rl*- SCS. SHS.U/S3 e W ?

PUBLICATIONS OF THE SCOTTISH HISTORY SOCIETY THIRD SERIES VOLUME LII

JOHN HOME’S SURVEY OF ASSYNT

I960

JOHN HOME’S SURVEY OF ASSYNT edited by R. J. ADAM, M.A. with a map drawn by K. M. MACIVER, M.A., Ph.D.

EDINBURGH Printed by T. and A. Constable Ltd. Printers to the University of Edinburgh for the Scottish History Society I960 < 28 *’DE^ % 1960 1 ^ ■ a^'

Printed in Greed Britain PREFACE The documents printed in this volume throw some light on the condition of the parish of Assynt in the 1770’s. They are printed as such, with an introduction designed to place them in their historical setting. The volume is in no sense a general survey of Highland social or economic history. It may be taken as a small repayment for a happy childhood spent in Assynt. My colleague Dr. Maclver has drawn the map, which incorporates all the important topographical and agrarian information provided by Home’s plans. Such value as this volume may have is in large part the result of her skill, and I am much in her debt. His Grace the Duke of Sutherland, K.T., has most kindly permitted me to draw upon the Sutherland Papers at Dunrobin Castle, not only for the documents here printed, but also for the unpublished material used in the Introduction.1 To him my chief thanks are due. Dr. Maclver, the Rev. Angus Mackenzie, the present minister of Assynt, and my father, in his time factor of Assynt, have read the manuscript. Mr. T. I. Rae has guided me through the intricacies of the Delvine Papers in the National Library of Scotland. Lastly, Dr. E. W. M. Balfour-Melville, the Secretary of the Society, has been patient and forbearing, and has saved me from many of the errors of inexperience. R. J. ADAM. St. Salvator’s College, St. Andrews, April 1960. 1 It may be explained here that documents quoted in the Introduction landfor which Papers no at referencesDunrobin ;are also, given that are Assynt amongst place-names the unpublished are printed Suther- in the form18th-century used by spelling the Ordnance is reproduced). Survey (except where the contemporary

CONTENTS PAGE PREFACE v INTRODUCTION ix PART I: THE SURVEY OF ASSYNT ... 1 PART II: HOME’S ACCOUNTS 53 APPENDIX A: TENANTS AND INHABITANTS OF ASSYNT 61 APPENDIX B: ALEXANDER MACKENZIE OF ARDLOCH’S ACCOUNTS AS FACTOR OF ASSYNT, 1764-1773 89 INDEX . 95 A generous contribution from the Carnegie Trust for the Universities of Scotland towards the cost of producing this volume is gratefully acknowledged by the Council of the Society.

farms

I ftCHMELVICH

2. ACHnORE

3 AChnACARmiN __ FARM BOUMDARIES 4-. ARIiVAR

5 Aui_t(nachie

6. &f\b A’ GHRIAMAM 27 IMVCRKIRKAIG AMD BADMABAM 7. BADDlbARACH Z8. KlRKTOIN

8 8ALCHLAMCH zq. knock an

A. brack loch 30 LEDBEG lo.clachtoll 31 LEDMORE

II CL ASHMORE 3I LITTLE ASSYNT 12 CLASH MESS IE 33 LOCH BEANNACH

13. CNOC MAM EACH 34- LYNE

( PARISH OF ASSYNT L4-. CROMALT 35 NEDX>

15.CUEAG 3b OLbANV LAND USE 37 RIENTKAID 16 CULKEIIN 36 STQEK 17. CULKEIIS DRUMBEG AFTER JOHN HOME 3A STRONECROBlE 18I5RUIM SUARI>ALAHN 40 TORS RECK 1A DRUMBEG 4-1 TUBEG 2CDUBH CALAIS AMD POLL A GHARBH BHAlR ^ Arable 21 EADAR A CHALDA 4Z UNAPOOL Mote, emphasis has been laid on j

22 ELPH/M GENERAL LOCATION OF LAND USE UNITS: C Open Wcuter- cend watercourses Sheelings

Z3 FILIN STRICT ACCURACY OF SCALE IS NOT CLAIMED “■1 Roouls Woodland 24- GLEMLIRAIG Hap out-lin* 0Asei> on os- '‘n<^ 1''S£fK,£S 25 IMCHNADAMPH LANDLanTs NOTNot SPECIFICALLYCPPtirira, .v DESIGNAir.NATED CONSISTSf OF ROCKV OUTCKORS W«THSCALE: PASTUREONE INCH tO ONE 5TATUTE Mll_£ I f 6Y KIND PERMISSION OF THE DIRECTOR GENERAL. o ^ _3 A K1I9LO 26 IMYER HI

II

■ i INTRODUCTION

Assynt in the mid-18th century retained many traces of its earlier clan history. Although Neil, the last Macleod Laird, lost his lands before 1692,1 Macleods still formed the largest single name-group in the parish almost a century later.2 The rivalry of Macleods and Mackenzies, with the displacement of a Macleod by a Mackenzie laird, was reflected in the Forty Five. Coll Macdonald, younger of Barrisdale, the Jacobite recruiting agent, and Lord Cromartie, of the younger Mackenzie house of Tarbat, were both able to collect a following for Prince Charles Edward in Assynt :3. on the other hand, Hugh Macleod of Geanies, brother’s grandson to the last Macleod laird, raised an independent company from his Assynt fellow- clansmen to serve under Lord Loudoun on the Hanoverian side.4 The story of the acquisition of Assynt by the Sutherland family throws some light on this situation, and on the difficulties involved in translating a legal title into effective possession in the days before the disarming of the Highlands. The first Mackenzie Laird of Assynt was John, second 1 and AlexanderHistory of Mackenzie,Mackenzies History(2nd edition, of Macleods Inverness, (Inverness, 1894), 1889),259-65 410-20; I. F. ; Grant,2 The Macleods (London, 1959), 320-2. 3 Infra, xliii. 7 October William 1745, Baillie reporting of Rosehall that Barrisdale wrote to hadWilliam called Earl on himof Sutherland on his way onto Assyntrecruiting ‘ on mission, private but business was sure ’ ; Bailliethat he thought would notthat ‘ causeBarrisdale disturbance was on ina yourDuncan lordship’s Forbes countryof Culloden because that Barrisdalehis amity ishad assured.’ received Later,many promisesBaillie told in aquavityAssynt, but ran that out all(G. but Menary, 30 of his Duncan recruits Forbes had deserted of Culloden when (London, the supplies 1936), of lands231). inThe Easter greater Ross, part andof Lord in LochbroomCromartie’s andregiment Coigach was parish,raised from but Captainhis own Johntransported Mackenzie to Antigua of Ardloch, (Prisoners from Assynt, of the Fortyaged 22,Five, was iii taken (Scot. prisoner Hist. Soc., and 1929),1 Menary, 124 ; infra,op. cit., n. 304-5.123). THE SURVEY OF ASSYNT son of Kenneth, third Lord Seaforth, who was in occupa- tion by the end of 1695.5 He died in 1705,® and was succeeded by his son Kenneth, then a minor.7 Kenneth married his own cousin, Frances Mackenzie of Conansbay. He was, apparently, an indifferent manager of his affairs ; he ran into heavy debt, and his wife had to act for him.8 By 1736 Kenneth was in such difficulties that he was making serious attempts to sell Assynt, for on 6 October he signed a disposition of the estate to William, Earl of Sutherland.9 The purchase price was 40,000 merks, the Earl taking burden for the payment of Kenneth’s debts and allowing him an annual aliment of 400 merks out of the lands of Calda and Ardvreck. But less than a month later, on 3 November, Kenneth signed another disposition of Assynt, this time to William, formerly Earl of Seaforth, who took burden for his debts and allowed him 500 merks annual aliment.10 We can trace something of the background of this situation. According to a series of questions later prepared by the Earl of Sutherland’s lawyers,11 the Laird of Assynt sent his wife to hawk the estate around the neighbouring chiefs and landowners. Seaforth at first refused the terms asked, and Lady Assynt then went to Sutherland, who accepted. The disposition was drawn up and signed at 6 6 Mackenzie,He was alive Mackenzies, on 7 February 281. 1705, but dead by 27 June (Nat. Lib. inScot., the Delvinesuperscription). MS. 1323, MS.33, 82 1323 : the contains date of variousfo. 82 is letters‘ 1705,’ from not ‘ him,1715 and’ as others7 Colonel also relating Alexander to theMackenzie Mackenzies of Conansbay, of Assynt. John Mackenzie’s brother, onbecame 25 March tutor to1719 Kenneth (ibid., (MS.97), but 1323, had 39, come 40). ofKenneth age before was 28still April under 1725, age when8 he received an assignation from Col. Alexander (ibid., 130). involved Col. Alexanderin Kenneth’s Mackenzie, affairs after Lady his Assynt’s majority. father, Alexander remained Mackenzie deeply ofagainst Applecross the latter’s had father.transferred On 27to Mayhim, 1726for Col.Kenneth’s Alexander behoof, consented, a decreet for any title that he might have to the lands of Assynt, to a redemptionr of a waswadset dead by byhis 17 former May 1728pupil (MS. (Part. 1323, Reg. 136). Sasines, His Invernessdaughter’s 8, marriage 295 ). He to Kenneth took place before 4 September 1728, whenr her husband gave her a special9 power of factory (P.R.S. Inverness, 8,472 ). 10 P.R.S. Inverness,r 9, 71v. 11 Infra,Ibid., 9,n. 7034.. INTRODUCTION xi Calda House, the Laird’s home ; Lady Assynt had already extracted a loan of £100 sterling from the Earl.12 Seaforth, however, took fright at the prospect of Assynt passing out of Mackenzie hands. Whilst Lady Assynt was absent from Calda, he sent for her husband to come to Brahan. There, under what pressure we can only guess, the Laird was forced to sign the second disposition. A complicated situation thereupon developed. Lady Assynt went to Brahan, in an attempt to see her husband.13 She was refused access, and an estrangement developed. Kenneth, apparently, never returned to Assynt. At some subsequent date he went to Lewis, where—or so the Sutherland lawyers believed—he was kept under duress. Meanwhile, both Seaforth and Sutherland took steps to establish their titles. Both sent procurators to take sasine.14 Sutherland’s procurators started a day sooner, but Seaforth’s representatives showed the greater urgency, and his sasine was registered at Fortrose more than twenty- four hours before his rival’s.15 Legal action soon turned into something more forceful. Sutherland’s lawyers had some doubts about the validity of his title.16 To reinforce it, the Earl therefore sent a party to collect the rents of the 12 Lady Assynt drew a bill for this sum on Alexander Mackenzie of MartinmasArdloch, the 1741, later factorbut Ardloch of Assynt, defaulted on 3 May and 1736. was Theput billto wasthe payablehorn on at3 December13 Apparently 1741. inWhether April 1737, payment for Col. was James finally St. madeClair (foris unknown. whom see infra. Assintn. 21) wrotemay succeedto the Earl in hirof Sutherlandexpedition oninto 23 Ross, April for: ‘ Iwithout wish that She the can Lady get holdfound of to hir be vereyHusband, difficient.... I am affraid But theythat haveyour had right time to tothe worke Lands upon will him, be and14 toP.R.S. confirme Inverness, him in 9,his 70 Rebellionr, 71v. againstSutherland’s hir.’ procurator took sasine betweentwo must 8 haveand 13 crossed November, each other’sSeaforth’s tracks, between or even 9 and met, 12 onNovember. 10 November, The whenSinclair, both tacksman took sasineof Filin, of whoClashmore, wrote the Clashnessie disposition and to Sutherland,Stoer. George was one16 ofIbid. the twoSeaforth’s baillies sasinewho gave was sasineregistered to Seaforth’s between procurator.1 and 2 p.m. on 15 November,16 Sutherland’s between 5 and 6 p.m. on the following day. writing Alexander on 29 January Gordon 1737, of pointed Cairnfield, out thatSutherland’s Lady Assynt’s Edinburgh right to disponeagent, husbandthe estate could was questionable,revoke at will. for she had only a power of factory, which her xii THE SURVEY OF ASSYNT estate in April 1737. It met with some violence,17 and shortly afterwards, while Lady Assynt was absent, Calda House was burned down.18 The event was re- membered in local tradition, which ascribed it to her reckless extravagance. Evidence was later produced that those responsible came from Kintail and Lochalsh, and the hand of Seaforth was suspected.19 Robert MacAlister, Sutherland’s factor at Dunrobin, jvent to Assynt in May with Baillie Kenneth Sutherland of Dornoch and others, but no trace of the culprits could be found and local connivance was presumed.20 Colonel James St. Clair,21 the Countess of Sutherland’s uncle, who was in London, laid the case before the Lord Advocate and the Solicitor-General. They were anxious to help, but pressed for a specific deposition to be made before the Sheriff of Sutherland (i.e. the Earl himself), naming the 17 1737 Earl(printed of Sutherland in Sir William to John Fraser, Baillie, Sutherland agent forBook Lady (3 vols.,Assynt, Edinburgh, 11 April 1892),18 The ii, 237-8).ruins still stand on the shores of Loch Assynt, close to Ardvreck Castle.19 A memorial,They remain dated much 26 December as Home 1737,sketched was basedthem. on information given Mathesonby Kenneth was Mathesonconsidered anda strong Duncan witness, Cameron, Cameron tacksman only a hearsayin Cracaig. one. inMatheson Braeantra provided in Craig a inlist Lochalsh of names being : ‘ Alexander the person Mathison who told aliasMathison Mcfarqhar of the band,rest. hisMurdoch Two Brothers Mcfarquhar Donald in andAchihuron John Mcfarquhars the Captain in Achihuron,or Leader Calumof the cameMcloin to VicCombthe house in of Achnashelack Kenneth McMurrochy . . . being Reoch fifteen in more Lochbroun in Company where they whatgott their they Dinner.had been And about. . he spokeAnd .to he the was landlady told there who was informed likewise him with of themothers). John Cameron Mackenzie added son 14to Mr.names Donald on hearsay, Mackenzie some in ofKintaill which ’ appear(and four to thatduplicate further those evidence given byshould Matheson. be sought The before writer a ofwarrant the memorial was taken advised out, thatand thethe people truth mentionedmight be discovered—‘in Cameron’s Ininformation Short Every should Bush be oughtreferred to to,be beat,20 Williamwher there Munro is the to leastEarl Prospectof Sutherland, of Starting Brea, the19 MayGame.’ 1737 : ‘ All the willianssearched thatthrow Brunt all Asin Calda up house and downis gone and out noneof the found, Countrie Surly for theythey headwere Country21 James men St. with Clair them (d. which 1762), will beson found of Henry,as yet.’ 10th Lord Sinclair (attainted1739 ; see after Scots the Peerage, Fifteen); vii, Col. 588-9. of Royal His Scots,sister 1737,Elizabeth Brigadier-General, was wife of land.David, 3rd Earl of Wemyss, and mother of Elizabeth, Countess of Suther- INTRODUCTION xiii offenders.22 General Wade was prepared to send some of the new Highland Companies to restore order, if needed. Nothing more than hearsay evidence, however, was ever forthcoming, and by the close of the year the attempt to bring the incendiaries to justice had petered out. The legal battle meanwhile continued. The Laird of Assynt, guided by Seaforth’s lawyers, brought an action for the reduction of the disposition to the Earl of Sutherland. As early as April 1737 trouble was anticipated.23 The position was complicated by the fact that Kenneth could not be found. St. Clair told Seaforth’s lawyer in August that the Laird must be produced by the beginning of the session,24 but he had not appeared by 1 December, when the process was debated before Lord Roystoun. The Sutherland lawyers argued that Assynt should be required to present himself and give oath, to which Seaforth’s agents objected. Lord Roystoun deferred a decision.25 Meanwhile, Sutherland had his own difficulties. He had not paid the 40,000 merks originally agreed on, and found funds difficult to raise. To secure the money, he entered into an agreement with Roderick McLeod of Cadboll. Cadboll was to give a bond for the price and to become the nominal purchaser, whilst at the same time giving an under-26 taking to transfer his rights to the Earl within two years.27 22Time did nothing to simplify the situation. Fraserdale, that heCol. had St. laid Clair, a letter writing from to thethe Earl Earl before from EarlLondon Hay, on the 11 LordJune, Advocate reported andspecific the names.Solicitor-General, He asked who that were any unable clues toshould give anybe warrantsfollowed withoutup, and hopecontinued this affair: ‘ If mustLovat, come Glengary to light, and Locheillif we are can realy but getYour hold frinds of the I truth, I belive Seaforth will give no further trouble23 about Assint, and be glade24 to get off so easily.’ Supra, n. 17. Sutherland’s ‘ Memorial affairs. by Col. Agust St. Clair 31st to 1737.’Robert WilliamMacAlister Forbes, concerning Seaforth’s Lord lawyer,26 Gordon promised of Cairnfield that Assynt reported would on appear. 2 December that the Laird of Assynt might26 Articles be allowed of agreement to depone were in absentia. signed on 25 and 26 November 1737, and Cadboll27 Alexander added explanatory Mackenzie (d. articles 1755), on son 19 of December. Roderick Mackenzie of Preston- hallAmelia, and daughtergrandson ofof Hugh,Sir John 10th Mackenzie Lord Lovat, of Tarbat; and assumed in 1702 the he namemarried of (2Fraser vols., and Edinburgh,. designation 1876), of Fraserdalei, Ixiii). (W. Fraser, The Earls of Cromartie XIV THE SURVEY OF ASSYNT a creditor of the Laird of Assynt, was preparing to bring a process.28 Lady Assynt, too, was creating difficulties. In January 1738 there was even rumour of a reconciliation with her husband.29 She had not received the 40,000 merks, nor a bond in security. In straits for money, she wrote to Colonel St. Clair, asking him to see that she received an immediate security. St. Clair, not surprisingly, was reluctant. He agreed that her request would have been reasonable, had the title she had given the Earl to Assynt been a good one, but, as things stood, he advised Sutherland on 29 January that she should be ‘ kept in play with fair words ’, and that no money should be advanced to her. By May 1738 Cadboll had come to the conclusion that there were too many uncertainties involved for him to risk losing his money.30 By July the Earl’s lawyers were advising him not to try to put his title into effect. It had become obvious that the Laird’s debts, for which the Earl had taken burden, were very large and onerous.31 Thereafter the attempt was tacitly abandoned ; an unsuccessful effort to collect the rents in April 1738 was probably the last serious move made.32 Lady Assynt, without the 40,000 merks, and £100 sterling in debt to the Earl, was left in a difficult position. She could get no maintenance from her absent husband, although in July 1738 she came to Edinburgh to bring an action against him for aliment. Gordon of Cairnfield reported on 21 July that she was in a miserable condition. Eventually, in March 1739, her action came before the Lords of Session. They ordered that she have interim aliment of £50 until 1 June ; the Laird was commanded to28 appear at their bar so that they could discover if he 29 CadbollSo Cairnfield wrote reported to the Earl to the of EarlSutherland of Sutherland on 30 January on 2 December that she 1737. was said30 to be ‘ makeing up with the Man.’ been Cairnfieldwith Cadboll to the the Earl previous of Sutherland, night and Findhorn, had discovered 23 May him1738 unwilling: he had to 31continue. 32 Cairnfield to the Earl of Sutherland, 21 July 1738. 12 April. Cadboll There criticised had the been failure an whenearlier writing attempt to thein Earlmidwinter of Sutherland : Robert on hisMacAlister way to Assynt,wrote from despite Achany bad stormsnear Lairg on the on hills. 5 January that he was on INTRODUCTION xv were in freedom or under constraint—and then, wrote Cairnfield on 14 March, ‘ we shall see what influence the Lady’s charms or art can have over him after so large an absence.’ Assynt’s own process of reduction against Sutherland’s title meanwhile continued on its course. When it was debated on 12 July 1739, the Lords were unanimous for reduction. The old problem of the Laird’s non-appearance, however, remained. The Lords therefore sisted all further procedure ‘ till Assint himself appear personally, and declare if he is for reducing it or not, for they will not suffer the process to proceed at his Instance till they know if he is a free Leidge or not.’ 33 At the same time they took the decisive step of sequestrating the estate, naming Fraserdale —a principal creditor—as judicial factor, and ordering him to pay the Laird £50 sterling to pay his expenses in coming to Edinburgh to appear before them on 1 November. Lady Assynt considered that she had gained her own point by this judgement, and Cairnfield consoled himself with the thought that now Seaforth could only secure Assynt by purchase at a public roup. With the Earl of Sutherland’s other lawyers, he prepared some pointed questions to be put to the Laird.34 But there is no evidence that the latter 33 Caimfield reported their decision to the Earl of Sutherland by letter the34 following day. McKenzie ‘ Interrogators of Assint. for1739. the Earl of Sutherland to be put to Kenneth 1. Didof debts you, affecting your wife, it, sonto Kenneth and friends (sic) not late offer Marquis your (sic)estate, of Seaforthon account in youSeptember and wife or orOctober longest 1736, liver, for and a bondto son of in 40,000 fee, and merks with in annuityliferent toof 2. Did400 merks,you not and send payment your wife of to all make your the debts offer, ? which Seaforth refused, butannuity only of proposed 400 merks to onlytake ? a disposition of Assint and pay you an 4.3. WhenDid you your not wifesend wasyour absent, wife then did to not make Lord the Seaforthoffer to Lord send Sutherland? for you to comegave youto Brahan, no value where for the you salmon then ofsigned Assint a dispositionnor take burden to him for which your housedebts ?nearby, Were and you come not toldto Brahan that your to see wife you wasand thenwas refusedin the change-access ? Havedid you you stay since at Brahandesired ?to Whoreturn advised to Assint you ?to goBy towhose the Lewisadvice ? anyHave opportunity you since ? desired’ to return to Assint but could not find XVI THE SURVEY OF ASSYNT ever came to Edinburgh. Seaforth died in 1740,35 the estate remained under sequestration, and the Mackenzies of Assynt vanished from history.36 For twenty years Assynt remained without a legal owner. Fraserdale appears to have been an absentee factor,37 and the tenants were left much to their own devices. Even the aftermath of the Forty Five left .little mark. By the 1750’s, however, the legal process began to stir again. Janet Sinclair of Ulbster, a sister of the Earl of Sutherland—now dead—who had unsuccessfully tried to secure Assynt in 1736, wrote on 25 June 1754 to her mother, Katherine Lady Strathnaver,38 asking if she was interested in purchasing the estate. Mrs. Sinclair also wrote to the minister of Assynt for information on the estate.39 Lady Strathnaver was, in fact, the eventual purchaser. The Lords of Session ranked the creditors of the late Laird on 19 February 1757, and in July a judicial roup was held.40 A decreet of sale in favour of the highest bidder, Lady Strathnaver, completed the long process. Even before

