1st Edition ordnance Survey Map of 1906. Reproduced by permission of Ordnance Survey on behalf of HMSO. © Crown Copyright. All rights reserved. Licence no. 100041016. 6 Figure 5 –Location of Archaeological Sites 1:10,000. © McGlade Forestry. 7 3. Objectives To conduct a desktop and walkover survey to record any archaeological features to the area of proposed forestry. This survey to follow those guidelines as proposed by the Institute of Field Archaeologists (IFA, 1999); and those of the Forestry Commission (FC, 2011). 4. Archaeological Survey Desktop Results A desktop survey was conducted using the following sources: - Highland Council Historic Environment Records; - National Monuments Record of Scotland, Edinburgh; - National Library of Scotland, Edinburgh (Maps); - Local archives. The area of proposed forestry is of a total of 55 hectares situated to the east side of the River Naver above Loch Ma Naire with areas of grassland and some areas of boggy ground with the ground rising to 50m above sea-level rising to the centre of the scheme. Peat cuttings to West of Loch Ma Naire and modern burrow pit at NC 72435/54867. Map coverage was limited to the area of interest, as the 1 st edition OS of 1878 was almost the same as the 2 nd edition of 1904 with only one site being marked (see figures 3 and 4) and little survey work has been carried out in detail in the 20 th century, with the next edition being 1957. Early historical maps of the area do not provide enough detail for the area of forestry. An enquiry to the RCAHMS re Aerial photographs for the area of proposed forestry noted that the area had very limited coverage and what was available was too high to be of any use. No archaeological survey work has previously been conducted to the proposed area of forestry except very limited work by the Ordnance Survey in 1960, 1977 and 1979. The following archaeological sites were to be found in the proposed forestry area: HER – Highland Council Historic Environment Record NMRS - National Monuments Record of Scotland N/a – not available Recommendations are given after each site. 8 1 – Achargary HER – MHG 10957 NMRS – NC75SW 27 Grid Ref: NC 7229/5493 Type – Burnt Mound Noted in HER and NMRS of ‘At NC 7229 5493, above the west bank of a stream, is a crescentic burnt mound, the open end facing onto the stream. It measures 11.0m across the open end by 10.0m transversely by 1.0m high; rabbit burrowing reveals blackened earth and fragments of heat stained friable stone. Along the slopes just east of the mounds are occasional stony heaps of a type usually associated with hut circle field clearance. Surveyed at 1:10,000. Visited by OS 18 July 1977.’ Walkover reveals site to be at NC 72309/54930 on an east-facing slope above a stream with bank to West side 1m high and 1.5m wide, widening to NE, overlain with fence line on its south edge. Covered partly in bracken (see photo on cover). Only a few mounds closeby but no evidence for stone in them. Site to be excluded from scheme and 10m exclusion area put in place. 2 – Loch Ma Naire HER – MHG 10855 NMRS – NC75SW 6 Grid Ref: NC 7254/5399 Type – Cairnfield, Hut Circle Noted in HER and NMRS of ‘ NC 7254 5399. A circular enclosure 13.0m in diameter was discovered during field investigation. No entrance is apparent, thus it may be an old sheepfold. Visited by OS 5 May 1960. Levelled into the east flank of a spur is a tumbled and turf-covered enclosure, probably overlying a hut circle. It measures 12.0m in diameter within a wall about 1.4m wide and 1.0m maximum height in the NW. The wall forms a complete circuit; there is no entrance discernible. The absence of boulder facing stones and an entrance, the height of the wall in relation to the width, and the slight anguarity of the remains suggest that this enclosure is contemporary with the nearby early modern building foundations and associated rig-and- furrow. But the size, the wall width, the setting into the slope, and the proximity of about twenty scattered stone clearance heaps to the north may indicate a hut circle subsequently modified for a stock enclosure. Re-surveyed at 1:10,000. Visited by OS 30 January 1979.’ Walkover reveals site of circular enclosure at NC 72552/53983 c13m in diameter overall with walls up to 1m high and 0.8m wide (see plate 4) though very denuded in places, in a very sheltered spot so possibly a sheepfold rather than suggestion of it being a hut circle. On its E side at NC 72565/53984 are the remains of rectangular shieling 3m EW by 5.5m NS with no sign of entrance, denuded to SE by sheep track small CC to SE 2m in diameter by 0.2m high. There is no indication of this being a hut circle. (See site 8 for Cairnfield) Site to be excluded from scheme and 10m exclusion area put in place. 3 – Loch Ma Naire HER – MHG 18146 NMRS – NC75SW 77 Grid Ref: NC 726/539 Type – Farmstead Noted in HER and NMRS of ‘ This farmstead comprises four unroofed structures and two enclosures as depicted on the 1st edition of the OS 6-inch map (Sutherland 1878, sheet xxvii). Two enclosures are shown on the current edition of the OS 1:10,560 (1962).Information from RCAHMS 21 August 1995.’ 9 Walkover reveals site to be comprised of the following: A – Rectangular structure at NC 72586/53913 17m NE-SW by 7m with 2 nd compartment 3m x 16m with entrance to SE with walls 0.6m wide and up to 0.3m high probably a sheepfold. As shown on OS but track now runs to S of structure. B – Field Wall NC 72633/53885 to NC 72644/53894 lost by edge of burn heads NNW as shown on OS map. No trace of wall as shown on OS map of a rectangular shape though area very heavy with bracken. Sketch of structure c. C – Sheepfold at NC 72645/53994 aligned NS with walls to N 2m wide (possibly reusing earlier house?) 3m by 12m with 2 nd structure on W side 2m by 12m open to N with 2 nd structures 3m by 7.5m to S. Covered in bracken with walls up to 0.8m wide and 0.5m high. D – House at NC 72639/54014 3m by 7m with walls NE and S spread to 1.5m with Field Wall as W wall 2.6m high, possible entrance to E. Field Walls ends at NC 72625/54060 with a Clearance Cairn on its W edge at NC 72624/54057 2m in diameter and 0.2m high. Sites to be excluded from scheme and 10m exclusion area put in place. 4 – Loch Ma Naire HER – MHG 11110 NMRS – NC75SW 15 Grid Ref: NC 726/537 Type – Holy Well Noted in HER and NMRS of ‘A holy well in the vicinity of Loch ma Naire (Horsburgh 1870) (NC 726 537) had a place in the ceremonies associated with the healing properties which made the loch a resort of sick people from the neighbouring counties as late as the mid - 19th century. NSA (written by Rev D MacKenzie - 1834) 1845; J Horsburgh 1870; Name Book 1873. The holy well has not located during field investigation. Visited by OS 6 May 1960. No change to the previous field report. Visited by OS 19 July 1977.’ Walkover reveals no trace of site. No recommendations to be made. It should be noted that a Burnt Mound shown on Past Map and HER at NC 72608/54712 to the eastern edge of the scheme should be located to the East of the scheme at NC 72560/54716. The following additional sites were recorded during the walkover survey: 5 – Achargary HER – N/a NMRS – N/a 10 Grid Ref: NC 72327/54681 Type – Structure, Clearance Cairns Walkover reveals structure at NC 72327/54681 3.5m² with bank on NW side, rectangular scoop to centre aligned NE-SW possibly a shooting butt, immediately to the SW is a small clearance cairn at NC 72319.54675 2.5m in diameter 0.2m high (see plate 1), to the W by the of the river escarpment is a second clearance cairn at NC 72289/54654 4m diameter by 0.6m high – all these lie on a flat plateau of ground but no indication of it being a field system Site to be excluded from scheme and 5m exclusion area put in place.
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