36 January, S.P., reporting vii, 511. thatCairnfield it was rumouredwrote to inthe Edinburgh Earl of Sutherlandthat Seaforth on had 31 died36 Thein Lewis above during narrative the previous corrects week.Mackenzie, Mackenzies, 281, where it is certainlystated that lived Kenneth until 1739, Mackenzie and he hadof Assynta son (S.P., died vii,childless 509). inCol. 1723. St. Clair, He towriting be cany to the about Earl her of SutherlandSon, for car on shall 28 Maybe taken ?1737, to warned keep him ‘ Lady out Assintof his Esteat,Chifes hands, as far andas Law to support can.’ hirThe and dates hir of Sons the interestdeaths ofwith Kenneth relation and to thehis wife37 areAlexander unknown. Mackenzie of Ardloch informed John Mackenzie of Delvine, thechanged Sutherland his subfactors agent in four Edinburgh, times during on 25 the April sequestration 1761 that (Nat.Fraserdale Lib. Scot., had Delvine38 MS. 1319, 26). Her Forson, LadyWilliam Strathnaver Earl of Sutherland, (d. 1765), see bought Fraser, the Sutherland estate of Book, Rosebank i, 395-7. in Midlothian39 in 1734, and gave her a liferent tack. tacksman In reply, of Achmore) Rev. Williamreported Scobieon 27 August (father 1754 of thatKenneth the annualScobie, income later wouldof the faceestate many was bidders7000 merks ; however, Scots (£490),‘ ’tho’ Assintbut that should Lady sell Strathnaver at Thirtie years40 purchase, the Head will pay for the washing.’ Geanies These (infra, details n. 44). are narrated in a renunciation by Hugh Macleod of INTRODUCTION xvii it was finished Janet Sinclair was congratulating her mother.41 The purchase was not a straightforward one. Lady Strathnaver, over 30 years a widow, was an acute business- woman, and she did not intend to become a proprietrix in her own right. As an agreement of 26 July showed, she was in effect advancing £12,000 sterling for the purchase of Assynt by her grandson, the contemporary Earl of Suther- land. This was ‘ with a view to enlarge the property of the Family of Sutherland in that Country where the Family Estate lies.’ The arrangements were strictly business-like. Lady Strathnaver disponed to Earl William the fee title which she had purchased, reserving a liferent to herself; this liferent she then set in tack to the Earl for £600 annual tack duty (a return of 5% on her money). The Earl assumed responsibility for the payment of stipend and all public burdens on the estate. The final steps followed. The Earl recognised the superiority under which the Mackenzie lairds had held from their clan chiefs of Seaforth, and on 22 June he obtained a charter of confirmation from Kenneth Mackenzie of Seaforth, called Lord Fortrose.42 Shortly afterwards he bought the superiority from Fortrose, and took out a charter under the Great Seal.43 His title was now complete. The Mackenzie line was extinct, and the dormant Macleod claim does not appear to have been 41 Janet Sinclair of Ulbster to Lady Strathnaver, Thurso East, 3 July gratulate1757 (printed your in ladyship Fraser, onSutherland the purchase Book, of ii, the 281) Assynt : ‘ Ulbster estate. and Be I weassured con- loanthat theof £14,000 purchase sterling is a good to make one. thatThe purchaseMackenzies for offered himself. Lord But Seaforth as he hadthe anot whole much country ambition, to heyour declined self, a acceptingcommand so of good men, an that offer. may You make have you now of consequencemake seven votes to the ; andgovernment, in the view and of aprofit, valuation a fine thatsalmon will fishing, intitle the you best to cattle42 and butter in the north of Scotland.’ was theFor eldestLord Fortroseson of William, (d. 1761), Earl see of Mackenzie, Seaforth, whoMackenzies, had so troubled316-28. theHe attainderSutherlands in 1716,in 1737. his sonAs (thethe Lordtitle hadSeaforth been referred lost with to inEarl n. 41William’s supra), used43 the courtesy style of Lord Fortrose. details Mackenzie of these oftransactions. Delvine’s accountsFortrose as received Sutherland £200 lawas compositionagent give thefor saleSutherland’s of the superiority. charter of confirmation and entry to Assynt, and £350 for the xviii THE SURVEY OF ASSYNT revived.44 When Lady Strathnaver died in 1765 her liferent right expired ; the death of Earl William in the following year left Assynt, with the other Sutherland lands, to his daughter, the Countess Elizabeth, then a little over a year old. ii It was during the Countess’ minority that the surveying of the Sutherland estates was first considered. The contemporary Lochtayside Survey,45 and the maps in the Forfeited Estates Papers and the Gordon Castle Papers46 show that systematic surveying was being extended beyond the Lowlands into the more difficult country of the Highlands. The Sutherland Papers at Dunrobin contain several maps and surveys which show 44 Mackenzie The Macleods of Assynt had had been been aware involved. of the difficultiesOn 8-13 Mayin which 1738 KennethNorman sasineMacleod of ofAssynt, Macleod, on bya disposition his attorney to hisRoderick grandfather, Macleod John in Inver,Macleod took of Dunvegan, by Neilv Macleod of Assynt, dated 24 November 1681 (P.R.S. olderInverness, and 9,fuller 129 ).enumeration This disposition, of the as lands recorded of Assyntin the sasine,than Kennethgives an TheMackenzie’s witnesses dispositions are noteworthy to Sutherland : Roderick and Macleod, Seaforth tacksman (supra, ofnn. Ledmore, 9, 10). NeitherJohn Macleod of the in otherCromalt, claimants Hugh Macleodused Assynt alias MacCormalwitnesses. inSutherland’s Ledmore. Dempster,sasine was burgesswitnessed of Dornoch,by Charles and Gordon, Seaforth’s writer by Murdoin Dornoch, Mackenzie, and Georgesecond sonWilliam of deceased Fraser, secondAlexander son ofMackenzie, William Fraser,late chamberlain tacksman ofof FerrytownBrahan, and of wasBrahan. also interestedHugh Macleod in Assynt. of Geanies, On 26the March blood heir1733 of he the bought Macleod a wadset lairds, byright Donald to Oldany. Macleod This Neilson right of had Assynt a long to Johnhistory, Maekeanroch being originally in Oldany granted and MackeanrochKatherine Macleod it descended Neilson, to hishis sonwife, John, on his3 Maygrandson 1613. Neil, From his great-John ongrandson 29 April Angus, 1730. andGeanies finally bought to Angus’ the onlyright child from Margaret, her. He whorenounced took sasine it to alsoLady Grant, Strathnaver Macleods, on 18322, July 398, 1757. and ForW. MackayMacleod inclaims Trans. on GaelicAssynt Soc. see Inverness,45 xvi, 197-207. 46 Scot. Hist. Soc., 1936. estate Both in Coigach in Scottish (S.R.O., Record Forfeited Office. Estates A series Papers, of 26 Particular maps of the Management, Cromartie 1756Coygach, ; his vol. maps 145) contain were drawnsummary by Petertotals May,of area, who but surveyed no details. the estateDespite in noneHome’s of thereferences maps in to the the Gordon terms offeredCastle Papersby the isDuke his work.of Gordon (infra, 55), INTRODUCTION xix the trend moving very far north. Of these John Home's Survey of Assynt is the last, the finest—and unquestionably the most expensive. The Minute-Book of the Countess’ Tutors 47 shows how the surveying programme was carried out. The moving spirit behind it was Captain James Sutherland, the general commissioner on the estates, under whose supervision worked the local factors, James Campbell of Turrerick, factor on the east coast estates, and Alexander Mackenzie of Ardloch, factor of Assynt. Presumably because there were no local men of sufficient competence, two surveyors from Edinburgh, John Kirk junior and John Home, were engaged to do the actual work. Kirk was appointed by the Tutors on 11 July 1771,48 and went to Sutherland in the same summer. He worked until mid-October 49 in the east coast parishes, and returned in the next year, leaving Edinburgh on 17 June to resume work in Golspie parish. Captain Sutherland was anxious that he should make a start on Assynt during 1772,50 but by the time he went south in the autumn of that year Kirk had apparently not finished in Golspie. The two surviving 47 William, The onTutors, 15 January as originally 1765, were nominated the Duke by of the Athole, Countess’ the Earl father, of Elgin, Earl WemyssLord Justice-Clerk of Wemyss, Thomas Sir David Miller, Dalrymple Sir Adam of Fergusson Hailes, Alexander of Kilkerran, Boswell James of Auchinleck,served at Dunrobin and John ; subsequentMackenzie ofreferences Delvine. in Theirthis introductionMinute-Book to is theirpre- transactions48 He was are‘ to hederived allowed from each it. Season £20 for his personal Charges, £5 thefor hisMen travelling necessary Charges, for assisting And to him be indemnified in the survey.’ in the expenceOn his own of furnishing proposal thehe waswork ‘ to is befinisht rewarded as Mr. by theWemyss Tutors and for the the otherSurvey Tutors and Plansthink afterhim deserving.’49 Captain Sutherland to Alexander Mackenzie, W.S., the Tutors’ cashier hisand Survey law agent, for this15 OctoberSeason in1771 a few : ‘ days,Mr. Kirk he has the SurveydSurveyor the talks whole of endingof the whichParish comprehendsof Loth and partfrom of the the BridgeParish of ClynBrora and till the the greatest burn of part Culmaily of the Arrable60 land of the parish of Golspie.’ Tutors Ibid. would : ‘ Asaprove the Tacks of Mr. in KirksAssint begining will expire there in threenext Years,Summer I wishafter the he thathas finishd Parish the and Parish befor of the Golspie, Tutors no can Heritor give interferesnew leases with they the can Countess have the in theseveral Farms.’ farms laid befor them to judge if the offers shall be adequate to XX THE SURVEY OF ASSYNT pieces of his draughtmanship 51 were probably drawn in the winter of 1772-3. In 1773 he went to Sutherland again. He was at Wemyss House on 20 May, and by 1 June he was in Assynt.52 There he fell sick. He was ill at Ardloch’s house of Ledbeg for 40 days, and despite a doctor and a nurse being fetched from the east coast he died in late July or early August.53 His death was formally reported to the Tutors at their meeting on 30 November, when they appointed John Home to succeed him. The new surveyor was instructed to start by completing Kirk’s assignment in Assynt, but in fact he spent some time in the early summer of 1774 finishing the latter’s work in Golspie. He did not leave for Assynt until 7 or 8 June, accompanied by his two assistants, Crawford and Anderson, and four ‘ lads ’ provided by Captain Sutherland from Dunrobin.54 61 A plan of Easter Helmsdale and Navidale, ‘ surveyed and planned by PropertyJohn Kirk, of 1771the Countess’; and ‘ Aof BookSutherland of Plans Containing of the ParishThreeten of LothDifferent the JanuaryFarms Surveyed 1772 and and 7 May Planned 1773 Kirkby John was paidKirk £50Junr. by 1772.’the Tutors’ Between cashier. 21 himIn all and he moneyreceived due, £70, although but there on 7is April no final 1774, statement after his ofdeath, money the paidTutors to directed52 that such a statement be drawn up. (east OnSutherland) 1 June a for boll Kirk of andoatmeal his servantswas fetched ‘ while from he was‘ the Surveying low country Part ’ of 63the Daniel Esteat Forbes, of Assint ‘ chyrurgeon ’ (Assynt Factor’sin Dornoch,’ Accounts, who attended 1772). the sick man, Factor’swas at Ledbeg Account on for 15 1771.July, whenArdloch’s he witnessed Account forArdloch’s 1772 throws signature some to light his onTain the for hazards medicine, of illness each inat a a remote cost of area. 2/6. ATwo nurse, expresses who washad paidto be £1, sent was to 18‘ Provided pence per from day Tain (£3 in Because all) and she his couldhorse costspeak Ardloch English.’ £1, forForbes it had was to paid be went‘ Teathered to Tain in formy a Best winding Hay sheetas he afterwould Kirk’s take nodeath, other.’ and Anotherthe funeral express was costly18 Pints : ‘ Gin,a Coffin £2.5/- coverd ; 3 Pintswith Rum,Black 9/-;Cloath, 4 Pounds10/- ; diging Sugar, the 4/-; grave, 1 Stone 1/- ; ButterKirk came and to2 £21.3.8Stones J,Cheese, and Ardloch 14/- ; 2declared Wedders, that 10/-.’ ‘ I would The nottotal Undertake spent on Such64 a piece of Trouble Again for Double the Sum charged here.’ on 8 CaptainJune to Sutherlandsend 10 bolls ordered of meal James by aCampbell, Golspie fishing-boat the factor at to Dunrobin, Rosehall, wheremen to one carry of itHome’s to Assynt. assistants This was is an to interesting remain with indication it until ofArdloch the use sent of Ardloch’swater transport. Accounts The show Oykell that onestuary other occasionsis tidal almost meal wasas fartaken as upstreamRosehall. INTRODUCTION xxi Once in Assynt, his movements can be reconstructed in some detail, between his arrival at Ledbeg on 9 June and his final departure on 16 September.55 His accounts show something of the difficulties of field-work in such wild country. He worked on foot,56 recruiting local men to lead the measuring-chain and to point out the marches. As he went he sketched and protracted.57 Amongst a suspicious Gaelic-speaking people,58 and in country as rugged as any in Britain, it was hardly surprising that he found it necessary to lay out a good deal of money on spirits. Sometimes this was ‘ for the use of self and Assistants who led the Chain to enable them to endure the fatigue of widing through Lochs and Mosses from Morning early till Late at night 59 some- times it was for ‘ Tenents for showing their Marches as they could not be prevaild with to do so without it ’.60 Two of the east coast men sent by Captain Sutherland failed to stand the pace,61 and there were times when Home himself ason farthe as road Ochtow, from some the east12 miles coast above to Assynt Bonar Bridge.(Old Statistical There wasAccount, no bridge xvi, William165-6), but Mackenzie, horses made minister the journey of Assynt, with rebuilt quite heavyhis manse loads. at WhenKirkton Rev. in (Glen1771, Einig)he brought in Kincardine fir-wood parish.from William16 joists Baillie’s were hauled wood byof twoGlenenach horses each,Factor’s and Account, 32 other 1776). horses Aeach small hauled amount a single of wood, couple-beam for joists (Sutherlandand lintels, was66 found in Lead-lanich moss, within a mile of the manse. wrote Infra, to Captain 56-8. SutherlandFrom 9 June on 20 to June 7 July that he ‘ Mr.was Home at Ledbeg was ailing (Ardloch here factoryesterday, must but have seems hoped better that anotherthis day surveyor and is at would Breakfast not go with the sameus ’ ; waythe asof Assynt.Kirk). FromHe was 7 to next 28 Julyat Little Home Assynt lodged for with two weeks,the minister including at the 5 August, manse heand lodged then at there Stoer for for ten a short nights time. in all, On possibly 9 and 23in Augusttwo separate he was periods. at Oldany On ; he26 wasAugust at Inver he was on at1 September, Ardvar, where and stayedhe stayed for twofor threeweeks nights. before returningFinally, to 56Ledbeg He paid and the Ledmore. minister two guineas for grazing for his horse from 10 June67 until 16 September (infra, 56). Glenlyon Nat. (ff.Lib. 126-51), Scot. MS. surveyed 1583 containsin August a andseries September of sketch 1794maps by of one lands John in foundHome. in Allowingthe Assynt for maps. the difference The Glenlyon in date, maps the werehand apparently appears to requiredbe that forfield a methodslawsuit. ; Theirthe sketches most interesting are extremely feature rough, is the containing light they descriptive throw on jottings,58 notes of areas, projection lines and landscape profiles. ^ SeeInfra, his 56. comments on Balchladich60 Infra, 57.(infra, 11). Infra, 57. XXII THE SURVEY OF ASSYNT was hesitant. His expedition on 17 July, when he traversed the Braebag ridge, over 2600 feet high, obviously weighed on his mind,62 and the remote marches of Achmore, along the shattered crest of Glas Bhein, were too much for him. But the completeness of his survey is the best evidence of his thoroughness. By November Home was back in Edinburgh,63 at work on the general map and 16 separate plans, now kept at Dunrobin, which form the basis of this volume.64 He was working under pressure, for Captain Sutherland was anxious to have the use of the plans when he carried out the new set of Assynt in the summer of 1775.65 Home in fact completed his part of the business, for the Tutors were told on 11 March that the plans had been delivered, though it is not certain that they were sent north in time for Sutherland to consult them before his meeting with the Assynt tenants at Kirkton on 15 May.66 If pleased with Home’s speed, the Tutors were less appreciative of his charges. Shocked by the cost, they instructed Alexander Mackenzie, their cashier, on 11 March to settle the account; they also decided not to continue for the moment with the project of surveying all the estates. Mackenzie was apparently reluctant to pay in full, for in June Home submitted a memorial to the Tutors,67 showing that he had so far received only £176.6 towards his account for £324.9.2. The Tutors, on 23 June, agreed to pay a further £100 at once and to refer the outstanding balance of £48.3.2 to the decision of Sir Adam Fergusson of 62 63 64 TheInfra, only 46. other example of Home’sInfra, 58. work at Dunrobin is a book of plans appearingof Golspie onparish. all of Onlythe Assynt one of plans,these containsand the awhole sketch volume similar has to athose less finished65 appearance. ‘ By aCaptain letter yow Sutherland sent me to from Alexander Mr. Home Mackenzie, the Surveyor, W.S., I23 find February he is engaged 1775 : sentin protracting me befor theI goparish to Assent of Assynt, to settle it will with be necessarythe People that for his their Plan new be Leases.’66 Mackenzie paid 3/- on 12 August ‘ for a box to hold the Plans of Assintpossible sent that north the plansto Capt. actually Sutherland travelled and before for ShipingAugust, Charges.’but there isIt nois evidence*7 Infra, to 58-9.confirm this. INTRODUCTION xxiii Kilkerran. Home accepted this,68 and on the basis of Kilkerran’s report 69 the Tutors made a final payment of £21 on 15 January 1776. There is no evidence that Home pressed the matter. Probably he was not ill-content. Whether the excellence of the maps, and Sir Adam’s com- mendation of them, reconciled the Tutors to the cost may be doubted. Home’s expedition, however, was remembered in Assynt two decades later.70 It had, too, an immediate relevance to the problems that faced the Tutors and their agents in Sutherland. To these problems we must now turn. iii The background to all Highland history in the 1770’s was emigration to North America. The phenomenon has been examined, both in its origins and in its American results, and attempts have been made to explain the forces which caused it.71 The Assynt material, reinforced by other evidence from the Sutherland Papers, throws some light on the whole complex situation.72 68 69 SeeSir Adamhis receipt Fergusson for £100, to Alexanderdated 24 June Mackenzie, 1775 (infra, W.S., 55-6). 8 August 1775: that‘ As youhe admittedwas present that at his my Charge, conversing both with for theMr. arableHome, and you pasture will recollect lands, chargewas much upon higher the nature than ofusual, the Country,and that whichhe put I couldthe reason not judge of that of, havinghigher bynever the seen Day it. ; becauseI never I paid wanted any toSurveyor know the myself real byextent the Acre,of my but Land, always not toorder lay to the augment Surveyor his underown profit: the temptation But I am of certain encreasing that, thein thisquantity, country, in admittedthe work mightby Mr. have Home. been Itcheaper, is very eventrue inthat a greaterthe plans proportion are neatly than drawn, that and theattention. observations If upon accompanying these Accounts, them havethe otherthe appearance Curators chuseof accuracy to go farther,0 than appears to be strictly due, I shall not object to it.’ 71 SeeO.S.A., in particular xvi, 166. M. I. Adam, The Highland Emigration of 1770 (Scot. ScotlandHist. Review, (Cornell, xvi, 280-93)1956) and ; more M. Gray, recently, The I.Highland C. C. Graham, Economy, Colonists 1750-1850 from (Edinburgh,72 1957). tion. WhatIt is follows limited is tonot an intended examination to be anof exhaustivethe Sutherland discussion evidence of emigra- in the properlylight of existing be drawn ideas from about evidence emigration. for so restrictedMore general an area. conclusions cannot xxiv THE SURVEY OF ASSYNT The fact of emigration from Sutherland is undoubted.73 In December 1771 Captain Sutherland was reporting that the Assynt tenants were talking of emigration, and threaten- ing to do as the ‘ Isle of Sky People ’ had done.74 The winter of 1771-2 was a difficult one, and as it moved on the note of alarm deepened in Sutherland’s letters. On 17 February he wrote at length to Edinburgh about a general restlessness in Strathnaver.75 With summer restlessness changed into action. Some Sutherland emigrants were in Edinburgh in June, on their way to Carolina,76 and other 73 John ItsMackenzie beginnings of Delvinego far back. that youngOn 8 menFebruary in America, 1763 Ardloch natives reported of Assynt, to rentshad made until proposals those stood to takeat 25% tacks more, at a the5% leasesyearly to increase run for over 40 or the 50 existing years ; enterthe proposers the tacks had until brothers they themselves and other appeared relatives (Nat.in the Lib. parish Scot. whoMS. would1319, 41).74 December Captain 1771 Sutherland : ‘ . . . there to isAlexander nothing that Mackenzie, I am more W.S., certain Dunrobin, of than that 20 theare Assentnear run People out, tohave deminish a Scheme the to present plead poverty, rent, or inat hopesleast asto theirprevent Tacks an haveaugmentation, some thoughts and toto favourfollow thethis example plan they of thehave Isle told of ArdlochSky People.’ that theyFor the75 SkyeCaptain emigration Sutherland see Graham, to Alexander Colonists Mackenzie, from Scotland, W.S., 75-6. Dunrobin, 17 onFebruary in this Country1772 : ‘ Iin am imitation now to of inform the Isle you of that Skay there People, is a since migration it has goingcome theto my thaw knowledge is begun, thereI have was apointed no possibility all those ofwho seeing intend the to People leave the but Country now as meetwith theme atTacksmen, Kildonan under the 28th whom Inst., they that have being lived the formost some centreal Years place past forto thisboth Schemethe Parish but ofthe Kildonan Subtenants and ofFar, those I do who not have hear largeof any highland embarking Tacks in exceptlad of the George Name Mackay of Macpherson. at Mudal (atI wrote the head to George of Loch Mackay Naver) at and Mudal a young who theiris the great ringleader argument but Iin have support no answer of the migrationfrom him willas yet be the WantI guessof Victual that isand rather the opressiona disagreeable they meetexpedition with fromfor to their do justiceMasters to the the Tacksmen, poor people this I broadshall certainly enough if have I can the but resentment releve the oprest.’of the Tacksmen,On 27 February my shoulders Sutherland are wroteowing thatto a hefresh had fall had of tosnow. postpone There his is meeting no further at Kildonan mention forof thea fortnight, meeting in 76his correspondence. ‘ Our Captainemigrants Sutherland have made to very James false Campbell, report in Edinburgh,regard to the 17 cause June of 1772 their : ofleaving this placethe Country. of the facts, I came the Magistratestime enough offerd here toto informemploy the them Magistrates and give enablethem meal them to to maintain pay for thetheir Meal, Wives They and refused Children the till Magistrates their Worke offer would and opensaid as the they Magistrates were bound hearts for Carolinato give them that suchthey hopedassistance that as the would Lord enablewould INTRODUCTION XXV parties were reported at Glasgow.77 There were also direct sailings from the north, for Sutherland wrote on 4 July that a ship was lying in Lochbroom, taking emigrants for America at £3 per head. The Strathnaver people actually sent their leader to Edinburgh to charter a ship.78 The estate correspondence for 1772 is full of references to emigration, real or projected. Thus in July ‘ the spirit of Emigration spreads like a Contagion over Ross and Caithness,’ amd Sir John Gordon of Invergordon’s tenants announce their intention of going to America in the following summer.79 At least one ship left Sutherland during the summer of 1772,80 and the probability is that there were more. them,them tothey proceed got a Mr.on theirMcPheal plan, to when Preach the a MagistratesSermon, and would the next not daylisten they to proceeded77 for Glasgow.’ that James350 or Campbell400 are engaged to Captain and Sutherland, paid their 26 freight June 1772for that : ‘ ItStrathnaver is reported thatShip cannotand that get there a passage is from in the60 to Ship 100 for that want is toof travelroom.’ onOn foot 4 July to Glasgow Suther- Dunrobin,land, who wrotehad reached to Campbell Cradlehall that ‘ thosenear whoInverness went toon Glasgow his way in north the first to everysquad where,are lying some all ofover them the ICountry saw in Fifeand thoseand I that supose can the work greatest are dispersed part of them78 will return after the harvest is over.’ ‘ George Captain Mackay Sutherland at Mudale to has James been Campbell, here to freight Edinburgh, a Ship for20 twoJune hundred 1772 : letterPeople signed from byStrathnaver Lt. Walter and Gray I was (tacksman a good dealof Rhian surprised near Lairg),to find Kennethhe has a whoScobie I take (tacksman to be Georges of Achmore), Brother Mr.in Law Forbes binding the themselvesSheriff and for one the Mackay freight shipof those at £3.5 People a head, ’ ; Mackay but it washad ‘gone not to Burntislandsail from Burntisland and had charteredtill George a NecessarysMackay remit for moneythe Voyage twixt threeand this and moneyFour hundredis expected Pounds in ato fortnight provide hence79 ’. 80 Ardloch,James Campbell writing tofrom Alexander Ledbeg Mackenzie, on the lastW.S., day 16 Julyof 1773, 1772. stated: tions‘ Captain the AnswersSutherland follow—No having PutPerson Several emigrated Querys from to theme EstateAbout ofEmigra- Assint forMacra 12 yearsSubtennant back one to theonly Minister excepted, of heAssint, was anwent old of man in Augustof 70 Called 1772 Johnfrom DaughterLocheripol behind (Loch Eriboll)him.’ Theon Board ship inof whichCapt. SmithJohn Macraand left sailed a Wife may and have one voyagebeen the to notorious New York brig in Nancy,1773 (Graham,of whose Colonists280 passengers from Scotland, 81 died on101). a Ardloch’sobservations report (A Tour on emigrationin Scotland hardlyand A Voyageagrees towith the Hebrides,Thomas Pennant’s1772 (2nd edition,1772, where London, Ardloch 1776), gave i, 365-6).him ‘ quarters,Pennant andvisited rough Ledbeg hospitality.’ on 28 JulyHe C xxvi THE SURVEY OF ASSYNT This panic emigration was not repeated on the same scale in the following years. Ships still sailed from Sutherland for the New World,81 but there is reason to believe that emigration had become a business which called for organisation and finance.82 Certainly, although the Sutherland agents still referred to the subject from time to time,83 their tone was less worried after 1772. By the time the American War of Independence had broken out they had reached fairly positive conclusions about the reasons for the movement. Although famine was no new phenomenon in Sutherland, and although the estate agents did not stress it to the exclusion of every other factor, there can be little doubt that it was a real element in the situation in 1772, if not in later years. Here the east coast evidence reinforces that from Assynt. Despite Ardloch’s apprehensions,84 werenoticed now that passing, ‘ dispirited emaciated and driven with tohunger, despair to by the bad Eastern management, coast, crowdson the ofreport this ofcountry a ship werebeing now there migrating loaden with : they meal. wandered Numbers in a ofstate the ofmiserables despara- ferringtion ; tooa temporary poor to pay, bondage they mostlyin a strange sell themselves land, to starving for their for passage, life in theirpre- native81 soil.’ report E.g. at theLerwick, Nancy printed in 1773 in andM. Jensen,the Batchelor American in 1774Colonial (see Documentsthe customs to ‘1776 Wymore (London, ’ (469) 1955), is presumably469-76 : the ‘place-names Clynemore,’ in‘ Mointlethe text ’ are(470) confused should ; read82 ‘ Mudale,’ and ‘ Aschog ’ (473) is ‘ Ascoig ’). 83 Infra, xxx-xxxi. know Captain the game Sutherland that they to will Alexander play, that Mackenzie, they will W.S.,go to America,2 March 1772this Idea: ‘ I People,of going butto that they Country have no is atperson present at atheir sort head,of madness and tho among I do the not Common believe increaseany of our that Assent Flame Tacksmen that I have will go,in ayet great their measure saying thatstifld.’ they willOn 27go Maymay 177384 Ardlochhe was still to Captainreferring Sutherland, to the current 17 ‘December dreams about 1771 America : he had received Kirktononly £15 ofat Assynt, his rent and collection, asked for although instructions he had ‘ how waited to behave four daysin Such at thean ‘Uncommon not two Months Emergency Bread ’ ;and the Many people Must of the Starve estate if were there in be distress, No Supply with provided19 December, for regrettedthem.’ Captain the failure Sutherland, of the meeting replying with fromthe Assynt Dunrobin tenants, on itadding would dryly—‘ not have had surpris’d I been toldme ’;that he £15 considered had been that drank the atslowness your meeting of the therents autumn was due markets—‘ to the failure I suppose of the yowAssynt have people as much to send difficulty all their to convincecattle to theCattle People is much of Assent fallen, as but I have time with will theonly other convince Tenants them here of thatthis thetruth.’ price of INTRODUCTION XXVXl there were no reports of famine from the latter parish in the spring and early summer. The arrival of herring shoals in Lochinver Bay in January 85 may well have saved the inhabitants, though it should be noticed that Thomas Pennant observed starvation conditions in July.86 But in the east matters were worse. In February Captain Sutherland was convinced that the position in the county as a whole was becoming desperate.87 He linked famine with emigration,88 and he returned to the same theme on 2 March.89 Clearly, famine contributed to emigration. It was also an immediate physical danger that had to be met. Something of the steps taken can be traced. Works were a partial answer. As far back as December 1770 Captain Sutherland was giving orders for the slopes of Ben Bhraggie, behind Golspie, to be planted with trees, to provide employment for those who needed it.90 On his way north on 4 July 1772, when the emigration tide was at its flood, he was ‘ vixt to meet severals who had been working at the Dyke at Bhinwragie on the road to Edin- burgh because they could not get work in the Country.’ He ordered James Campbell, the factor, to employ all those who asked for work, and to set them to trench one of the Dunrobin home parks. Food was even more crucial than work, and by June 1772 it had become the agents’ first concern. In normal 86 88 Ardloch reported their arrival. 87 Supra,Captain n. Sutherland80. to Alexander Mackenzie, W.S., Dunrobin, 17 highlandersFebruary 1772 nor : I ‘ believeThere neverwith greaterwas such reason, a Cry I wrotefor Victual yow of among my apre- the thehensions scarcity of this of Victualsome months to the ago.Tutors, It forwill their be necessary derection that for youto provide mention a factor,suply of whose Meal and service bear, went Mr. Gilchrist back before (Dugald the Gilchrist,Forty Five) the retiredtells me Dunrobin that he thinks88 this year will be as severe on this Country as 1740.’ 89 Supra,Captain n. Sutherland75. to Alexander Mackenzie, W.S., Dunrobin, 2 andMarch I make1772 : no‘ Thisdoubt Year but isAssent a very has bad their one sharefor the of highlandsthe difficulty in General of the opportunitytimes ’ ; he ‘ considered,to persuade however,these concerned that thethat tenants the Estate were of Assenttaking isevery over rented.’90 Captain Sutherland told Mackenzie of Delvine in May 1773 that MS.1,500,000 1485, fir 240). plants had been planted during the past season (Nat. Lib. Scot. xxviii THE SURVEY OF ASSYNT years east Sutherland had a surplus of grain and meal, and the Factor’s Accounts show that considerable quantities were shipped south from Ferry Unes, where the estate maintained a girnel.91 But in bad years the position was reversed. Captain Sutherland found it difficult to lay his hands on supplies in 1772. He hunted Aberdeenshire and Banffshire, with mixed success,92 and enquiries were made in Caithness and Ross also. Gradually, stocks were collected. The estate had a total rental of slightly over £3000, of which some £1070 was accounted for by payments of victual—grain and meal—totalling 1529 bolls.93 In the spring and summer of 1772 1022 bolls of this rent victual were issued from the girnels at Dunrobin and Ferry Unes to tacksmen and small tenants, to provide meal and seed corn. From outside, a further 2268 bolls were shipped in, at a time when supplies were scarce all over northern Scotland.94 The effort was not enough to stop emigration, but it had serious financial repercussions. The early 1770’s were a 91 Factor’s Ferry Accounts Unes, or showLittle thatFerry, it was was a difficultregularly harbour, used for but grain the Sutherland and meal Mackenzieshipments inon the23 July18th 1772century. that shipmastersJohn Grant, were Charlestown, suspicious told of the Alexander channel offeredand refused high freights.to go to FerryA building Unes atunless Little insured, Ferry iseven still though known theylocally were as ‘ the92 Girnel.’ Arbuthnot He wrote and to Guthrie James hadCampbell applied from to Edinburghtheir correspondents on 17 June in that Peterhead Messrs. toIt provedsend 350 difficult bolls of to meal find andany 200supplies bolls atof allbear in toAberdeenshire Dunrobin immediately. and Banff- shire,600 bolls but ofon meal22 June in the Sutherland south and reported hoped to Campbellget 200-300 that bolls he ofhad bear, secured and formedto ship partboth ofoff the to Ferry1200 bollsUnes shownin a few in days.the Factor’s These Accountssupplies presumably as coming through93 The Peterhead Factor’s Accounts(infra, n. 94).show that the remainder, though nominally Thepaid droverin money, paid wasin a lumpnormally sum metof money by the to deliverythe Tutors’ of cattleEdinburgh to a drover.cashier dividualon his way tenants. from theArdloch trysts, complainedand an average that price a similar was allowed system to was the notin- followed94 with the Assynt tenants (infra, 93-4). bought Some from 300 Barrackbolls were in found Caithness, for sale approximately in Sutherland, 100 400 bollsbolls fromwere remainderCastlehill nearcame Inverness, from the andsouth a :small two quantitycargoes, totallingfrom Easter 200 Ross.bolls, wereThe Peterhead.shipped from Portsoy, and three shiploads, in all 1200 bolls, came through INTRODUCTION XXIX difficult period for the Highland economy, with a decline in cattle prices as the critical factor. On an estate like that of Sutherland, where the greater part of the money rent was met by the delivery of cattle to the drovers, who later paid in cash to the Edinburgh doer on their way home from the trysts, the emergency could be very serious. The victual operations in 1772 cost in all £2200, against a total rental of just over £3000, of which £1870 was nominally paid in cash. To pay for the victual bought in to meet the famine, £1256 had to be sent from Edinburgh, in a year when the drovers had been unable to pay in much from the previous autumn’s droving. Further, though the victual issued to the tenants was not an outright gift, payment for it was not expected until considerably later, and the price charged was well below the cost.95 The result was a severe financial strain on management and tenants alike. Arrears of rent, around £2500 in 1770, had doubled by 1773 and still stood above £4000 a year later.96 The Tutors, with no investment capital or property in the Lowlands, were as a result in some difficulty to meet their obligations.97 It was the embarrassment of this situation, 96 the recipientsThe imported were victual charged cost 12/-. £1800—slightly The whole underoperation 16/- was per valuedboll—and at £2200,96 the rental victual being fixed at an artificially low price. Factor’s The Accountsgross total were is drawn to some up for extent the crop misleading. and year, andThe couldSutherland not be made(infra, up 94) until illustrate well after how the this end practiceof the calendar could year.give aThe deceptive Assynt accountspicture. however,The real maysignificance be partly of explained the arrears by thelies financialin their difficultiessharp rise. of Eventhe factor, this, James97 Alexander Campbell Mackenzie, (infra, n. 98). writing to James Campbell on 31 July 1773, andcomplained that he that was he ‘ excessivelywas pressed dundfor money ’. On to 10meet November the Countess’ he was obligations, in great needCattle of to money answer (‘ at I thishave time none ’); tothe pay, Sutherland As I relyd drovers on the had proceeds paid in nothing of the paidas yet. £150 On andChristmas Lt. Walter Day he Gray reported of Rhian that Charles £300, andGordon the of other Skelpick drovers had nothing,secure the against outstanding Campbell’s rents estimate and send of money£1500 ; tohe Edinburgh ordered Campbell as soon toas drafts,possible. on Campbell26 March was1774, able but to the remit pressure £594.10.10J continued. in cash, Mackenzie and £222.11 wrote in Embarassmenton 20 April: ‘ All in theI can Countess Say is That Affairs the thandisappointment You can possibly will occasion figure, more For besidesMaintenance, other andDemands, I have therenone thatis no I canMoney advance in my for hands that purpose.’to answer her XXX THE SURVEY OF ASSYNT more than anything else, which drove them to take action in 1775 against the factor at Dunrobin, James Campbell, who had fallen far behind with his accounts. Campbell was relieved of his factory, went bankrupt and departed to America.98 Captain Sutherland took over direct manage- ment of the east coast estates, as he was to do for Assynt when Ardloch lost his factory a year later. Famine undoubtedly reinforced a widespread urge to cross the sea, and remedial measures were unlikely to stop the movement. As the Tutors saw the situation, however, there were other forces involved also. Pressure from the landowner was not one of them, for the estate corre- spondence is full of complaints about emigration. The agricultural optimism of the age, the beginnings of a native fishing industry, and the rise of kelp-burning on a large scale, all combined to make the normal landowner reluctant to see his stock of tenants diminish, even if he no longer retained the patriarchal outlook of the old clan chieftains. The Sutherland agents shared this viewpoint. They were also in no doubt as to the rightness of their own actions.99 They deplored emigration—and above all they deplored the part played in it by the tacksmen, whom they singled out as the villains of the situation. The importance of the tacksman as the natural leader of emigration,100 and as its possible financier,101 repeatedly appears in the agents’ letters. The case of Robert Gray of Creich is illuminating. Gray was the largest single tacks- man in Assynt under the 1766 set, and also held tacks in 98 Sutherland Campbell for wasa year discharged and then in wentthe autumnto his father’s of 1774. home He atremained Turrerick. in pointArdloch, of losingwriting his to own Captain factory, Sutherland commented on 26on AugustCampbell’s 1776, fate when : ‘ Factoron the withoutCampbell Collecting Banish’d himselfhis Arrears or was ; SupposingBanished tome America to he ofI knowa knavish not which Dis- Affraidposition that which I shall the followStrain Mr.of yoursCampbells seems example to Insinuate ; I am you to holdneed my not face be to 99all I do as has been my practice hitherto.’100 101 Infra,Captain n. Sutherland110. to Alexander Mackenzie, Supra, n. W.S.,83. Dunrobin, 27 May money1773 : to‘ All buy I shallthe imigrants observe onCattle the whichlist of enables Arrears them is that to putKen: their Scobie dreams has herabout Rent.’ America in execution, yet he has not money to pay the Countess INTRODUCTION XXXI east Sutherland. He became involved with the Tutors in a protracted lawsuit over his rents, which a decreet arbitral in 1773 failed to settle.102 Captain Sutherland suspected him of fomenting emigration. In February 1774 he was believed to have organised a visit to Dornoch by an agent for some Glasgow merchants who wanted ‘ a Cargo of Servants for America next Summer.’103 Ardloch, who had his own difficulties with Gray, alleged that his interest in emigration was purely financial;104 Sutherland considered that he was trying to blackmail the Tutors into giving him preferential treatment.105 More often, however, the tacksman is blamed for emigration in a rather different way. As early as 20 July 1769 the Tutors had reached the conclusion that tacksmen were liable to abuse their tacks and to oppress their sub- tenants ; they106 decided to limit the power of sub-setting in future102 tacks. Captain Sutherland’s comments on the 103 Infra, 92. 1774 :Captain the agent Sutherland concerned to Jameswas one Campbell, ‘ Angus ArdmoreSutherlands in Ross, Son ’4 ; February‘ I wish withEnemys all tomy the heart Country it had a heartybeen contrived drubing forto havetho they got himcannot or anycarry of off those the theTenants Country they and will for with my their own lyes part debauch I think thethe planServants Robert which Gray must and distress Angus theSutherlands American Son Agents, is on isdeserve a Raskally the thanks one and good willthose of allwho the shall Country drub from104 the Countess to the smallest Tenant in the Country.’ ‘ Mr. G.Ardloch pretends to Alexander Great Services Mackenzie, done toW.S., the Ledbeg,Family of22 Sutherland,February 1774 and : mademore toMoney be done, by butemigrations all along alreadyit is his andown isInterest in the heway has of at making heart, hemuch has Trademore by ; Thehis ownstory Confession, of Lieut. MacLeods there being Emigration no person with so well Assent Situat Men for is that not ofTrue, nothing but these declaimingMr. LawyersG. Vants willof hismake Thousands, a handle ofand everything it is Allowed and that105 he got some hundreds by his American Trade.’ am well Captain informd Sutherland that he wrote to James a Friend Campbell, of his Dunrobin, privatly that 17 May if the 1774 Tutors : ‘ I wouldioe ‘ giveThe himTutors a Tack having for onlife, this that occasion he would taken put under an end consideration to emigration.’ the former practice of giving Leases of Extensive farms and Grasings to One TacksmanTenant with commonly a Power Exactsof Subsetting an additional the same Rent whereby from his The Subtenants principal tenentsimposing and heavy detrimental Services andto theOther Improvement Conditions Oppressiveof the Country. to the Sub-The AllTutors Tacks in grantedorder to by remedy them forthese the Evils, future Have shall containunanimously an Express Resolved Seclusion That theof the Proprietor Tenants inAssignies writing Andor Subtenants they Recommend without to Consent Captain of Sutherland the Tutors not or XXX11 THE SURVEY OF ASSYNT would-be emigrants from Strathnaver in February 1772 show the same line of thought reappearing.107 He reported to the Tutors on 11 March 1773 that Charles Gordon of Skelpick ‘ is also a good Tacksman who does not oppress his Subtenants none of whom ever complained against him or emigrated ’ ;108 on the other hand, Robert Gordon of Achness, who was offering to resign his tack, had ‘ much oppressed ’ his subtenants, ‘ most of whom on that account emigrated last year to America.’ The Tutors returned to the subject in the autumn of the same year, with the tide of emigration still flowing strongly, and considered it at length.109 Again the tacksman was singled out, and it to receive or transmit to them any proposals for Leases in any other terms AndSubtenants where LeasesThey Recommend have been alreadyto Captain granted Sutherland to the to Tacksmen enquire and and report their toif anythem Oppressive the Behaviour or undueof these practices Tacksmen of towardsany kind their are Subtenents committed So the as theirTutors protection may redress as well the as same their Encouragementto the outmost toof thetheir industrious power and Possessors Extend in 107whatever Circumstances they are.’ 108 Supra, n. 75. 109 MinuteCf. Jensen, of Tutors,American 30 ColonialNovember Documents, 1773 : this470. minute is important. “‘ Lordthat theHailes avarice Represented of Landlords to the was Tutors the Causethat it of was the publicklyEmigrations reported from possessedSutherland of ”. the He largest set furthEstate that in that as Country,the Countess it might of Sutherlandbe inferred thatwas thatthe Tutors it might by rackingbe of consequence her Rents had to givenhave theCause true to statethe Emigrations— of the facts ascertained.He therefore moved that Instructions be given to Captain Sutherland thepaying Superintendent rent to the Countessforthwith of to Sutherland transmit to who the Tutorshave left a list their of allpossessions Tenants Tenants,since Whitsunday what of them1771, wereAnd marriedthat the menList anddo specifywhat Children the names they of hadthe annuallyrespectively payable at the by time them, of theirhow longquitting that their Rent possessions. had been payable As also and the whatRent theirarrears possessions. were incurred Ordered by them accordingly. previous to their quitting or being moved from of LordSutherland Auchinleck have norepresented power over that the although tenants possessingthe Tutors under of the leases Countess with respectneither preventto their their conduct Removal towards nor theirtheir Emigration,subtenants yetand thattherefore he appre- can hendedGovernment it to mightbe the order duty to of be the made Tutors concerning to promote the causes all enquiries and the Extentwhich of Hethe thereforealarming moved,Emigrations that ofCaptain the inhabitants Sutherland of Sutherland.and the factors on the EstateMajesty’s of servantsSutherland in prosecutionbe instructed of towhatever give all enquiries possible mayassistance be made to hisby themEmigrants. either asOrdered to the causesaccordingly.’ of the Emigrations or as to the number of the INTRODUCTION xxxiii is noteworthy that the Tutors showed no eagerness of any kind to encourage emigration.110 Captain Sutherland was prepared to go even further, and to take steps to curb the tacksmen. The Assynt tacks were due to expire at Whitsunday 1775, and Sutherland paid a visit to the parish in July 1774, whilst Home was working from Ledbeg and Kirkton. On his return to Dunrobin he wrote an important letter, which was laid before the Tutors at their meeting on 26 July, and formed a basis for the policy followed in the 1775 set.111 The 110 from ArdmoreCaptain Sutherlandin Ross, where wrote he tolay James ill : ‘ ItCampbell would be on wrong 8 January to mention 1774 (i.e.out jointin the Tacksmen report requested when they by fall the low Tutors) in their that circumstances we have a poweras it would to turn be reallygiving nevera hint did to anhappen, ill-natured we have Person no whoreason may to see conceal this Report any thing to say in what this manner.’matter and every thing should be reported in the most plain and open ‘ CaptainThe completed Sutherland report having was laid in beforeobedience the Tutorsto the onTutors 22 February Minutes 1774 30th : SutherlandNovember last,certified transmitted by the aMinisters Report concerningof the different the Emigrationparishes, whichfrom TheyReport approve has been of theperused said Report, and considered Direct the by Agent all the to transmitTutors now the present.same to thetheir Lord Proceedings.’ Justice Clerk and to ingross an Abstract thereof in the Record of compilingThomas listsMiller, of emigrants the Lord for Justice the Highlands Clerk, was in generalat this (Graham,period engaged Colonists in fromreport, Scotland, which appears 97-8). toUnfortunately, have been in someno copy respects of Captain more comprehensive Sutherland’s thanMackenzie, those therequired Tutors’ agent,by the failed government, to carry out has the survived;instruction toAlexander enter an abstract111 Captain in their Sutherland Minute-Book. to Alexander Mackenzie, W.S., Dunrobin, the14 JulyInclosed 1774 which: ‘ I arrivedis a Copy last of night what from I left my with Expedition Ardloch towill Assent, convey and to yow,withstanding that I have the variousno aprehensions Arts used ofwith emigration a view no from doubt that to Countrydiminish not- the pleasedRent, now that that they their are toleases have are no out,Tacksmen the poorer over them,sort of and People no wonder, are much for howeverthey have I beenhave squeezedno doubts to about their lastour shillingkeeping byup somethe present of the Tacksmen,Rent, and thereif it shall is only be foundone Farm necessary on that to whole lower Estate the Rent that of I thatthink farm high we rented, can with and greatlaying justice on the lay Rent in upon equally another on the for whole although Farms the of most that equitable parish was manner used atof thein a lastfew settyears yet the there People was of tricks that Countryplayed. willI make be in not a flourishing the least doubtway, they but carriedhave many on with Advantages much Advantage from the to Herring the Country and codif those fishing who which have substancemight be amongtell you the that Tenants the genious would of turn those their seem thoughts to be for that smugling way but which I am Isorry believe to XXXIV THE SURVEY OF ASSYNT intention was to strike a blow at the influence of the tacksmen, and to prevent their oppression of their sub- tenants. As Sutherland’s subsequent comments on the minutes of the set make clear,112 the policy was considered successful. The details of the set illustrate the Tutors’ intentions. Out of 42 farms, 16 were held conj ointly by a number of their inhabitants in 1766, and the remainder by single tacksmen. In 1775 ten more farms became conjoint.113 Some figures are revealing :

1766 1775 1766 1775 1766 1775 SingleConjoint farms farms 1342860-9 acres 1361-2841-7 acres 898820 1398320 £236.£418.4.51 £234.5.£422.13.2 Thus in 1775 almost one-quarter of the Assynt farms Merchantshas been carried in the onAdjacent to a large Countys, extent I indid that not Countrystop at athis Tenants summer house by butthe theirI had wives the offer as good of a glassTea asof LadyRum andSutherland the Tacksmen drinks. drink. . .’ nothing else and Enclosed1st That :the ‘ Copy Account Memorandum for Rent 1773 for beArdloch. made out for Captain Sutherlands oftransmiting October. it to Edinburgh to be laid before the Countess Tutors the first the2dly first An week Exact in listSeptember of those inin Arrearorder that to be legal sent means to Captain may beSutherland used to recover3dly Thatthose allArrears the Tacksmen immediately. and Tenants of the Estate of Assint be posalsacquainted for a renewalimmediately of their that leases Captain between Sutherland this and willthe firstreceive of November,their pro- theirthat theiroffers Proposals shall not be madesent to known him into writingany but and the exceptCountess they Tutors. desire it as 4thlymuch Theland Countess as they canTutors occupy mean by tothemselves accomadate and every their properTacksman Servants with but5thly will allowThat thoseof no Subwho Tenants.shall suffer themselves to be given up in arrear theproposals first ofto SeptemberCaptain Sutherland. need not give themselves the trouble of sending Ledbeg112 11th Jully 1774.’ 113 TheInfra, figure 66. ofThe 42 Tutorsfarms is approved reached byof thereckoning set on Dubh23 June Chlais 1775. and Poll farmsa Gharbh which Bhair became as one farm,conjoint and inInverkirkaig 1775 were: and BadnabanArdvar, Baddidarach, as one. The Badnaban,Lyne, Stronechrubie, Cnoc nan Unapool. Each, Culag,Ledmore Glenleraig, is reckoned Inverkirkaig, as becoming Ledmore, conjoint, singlealthough (infra, in fact 87). one-half remained single ; Tubeg is reckoned as remaining INTRODUCTION XXXV passed from single to conjoint hands. They contained over 23% of the total infield and almost 34% of the total population, and produced over 29% of the 1775 rent. The result was to make Assynt predominantly a land of conjoint tacks held by small tenants ; in most cases, the great majority of the inhabitants of a farm were tenants.114 To achieve this, Captain Sutherland’s instructions had been carried out. By 1775 very few tacksmen held more than one farm.115 Those who did were in possession of wintering grounds which supplemented their main farms. Kenneth Scobie of Achmore held Little Assynt and Rientraid; Kenneth Mackenzie of Inchnadamph had a half-share of Tubeg; the minister of Assynt held Torbreck; and Ardloch himself had Filin. All were specifically noted by Home as being good grazing ground and well-suited for wintering stock from the Heights of Assynt.116 Further, the tacks remaining in single hands did not carry a large population. Seven of the farms which became conjoint in 1775 had more than 50 inhabitants, but none of those remaining single reached that figure.117 In all but one case, also, the tacksman was resident.118 The financial changes are equally revealing. In 1766 the Assynt rents119 increased to £654.4.54 from the 1759 figure of £555.0.54. The 1775 increase was a mere £2.13.9. A larger figure would have been surprising in the financial difficulties of the 1770’s. The rise in 1766 had been 114 tenants In inseven 1775 out was of two the tenor less. farms, In the Glenleraig excess of there households were 14 in tenants1774 over as otheragainst hand, 18 households, in Unapool and there in Ardvarwere 15 12 tenants tenants as to against 16 households 11 households ; on the a year116 beforeIn 1766 (infra, Robert 80-1, Gray 72-3, of 88). Creich and Kenneth Mackenzie of Inchna- damph114 Cf. had Old each Statistical held four Account, tacks. xvi, 164. The house in which the editor grew117 upKirkton in Lochinver (48), Achmore was still (40), known Ledmore as Tigh (40), na OldanyFilin. (38), Elphin (33) waswere a the special only case, single and tacks Ledbeg with was substantial Ardloch’s populations own residence, in 1775. where Kirktonhe kept nine118 servantsKenneth (infra, Scobie 83). of Achmore may have lived at Scourie (O.S.A., xvi,119 181). salmon These fishings. figures do not take account of milns, multures, spirit licences or XXXVI THE SURVEY OF ASSYNT avowedly designed to bring the revenue up to a figure at which it would meet the public burdens on the estate and give a 5% return on Lady Strathnaver’s purchase price. Even so, it probably did no more than keep pace with the rise in Highland prosperity. The tiny rise in 1775, however, was secured by a disproportionately large adjustment of the rents of a few farms, most of them members of the group which changed from single to conjoint tenure. The farms which were already conjoint in 1766 decreased in rent by £4.9 ;120 those which remained single in 1775 decreased by £12.19.54 ;i2i but those which changed from single to conjoint increased by £20.2.24.122 Captain Sutherland’s proposed policy was thus carried through. He reported that the new rents were well- received, and thought to be reasonable. The inference is clearly that the tacksmen had been rack-renting their sub-tenants ; if this had not been the case, the rise in rents on the farms becoming conjoint would have been objected to. The effect of the new situation upon emigration is less easy to assess. Sutherland was convinced that it would relieve the pressure, but larger events prevented this view being put to the test. The outbreak of the American War of Independence checked the flow of emigrants for a full decade, and when the movement was resumed the situation had altered considerably. But the connection between diagnosis and remedy in Assynt is clear. iv The administration of the Assynt estate at the time of Home’s survey lay in the hands of Alexander Mackenzie of Ardloch, tacksman of Ledbeg and Filin.123 Ardloch 120 Clachtoll increased by £2.8 : Culkein decreased by £2.14, Achna- carnin121 Tubeg by £2.5, increased and Brackloch by 10/-: by £1.18Achmore (infra, decreased 62-3). by £8, Oldany by £4, 4Bad a’ Ghrianan by 15/-, Badar a Chalda by 10/-, and Elphin by 4/5122 (ibid.).Ardvar increased by £5.10, Stronechrubie by £4.3.4, Ledmore by £4.1, Glenleraig8 by £4, Culag by £2, Inverkirkaig and Badnaban by darach£1.12.10 and, and Unapool Cnoc remainednan Each unchangedby 15/-: Lyne(ibid.). decreased by £2 : Baddi- INTRODUCTION XXXVll was an old man, who had held tacks in Assynt for 40 years.124 By descent and by temperament he was a tacksman, who had steered his way through the fall of the Mackenzie lairds and the period of sequestration. He had old connection with the Sutherland family,125 and the Countess’ father had appointed him factor in 1759 ; the Tutors reappointed him on 11 December 1766. His corre- spondence,126 and his accounts as factor,127 suggest that he met his obligations honestly but interpreted them rather freely. We find him explaining patiently to Mackenzie of Del vine, the Earl’s Edinburgh agent, that it was easier said than done to send money to a creditor at Fort 123 of Ardloch The familyand Kinellan, of Ardloch fourth was son descended of Sir John from Mackenzie Alexander of Tarbat, Mackenzie who had a sasiner of lands in the barony of Coigach in June 1654 (P.R.S. Inver- ness,1876), 7, i, 216Ixiv.): Thefor accounthim see of W. his Fraser, family givenEarls inof Mackenzie,Cromartie (Edinburgh,Mackenzies, long564-5, before is inaccurate 1736, the in date some given respects. by Mackenzie. Alexander His I ofson Ardloch John II was received dead aCromalt, wadset Aultnachie,of Ledmore, Cnoc Ledbeg, nan Each, Lyne, Druim Stronechrubie, Suardalain Elphin, and Dubh Knockan, Chlais from Kenneth Mackenziev of Assynt on 19, 31 May and 10 June 1726 was(P.R.S. still Inverness, alive on 68, June 344 1733). The (infra, date n. of 124), John’s but death his son is unknown.Alexander wasHe Johnstyled Mackenzie ‘ of Ardloch of ’Ardloch on a bill was drawn involved by Lady in the Assynt Forty on Five 3 May (List 1736. of Persons One Cromartie,Concerned inii, the398 Rebellion ; Prisoners (Scot. of Hist.the Forty Soc., Five, 1890), iii, 330-1 124). ; Fraser,Unless Earlsthe age of givenJohn IIin of Prisoners Ardloch. of Itthe is moreForty likelyFive thatis incorrect, it was his this third cannot son, alsohave named been JohnJohn, II’swho second witnessed son, the who disposition witnessed in the n. sasine124 infra. taken Kenneth on this disposition,Mackenzie, was,Inverkirkaig according (infra, to a noten. 177). on a rentalJohn ofII’s Assynt eldest for son 1766, was the Alexander tacksman the of alsofactor. confused. The list Roderick of Alexander’s (called childrensixth son given by Mackenzie)by Mackenzie, witnessed op. cit., his is Johnfather’s (called account seventh as factor son) witnessedfor 1768 under as eighth the designationson on the accounts ‘ ninth son for ’,1768, and 1769124 and 1770. Knockan, His father,Elphin, JohnLedmore II of and Ardloch, Lyne ondisponed 6 June to1733 him (P.R.S. his own Inverness, tack of 8, 125663v). He married Margaret, daughter of Captain Robert Sutherland of Langwell1732, Ardloch in Caithness. undertook Byto createthe marriage for her ancontract, annuity dated of 525 16 merks September Scots, Sutherland,in the event theof her grandfather surviving ofhim. Countess Lord Strathnaver,Elizabeth, took later burden William, on himselfEarl of that126 thisHis wouldletters be to fulfilled.John Mackenzie of Delvine are in Nat. Lib. Scot. MS. 1319. Infra, Appendix B. xxxviii THE SURVEY OF ASSYNT Augustus,128 pointing out the difficulties of getting payment for rents from tenants whose only wealth was cattle,129 and showing a proper caution when it was suggested that east coast fishers might improve the methods used to catch the Assynt salmon.130 Remote from supervision, and with little in the parish on which to spend the revenues, Ardloch’s chief function was to remit cash—or drafts on cash—to the Edinburgh cashier. The problem years of the mid-decade made this task more difficult. The changing attitude of the Tutors to the tacks- men made the situation no easier, and clouded Ardloch’s last years as factor. Possibly the Tutors, who had in- herited him from the days of Earl William, always had reservations about him. As early as 1769 they were prepared to accept his resignation,131 which he more than once threatened to give. In the end Ardloch, like many of his class in 18th-century Scotland, broke himself on the wheel of the law. He became involved in a furious lawsuit with one of his fellow-tacksmen, Robert Gray of Creich, the arch-organiser of emigration. In the grip of this dispute—ironically enough caused by an attempt to collect Gray’s arrears of rent132—Ardloch fell further and further i2s ‘ it is,’ he wrote on 17 January 1771, 4 easyer to go from Inverness toany Edinburgh case, to go thanto such from expense here to on Fort a yearly Augustus salary ’ of; he£15 was (Nat. not Lib. prepared, Scot. MS. in 1319,129 The21). only way to collect arrears, he wrote to Delvine on 20 January 1765, short 4of waiting until the summer, would be to poind the tenants’ milk130 cows,The Assynt which salmonis taking fishings their Bread were froma recurrent their Teeth worry ’ (ibid., to the 39). estate Ardlochmanagers retorted (infra, 93).that 4 Delvineone or twowas ofanxious these skilfulto try men,new techniques,with their Newand Scot.fashioned MS. Tackling’1319, 26). shouldDelvine, be sentwriting to putto Dugald matters Gilchrist, to the test the (Nat. factor Lib. at Dunrobin, on 1 September4 1760, was prepared to agree, though for rather Cornersdifferent andreasons requires : Any the thing Countenance that’s new and is apthelp to of be men ill receiv’d of better In remoteunder- standingGospell have than not meer Been fishermen the persons who tho’intended they towere Improve us’d for the propagating advantage of 131Salmond Rivers with which Sutherland Abounds.’ A memorial from Ardloch asking for an increase4 in salary was refused onDemitt 20 July they 1769, will acceptand the his Tutors resignation.’ stated that if the Factor is inclined to Isa infrat 92. In his attempts to collect the arrears, Ardloch appears arrears,to have andproclaimed to have atwarned the door Gray’s of thesubtenants Kirk of thatAssynt their that com Gray and was cattle in INTRODUCTION XXXIX behind with his accounts.133 He tried to charge his personal legal expenses against the Assynt revenues, with the inevitable result. Though Captain Sutherland was personally sympathetic,134 the Tutors rejected Ardloch’s accounts for 1774.135 He never submitted them again, and no accounts for 1775 exist. Ardloch’s factory was with- drawn in September 1776, and the flood of eloquence with which he had defended his actions ceased.136 The Tutors this,on the and ground was successful were hypothecated by a narrow for majority the rent. (five Gray to four)took inlegal the action Court onof andSession expenses. in November He claimed 1773 ; thatArdloch the Tutorswas found should liable relieve in £150 him damages of this, authority.whilst they Whenappear he to asked have for taken relief theon 26view December that he 1774, had theyexceeded increased his his133 salary from £15 to £30, but did not accept his main contention. July 1773,The account and that for for 1770 1772 was in fittedSeptember in February 1774. The1772, account that for for 1771 1773, in withDecember a large 1774, debit but of morethat thanfor 1774 £150, did was not fitted reach comparatively the Tutors untilquickly, June in 1776,134 and was never fitted. ‘ Ardloch Captain the factorSutherland gave reportedhim every to assistancethe Tutors he on expected 15 January in the 1776 Sett that of humblythat Estate, suggested Notwithstanding That the Tutors that itshould was a takemanifest the poorloss toMans himself situation And Tutorsunder theirAllow consideration Ardloch to take And Credite save him in hisin hisAccounts old days for from25 guineas ruin—The as a Recompense135 for his Service in said Sett.’ Account Minute of the of Rents 24 June of Assint 1776 for: ‘the The year Agent 1774 laid lodg’d before by Mr. the Mckenzie Tutors anof CaptainArdloch tothe the Factor, Agent, with someCaptain Correspondence Sutherland, twixtand Captaintransmitted Sutherland, by the AccountArdloch andthat thethe AgentFactor relativetakes Credite thereto for : threeAnd assums it appearsof £150, from£111.10.6 said andRobert £11.3.6 Gray as which damages the Tutorsand expences cannot admittincurred as by proper him articlesin a proces of Credit with Sutherlandwith their Pupiland the And Agent as the insists Factor on thesein his articles Correspondence being allowed with him, Captain and ofhas that neither Year, lodg’d tho’ histhere Account is reason for torent believe 1775 norhe haspaid intromitted up any of thewith rents the Ardlochgreatest partAnd thereofto Authorize The Tutors Captain Resolve Sutherland to recall to uplifttheir Factorythe Rents from of Assintbetwixt along and with(sic) the rents20th Augustof the Pupils next alterother the Estate said unlessAccount Ardloch by leaving shall outCashier said What3 articles part Andof the also Rent lodge 1775 his heAccount has received for rent with 1775 the And ballance pay the of rentMackenzie 1774.’ onArdloch 11 July refused 1776, to 4 lookcomply like : Suicide‘ it would,’ in mehe wroteto Assent to Alexander to that Measure.’136 the Tutors Ardloch had alternated failed to betweensupport attackshim. On on 23Gray, December and complaints 1773, shortly that after the Court4 of Session decision against him, he wrote to Alexander ThatMackenzie: Rich Nobleman If the K- had had before withdrawn now Fallen his Favoura Prey tofrom the the Malice Earl of of Mr. B. xl THE SURVEY OF ASSYNT made some attempts to force him to pay his arrears, but these had made no progress when Ardloch died on 21 May 1778. He left no funds except Earl William’s bond for £700,137 which the Tutors were seeking to reduce. His widow’s legal agent, producing her marriage contract, requested the Tutors to honour the Countess’ grandfather’s obligation of 1732, and to their credit they agreed.138 Until she died in April 1783 Margaret Mackenzie was paid £14.11.8 at each Martinmas and Whitsunday. But already Captain Sutherland had taken over the factory of Assynt; the day of the tacksman-factor was over. v The ‘ List of Inhabitants of the Parish of Assynt,’ com- piled in November 1774, must be related to Captain Sutherland’s plans for the set of 1775, though no evidence survives to identify the actual writer. Webster, 19 years HonourW- who andwas Dignitynot worth to aForsake Shilling, his But Faithfull it was inconsistentServant in Distress.with the K-sSic ParvisGray) doescomponere me the Magna Honour Solitam.’ likewise toAgain, Cry meon 22,up Februaryas a Man 1774of Opulence : ‘ (Mr. atand any power, period I’m of sorry my Life,this is Yet Equally I have false been with hitherto the Rest, a Stranger I was never to want, Rich MonsterIf Mr. Gray poverty, gets themore Former Terrible Judgement than Death Affirm’d ; to Mr. I mostGray thenI never face ow’d that a penny,Creditors and unpaid to let would him Run be a awayHighnous with Sinmy ThereforeLittle all, whenand leave the process my Just is mattersfinally determin’d had come tolet a mehead, be heacquainted.’ even quoted On Horace 26 August to Captain 1766, Suther- when Dayland : I ‘ standIn regard in theto mySituation doings forrecommended the Family fromby the the Poet—Hie beginning toMums this aeneus187 esto : nil conscire sibi, nulla pallescere culpa.’ 138 Infra,Minute 93. of 21 November 1778 : ‘ The Agent laid before the Meeting a ArdlochLetter from dated Roderick 20th July McLeod last Covering Agent for Copy the widowContract of ofMr. Marriage Mackenzie twixt of ArdlochStrathnaver) and thehis Countess’swife in which Grandfather William takesEarl burdenof Sutherland on him for(then Ardloch Lord Andto pay Mr. his MacLeod wife an annuity Represents of 525 that merks Ardloch in case died of her 21 survivingMay last her and husband left no fundsTherefore except demands a Bond payment by the oflate said Earl annuity of Sutherland either in forEdinburgh £700 Sterling, or the theCountry. half years The annuity Tutors authorizepayable to Captain her at SutherlandMartinmass to last pay on Mrs. her Mackenzie discharge thereafterand assignation during to her the life.’ Countess, and to Continue to pay her half yearly INTRODUCTION xli before, had been helped by the parish minister,139 but it is unlikely that the new minister of Assynt, William Mackenzie, had a hand in the 1774 list. His estimates of population in the Old Statistical Account140 differ so widely from the 1774 figures that they can hardly come from the same source. The ‘ List of Inhabitants ’ is detailed, but not entirely straightforward. Some entries are wrongly added up,141 some have been imperfectly transcribed from a rough copy,142 and some must remain ambiguous.143 More seriously, its use of names presents difficulties, as an attempt to correlate it with the lists of tenants given in the 1775 rental shows. Even allowing for the greater use of patro- nymics and descriptive names in the ‘ List of Inhabitants,’ and for the deaths which must have occurred in the months between the compilation of the two documents, it is still clear that names sat lightly on many of the people of Assynt. An outstanding case in point is Nedd, where three Mackenzies in the ‘ List of Inhabitants ’ do not appear in the rental, and three McRaes bearing the same Christian names take their places.144 With these qualifications, however, the figures given by the ‘ List of Inhabitants ’ remain important. Their most striking feature is the corrective which they apply to Webster’s totals. The contrast may not be entirely fair, for emigration must be taken into account. But, just as the census of 1801 corrects the inflated estimates of the Old Statistical Account,li5 so the List of Inhabitants modifies Webster, reducing his total of 1934 inhabitants to 1718. Taking into account the general rise in Highland population which went on all through the second half of the 18th 139 140 O.S.A.,See Scottish xvi, Population199. Mackenzie Statistics estimated (Scot. Hist.that the Soc., population 1952). had been 2250141 in 1766, and had risen by the time of writing to 3000. 142 Infra, 69. 143 Infra, 7272 (Achnacamin), (Achnacamin :76 Kenneth (Clashnessie). Mackenzie), 85 (Nedd : Murdo Macdonald).144 146 Infra, 85. Fraser There Darling, are Westconvenient Highland tables Survey of Highland (Oxford, 1955).population statistics in F. d xlii THE SURVEY OF ASSYNT century, the actual population of Assynt in 1755 must have been well below Webster’s figure. This is significant, for it has always been accepted that a dominant factor in the social and economic upheaval in the Highlands between 1770 and 1850 was the upsurge in population. Its relation- ship to the linked phenomena of emigration and agri- cultural change is not easily elucidated, but that it had a far-reaching effect cannot be doubted. The Assynt evidence suggests that the upsurge was even sharper and more overwhelming than previously thought, as the following table shows : 1755t 1774* 1801$ 1811$ 1861$ Population Population1861 population as percentage of ‘ List of Inhabitants.’ Closer analysis of the evidence is difficult. One feature is the high proportion of servants to the total population.14® Some tacksmen kept considerable households,147 and many of the small tenants also had servants.148 Their numbers make it impossible to determine closely the average size of families, for most if not all of the servants must have been the elder children of other families in the parish (in partic- ular, of the non-tenant families). The figures suggest that the average household contained two or three children; many families were, of course, much larger than this,149 but they were balanced by the small households of widows and such isolated figures as Alexander Mackenzie, the 116 for 27 287 inhabitants out of a totalcannot of be1718 assigned ; the figurewith certaintywas probably to any slightly group higher,(infra. Appendix147 Ardloch A, Table had 5,nine passim). servants (infra, 83), William Mackenzie the 85),minister and had Kenneth eight (infra, Scobie 82), atMrs. Achmore Jean Mackay (infra, at Oldany71) and eight Kenneth (infra, Mackenzie148 At Drumheg, at Elphin (infra,five out 80) ofsix seveneach. households contained servants (infra,149 There 79), and were at twoUnapool families eight of out eight of elevenchildren (infra, (infra, 88). 71 : Achmelvich, Lochand 74:Beannach), Clachtoll), and intwo all 13of ofseven six children. (infra, 71 : Achmore, and 84: INTRODUCTION xliii bachelor pedlar at Culag.150 Unfortunately, there is no way of deciding whether the compiler followed any con- sistent policy in classifying children. Occasionally he named another male in addition to the head of the family,151 but it is difficult to believe that only the 315 named males were of full age. The distribution of the population is more revealing. By far the greater number lived in the coastal farms,152 which held 1175 inhabitants—68% of the total—as against 543 in the inland farms.153 While 11 coastal farms had populations of 50 or over,154 only two exceeded that figure inland.155 The concentration of population was particularly heavy in the farms on the Point of Stoer, and along the coast northwards from Drumbeg to Unapool. Inland, only the limestone patches around the Kirk of Assynt and in the Elphin-Ledbeg area showed anything approaching the same density. As we shall see later, the pattern of agricultural use and landholding matches this picture. Macleods and Mackenzies, taken together, far exceeded the other named inhabitants. 138 Macleods and 91 Mackenzies comprised 59%,156 and in only five farms157 did neither name appear. But the wide use of patronymics and descriptive names makes such figures tentative. At Oldany—to take only one instance—where three out of six named residents were Mackays, it is quite possible that the remaining three names conceal Macleods or Mackenzies. 160 161 E.g.Infra, father77. (infra, 73 : Baddidarach), brother (infra, 78 : Culkein),162 Achmelvich, brother (infra, Achnacamin, 79 : Culkein Ardvar, Drumbeg). Baddidarach, Balchladich, Drumbeg,Clachtoll, Clashmore,Filin, Glenleraig, Clashnessie, Inver, Culag,Inverkirkaig Culkein, and Culkein Badnaban, Drumbeg, Nedd, Oldany,153 Achmore, Rientraid, Aultnachie, Stoer, Torbreck, Bad a’ Ghrianan, Unapool. Brackloch, Cnoc nan Each, aCromalt, Chalda, Druim Elphin, Suardalain, Inchnadamph, Dubh ChlaisKirkton, and Knockan, Poll a Gharbh Ledbeg, Bhair, Ledmore, Eadar Little154 Assynt, Loch Beannach, Lyne, Stronechrubie, Tubeg. Achmelvich Clashnessie (79); (103);Clachtoll Ardvar (78) ; (90);Clashmore Glenleraig (72); Culag(90); (72);Stoer Inver-(83); kirkaig165 and Badnaban (65); Unapool (58) ; Culkein (56): infra, 68-9. 158 LedmoreThe total (76);is 384, Stronechrubie obtained by taking(52) : ibid.all names given in at least one of 157the Cromalt, two lists. Filin, Inver, Oldany, Poll a Gharbh Bhair and Dubh Chlais. xliv THE SURVEY OF ASSYNT Alan Bane has a descriptive name, Donald MacHomash the miller is given a patronymic only, and Alexander Mckolvichomash is in all probability the miller’s son.158 With such imprecise evidence, and remembering that the spelling of both the ‘ List of Inhabitants ’ and the rental suggests the work of non-Gaelic-speakers, it is dangerous to argue too far. It may be suggested, however, that Mackenzies tended to concentrate on the coast from Clashmore round to Unapool, whilst proportionately more Macleods lived on the inland farms and around Lochinver Bay. Two smaller groupings may be noticed—McRaes in Glenleraig and Nedd, and Kerrs in Achmelvich, Clachtoll and Stoer. The remaining names show considerable variety, from Campbell to Sinclair, with a Douglas 159 and and a Kelly 160 for good measure. Clearly Assynt was not a homogeneous clan country. vi Home’s survey, taken in conjunction with the ‘ List of Inhabitants ’ and the rental of 1775, makes it clear that the distinction between coastal and inland farms was a fundamental fact in the agriculture of Assynt. The figures shown opposite are a starting-point.161 These figures cannot be pressed too far. As Home himself made clear, the infield totals are higher than the actual amount of ground tilled, for they take in ‘ all within the dykes,’162 including the stances of houses, baulks and other obstructions—often a considerable proportion of the total.163 Again the frequent mention of shielings under 158 Infra, 85 169 Infra, 87 : Stronechrubie. 161iso infra, 72 : Achmore. areas Theto the following nearest tablestenth haveof an been acre obtained; the totals by reducingtherefore thediffer individual slightly from162 those given in the Summary (infra, 50-1). 168 As at Knockan (infra, 32). 1 and Farmstead At Achmelvich the greatest the infield part ofwas which on consistseach side of of Rocky the marish Baulks Groundso that onlythe lowerabout infield one halfwas canonly be one-third keept in tillabletillage ’ (infra, 3).4). AtPart Achmore, of the (infra,Clachtoll 12). arable was so rocky that only one quarter could be worked INTRODUCTION xlv xlvi THE SURVEY OF ASSYNT corn.166 makes it difficult to assess the comparative values of the shielings ; some of the remote inland ones can have been only summer pastures, but others, as at Oldany, were really detached parts of the infield.167 On balance, however, the infield figures must give an exaggerated picture of the arable resources both of the farms and of the individual tenants. The distinction between the coastal and inland farms nevertheless emerges clearly. The coastal farms had slightly more infield than the inland farms, and paid slightly more rent; but they had little over half the total area of the inland farms, and they supported twice as many inhabitants. The contrast is even more striking if we remove from the group of coastal farms the five which remained single tacks in 1775. Three of these—Filin, Rientraid and Torbreck—were grazing grounds attached to large inland tacks,168 Inver was a small farm worked by two families only, and Mrs. Jean Mackay’s farm of Oldany was the only substantial member of the group. At the same time we may separate the inland farms into nine conjoint tacks 169 and eleven single,170 as shown opposite. The inland single farms were clearly the best endowed with land, and the coastal conjoint farms the worst. Even is® Four of the six shielings at Brackloch were ‘ frequently in Com ’ (infra, 12). At Clashnessie half or one-third of the nine shielings were annuallyyield of corn in comgot from(infra, the 15).parent The infield shielings of Inver of (infra,Ardroe 29). gave Shielings twice the in Oldany.com were Atalso Clashmore found at a Achmelvich,former shieling Achmore, had even Ardvar, been incorporated Clashmore intoand the167 infield Mrs. (infra,Mackay 13). of Oldany kept a servant who moved from shieling to shieling168 Filin to wastake held care by of Ardloch the corn the (infra, factor, 43). Torbreck by William Mackenzie theeach minister, case stressed and Rientraidthe importance by Kenneth of the Scobiepastures. of Achmore.Thus, at RientraidHome in which‘ there isis labouredno more Groundby the People keept inwho tillage herd but the theCattle Infield for theirabout Master, the Houses who allows169 them to labour so much as pays them for their trouble ’ (infra, 43). a Gharbh Brackloch, Bhair, Cnoc Knockan, nan Each, Ledmore, Druim Suardalain, Loch Beannach, Dubh Chlais Lyne and Polland Stronechrubie.170 Elphin, Achmore, Inchnadamph, Aultnachie, Kirkton, Bad a’Ledbeg, Ghrianan, Little Cromalt, Assynt, Eadar Tubeg. a Chalda, The itsinclusion subdivisions) of Kirkton was affectsthe glebe the proper figures and for paidrent, no as rent.half of Camore (one of INTRODUCTION xlvii xlviii THE SURVEY OF ASSYNT Ledmore, the most populous of the inland farms, had 124-1 acres per family, and 5-6 acres inland, though only 1-9 acres of shieling ground. By contrast Clashnessie, the most populous coastal farm, had 65-2 acres per family, with 4-2 acres infield and 2-5 acres shieling ground. At crowded Glenleraig there was only l-7 acres per family. Also, many of the inland conjoint farms had small populations; four were occupied by less than five tenants. Averages are thus less meaningful in their cases. The broad distinction that emerges is between an arable coastal region already heavily populated and pushing up against the limits of its resources, and a largely pastoral interior. Home’s comments reinforce this picture. He paid considerable attention to the importance of the fishings as an extra source of income and employment on the coast,171 and noticed also three instances of potato cropping there 172—a portent of the future. Inland, on the other hand, he was more inclined to remark on the pasture grounds.173 His comments on Kenneth Scobie’s experiments at Little Assynt are particularly relevant.174 Without souming figures, which do not survive, it is impossible to be precise, but it is hard to avoid the con- clusion that the coastal farms—apart from the wintering grounds—relied on their arable ground for subsistence and on small stocks of black cattle for the payment of rent, whilst the large inland single tacks specialised in the raising of cattle for the southern markets. They formed, in fact, one of the headstreams of the droving industry, and it may be noticed that a professional drover like Charles Gordon of Skelpick considered it worth his while to take a tack of remote Rientraid in 1766. 171 As at Baddidarach (infra, 9), Balchladich (infra, 11), Culkein Drumbeg (infra,172 19), Unapool (infra, 49), and in particular Inver (infra, 28-9). (infra, At 44). Culag The (infra,only inland18), Culkeinfarm for Drumbeg which potatoes (infra, were19) andmentioned Stoer was173 Ledbeg At Inchnadamph (infra, 34). (infra, 28), Kirkton (infra, 31-2) and Strone- chrubie174 (infra, 45-6). not usually Infra, cut37). in theFrom parish. these Referencescomments to it meadow would grassseem arethat uncommon. hay was Atclassed Cromalt, under wherethe head there of shielingswere no (infra,proper 16). shielings, the meadows were INTRODUCTION xlix The congestion of the coastal area can be shown more clearly still. Although Home at times described various coastal farms as being held by one or two tacksmen with subtenants, this is probably a misconception. At Stoer, for example, he named Alexander and John Munro as principal tenants,175 but the 1775 rental shows each of these men paying only one-tenth of the rent.176 John Mackenzie at Clashmore, whom Home called ‘ principal tacksman,’ paid only one-eighth of the rent.177 Both Stoer and Clashmore were already conjoint tacks in 1766. At Inverkirkaig Ardloch’s brother, Kenneth Mackenzie, who had been sole tacksman in 1766, paid half the 1775 rent ;178 this is a less straightforward case, for Mackenzie must have retained a good deal of his old authority after 1775.179 But the 1766 tacks, which survive at Dunrobin, make it clear that conjoint tacks were a reality. The Earl expected that the small tenants should carry their own burdens, and insisted that they find cautioners for their payment of their rents.180 The relationship between tenants and inhabitants, however, is not always easy to establish. At Druim Suardalain, for example, there were four families in 1774 and three tenants in 1775, but only two names appear on both lists.181 At Unapool, 11 families in 1774 must be set against 15 tenants in 1775, and only nine names coincide.182 1,6 176 Infra, 44. 177 Infra, 86. 178 Infra, 75. 179 Infra,Stronechrabie 81. was a similar case. Murdo Mackenzie, sole tacksman in j8°1766, The paid tack the of equivalent Knockan, ofsigned 80 out at of Dunrobin 160 merks on in 15 1775 October (infra, 1765, 87). was given to Ardloch in name and behalf of, and as burden-taker for, Angus McLeod,McLeod andNiel Normand McLeod, Ker, William present McLeod, tenants Alexanderand possessors McLeod, of Knockan. Donald tenantsIt was to to run preserve for nine the years, woods at anand annual prevent rent them of £20. being Ardloch cut or bounddestroyed the withoutAldnuagh, the toEarl’s which licence the intack writing, astricted and to them. carry theirWhere corns applicable, to the miln the of minerals1766 tacks and reserved quarries the of right stone of andkelp-gathering marble, and and all burning, pearls foundall mines, and fished.181 182 Infra, 88.79. 1 THE SURVEY OF ASSYNT At overcrowded Glenleraig, four families present in 1774 are missing in the next year.183 This may simply indicate the presence of subtenants, but it may be significant that two of the missing names—Donald and Alexander McRae— may be equated with two new tenants—Donald and Alexander Bain—who appear at Unapool.184 Local migration of this sort, together with deaths, makes any detailed picture difficult. Possibly the total figures are revealing : on 26 conjoint tacks there were 280 families recorded in 1774 and 248 tenants in 1775.185 However severe the pressure of population, it did not reveal itself in the creation of a landless class of squatters. Most families in Assynt lived on conjointly-held tacks, and the vast majority were headed by actual rent-payers. Stoer may serve to illustrate the whole position. There were 14 families living on the farm, and of these 11 were headed by rent-paying tenants. One tenant paid a fifth of the rent, five paid a tenth each, two paid three-fortieths each, and three paid a twentieth each ; 186 one of the three non-tenant households comprised a widow and her two children. Infield was relatively extensive, the 79-3 acres providing an average of 5-7 acres per family, though it was scattered between two main fields and seven smaller pieces.187 There were six shielings, giving an average of 2-8 acres per family, but these were some distance from the houses and were seldom in corn. The hill pasture, at 1600 acres, was more generous than on many of the other coastal farms. With the fishings and the breaking-in of 183 Glenleraig Infra, {infra,80-1. It26), may whilst be noticedthe ‘ List that of Home Inhabitants noted ’16 recorded families 18.at Some184 degree of seasonal migration cannot be ruled out. Rientraid It is inalso 1774 possible {infra, that86), wereDonald the andmen Johnof the Mackenzie,same name livingwho had at a share185 The in figurethe conjoint of 248 tack tenants of Unapool is slightly in themisleading. 1775 set {infra,Strictly, 88). it is the Achmelvichtotal of tenancies {infra, ; 71),four ofArdvar these {infra,were held72), byClachtoll two tenants {infra, jointly 75) and(at Unapool186 {infra, 88)). shared Infra, in precisely86. It would these beproportions. unwise to assumeSouming that for the cattlearable wasland alsowas involved.187 Infra, 44. INTRODUCTION new ground with potatoes,188 Stoer had greater reserves than most farms. We can only regret that neither Home’s comments nor any of the other evidence has anything to tell us of its intricate communal life. Indeed, our picture of Assynt in the 1770’s remains a limited one. The rental of 1775 indicates that the alloca- tion of rent was governed by the antique proportions of the ‘ old rent,’ but it shows us nothing of the process by which each group of conjoint tacksmen adjusted their individual proportions. Home too was reticent, or unobservant. He conscientiously described the agricultural qualities of the farms, suggested possible improvements,189 and made a few tantalising references to the techniques used. He noticed that the limestone outcrop was being worked at Ledbeg, and—probably not unconnected—that the nearby wood at Loch Awe had been recently cut down.190 Once, at Achna- carnin, he showed that the idea of sheep-farming was in his mind, though it was to be two decades before the great invasion began in earnest.191. At Oldany he described the cas-chrbm with some incredulity ;192 although he was con- vinced that horse-ploughing might be introduced to the coastal farms with success,193 he acknowledged that the infield at Oldany yielded heavy crops. But only rarely did he mention farming arrangements, as in a casual reference to runrig at Kirkton, and then in terms which suggest that it was already falling into disuse.194 It is difficult to believe that runrig did not exist elsewhere in the parish, but there is no hint of this in Home’s text. And for the houses, 188 189 AsInfra, at Clashmore44. (infra, 13-4), Glenleraig (infra, 26), Inver (infra, 29) and190 Oldany (infra, 42-3). 191 Infra, 34-5. On 10 Infra, March 6. Captain1775 he Sutherlandwrote to Mackenziewas interested of Delvinein south-country : ‘ You’ll sheep. give directionswanted of theto fixLinton a price Sheep to atthe Dunkeld. hundred . . Ewes. This withtryal theirof Sheep Lambs I intend that to I Tenants,make is with more a Viewthan anyto introduce profit I thatcan makeusefull from Animal them among myself the ’ ; Countesshe also wanted192 to buy a collie dog and bitch (Nat. Lib. Scot. MS. 1485, 248). 198 Infra, 42. 194 Infra,At Clachtoll 31. See (infra, also 13)infra, and 38 Oldany (Loch (infra,Beannach). 43). lii THE SURVEY OF ASSYNT the clothes, the day to day life of the people of Assynt, the sketches attached to his plans are more revealing than his words. What little he does tell us confirms the general outlines of our picture. Assynt was a remote and unspecialised land. The ‘ List of Inhabitants ’ shows a population almost exclusively occupied in agriculture. Craftsmen were rare : two weavers,195 a smith,196 a tailor 197 and a carpenter 198 are the only ones mentioned. If we add three grass- keepers,199 five millers,200 a travelling pedlar,201 the cathe- chist at Clashmore 202 and the minister, we have all those whose occupations are specified. Home himself thought that the absence of a ‘ mechanic ’ was a deficiency,203 and his predecessor’s illness had sent messengers scurrying to Tain. When the minister of Assynt built himself a new manse in 1771, he brought in a master mason from outside. Most materials had to be imported also: the heavy timbers came from Ross,204 small dressed wood from a tacksman in Coigach, nails and glue from a merchant baillie of Tain, glass from Inverness, and two wheelbarrows from Edinburgh.205 Beyond black cattle, herring and salmon, Assynt had little of its own to offer the outside world. Home, meticulous and tenacious, was as little im- pressed by his natural surroundings as by the life of the inhabitants. He was enthusiastic, in a practical way,

196 196 At Culag (infra, 77) and Inverkirkaig (infra, 81). 197 At Dubh Chlais (infra, 80). 198 At Knockan (infra, 83). 199 At StoerFilin (infra,(infra, 86). 80), Little Assynt (infra, 84) and Torbreck (infra,200 At 87). Clashnessie (infra, 76), Culag (infra, 77), Glenleraig (infra, 80), Oldany291 (infra, 85) and Stronechrubie (infra, 87). 202 AtInfra, Culag 75. (infra, 77). 204a°3 jnfra, 43. 206 Supra, n. 54. from theMackenzie account laid which out he a goodsubmitted deal of to money the Tutors on his in new 1776. manse, He collectedto judge theferried hearth them and to the chimney Kirkton stones in a six-oaredfrom the boat.ruins of Ardvreck castle and INTRODUCTION liii about the harbours of Lock Inver 206 and Kylesku,207 edified by the woods along the steep sides of Loch Nedd,208 and romantically respectful of the waterfall above Inchna- damph.209 He found the approach to Ardloch’s house at Ledberg diverting,210 but he sketched the ruins of Ardvreck castle and Calda house without making any reference to their turbulent history.211 Only on the ridge of Braebag did the immensity of the landscape make its mark on him. There was, perhaps, no reason why he should have been more receptive. Amidst the flood of travellers who were beginning to penetrate the further Highlands Home was a figure apart—neither intolerantly improvement-minded nor romantically novelty-seeking. His survey was not the work of an enthusiast; it can tell us little of a way of life that was shortly to disappear, little of the harshness of existence in an inhospitable land. But because he had a task to do and did it thoroughly, his survey has its own corrective value for Highland history.

vi Home’s Survey of Assynt consists of a map and a bound volume of plans. The map, on a single sheet, approximately 84 in. X74 in., is now considerably torn and dilapidated. It does not contain any information not found in the volume of plans. Its scale is given as 20 Scots chains (of 24 ells or 74 feet each) to one inch. The volume of plans consists of 27 folios (including inter- leaving), approximately 26J in. Xl8f in., bound in boards with a leather spine. The binding is now broken, and 20s 207 Infra, 28-9. 208 Infra, 49. 209 Infra, 40. 210 Infra, 34.31. The farmhouse of Ledbeg still appears very much as in Home’s211 As sketchshown (Plan in the No. sketch 14). on Plan No. 9, the castle was rather more complete‘ ruined ’ inin Home’s1776. time than it is to-day. The minister referred to it as liv THE SURVEY OF ASSYNT some of the interleaving is crumpled, but the general condition of the volume is good. The 16 plans are each drawn inside a border, with the relevant tables and observa- tions on the facing pages. The plans are drawn in ink, with shading to represent hills, bogs and woods, and coloured washes to outline the farm borders. The lettering includes descriptions of the character of the grounds, in addition to place-names and areas. Each plan has a compass bearing, and decorative material inside the border. The latter includes vessels on the sea, and on each plan a pen-and-ink sketch which accompanies the title, and is shaded with a wash ; these sketches are approximately 5 in. x 4 in. The scale is given as £ Scots mile (20 Scots chains) to one inch. The areas measured are not clearly explained. In particular, the lochs included are not always indicated, those on farm marches being particularly difficult to check. The following important lochs do not appear to have been included : Assynt; Awe ; Beannach ; C&m ; Crocach ; Feith an Ledthaid ; Fionn ; Gainimh ; Ghlinnein ; Gorm Loch M6r; Preas nan Aighean; Tiiirc ; Urigill; Veyatie. The individual plans are : Plan 1. Oldany : accompanied by a sketch of a land- scape, with trees and sea; in foreground, three goats, a sheep, a cow and a stag, with three figures (one female, seated, and two males, standing, wearing plaid and bonnet) : on facing page, a man wearing kilt, hose and short jacket, and working a cas-chrdm. Plan 2. Clashnessie, Achnacarnin, Culkein, Clashmore and Balchladich : sketch of a rocky coastline (probably Stoer Head), with a wrecked vessel; in foreground a rowing boat with two men, one of whom is casting a net. INTRODUCTION Iv Plan 3. Stoer, Clachtoll and Achmelvich : sketch of a loch ; on shore, a horse, two cattle, a goat and a sheep, with a kilted man carrying a fishing rod. Plan 4. Brackloch, Inver, Torbreck, Baddidarach and Bad a’ Ghrianan : sketch of a bay, with six ships and many boats in foreground ; behind, a wooded coastline, with oak trees (hence probably intended for a view of Baddidarach), a cottage with thatched roof and two chimneys, and an outbuilding. Plan 5. Loch Beannach, Nedd, Drumbeg, Culkein Drum- beg and a detached portion of Achnacarnin: sketch of houses (one round house, one rect- angular, and one rectangular with a side wing, none having chimneys), with a bull and a field enclosed by a wooden fence. Plan 6. Glenleraig and Ardvar : sketch of a lochan in rain. Plan 7. Unapool and Rientraid : sketch of Quinag (SMI Gharbh and Sail Ghorm) from Kylesku ; in foreground, a ship, a rowing-boat and a school of porpoises. Plan 8. Achmore and Little Assynt: sketch of Quinag (Spidean Coinich) from south shore of Loch Assynt; in middle distance, Achmore, with buildings and fields shown; in foreground, Ardvreck Castle (shown as a square tower), with a fishing figure. Plan 9. Eadar k Chalda and Kirkton : sketch of Glas Bheinn; in middle distance, Achmore; in foreground, Ardvreck Castle (shown as square tower with round tower on east gable) and Calda House (ruined), with a rowing-boat and two fishers on banks of Loch Assynt. Ivi THE SURVEY OF ASSYNT Plan 10. Inchnadamph and Tubeg: sketch of two houses (one rectangular and one round, with no chimneys but smoke issuing), with two horses, a goat and a fishing figure on banks of Loch Assynt. Plan 11. Stronechrubie and Lyne : sketch of house of Stronechrubie, with out-buildings; in fore- ground a kilted man ploughing with an iron plough drawn by a horse; on the hillside behind, a waterfall and a goat. Plan 12. Dubh Chlais, Poll & Gharbh Bhair, Druim Suardalain and Filin: distant sketch of Quinag, with a cattle beast in foreground. Plan 13. Cnoc nan Each, Culag, Inverkirkaig and Badnaban : sketch of Inverkirkaig Bay, with Suilven and Stac Polly in background ; in the bay, two ships and two rowing-boats (one casting a net); on the shore, a corfhouse, with fish barrels outside. Plan 14. Ledbeg : sketch of house of Ledbeg (two- storied, with outbuildings); in foreground, Ledbeg River, crossed by a wooden bridge ; in background, view of Canisp. Plan 15. Ledmore and Elphin : sketch of a lochan ; on banks, a horse and a man with a gun, shooting at duck on the lochan. Plan 16. Knochan, Aultnachie and Cromalt: sketch of a round house ; in foreground, three cattle (two fighting) and a goat. Part I THE SURVEY OF ASSYNT andThe observations text which which follows accompany is an alphabetical the sixteen rearrangement plans in the boundof the volume tables butof Home’s their internalSurvey.* order The has arrangement been retained, of the except tables thathas beenin a simplified,few cases haveentries been for ‘Naturalgrouped Woods’together. and A ‘Hills,very few Moss arithmetical and rocky errorsMuirish have Pasture’ been corrected.Money is expressed in sterling unless otherwise indicated. Where pence raisedScots (reckonedfigure, e.g. at £1 12 2 to 64. the penny sterling) are used, they are showed by * For a description of this volume, see supra, liii-lvi.

A

THE SURVEY OF ASSYNT 3 AUCHMELVICH A. R. F. Infield on each side of the marish Ground and Farmstead onlythe greatest about one part half of which can be consists keept inof tillage Rocky Baulks so that 49 3 32 Sheetings: 1. GlananterCreek of the a bonny Sea North Sheeling from adjoining the Farm-Houses Loch-an-oir and a 19 - - 2. Liesand theWest Sea of Coast the last and near the march with Clachtoll 9 1 29 3. DenLies inEast two of places Loch-an-oir on the North side of a grassy 7 2 32 4. Liessloping South South East and ofEast the last and next Loch-an-asalt 15 - 20 5. Threemiddle disjoin’dof the Farm Sheelings in a hollow Slack about the 6 1- 6. Three more disjoin’d Sheelings North of the last 8 1 16 7. Lies betwixt two Braes and near two large Lochs 4 2- Hollows,Hilly pasture etc., yieldingwith Rocks Grass and Moss, several Dens and 1178 - 14 Seven Lochs each being markt upon the Plan 52 1 17 Total Contents: Infield 49 3 32 NaturalSheelings Woods 70 1 17 LochsHills, Moss and rocky Muirish Pasture 117852 -1 1714 Total Observations 1350 3 - GroundsThe Farm which of Auchmelvichscreen it both is fromsituated the inSouth a hollow East, Flat and betwixt South highWest; rocky The blowinglarge Bay Sands and which Ebb onely to would the Northbe apt toWest imagine along would a considerable render it obnoxious tract of closeto an groundInundation in tillage when lies the North Wind fromblows the from Houses the Northand disjoin’d West. The from onely the otherSea at rocky the Ebb. Com Lands by a low Marish which disembogues itself into the TorbreckThe Rock affords on eachlittle sideor no the convenience long Branch to their of the Navigation Sea which being runs renderd up to andinnaccessible also sundry by Rocksthe steepness in the middleof the ofRocks the Channel.which bound The Sheelingsit on both in sides the Hollowsa good dealopposite of theto TorbreckBraes might seem beto beimproved the most along valuable the formarch Corn with and prettyBattachrianan. much similar All theto thatHills of and Clachtoll pasture both grounds as to qualityupon thisand Farmsituation. are AUCHAMORE a. r. f. Infield: Infields of upper Auchamore including the Stances of theyielding Farmstead good Grass Cot Houses and rocky knows and Baulks 78 4 THE SURVEY OF ASSYNT theInfields March ofline lower shaded Auchamore red on the comprehending Plan of which aboutall within one rockythird mayGrounds be computedwhich yield arable good lyingPasture interspers’d among 77 2 - Sheelings: 1. Liesupper on Auchamore the south side of a Brae next the Infield of 13 - - 2. A small Sheeling next the March with Unapool - 3 - 3. A small Sheeling on the South side of Quinack Hill byopposite Ederhalda to the West end of the Grounds pastur’d on 1 - 10 4. Twoof the Sheeling Ground places pastured presently upon in by Com Ederhalda at the West End 2 12 5. Tumore lies next the West end of Loch Assint 5 2 27 6. LiesLittle North Assint of the last along the Edge of the Road to 4 3 30 7. hangingLies next pretty the muchMarch southward with Poltecarrican on a Bank 1 1 20 8. Sheeling of Poltecarrican 2 - - Mr.Infield Scobbie of Poltecarricanincluding the presently Stances of in theCorn Houses being subset by 5 - - Natural Woods: Wood of Tumore consisting mostly of Birch with Hazel ofPoplar, Assint Hollies etc., adjoining the North side of the Loch 71 1 - sideWood of Loch-an-a-tea adjoining the West End of Loch Assint and North 122 3 - Pasture Ground within the Dykes of Upper Auchamore supposingdotted Line the about unfinish’d one half part of to which run by is thegood direction grass Ground of the interjectedwith Heather with Lime Rocks, the other half Moss cover’d 450 2 1 andHill a Groundlarge tract comprehending of barren rocky the SouthGrounds End on of each Quinack side thereofSheelings together of Tumore with and the Farm hill ofpasture Poltecarrican belonging to the 3398 3 36 andNine Poltecarrican Lochs within the marches of Auchamore Tumore 60-6 Total Contents: Infield 160 2 - Sheelings 19431-9 - - Hills,Natural Moss Woods and rocky Muirish Pasture 3849 1 37 Lochs 429560-612 Total Observations - LochThe Assint Farmstead and lies of prettyupper Auchamorehigh above it,is situatedat the West on theEnd North of the side Lime- of THE SURVEY OF ASSYNT 5 farstone Southwards Craigs which towards run four Ledbeg Miles Eastwardsabove the toKirk the Road;foot of The Connivel Infields and are as verythat notmuch one interjected half of the withGrounds rocky within Baulks the andDykes Craigy can beKnows reckon’d in so tillable; much toHowever perfection these and Lime-stone most of the Craigs Baulks yield interjected all the variety with Comof sweet are onlyGrasses for theHay. former The lower being Auchamore bounded from was formerlythe later aby seperate a small Tack Burn from to the upper,North rockyand West. and theThe Grass bank shorterof Craigs even upon in the lowerhollow Farm parts, next the thebest Loch of the is Grassmore steadand Com would lies haveat the been North more and properlyEast sides placed next Ederhaldait being greatly where thelower Farm- and whichconsequently flows from much the warmer famous andSpring better liker sheltered a Rivilute by than the aside Bum. of Thethe Burnmost valuableSide of the of Straththe Hill or pastureopening contiguousbetwixt the to Hills Auchamore to Unapool; lies Thealong Hill the to East the ofWestward Ridges ofall Rocksaround North Quinack from Hill Quinack being veryto the barren march and with consists Unipool. chiefly All belowGlenlirag the belongs Road to to Littlethe Sheelings Assint and of TumoreWest of and the FarmRoad ofto PoltycarricanArdvare and andHills are of Clash-knockall mostly green which swarded are all comprehendingof a greenish hue all yieldingthe South benty side Grass;of the whichThe Sheelings yield fine of Grass Tumore and shelterly pretty having low aand choice mostly Aspect Inclos’d southwards. by Woods

AUCHNAGARNAN a. r. f. gradualyInfield southadjoining and Eastthe prettyFarm closeHouses mostly sloping 44 3 30 Sheelings: 1. Lieshollow North adjoining from the and Sea next Banks the Farmsteadings in a 3 - - 2. Lieson the West West of side the ofFarmstead a small Bum and along a hollow Slack 2 2 22 3. LiesMarch North with Culkeinof the last adjoining the Sea Banks and 3 12 0 4. Lieswith uponCulkein the East side of the Burn along the March 7 1 34 5. LiesCulkein in theand WestClashmore Comer called adjoining Braecruie the Marches with 6-8 6. Askeirach large Sheelingnext the LochSouth of of that the nameInfield call’d Loch-an- 15 3 - KnowsHilly yieldingMoss cover’d good Short with grassyHeath pasture and rocky Braes and 335 24 Loch-an-skeirach 5 Detached portion of Auchnagarnan Sheeling NaturalHills, Moss Woods and rocky Muirish Pasture THE SURVEY OF ASSYNT Total Contents: A. R. F. Infield 44 3 30 NaturalSheelings Woods 4452 21 284 LochHills, Moss and rocky Muirish Pasture 5485 -3 -5 Total 695 2 27 Observations Auchnagarnan Farmstead with the Corn Land adjoining it, is situated partamong of thethe HillsInfield which lies surroundbetwixt the it, likeFarmsteadings the hollow ofand ones the hand; Sea, theThe smallmost theCreek Rocks. or Ebb This which is comparatively serves as a Harbour a small for Farm Boats but and lies is very well compact sheltered and by southwardalmost equidistant and are fromvery thelittle Farmstead, Interjected the with Corn Baulks; Lands haveThis aFarm good hasAspect six GroundsSheeling haveplaces a lyingsmoother along Surface the Boundaries than Clashnessie of the and Farm: rather The preferable pasture Johnfor Sheep. McLeods This andFarm their is also Subtenants. occupied by two Tacksmen viz.: Duncan and ARDVARE A. R. F. Infield: Alexr.Infield Campbel about theand Farm Son possess’dincluding bythe John Stances McKenzie of Houses and andInfields Yards South of the last including the Steadings of four 35 2 18 TenamentsInfield on of the Houses South and end Yards of the Bay opposite to the last 47 22- 10 middleInfield thereof on the in aNorth Hollow side of the Bay and about the 7 14 Sheelings: 1. Auch-na-vea-lardto the Sun next the Loch of that name hanging 10 1 32 2. Lies East of the last adjoining the bay 2 3 8 3. theLies Bay next the last mentioned Infield at the north side of 5-3 4. theLies West North of the last by the Edge of a Loch sloping to 6 3- 5. LiesSea North of No. 4 at the Edge of a Creek or Bay of the 2 2 3 6. Lies West of the last at the Sea Side presently in Corn 3 3- 7. Lies above the natural Wood near Kyle’s Cu 4 3- 8. burnLies innext the the middle Wood of anda Glen march and with on the Reintraid south side of a 6 3- 9. theSkeran above lying march East of the last above the bank of Wood at 2 - - 10. southmostClash a poor Den Sheeling where three Burns unite in the - 3 - 11. LiesFarmstead, on the in West the Woodside of the Bay opposite to the 6 1- THE SURVEY OF ASSYNT 7 Natural Woods: A. R. F. Natural Woods consisting chiefly of Birch and Hazel in theSteep Braes Braes of the extending southmost from Glen the next Bay Glenlirag of Ardvare along 7 - - Birchthe Sea and Coast Hazel to etc.,the yieldingmarch with good Reintraid Grass cover’d with 90 - - bumWood yields in theGrass Braes south of Reintraid along the march 51 - - excellentWood onpasture the Hill south and West of the Bay yielding 165 - - Hill and Moss grounds mostly cover’d with heather yieldingSix lochs coarse containing and fine in pasture all 161730 3 3012 Total Contents: Infield 54 3 32 NaturalSheelings Woods 51 3 6 LochsHills, Moss and rocky Muirish Pasture 30 3S 1280 Total 1968 2 - Observations theArdvare Bay and Farmsteading is pretty much lies exposed in two todisjoin’d the Westerly places Windsupon the as theEast Grounds Side of lieBay higher all the than Infields the Naturalare pretty Wood much which interjected forms thewith opposite Rocks andside Baulksof the butThe have Sheeling the advantage places are of Sea-Ware.all situated about the Edges of the extensive asNatural it affords Woods the which best of abound shelter with and Grass. a large This extent Farm of is Coasting. excellent for grazing

AULTNACHIE FieldsInfields to the next North the adjoiningFarmstead the with Bum three other disjoin’d 12 19 Sheelings: 1. Lies in a Hollow at the South End of the Wood 6 - - 2. Pollandsloping Southlies South of No. 1 on the South of a hollow Brae 2 2 20 8. Lies along the Burn at the March with Knockon 4 - - 4. thereofLies at thenext East Cromald side of the Bum and towards the head LochGood Urgil Meadow across Grass the onFarm each including side two BurnsGrass runningat the Edge into of Grassthe Loch along the Bum being the March with Cromald includingthe Eastmost a hollow Bum from said March above the Farmstead to 8 THE SURVEY OF ASSYNT Natural Woods: betwixtNatural the Birch Burns Wood and onthe the March South with Side Ailfln of Loch Urgil and 105 - - MarchA Brae with cover’d Knockon with Wood South of the last along the 10 of WoodLoch Urgilat the March with Cromald adjoining the S:E: End 28 - - of RemainsCromald ofand a largebetwixt tract two of Grains Wood atthereof, the head of which of the thereburn iscontain only aboutscatter’d Trees with a large Clump suppos’d to 15 - - Hill above the Farmstead consisting mostly of Moss Wetcoverd Moss with ’twixt Heath the and Hill coarse and Lochbenty Urgil Grass with a Flat and Total Contents: Infield NaturalSheelings Woods: 16 - 20 LochsHills, Moss and rocky Muirish Pasture Total Observations aboutAultnachie the middle Farmstead of the Easternis situated branch by the of Sidethe Burnof the which burn unitesof Aultnachie a little meadowabove its Grass Junction which with grows Loch on each Urgil; Side Nothing the burn can along exceed both the Branchesfine rich 4thereof feet below upon the the surface low parts of theand Moss, all along it is the'almost flat quiteMoss, concealld but as it fromlies 3 the or forview, a considerable and scarcely way perceptible both above but and when below one the goes Farmstead hard by runs it. extremelyThe bum leavingrapid and nothing makes but great stony depredations Beach a little upon above the finethe HousesGrass on and each such side was of its it violinceand the thatpresent it carryed Tenant off is soone apprehensive of the Houses of belongingits doing himto the more Farmstead; damage thethat burn he proposed thro’ the to Bank give aopposite proportionable to the Farmstead height for makingwhich would a new conveycut for theAll wholethe pasture of this goodrapid forBurn anything into the (besides Moss where the itGrass could along not dothe any Burn harm. as andabove) very is dangerousthat among for the Cattle Birch in Woods. Winter. The low Moss is altogether a flow

BATTACHRIANAN a. Infield: CornInfields Fold about with the a yard Houses adjoining it East from the Houses 24 Sheelings: A Sheeling South of the Houses 2 theTwo Houses other Sheeling places in a hollow Slack North from 5 THE SURVEY OF ASSYNT Natural Woods of Oak and Birch yielding good grassy thepasture South and and cover East for Cattle along the Braes and march to 54 High rocky hill Grounds with patches of Moss including theTorbreck grassy and Brae Loch and Beanoch rich Meadow along the marches with 381 25 Total Contents: Infield 6 24 NaturalSheelings Woods 547 47 LochsHills, Moss and rocky Muirish Pasture 381 25 Total 450 20 Observations MeadowBattachrianan Grass besides is a fine the Grazing fine Braes Farm of having Wood aalong pretty the large March Tract with of theTorbreck Woods which on it affordhave a good South Grass Aspect. and is remarkably well shelter’d as all BADDIDARROCH Infield or Corn Land lying round the Farm-steadings isvery scarcely much onbroke half with in tillage stony Baulks in so much that there Sheelings: 1. Lies West from the Farmstead and near the Coast 6 2. Lies North of the last 3. Lies next the Farmstead 20 grassyHill pasturePasture in and the MossDens andcover’d Braes with Heather including 284 3 14 Loch-an-a-guith Total Contents: Infield 40 - - NaturalSheelings Woods 8 3 26 LochHills, Moss and rocky Muirish Pasture 284 3 14 Total 337 3 - Observations FarmBaddidarroch, Steadings isthis situate small nearFarm the lies best along landing the side place of Lochalong Inver.the march The Burninterjected at the withEast rockywhere BaulksBoats are on drawnwhich up.there All is the also Infields a fine are stool very of much Oak. remarkablyOne half of fertilethe Infields yielding may excellent be computed Corn and tillable, Bear; besides but the the ground principal is 10 THE SURVEY OF ASSYNT Tacksmen,Employment there is at are the sundry Fishings. others residing upon this Farm, whose chief BADINIMBAN a. r. f. andInfield interjected lying about with Rocksthe Farm-Houses and Stony Baulkspretty much broke 9 2- lineGrass mark’t and on pasture the plan on the Braes within the gross dotted 40 - - Total Contents: Infield 9 2- NaturalSheelings Woods _ _ _ LochsHills, Moss and rocky Muirish Pasture 40_ -_ _- Total 49 2 - Observations Badinimban, This small Farm on the South side of Loch Inver at the situateMarch withnear aCullack, Creek ofis theonly Sea a whereSubsett, Boats belonging land safely to Inver and isChirkag; occupied It by is twoby their or three Landlord people ofwho the complain Hill pasture. much of the small priviledge allowed them BELLACHLATTACH a. r. f. Infields North and East of the Farmstead and along the Edgesoil of Loch-an-a-clashmore having a pretty close sandy 67 3 - Sheelings: 1. Lies West of the Farmstead and along the Sea Side 4 - - 2. Loch-a-chroisk lies ’twixt the Sea and Loch of that withname Store towards the Summit of the Hill next the March 19 1 - 3. Lies at the March with Store and Clashmore including therefromthe adjacent Improvement presently in Com South 11 2 3 swardedImproveable with few pasture rocks and Hill Ground mostly green- 480 2 37 Loch-an-a-Clashmore 68 - - Total Contents: Infield 67 3 - NaturalSheelings Woods 34 3 3 LochHills, Moss and rocky Muirish Pasture 48068 -2 37- Total 651 1 THE SURVEY OF ASSYNT 11 Observations theBellachlattach Burn from Loch-an-a-clashmore Farmstead is situated falls near into the the Bay Sea; in Thea Hollow Com Landswhere dryare prettysandy soil,flat andwhich close is easilylying onmanured each side from the the Burn; great The abundance Lands are of ofSea a theWare Sea; thrown There up are into sundry the BayFamihes on each residing side onthe this junction Farm, of but the whether Burn with the towhole the isSurveyor, lett to one as mostTenant of theor belongs people wereto Clashmore employed or at Store, the Fishings was not when told Questions.the Survey Allwas the made Hillside and those along who the were March at home with declinedthe Farm answering of Store suchis a goodinto Tillage. free Soil hanging gradually Eastwards and could be easily brought

BRACKLOCH A. R. F. prettyInfield flat Grounds with very lying few Baulksround the Farm Houses being 21 2 22 Sheetings: 1. theLies march South withfrom Inver the Houses on the top of a Hill next 13- 2. LiesFarmstead upon the West side of a Bum North from the 3 2- 3. Liessloping North northward West of the last at the head of the said Burn 3 - - 4. Lies at the West side of the Hills next Loch-an-tuirrig 3 16 5. LiesAssint next little Assint by the Edge of the Water of 3 - - 6. Liesof the betwixt Water the last and the Farmstead and by the side 4 — - sistingNatural chiefly woods of Birchalong andthe marchyielding with good Battachrianan grassy pasture con- 10 2 20 HeatherRocky Hills interjected with Moss mostly cover’d with 1155 2 34 Eight Lochs as markt upon the Plan containing in all 92 1 10 Total Contents: Infield 21 2 22 NaturalSheelings Woods 1810 2 206 LochsHills, Moss and rocky Muirish Pasture 115592 21 3410 Total 1298 3 12 Observations AssintBrackloch and betwixt Farm is the situated Farms along of Little the NorthAssint side and of Inver. the Water The Farmsteadfrom Loch isWesterly snugly situateWinds. betwixt Hills which screens it from the East, North and 12 THE SURVEY OF ASSYNT The Infield is pretty close and flat about the Houses, and is a mossy light frequentlysoil. Four inof Corn.the SheelingsThese markt ly No.contiguous 4 and No. to 5the are Farmsteadmore commodiously and are Woodsituate lyingfor the next best the of Marchthe Pasture, with Loch and Beanochthe Grassy and Braes Little covered Assint with the patchesPasture ofnext Wet the Moss Farmstead, coverd with is ofHeather. a worse quality consisting chiefly of

CLACHTOLL Infield: LandInfield a good on fertileeach side sandy the Loam Farmstead being close arable 25 2 8 GroundsArable call’dLand the in Linksthree detached places on the green 7 1 28 EastCorn of Landthe Farmstead interjected and with Links rocky among Baulks the lyingHilly South-Rocks aboutCorn one Lands third much of which interjected in tillage with Rocks lying South- tillageEast of the Bay of Clachtoll about one fourth whereof is in rockyTwo Hills patches of Corn Land East of the last disjoined by Sheelings: 1. Liesmuch at to the the Coast South side and on Eastthe East of a Hill sloping pretty 2. Lies at the march with Auchmelvich adjoining the Sea 3. Liessouthward North East of the last at the Road side sloping 4. A Large Sheeling on each side a Burn about the middle inof thethree Hill places along side a Brae hanging South East markt 5. LochLies at hanging the march pretty with much Auchmelvich southwards by the Edge of a 6. Lies by the Edge of Loch Croken sloping Eastward 7. Glack-challick lies on the South side of Loch let-a-veluir mostlyRugged coverd rocky with Hills Heath interspersd including with Braes,patches Dens of Mossand hollowalong the Slacks Burns yielding grassy pasture with meadow Grass 1415 - 5 marktThirteen on the Lochs Plan seperately calculated and their contents 112 3 22 Total Contents: 58 2 36 SheelingsInfield 53 2 23 Natural Woods 1415 - 5 LochsHills, Moss and rocky Muirish Pasture 112 3 22 Total 1640 THE SURVEY OF ASSYNT 13 Observations The Farm of Clachtoll possess’d by Lauchlan Mackenzie and Murdoch betwixtMcLeod twoand shadestheir subtenants.of Corn situate The nearFarmstead two Ebbs stands or Landingupon a places.Ridge withThese Horses Com Shadesor Cattle, are beingquite afree free of sandy Baulks Loam. and might be easily ploughed EdgeAll theof the detached Links areCom extremely Grounds rocky,except andthese so low much Grounds interjected about thatthe partploughing of this with Farm Horses like orthat Cattle of Store would is beremarkably quite impracticable. rocky resembling The Hill it end,pretty are much considerably as to the higher figure thanand manyquality, of butthe theCoasting Hills Farms.towards the East CLASHMORE a. r. f. Infield North and West of the Farm-Houses with Ault-an-roanInfield and sundry formerly rocky a BaulksSheeling, among now theconjoin’d Cornlands to the 91 3 38 Sheetings: 1. Clash-a-chaarsloping Southward a bonny Sheeling on each Side a Bum 20 - 30 2. Rahounsloping pretty a fine muchSheeling South in Corn on each side a bum 31 3 8 3. Cluishtyeshgarnan a small Sheeling near Braecruie of Auchna- 3-24 Hill pasture mostly greenish swarded with patches of ableMoss Braescoverd and with grassy Heather Hollows including a variety of improve- 971 1 20 Loch Culfruich 87 1 - Total Contents: Infield 91 3 38 NaturalSheelings Woods 55 - 22 Hills, Moss and rocky Muirish Pasture 97187 1 20- Total 1205 3 - Observations Clashmore Farmstead lies beautifully situate by the Edge of the Loch ofand that well name; shelter’d The Comby the Lands high haveGrounds a good and Aspect Braes and which declivity encompass to the it Sun on Johnall sides Mackinzie but the South.the principal There are Tacksman, sundry Families as this on thisFarmstead Farm holding lies dis- of improper.contiguous The to theDyke rest below of the Clash-a-char pasture perhaps Sheeling a Division might make of it a might very natural not be atDivision, the present and would Sheeling divide of itRahoun, pretty equaly; which Awould new Steadingmake a maylarge be Shade erected of AspectInfield andhaving would a convenienthave an easy declivity, access to and the Seawell and watered be well with sheltered a South on thewould North be centrical East, and to about West sixsides hundred by the Acres rising a pretty Grounds; large This Tract situation of good 14 THE SURVEY OF ASSYNT madesmooth to and the dryCorn pasture Lands, on and part as ofthe which Fishings considerable are become Additions an object might worth be fairestattention chance any partfor Establishing of the Coast new having Settlements. a convenient landing place has the CLASHNESSIE Arable Lands North and West of the Farmstead and West’twixt including the Sea and sundry a Brae interjected which screens Rocks it and from Baulks the North 1 27 Sheelings: 1. Glack-fa-mene lies above the Bank next Auchnagarnan 2 2. Loch-an-ula-vaanand Loch of that nameadjoining the March with Clashmore - 6 3. Apretty small steep Sheeling Brae East of No. 2 on the South Side of a 2 30 - 14 5. Liessteep North rocky WestBrae, fromis pretty the remarkableflat Linn below the 6. Lies above the Brae and adjoining the Linn 1 24 7. Lies on the Sea Bank betwixt two Rocks at the Ebb 2 32 8. Aon small the Road Sheeling to Oldernay North East of the last ’twixt two Braes 9. Abrowa large hanging Sheeling pretty South much from North and adjoining Loch-na- Hills, Moss and rocky Muirish Pasture: Interjected Rocks and Grass Grounds including the withinHouses, the Steadings, square of andthe Arableall below Lands the as steep bounded Braes by andthe Tillagesmall pricked lines great part of which may be brought into greatPasture part whereofcomprehending yields good Moss, grassy Muir pastureand rocky particularly Ground Marchfrom the with remarkable Oldernay Linn along the Sea Banks to the ContentsTen Lochs of each within are marktthe Boundaries on the Plan of the Farm the Total Contents: SheelingsInfield 4986 -1 2722 Natural Woods 1083 - 10 LochsHills, Moss and rocky Muirish Pasture 85 1 21 Total 1304 - - Observations Clashnessie as possessed by William McLeod and Angus Kerr and their HousesSubtenants (adjoining of which the there Farmstead) are a great which many accommodate as appears byabout the anumber Score of THE SURVEY OF ASSYNT 15 Families situated hard by the Ebb being a sandy Creek lying within the muchBay, where exposed fishing to the Boats North are Seas drawn yet ‘tisup; pretty Although much this sheltered place appears by the Rocks to be alongThe the arable Coast Lands and hightho’ Groundsmuch interjected which almost with encompassstony Baulks it. and rocky AllHillocks to the are East exceedingly of the Farmstead fertile producingis a Tract ofgood rocky Crops Hillocks of Corn yielding and Bear. good Heather,grassy pasture and towards interjected the South with and Lochs West and the hillMoss Grounds the last are cover’d more rugged with Downdry and which rocky. is NorthSea beat from every the Cornhigh LandsTide. isThere the Remainsare no less of Oldthan Castle nine Corn;Sheeling the places Contents upon of this each Farm Sheeling one half are ormarkt a third and of whichnumber’d are anuallyupon the in likewiseopposite marktside hereto and number’d prefix’d and on thecorresponding Plan. thereto, The Contents are KNOCKNEACH Infield lying betwixt the Farmstead and Loch Drumsurd- landS:E: aspectbeing all close ground and well shelter’d with a fine 3 24 3 20 3. A small Sheeling East of the Last 4. LiesMeadow betwixt Grass the along Wood the and Burn Loch from Torrigarif Loch Drumsurdland including the Natural Woods: Wood inalong the theBraes Hill East West of fromthe Farmstead the Farmstead ruggedHill GroundHillocks interjectedalong the Northwith RocksSide of andthe SugarMoss andloaf withMountain, Drumsurdland including the Grassy Braes towards the March ] Four Lochs containing in all Total Contents: Infield NaturalSheelings Woods LochsHills, Moss and rocky Muirish Pasture 1 12 -2 37- Total 1 1 17 Observations of Knockneachthe Hill of thatFarmstead name, isthe most North beautifully and West situated Sides uponof which the EastHill, Sideare cover’dof the Farms with fineof Philin full grown and CulackTrees, consistinglie betwixt of this Oak, Farm Ash, and Birch that &c., Branch Part 16 THE SURVEY OF ASSYNT ofextending the Sea calledfrom theLoch Summit Inver. Allof thethe hillySugar Grounds Loaf Mountain East from to the the Farmstead, East End thereof.are very The rugged whole and Hills rocky, have ayielding North Aspect,short Heather. and all the All Highest the Braes Grounds and grassyLaigh pasture.Grounds along the March Burn with Drumsurdland yield good

CROMALD a. r. f. allInfields close haugh about Ground the Farmstead adjoining the Bum being 12 - - Sheelings: onGreens the March about with the Ledmore Sheeling and at the betwixt Junction the sameof two and Burns the InfieldsMeadow including ridges bothbetwixt sides the of theabove Bum Sheeling and Loch 10 1 - UrgilGreens upon each Side of the Burn of Cromald South from 12 - - thewhich Infields has been being in haughtillage or Meadow Ground most part of 15 - - MossFine West meadow from theGrass Farmstead on each Side of two Burns in the 12 - - coarseWet bentyMoss Grassyielding Heath and Hill Grounds yielding 1258 1 32 Total Contents: Infield NaturalSheelings Woods LochsHills, Moss and rocky Muirish Pasture 1258 1 32 Total 1319 2 32 Observations Cromald, The Com Land of this Farm consists of Haugh ground, lying alongissuing the from Bum the of Hill, Cromald, above whichwhich isis join’dall Wet by spoutty a variety Moss of otherGround Branches full of ChannelSprings, ofa little the Burn below is wherepretty these level severalall along branches untill it joinsof the Loch burn Urgil, unite, upon The overflowingwhich Account them great in time breaches of speats, are bymade the burnin the shifting Haughs its bycourse, the Watersso that andone thirdnothing of theleft mostbut largevaluable patches of these of stony Haugh beach, Grounds which are one carryed cannot away, see withoutquality, areregretting so very suchrare anda place, scarce; where but this Corn place Grounds seems toof remainso excellent subject a tolarge this Water, incovenience, being confined as there on is each no other side ofoutlet the Bumfor the by instant the Hill swell on the of thisone fourside andor five the feetMoss under on the Water. other, Nothing lying much can higherexcell thanthe fine the GrassHaughs growing when alongit from the the march middle bum of thewith flat Aultnachie Moss. and the two Grains which run into Part of farms of Cnoc nan Each, Culag, Inverkirkaig and Badnaban (from Plan No. 13). Pr.siw J oj- //f f A/JV/J.fo/' El) ERA HA L D A

E//in Tomv ■ . • , i.» t~z» '-•

Ardvreck Castle and Calda House, with Achmore farmstead in background (from Plan No. 9). THE SURVEY OF ASSYNT 17 CULACK Infield: EllagorrattenMilltown Infield a WestCroft fromat the the March Houses Burn along with the InverCoast ChirkagInfield being in the close Hollow level Groundat the head of the Mill Burn adjoiningInfield Loch-an-torrigarifabout the Houses occupied by Thirteen Sub- interjectedtenants the BaulksStances of their Houses and Yards with some 35 - -

2. LiesWood East of No. 1 situated betwixt two Braes next the 3. LiesMorrichan in a hollow Slack at the North Side of Loch Patin-a- 4. LiesPatin-a-marrichin also in a hollow adjoining a small Loch East of Loch 1 3 10 5. LiesLoch at the South Side of a Steep Brae next the Fewan 4 2- andWood Loch in torrigariff the Braes in along all the March with Inver Chirkag 112 - - Hill Pasture consisting mostly of Moss and rocky Hill HollowsGrounds, yielding yielding good Short grass Heather with several Braes and 1856 Two Lochs containing 4 Total Contents: Infield 52 NaturalSheelings Woods 11216 3 26 LochsHills, Moss and rocky Muirish Pasture 18564 - 24 Total 2041 Observations Culack, Farmstead and Milltown are pleasantly situated on the March of havingPhilin, bya great the Sidemany of Linns a Bum or runningWater Falls upon in a avery very rugged short Space,rocky bottom,betwixt the freshSea Coastand Salt of WaterLoch Inver Loch calledis very Loch-an-torrigarif. much broke and Theinterjected Infield alongwith reckon’dpatches of tillable. Wet Moss, Mr. andMackinzie craigy ofBanks, Ardloch so that is the one principal half of itTacksman can only beof thisof a ScoreFarm ofwhich Families is all whose occupied great by business his Subtenants lies at the consisting Fishing. ofSouth upwards from theof Houses Milltown occupied and towards by thirteen the March Tenants, with who Inver have Chirkag each a ispart a large of the Cluster Corn onLands each next Side their a small Houses Burn and running Yards, into which a smallare snugly Creek situateor Ebb in of a theHollow, Sea, 18 THE SURVEY OF ASSYNT where Boats are drawn up. These poor people are daily enlarging their withinCorn Lands the Dykesby potatoe will improvementssoon be brought so that into the tillage, greatest which part will of the be Grounds a great andaddition Braes, to thethroughout Corn Land. all theThere Hill is aGrounds, great variety which of Dens,produce hollow good Slacks, Grass whereand coarse the braes pasture, have buta very especially quick declivity next the and March fine Southwith InverAspect. Chirkag

CULKEIN a. GroundInfields and lying pretty about level the Farmsteadings mostly all close 78 3 Sheelings: 1. Dunanalmost surroundedlying above by the the SeaRocks called Dunan Point 11 30 2. ClarStones Loch and next rocky the Baulks Loch of that name much broke with 13 14 3. prettyCulfruich much at theEastward North End of Loch Culfruich sloping 29 4. ClashronickGround West from and almost adjoining the Infield 5 Hills, Moss and rocky Muirish Pasture: Rich Meadow Grass extending from the Infield to Clar LochHill Bum Pasture and Moss Grounds cover’d with Heather 12 - - includingPasture especially the Hill call’dfor Sheep Shian-more yielding good greenish 675 2 9 Clar Loch 14 - - Total Contents: Infield 73 - 3 NaturalSheelings Woods 59 1 LochHills, Moss and rocky Muirish Pasture 68714 -2 9 Total 833 3 12 Observations Culkein Farm is situated pretty much similar to Clashnessie but has a morealong extensivethe Bay, theBay Northmost or Ebb; The of which Farmstead is Sea liesBeat detach’d and greatly in three exposed places to andthe Norththe adjacent and East; Braes; the Thereother twoare onlylie pretty four largemuch Sheelingsheltered places by a Hillockon this adjoiningFarm which the are Infield well Ground;accommodate the Hill with of goodShianmore pasture yields and meadowshort greenish Grass beingpasture always mixt withdry and Heather snow andseldom is excellent lies on it. for The Sheep rocks expecially along the in Sea Winter from Dunanaltogether Point innaccessible. to the March with Clashmore at the West are steep and THE SURVEY OF ASSYNT 19 CULKEIN Infield: Infields in three disjoin’d places around the Farmstead containingwith other in two all disjoin’d Fields next Oldernay Ebb, 6 PastureSteadings that ofmay the be Housesbrought and into Yardstillage with interjected 10 - - Sheelings: 1. Lurrich-a-loisksloping southward at the march adjoining Loch Drunbeg 5 - 2. Liessloping south South from and and East next the last adjoining the Loch 8 - - 3. Lies in a Hollow South of Loch Drunbeg 5 1 - 4. Liesnatural on Woodthe North south ofside Loch-na-broig of a Bank surrounded with 3 1- 5. A Large Sheeling South of the last next Loch Poule 14 3 13 6. LiesBum upon betwixt the SouthLoch Poule side of and a craigy Loch HillTomavante opposite to the 3 2 16 7. Lies North of the last by the Edge of Loch Badin-laun Natural Woods: Birch Woods yielding good grassy pasture Vizt.: prettyA Bank much south Northward of and adjoining Loch Drunbeg hanging Loch-na-brakeSteep Braes with hollow Slacks along the north side of SheelingSteep Braes markt on No. the South4 Comprehending Side of Loch-na-brake sundry Braes round and the hollowWood Slacks in the yielding Brae East grassy of the pasture Sheeling markt No. 5 64 - 16 LochWood Poule in the steep craigy Brae along the North side of Braes,Rocky Dens Hills and and Hollows, Moss grounds yielding cover’d grassy with pasture Heather with Three Lochs containing in all Total Contents: SheelingsInfield Hills,Natural Moss Woods and rocky Muirish Pasture 666 2 10 Total Observations Culkein, this Farm lies next Oldemay on a Neck of Land betwixt greenOldernay Hill, Ebb which and withBay theof Culkein Boar Islands and is snuglyshelters situate it from under the coverNortherly of a dailyWinds. adding There tois athe vast Com number Grounds of People by potatoe residing Improvements; upon this Farm, besides who theare twoThe principalSheelings Tacksmen,are very valuable, whose chief being support situate isby by the means Edge of of the the Fishing:natural Woods;and excellent the Pasture for Sheep. is generally rich and good, and the rocky Parts are dry THE SURVEY OF ASSYNT DRUMSURDLAND Infield: Infield about the Farmsteading sloping pretty much southtwo places including the Areas of Houses and yards as markt in theHaugh burn ground being close Arable Land surrounded by 1. Lies North of the last 2. Lies North from and next the Infield 3. Liesmarch below with Steep Knockneach Craigs at East the Eastfrom End No. of1 a Loch at the 4. LiesRoad in from a hollow Inver Eastto Ledbeg of the last upon the side of the 5. LiesGaneau in a hollow ’twixt the Road and burn from Loch 6. LiesMarch at with the LedbegEast End below of theLoch top Ganeau of Canusp adjoining Hill the Hill pasture most part whereof consists of Braes and hollowGround Slacks on the yielding South West grassy End pasture of Canusp lying Hillunder the high Loch-an-Vaan 13 Total Contents: Infield 49 1 30 NaturalSheelings Woods 22- -3 -1 LochHills, Moss and rocky Muirish Pasture 224513 -2 3- Total Observations 2330 3 - Drumsurdland is pleasantly situated at the North End of the Loch, havingHills above a fine it; Aspect The Corn and Landsdeclivity are to full the of South, Baulks and with well Roots sheltered of Trees by the so thatago. Allone along would the be March apt to Burn imagine with it Knockneach had been altogether and Braes Wood above some it, yields time goodand afford Grassy very Pasture, little butvariety the highof Pasture Grounds besides next Duchlashshort Heather. are more barren DRUNBEG a. r. f. join’dInfields Fields round to the the N: Farmsteadings East with two other dis- 33 1 6 Sheelings: 1. Lies next the march and Bay of Nedd presently in Corn 2. Lies South of the last in a Hollow sloping South and East 3. Lynelirick a bonny green hillock South of Loch Tarn-uie 4. Lies East of the last adjoining the Burn from Loch Lyne 5. andLies declivityat the East to theend Sun of Loch Lyne with a good Aspect THE SURVEY OF ASSYNT Natural Woods: Natural Wood upon the South Side of Loch Drunbeg withA PatchCulkein of Wood on the Edge of a Loch near the march SideBraes of Loch yielding Tarn-uie Birch Wood along the South and West Hill pasture Grounds interjected with Rocks and patches yieldingof Moss mostly coarse coverdGrass with Heath with Hollows, Braes, &c. in Eightall contains Lochs the Contents of each markt upon the Plan Total Contents: Infield NaturalSheelings Woods LochsHills, Moss and rocky Muirish Pasture Total Observations HillsDrunbag which liesscreen by itthe from Edge the of Sea Loch and Drunbag Winds fromsituate the on North the sunand side East. of theThere Houses, is an excellent which Infields, Landing are for remarkablyBoats, adjoining close theand Infields free of North Stones from or Baulks;mostly allThe a SheelingSouth Aspect, places theseare pretty towards extensive, the march and andwell Bayshelter’d, of Nedd, having are proportiona very rich tosoil. the The Woods Hill growingpasture thereon.is less valuable than that of Culkein in DUCHLASH (including POLGARVIER) Infield: Infield around the Farmstead including Houses and LandsYards with interjected rocky Pasture among the Corn possessedInfields byabout the the Tenant Farmstead of Duchlash of Polgarvier another Farm Sheelings: 1. Lies next the Farmstead at the March with Philin 2. Lies on each side a Burn North from the Farmstead 3. Lies North from and next the last 8 - - 4. Lies by the Edge of a Wood next Polgarvier 4 1 - 5. LiesBum at the West End of a Loch towards the head of a 2-16 6. Liesaspect East and from dechvity and next the last, having a fine South 4 2- 7. Lies East from No. 6, upon the South side of a high Rock 8 1- 8. EdgeLies North of a Burn from No. 7, at the foot of a hill and by the 3 3 28 22 THE SURVEY OF ASSYNT F. 9. AttenhuikSouth lies in a Slack at the head of a bum sloping 4 10. uponLies atthe the March junction with ofTubeg two Burns with Loch fie loidge 3 Natural Woods: Birch Wood at the March Burn with Tubeg 21 No.A 4Bank of Wood betwixt the Sheelings markt No. 3 and 24 Hilly Pasture Grounds interjected with Rocks and thePatches North of WestMoss Endwith ofgrassy Canusp pasture Hill along the Braes upon 3808 Three Lochs as markt upon the plan containing in all Total Contents: Infield NaturalSheelings Woods LochsHills, Moss and rocky Muirish Pasture Total Observations prettyDuchlash well shelter’d Farmstead by isthe situated hilly Grounds at the South around Corner it; The of Infieldsthe Farm are and pretty lies closethe Sheeling and free places from areBaulks beautifully and of asituate good inquality the Hollow being aand deep Banks Loam. of theAll toBurn the which Water runs of Assint. from the Polgarvier Heights aboutis situated the middle below ofthe the Hills Farm at theWestward North muchSide next broke the with March steep with stony Little Baulks Assint having and aTubeg. North TheAspect Infields and declivity. of it are Mosses;The hill TheGrounds Hollow are mostlyDens abound cover’d withwith Heatha mixture as are of likewiseHeath andall the Bents flat whichSheep andafford Goats. pretty good pasturage for Cattle, as the rocky Hills do for EDERAHALDA Infield: Infield and Meadow Ground upon the East Side of the BurnGarden and nextand GroundCalda House plot of the House 2-107 1- encompass’dGrass and Gardenwith Water Ground about the Old Castle mostly 4 - - includingInfields theinterjected Steadings with of HousesRocks andand goodYards grassy Baulks 44 - - Hills, Moss and rocky Muirish Pasture: patchGreen of Hillsflat Mossabounding lying belowwith Limethe HillStone and with within a large the DykesHill high and rocky, partly cover’d with barren Heath 647245 - 30- THE SURVEY OF ASSYNT 23 A detached Piece of Pasture Ground lying West of the RoadDykes to of little Auchamore, Assint and between Loch Assint and the 218 8 - EdgeA Sheeling of the Loch place belonging to the said Pasture by the 13 8 Total Contents: Infield 57 1 10 NaturalSheelings Woods 13 8 LochsHills, Moss and rocky Muirish Pasture 1110- 3 30 Total 1170 - 8 Observations Ederahalda This small but well accommodate Farm lies pleasantly thesituate Old on Castle. the North The greatestside of Loch part Assint of the equidistant Grounds within from Caldathe Dykes House stand and veryupon barrenLime-stone being andpoorly yield cover’d fine sweet with shortGrass. Heath The Hill so that above the the Hill Dykes pasture is occasion’dlocal to this the Farm giving being off to thought it those inadequatedetached Grounds for its accommodationbetwixt Auchamore has interjectedand Tumore, with; much The complain’d way to remedy of by this Mr. inconvenience Scobie whose complain’d Grounds itof liesby strikingboth, would off an be, equivalent to extend from the the Pasturage head of theof EderahaldaStrath of Auchamore Westwards next by discontiguousUnapool in lieu along of thethe twoLoch. hundred and eighteen Acres which lies more AILFIN Infield: TownInfield Houses, North and from Yards the hanging Farmstead pretty including much Westwards the Cot 21 2 32 uponInfield the N:South side from of the the March Farmstead Burn with in three Knockon disjoin’d declining pieces graduallyHaugh SouthwardsGround betwixt the Burn in the East Corner 17 - 11 adjoiningRich Meadow the Marches Ground with extending Ledmore along and Ledbegthe March with hasLedbeg been from tilled said Haugh to Cama Loch most part of which 6 - - Sheelings: 1. LiesLoch upon presently the Edge in Corn of the Road to Ledbeg next Cama 2. Liesadjoining South the from Wood the last on the N:W: side of the Hill 3. Liesarable East Land from and No. in 2 Comon the Edge of the Wood being close 4. Lies on the South Edge of Loch Urgill presently in Corn 5. Liesthe longat the Loch Junction that divides of the burnAssint from from the Cogyoch Cama Loch being to Burnshaugh Ground disjoin’d by the Junction of the two 24 THE SURVEY OF ASSYNT Rocky green pasture on the Edge of the Loch and betwixtGround No. 4 and the Wood supposed to be Sheeting Natural Woods: includingNatural aWoods large uponPiece the of NorthWood andnext East Loch sides Urgill of Ailfin and AultnachieWood on the South Edge of the Cama Loch Hills, Moss and rocky Muirish Pasture: Hill pasture mostly green Swarded yielding a variety of Patchessweet Grass of Peat interspers’d Moss partly with covered Lime Craigs with Heatherincluding some 1024 - 14 SouthHigh Side mossy of Cama Ground Loch yielding next the short March Heather with Ledbegupon the at fromthe West Cama disjoin’d Loch to from the longthe restLoch of the Farm by the burn Total Contents: Infield NaturalSheelings Woods 29 - - LochsHills, Moss and rocky Muirish Pasture 2 14 Total 1 17 Observations of Ailfiinthe Infield Farmstead Grounds lies which below hangs the West pretty Side steep of the above Hill them;about Thethe middleSoil is Hillvery abounds.free and fertileAll the and East stands and uponNorth Lime Side Stoneof the with Hill whichis cover’d the whole with pasture,Birch Wood, and (exceptwhich withthe flatethe wholefoggie HillMoss yieldsnext theexcellent West Endsweet of grassy Loch withUrgil Cogyoch), and the high nothing Ground can excelllying betwixtthe richness Cama of theLoch pasture and the upon March the whole Loch theof this Kirktown, Farm which upon isthe esteem’d Heights the of Assint.best and finest grazing Farm, next to PHILIN Infield: Infield adjoining the Farmstead being close Ground and prettyInfield level along having the Shorea dry sandySouth ofsoil the last 89 2-1- theCom Cruves Lands and by the the Bridge side of the Water of Assint between Sheelings: 1. Lies opposite to the Cruive Dyke on the Water of Assint 13- 2. DuchlashLies in the East Corner adjoining the March with 3 2- 3. Liessurdland South of and adjoining a Loch next Loch Drum- 2 - THE SURVEY OF ASSYNT 25 Natural Wood: WoodRemains at theof Wood march mostly with DrumsurdlandOak roots, above next the the Infields Lochs 32 - - interspers’dRocky hill with Pasture Moss abounding with grassy Braes 325 - - Total Contents: Infield 18 2 - NaturalSheelings Woods 75 -1 - LochsHills, Moss and rocky Muirish Pasture 325 - - Total 355 3 - Observations byPhilin, Ardloch This who small, keeps but it chieflyexcellent for Farmwintering for grazinghis Cattle. is presently The Farmstead occupied is Landssituated along at the the Junction Edge of ofthe the Loch Water are ofsea Assint beat withevery Loch high Inver.tide and The are Com all andclose yields and flat early being Crops free ofof bothBaulks; Corn The and Soil Bear. is compos’d All the ofBraes Sand and and Hollows Gravel cutyield for choice Hay. grassy Pasture, and there are many hollow places that would GLENLIRAG Infield: stonyInfield Baulks very almost much oneinterjected half not inwith tillage rocky knows and 26 - - SoilHaugh along the Burn close ground with a rich black 5 2 4 Sheelings: 1. Auch-na-more in two places lying above the Braes next theand BayEast well shelter’d with a good Aspect to the South 10 3 - 2. Lieswith NorthWood ofadjoining the last thein a Bay Hollow presently mostly in encompass’d Com 4 - - 3. DytachanGround sloping next toEastward and North from No. 2 upon a rising 4 2- 4. LiesLoch East from No. 1 upon the West side of a small 2-16 5. LiesDen Northpresently from in theCorn Farmstead a good South towards Aspect the head of a 4 - - 6. ReconiackFarmstead alies good south south of Aspectthe last and East from the 6 3- 7. Liesmuch South South of the last on a rising hillock sloping pretty 11 2 16 8. Lies at the head of a Den East from Knockout 3 - - 9. NareverackBrae sloping lies southward at the march towards with the Poltegarrynach March Burn on a 5 - - 10. Liesend ofSouth a Loch from North and Westnext thefrom Mill Loch in Oura hollow at the 2 1 24 26 THE SURVEY OF ASSYNT A. R. F. 11. AWest large sloping Sheeling pretty next much the to march the South with andNedd East at the 10 3 8 12. Lies on a steep Brae below a craigy Hill adjoining the wardssouth End of Loch-an-loith hanging very steep North- 6 - - 13. Auch-an-loith a bonny sheeling lying centrical to a largeloith andTract the of Hill good of grassyQuinack pasture betwixt Loch-an- 5 Natural Woods: betwixtNatural the Birch Sheelings Wood markt south No. from 10 and the No. Farmstead 11 and 13 1 - EastSteep side rocky of the Braes Bay extending of Nedd fromcover’d the mostly Infield withalong Oak the patchesWood yielding of Ground Grass sometimes intermixt in tillage with long Heath and 50 - - lardTwo at patchesthe march of Woodwith Ardvare South from and next Loch-na-vea KnockourHigh rocky with Hills part along of Clash the South knock side mostly of the cover’d Farm called with pastureHeather with a variety of Dens and Braes yielding coarse 87 2 20 Total Contents: Infield NaturalSheelings Woods 75 3 24 LochsHills, Moss and rocky Muirish Pasture Total Observations Glenlirag, This Large Farmstead on which there are no less than sixteen veryFamilies much residing interjected all Subtenants with Rocks of and Kenneth Baulks Mackinzie. in which areThe a Infieldsgood many are Trees.Side of The a pretty Houses steep about Bank the middlecouch’d of under the Infields Hilly whichGrounds stand which on theprotect Sun cover’dit from thewith Winds, Wood The yielding Braes choiceupon the Grassy South pasture Side of particularly the Burn of Neddthe large are PatchesHollow southalong fromthe Burn the Houses,on each andside goodthereof Meadow-Grass below Quinack in Hill.several Large areAll by the much Hills the to thehighest South and of themost Burn uneven called Grounds Knock Ourupon and the Clash-Knock Farm. The smootherGrounds toSurface the North resembling and along the Point the Marchof Store with more Ardvare than any have of the a muchother HillIf Groundsever a Division upon the of Coasting this Farm Farms. should happen, it might Naturally be mostdrawn proper along placethe Hollow for errecting North aand New South Steading, from Loch-an-a-chian,East from Loch-an-Loith And the considerablewhich would partbe centrical whereof tomight a pretty be easily large converted Tract of goodinto Corngrassy Lands. Pasture a THE SURVEY OF ASSYNT 27 INCHNADAFF a. Infield: Infield South East from and adjoining the Farmstead lyingInfield pretty in theFlat Braes bounded by stone Dykes Eastward 17 stonyfrom theBaulks Farmstead hanging adjoining pretty steep the NorthwardsBurn of Trarigil with 18 andHaugh Stroncruby Ground in atSundry the junction Windings of onthe each Burns side of the Trarigil Burn of Stroncruby being all close and level ground without 20 Sheetings: 1. prettyLies at flatthe andEast close End Ground next Glendu on the top of a Brae 9 - - 2. Liesburn near No. 1 and opposite to it on the West Side of a 3 2 20 3. LiesAssint next and the the March Natural with Wood Tubeg by the Edge of Loch 4-30 4. Liesloidge at mark’t the March in two Burn places with Duchlash called Ault-fie- 5 1- 5. Liesof the East natural of No. Wood 3 opposite to Calda-house at the Edge 2 1 20 SideNatural of Loch Wood Assint in theyielding North Birch lying and Braes grassy along pasture the South 165 - - Hills, Moss and rocky Muirish Pasture: betwixttheMoss interjected steep hanging with RocksPatches and of the meadow Burn of Grass Stroncruby lying 142 - - steepMoss hanging and pasture Rocks Grounds enclos’d East by anof theEarthen Farmstead Dyke and DitchVeigngarrow and Led-Ladnach Hills cover’d with short 300 - - saidHeath Hills interjected which aboundwith Rocks with including Springs theand Braesa variety around of StroncrubyHollow Slacks Burn yielding good Grass all lying West from 2467 1 30 Total Contents: Infield 75 - 20 NaturalSheelings Woods 16524 -1 30- LochsHills, Moss and rocky Muirish Pasture 2909_ _1 30_ Total 3174 - - Observations Inchnadaff Farmstead lies pretty much exposed to the Westerly Winds comingare very oil Wet Loch as Assint; they borderThe out-Skirts upon the of Moss, the Infields but the adjoining Haughs the along Houses the Burnmake fromrich LochMeadow-Ground; Ha are pretty The dry Braeyielding Eastward good Corn from and the when Farmstead in Grass hangingbroke with Northward craigy Baulksis a thin and sharp large Soil Stones.all upon The Lime-Stone Sheelings but next a good Glendu deal 28 THE SURVEY OF ASSYNT Allare muchthe rocky in the Braes same next situation Glendu and both quality above with and the below last mentioned the high hanging Infield. butCraigs there yield are good many Grass patches and Cloversof Grass intermixt that are with cut somefor Hay piles in of the Heather, Braes aroundbetwixt itthe yield Infield good anddry heatherySheelings. Pasture Veigngarrow with Greens Hill andabout all the the Sources Braes Ladnochof the Springs abounds and withsides longof the heather. Braes; the East End of the Hill called Led- theIn rapid the lowercourse Part of theof theWaters Hill thereissuing are from a great the Hillmany and Breaches running made upon by a rockyheard andChannel seen makingon the Road great from depredations the opposite and Side. a hideous noise which is INVER Corn Lands about the Farm Houses very much broke and interjecteda good stool with of Oak Rocks and Baulks which last abound with 12 - - Sheelings: 1. LiesCruives about on the Watermiddle ofof Assint the Farm markt and in opposite two places to the ^ 3 - 2. Bad-na-cona Loch on the lies March at the with North Brackloch end of the Farm adjoining 2 2- 3. A small Sheeling next Brackloch Farmstead 12- Birch Wood on the Braes along the marches with BattachriananPasture and Loch Beanoch yielding good grassy 42 - - Rocky Hills and Moss cover’d with short Heath includingand coarse sundry pasture Hollows and Braes yielding good Grass 450 3 - of SheelingsTorbreck lyingcalled to Ard-roe the West markt of Baddidarroch in two places and alongside south of TwoLoch other Ardroe Sheelings adjoining the Salt Water Lake next 25 2 20 AuckmelvickTwo small Sheelings at the march with Baddidarroch 46 2- 20- pastureRugged, of thehigh above and barrenSix Sheelings rocky Ground being the out- 428 2 - Total Contents: Infield 12 - - NaturalSheelings Woods 4252 - - LochsHills, Moss and rocky Muirish Pasture 879 1 - Total 985 1 - Observations of TheAssint Farm with of that Inver Bay lies of pleasantly the Sea called situated Loch at theInver confluence which next of the to Kyle’sWater Coast.Cu is esteem’d the safest and most commodious Harbour upon the Western THE SURVEY OF ASSYNT 29 rendersThe great it at resort once ofboth Shipping delightsome here, occasionedand profitable. by the Mr. Herring Campbell Fishing, the himselfpresent andpossessor very communicativeseemingly enjoys and it obliging much, tobeing all thean seafaringexcellent people.Fisher toNothing this place; can excell all the or Sortsrarely of equall both thefresh great and variety Salt Water of the Fish Fishing being peculiar got in theEighty greatest sail atperfection once to asthe well place as Herringand have which been has seen brought lying fromhere threeFifty toor jectedfour Months. with Rocks The Cornand Baulks,Lands arethe indeedlast is fullthe ofpoorest Oak Roots, soil, and which most appears inter- to Thehave Sheeling been it’s places Original North production. from the Houses are pretty close Ground, and placesbetter aboutadapted Loch for Ardroetillage arethan pretty the Infields. close, and The free other of Baulks detached and Sheelingwhen in Comby way yield of andouble Appendix the quantity to Inver of might the Infields be let inabout a Farm the byHouses. itself Thisas there being is therea good is landinga Sheehng place on whichin the aCreek new Farmsteadat the march might of beBaddidarroch errected. where INVER CHIRKAG Infield: ChirkagInfield being about close the GroundFarmstead at the East End of Loch 12 - - LochInfield and about interjected the Subset with StonyHouses Baulks on the North side of the Sheetings: 1. Lies in Hollow next the Sea Coast 3 29 2. Lies next the Farmstead above the Water of Chirkag 20 3 . Lies East of the last 2 4. theLies Water East of Side No. 3 in the middle of a bank of Wood above 5. LiesCulack at the End of the Fewan Loch next the March with Natural Woods: sistingWood of in Birch the andBraes Oak along the March with Culack con- 40 Oak,Braes Birch along Hazel the &c.Water of Chirkag yielding tall thriving 45 yieldingRocky Grass Hill Pasture interspers’d with Moss, with Braes 935 39 Four Lochs 12 32 Sheetings: A Small Sheeling at the Junction of two Bums next the FewanSheeling Loch at the East Comer adjoining Cama Loch and the 12- MarchAnother with Sheeling Ledbeg upon the said March with Brackloch 41 _- - Hill Pasture lying betwixt Culack and Ledbeg including allgood the dry South rocky Side Pasture of the for Sugar Sheep Loaf and GoatsMountain yielding 1284 THE SURVEY OF ASSYNT Total Contents: R. F. Infield NaturalSheelings Woods Hills,Lochs Moss and rocky Muirish Pasture 221912 Total 23T8 3 - Observations BranchInver ofChirkag the Sea lies call’d at Lochthe Junction Chirkag. ofThe the Farmstead Water of is Chirkag almost Seatwith Beatthat everyat low high Water, tide; which There together is a pretty with large the fineTract extensive of Sands Bank and Beachof natural appearing Wood theupon Place. the Cogyoch The Infields Side ofabout the Waterthe Farmstead and Loch, are add pretty greatly level, to the and beauty all close of HousesGround, lyewith North scarce from any Baulks,the Farmstead and of a aboutdry sandy the Soil.middle All ofthe Corn Subtenants Fields, drawnfull of up.stony The Baulks Hill Pastureat the Northis generally End ofvery the poor,Loch butwhere dry the and Boats good arefor whichSheep andafford Goats, good except Pasture about and the shelter. outsides, The and high among Tract the of naturalrocky Grounds Woods, butextending affords from good thePasture Farmstead about theto SheelingsInver Chirkag along Point,the Sea is Banks. mostly There barren is ofa large the Soalving Tract of orPasture Sugar detach’dLoaf Mountain from the and Farm betwixt lying the upon Marches the South of Culack Side aand pretty Ledbeg, good which variety ’tho’ of the pasture greatest for part Goats, be remarkablySheep, and rocky,all sorts yet of it Bestial. affords

KIRKTOWNand GLENDU with the ox-gates of CULACK, CAMORE Infield: belowInfield the GroundCraigs and around betwixt the theManse Bum House of Trarigil including and theall andMarch Meadow Burn toGrass the West, the most part of which is Arable, 38 - - PollandrainInfield in twoyielding Folds good adjoining Corn the Burns of Trarigil and 8 1 - Sheelings in three Folds East of the last along the North hangingside of the pretty Burn much of Trarigil Southward adjoining the Grass of Camore 25 3 - SteadingsInfield Groundsof Three belowTenements, the Ridge and ofa piece Rocks of including Arable Land the whichat the belongsInver of to the the Burn Glebe of Trarigiland was with formerly Loch inAssint Run partRidge; of rockyThese HillocksGrounds thatare onlyso much one fourthinterjected may bewith reckon’d Baulks Corn and Grass of Camore East of the Sheelings and North of the yieldsBurn ofgood Trarigil Grass about but the one Hill third part whereof is steep along and rockythe Burn 461 - - THE SURVEY OF ASSYNT 31 fineSheelings Grass in the Hollow of Glendu mostly arable yielding Moss interjected with Braes and Slacks cover’d mostly withSide ofHeather Connivel yielding Hill being grassy mostly Pasture inaccessible including the South Sheelings belonging to the Glebe and Culack: 1. LiesManse above and Glebethe Green markt Ridge in two of places Rocks North from the 2 32 2. Lies West of the last and North of Cullack 3. Lies next the March with Ederahalda called Poldubra 2 Hills, Moss and rocky Muirish Pasture: Fine sweet grassy Pasture interjected among the Lime StoneRocky Craigs Hill betwixt with the the Den Arable upon Land each andSide theof theHill Burn of 484 3 - thePollandrain Braes at and the SheelingSouth Side at theof the head Hill thereof along together the Marches with withcoarse Lord gray RaePasture yielding Heather with sundry Patches of 1022 - 8 Total Contents: Infield 116 1 - NaturalSheelings Woods 95 3 32 LochsHills, Moss and rocky Muirish Pasture 2912 2 8 Total 3124 3 - Observations InfieldKirktown of which comprehending lies partly in theRun Manse, Ridge withCulack, each Camore, other. The and Glebe Glendu, Infields the Craigslie about which the Manseshelter House it from and the betwixt Northerly it and Winds. the high Part Ridge of the of ComLime LandsStone withnext the EndOxgates of the of LochCamore, South but from as both the CulackKirk are and said Camore to be inare Run presently Ridge havelet to not the been Parson much and attended have been to. let to his predecessors these distinctions LimeNothing Stone can Craigs excell which the goodnessextends alongof the theGrass whole throughout length ofthe the Ridge Farm: of PastureFrom the is Marchremarkably at the fertile West abounding End to the with head the of finest Glendu sweet at theGrass; East, with the a hangingvast variety mostly of hollowSouthwards. Slacks and grassy Banks like so many Terraces all so Thestony, Sheeling as to preventplaces have their all being a rich laboured and sharp with Soil, a withPlough: few Theyparts arein them also greatlyThe only enriched Hill Sheelingby toathing. lies at the head of the Burn of Polandrain, where bythere the is sidesa spacious of which Corry Mountain, bounded and by thealong Connivel the Burn on ofthe Polandrain, North and thereEast; lyingare several betwixt Patches the head of ofGreens the Burn, and andcoarse the Grass, remarkable mixt Linnwith orlong Water Heather, Fall, whichway up is the surprisingly Hill it affords grand, no grazingand dreadfully but in the awfull. summer As theSeason. Corry The lies Sheeling a great 32 THE SURVEY OF ASSYNT theat the Summer upper Season.end of this There Corry is no likewise farm in affords the height little of or Assint no Pasturage that can butweigh in Aspectwith the to above the Sun possession and being if oneconsider’d continued as a Tract grazing of Lime-Stone;Farm having The the Snow best managementlies less upon ofit anthan industrious any of the and neighbouring skillfull Tenant Farms, might and be if of under double the I suchmay safelya Tacksman say triple after value all. to the Proprietor and yield a genteel living to KNOCKON Infield: LimeInfield Stone a richhillocks black and Loam Baulks very yielding much interjectedexcellent Grasswith includingInfields thedisjoin’d stances from of Houses the Farmstead and all within by meadow the Dykes and mossPlan eachGround of whichand their are Contents enclo’d byseparately Dykes declining markt upon pretty the ormuch Baulks Westward to interrupt and pretty the tillage close with scarce any Stones Sheelings: 1. Lies towards the West End of the blind Burn 2. Lies East of the last about the middle of the Bum

Hills, Moss and rocky Muirish Pasture: Wet meadow Ground South of the Farmstead includingGrassy allPasture to the N;Ground and W: interjected of the gross among dotted the Line Infields being somemostly patches all green of Moss swarded mixt and with interjected Heath with Rocks and HeathHill Pastureand coarse consisting Grass in mostly the Dens of Mossand Braes coverd including with short all offrom Aultnachie the above and dotted the Crown*line to the marches with the Farm Total Contents: Infield NaturalSheelings Woods Total 2235 3 - Observations Knockon Farmstead lies among a Groupe of Lime Stone Craigs at the veryNorth much End interjectedof the Farm with next Rocks the March and Baulks with Ailfin. that yieldThe Cornexcellent Lands Grass are the* FortyThe estate Five. of Coigach, forfeited by George, 3rd Earl of Cromartie after A cas-chrdm (from text accompanying Plan No. 1).

Cottages by Loch Assynt (from Plan No. 10). Part of farm of Oldany (from Plan No. 1). THE SURVEY OF ASSYNT 33 exceedingwhich is preserved good quality and beingcut for all Winter of a black provender. free loamy The CornSoil. LandAll that is ofPart an Line,of the is Hill mostly Ground all fine lying green next sweet the Grass Corn withLands a very and littlewithin mixture the dotted of Heath ink teraneousand Moss. passageThe Blind under Burn Ground is so socalled that because the Burn the is Wateronly known runs in in amany sub- seperatesPlaces by theinto prodigeous two branches noise which it makes divides when the one Farmpasses into over four it; This quarters. Burn prettyAll the centrical Sheeling to Places the hilllye onPasture, the North the Sidegreatest of the part above whereof Burn andis very are therugged Hollows barren and Heath Braes. with very little mixture of other Grass excepting in LEDBEG Infield: Infields within the Dykes including improveable Braes andone Meadowhalf whereof Grass may Grounds be computed with subset Tillable Houses and Yards, 85 - - of ALedbeg Corn Field upon the South Side of the Hill to the N:W: 12 2 16 LimeInfield Kiln upon the South Side of the Burn opposite to the 6 - - ingInfield to three or CroftSubtenants Land along with thethe March Stances with of Layntheir belong-Houses andCorn Yards Lands South from the Infields, lying within new 10 - - DykesA Croft East of the Houses possess’d by John Mackinzie 4 3 22 andMeadow Niel Clemen Ridges yielding excellent Grass and sometimes 4 2- LochCom extending along the Burn from Ledmore to Cama 34 - - Sheelings: 1. LiesHillock at theand East markt End in oftwo the places Cama Loch disjoin’d by a 5 3 12 2. LiesMarch at withthe South Ailfin End of the Cama Loch and next the 3. Lies west of No. 1 on the North Side of the Cama Loch 4. Comprehends four disjoin’d Sheeling places called allAult-a-chroisk each of which are markt on the plan in 9 2 5 5. Liesthe natural on the WestWood Side of the Hill towards the N: End of 6. Lies next to and North from the Infields 7. LiesWood next Loch Ha adjoining the Remains of a Natural 6 8. LiesLedbeg N: andfrom Loch the HaInfields and betwixt the House of 4 9. Comprehends four Sheelings upon the North Side of planCrock-na-Stroan-Hill containing in all each of which are markt upon the 28 10. Ault-an-priest on the East side of the Bum 20 C 34 THE SURVEY OF ASSYNT CattleBrackloch in the subsetWestern to Johnparts Mackinzieof the Farm who herds Ardloch’s LochFine on Meadow each side Grass the Burnbetwixt the Croft Land* and Cama Natural Woods: of Steepthe Loch Braes at yieldingthe March Natural with CogyochBirch Wood along the Side 15 - - chroiskWood Burn on the Side of the Hill of Ledbeg next Ault-an- 65 3 - NorthWood side a greatof the part Hill ofnext which Loch has Ha lately been cut, on the 12 - - Hills, Moss and rocky Muirish Pasture: lyingPasture S:W: ofGround Cama Lochcomprehending and ’twixt thatthe burn Ridge of Bracklochof Rocks andGood the Grassymarch withpasture Cogyoch Ground interjected with Rocks and grosspatches dotted of Moss Line comprehending markt A,B,C, allupon to thethe S:Plan and andE: oflying the Cama‘twixt Lochthe same and fromand thethe burnW: End of Ledbeg thereof ’tillby theit joins Burn the of aBrackloch good aspect to the to Marchthe South with and Inver-chirkag East all which having comprehendingPasture Ground all E:upon of thethe burn N: Side of Ledbeg of Crock along na stroan the March Hill ofwith which Layn from to the the March great withabundance Balnagowan of Springs the greatest yields goodpart GrassHigh barren rocky Grounds within the gross dotted 846 - - Linesloaf Mountain and the Marchesbeing almost to the useless N:W: by Canusp and Sugar 3575 2 27 Sixteen Lochs containing in all Total Contents: Infield NaturalSheelings Woods LochsHills, Moss and rocky Muirish Pasture Total 10813 - 10 Observations hearingLedbeg of Farmstead a very diverting is situated Linn by ora BurnWater side Fall near under to and a withinWooden sight Bridge and which givesis the access Principal to and one from in the the Parish, House consistingpossess’d by of Ardlochtwo Stories, the Factor,a view Theof which Corn withLands, the or Offices Infields is lyeexhibited mostly belowall within the thedesignation Dykes which of the enclose Plan. someCorn Landsrich meadow but which Grass Moss and so small interjected Psyches is ofdaily Moss diminishing interjected by with casting the ofafterwards the Moss, yield and plantinggood Corn. Potatoes Great upon part theof theworn arable out parts Lands thereof, have whichlately * i.e. infield of Brackloch immediately above. THE SURVEY OF ASSYNT 35 been Limed, by quarrying and burning the Stones found upon the Grounds withinHouse. theThe Dykes; good Effectssee the ofquarry liming and appears Kiln abovevery conspicuouslythe Linn North from of the greatare no Crops other bothinstances of Com of the and utility Grass. of ’Tisworking remarkably the Lime strange Stone, thatfor all there the Nothingimmense couldTracts tend of itso whichmuch torun the along enriching the whole of the Height Pasture of than the layingCountry! on limeAll upon within the the most dotted barren ink parts Line of mark’tthe dry A,B,C,D, heathy knows upon andthe Braes.Plan com- prehendsmore than the one most half valuable of the extent of the of Pasture the whole. and Grass Grounds and is little andThe declivity Sheeling to Placesthe South lye withinand East, the exceptabove Line,these uponand have the Northa fine SideAspect of grassyCrockna Pasture. stroan Hill,All whichthe North have anda North West Exposure, Side of thebut situateHill above among Ledbeg good reducedfrom Cama by cutting,Loch to the Loch whole Ha of is it cover’dis green yieldingwith Birch very Wood fine sweet very grassymuch Pasture.The large Tract North and West of the dotted Line lying South East of barrenthe Sugar Grounds Loaf andin the Canusp Whole Mountains Parish; That are wellpart knownNorth toof Aultachroiskbe the most Bumis scarcely consists one almost Pile of intirely Heather of to Craigs be seen. and Thewatery high Lochs, Ridge onof whichcraigy thereHills betwixtuneven yetthe yieldsSugar someLoaf coarseand Aultachroisk benty Grass ’tho’and heatherremarkably also ruggedvery much and interjectedThat Tract with of GroundCraigs and South pools of ofCama Water. Loch and betwixt the March Loch beingand Bum mostly of Bracklochdry Ground yields is pretty a pretty well thickadapted swaird for Sheepof short Pasture. Heather and LEDMORE a. Infields: LedbegInfields upon North the Hillfrom Side the having Houses a goodabove South the AspectRoad toin threeeach aredisjoin’d markt Fieldsupon theenclosed Plan containingby Dykes inthe all Contents of 10 1 7 theInfields Bums marktfrom Ledbeg in five places and Loch next Boralan the Houses and betwixt 9 2 - ThreeInfields Corn in six Folds Places next on Lochthe South Boralan Side below of the the Bum Road from 18 2 30 LochInfield Boralan subset to two Tenants next the March with Ailfin 29 2 18 marktMeadow in three Grass places along the Burn from the Infields next the 11 1 32 Housesand Corn to when the March in tillage with Ailfin yielding excellent Grass, 15 Sheetings: 1. LiesMarch on with the BalnagowanNorth Side of Loch Boralan adjoining the 1 3 - 2. Liesthe natural on the SouthWood Side of Loch Boralant in the middle of 3 3. AspectLies on andthe Northdechvity Side of Loch Urgill havng a fine South 10 3 12 4. LiesUrgill East of the last and upon the same side of Loch 6 THE SURVEY OF ASSYNT alongFine the Sheeting March GreensBurn with on the Cromald East Side of Loch Urgill and 11 BoralanPatches of natural Wood on the South Side of Loch 24 Hills, Moss and rocky Muirish Pasture: The South Side of Crock-na Stroan Hill including all the PastureBurn of Lochinterjected Boralan with to the the March Corn alongLand the North summit from of the excellentHill with dryLedbeg Pasture the greatest part of which is green and 679 dottedHilly LinePasture including Grounds all tofrom the theN: andWest W: End of theof grossLoch Boralanmost valuable to the Pasture March andwith Grass Ailfin Grounds comprehending all the 583 21 yieldingWet Moss very poorto the Pasture S: and E: of the said dotted Line 600 Loch Boralan 97 Total Contents: Infield 94 2 7 NaturalSheelings Woods 3224 2- 12- LochHill, Moss and rocky Muirish Pasture 186297 -3 21- Total Observations Ledmore Farmstead is very commodiously situated betwixt two Bums andor Infields on each lye Side on theeach principal Side the Road Burn to from Tain Loch and Dornock;Boralen and The are Corn of Landsa rich blackAll theloamy Sheeling soil having Places a exceptgentle declivityNo. 3 and and No. south 4 upon [sic]. the Side of Loch AspectUrgil lye except within No. the 2 viewwhich of lies the among Farmstead the Birch and haveWood all on a thegood Edge South of prettyLoch Boralan; good Pasture All to particularly the North andthe SouthWest ofSide the of dotted Knock-na-stroan ink Line yields Hill naturalbeing all Wood; sweet South green and swairded East of Grass the dotted growing Line upon the pasturethe Remains is good of for a andnothing Burn being where all there wet foggedis a narrow Moss Stripexcepting of good about Grass. the Edge of the Loch LITTLE ASSINT a. r. f. Infields about the Farmstead and Cot Houses 18 - 32 Sheelings: 1. Lies at the Edge of Loch Assint adjoining the Wood 2 - - 2. Liesgreen atknow the slopingWest Endmostly of toLoch-an-atea the South and on East a bonny 5 - 10 3. Lies South West from the last sloping gently southward 4 - - 4. LiesSouth next West to and North from the Farmstead sloping 3 3 - THE SURVEY OF ASSYNT Natural Woods: Wood along the West End of Loch Assint extending from Loch-an-a-teafour places to the Farmstead as markt upon the plan in in Woodthe North at the West march Comer with Lochbetween Beanoch two Lochs and Poltecarrican

Total Contents: Infield NaturalSheelings Woods 14 3 10 LochsHills, Moss and rocky Muirish Pasture Total Observations theLittle lowest Assint situation lies pretty of any much other in Farm the center except of those the Parish along andthe Seais perhaps Coast. whichThe Farmstead protect it lies from very the snug North under and Cover Westerly of a Winds.Tract of The high natural hilly Grounds Woods thatwhich Quarter, stand uponthat withouta rising it Ground would have to the a strong North effect, and East, coming screen of the it Water from riseof the gradually Loch; The upon opening the opposite towards side the of South the Water; is pretty This spacious, Farm ’tho’ as the of smallHills extentamong isthe well Woods, accommodate which afford with excellent a large proportion Shelter and of makesrich grassy a convenient Pasture Winteringand Tumore to &c.,the presentbeing the Tacksman highest FarmsMr. Scobbie, upon thewho North farms side Auchamore of Loch Assint.Loam yielding The Infield both or Corn Corn and Land Grass adjoining in the greatestthe Farmstead Luxuriance; is a rich The fertile first Mr.specimen Scobbie, of sownin a small Grass Inclosure that ever adjoining was made the in House, the Country which wasdoes made him and by thesaw, Country each Stalk great being credit; incredibly for such great, stalks resembling of red Clover the thicknessthe surveyor of a neverlarge peculiarlyBean when famous cut in forthe producingMonth of July.the greatest ’Tho’ this variety Country of fine is naturalallowed Grassto be yetmakes the an advantage earlier Crop of sowing than the Grass natural would Grass, be no and small if sown improvement, upon the Cornas it wantLands ofmight which be thousandsCut or mow’n of Cattlein the ordinaryhave perished way for of Haylate inyears Winter: in this for prudent.Country: when this Gentleman saved his, by being more attentive and willWhen follow leases his Example.are granted it is not to be doubted but most or all the people LOCH BEANOCH a. r. f. BaulksInfields next sloping the Farm gently steadings southwards with some stony 20 2 32 Sheelings: 1. Lies South of the Infields in a Slack betwixt two Hills 3 2- 2. Lies at the South End of the Loch of Loch Beanoch 2 - 26 THE SURVEY OF ASSYNT 3. Liessloping at thesouthward North end of the Loch on the brow of a Hill 2 3 28 4. LiesLoch at the North West Corner in a Hollow adjoining the 10 1 20 5. Lies South of the last on the West side of the Loch 5 1 10 6. Lies betwixt two Lochs West of Loch-an-tuirrig 4 - 32 Natural Woods: Natural Wood in the Brae at the march adjoining Loch LyneIslands of Loch Beanoch cover’d with Wood 167 -1 - CoarseRocky Grass hill Pasture and Moss cover’d with Heather and 1731 2 31 Six Lochs containing in all 215 1 21 Total Contents: Infield 20 2 32 NaturalSheelings Woods 2328 1 36- LochsHill, Moss and rocky Muirish Pasture 1731215 21 3121 Total Obsekvations 2019 2 - Loch Beanoch Farmstead lies at the End of the Farm at the March with theLittle South Assint, and TheEast Infieldand is prettyhas a wellconvenient shelter’d declivity by the Hillsand whichaspect surround towards it.interjected The Infields therewith, ly pretty the compact Ground withis a light a few black grassy Soil Baulks and yields and some good Rocks Com. them.This Farm There is occupiedare Seven by Sheeling four Tacksman Places uponwho have this itFarm Run-Ridge about amongstone half whereofAll the is Sheeling presently Places in Corn ly nearwhich the is Farmremarkably Houses rich except and No.luxuriant. 7 which lies towardsgeneraly thecoarse South and end abounds about mostly three Mileswith largedistant. Tracts All ofthe Wet hill Moss.pasture The is frombest Pasturewhich the lies Farm next takesthe Infields its name. and The arround Islands the in Loch this Lochof Loch are Beanoch covered Boatwith Woodon it. which are quite inaccessible as the Loch is very deep and no LAYN A. R. F. Infield: of InfieldsHouses andadjoining Yards the Farmstead including the Stances 7 3- goodInfield Meadow West Grass from the last being a hillock surrounded by 4 1- inclosedInfield by North an earthen of the Dykelast on each side the Kirk Road 9 2- Sheelings: 1. Lies by the Edge of the Kirk Road next the Infield 13- 2. LiesHa North of No. 1 and betwixt the Kirk Road and Loch 7-34 THE SURVEY OF ASSYNT 3. Lies at the North End of Loch Ha 4. Lies at the South End of the Hill of Binuran 5. Lies South from the last adjoining the Bum of Layn Part of the South and West side of the Hill of Binuran andcoarse South greenish side ofPasture Braeback interjected Hill yielding with for excellent the most grassy part PartsHollows around and thePatches Farmstead of meadow and the GrassSheelings upon the low Total Contents: Infield NaturalSheelings Woods 24 - 21 LochsHills, Moss and rocky Muirish Pasture 1726 1 19 1772 - - Observations adjoiningLayn Farmstead it and the lies other upon two the disjoinedNorth Side Fields of the are Burn; a rich The loamy Infield Soil Ground and haveGrounds a gradual around declivity the Sheeling and Aspect places toare the exceeding South and good West. abounding The pasture with jectedfine grassy with pasturemany excellent upon the green South patches and West along Sides the ofBurn Binuran and Loch Hill, Hainter- to theThe March only with barren Stroncruby. Ground upon this Farm is that next the March with Balnagowanyielding short upon Heather. the South End of Braeback Hill being high rocky Ground NEDD Infields around the Farm-steadings markt in two places Baulkslying on each side of the Road a rich fertile soil with narrow Sheelings: 1. Lies North from the Infield at the Bay of Nedd 7 32 2. Liesclose SouthLand of the Infields on each side the Burn good 3. Liessloping next South to and and South West of the last on a rising Ground 4. Lies East of the Farmstead and adjoining the Wood 5. Lieswith atLoch the BeanochWest end of Loch-an-a-chalick at the march 6. Lies in a hollow Slack West of No. 1 Natural Wood in the Braes above the Bay of Nedd thrivingadjoining Birch the andmarch Hazel with and Glenlirag yielding goodconsisting grassy of pasture good 30 1 32 braesHill yields pasture Grass Grounds mostly green swarded with rocky 911 - 19 Two Lochs 19 - 37 40 THE SURVEY OF ASSYNT Total Contents: Infield 1 NaturalSheelings Woods 31 32 LochsHills, Moss and rocky Muirish Pasture Total Observations Nedd, the Farmstead lies remarkably snug by the Edge of the Bay, extendingwhich is an a considerableexcellent safe way Harbour. to the EastThe Infieldsof the Houses.ly in a Thehollow beautifull Slack, isBank truely of romantick,Wood of Glenlirag and adds along greatly the to opposite the rural side, beauty hanging of this over Farmstead. the Bay, thatThe finebeautifull Brae of Green Wood Hill next called Glenlirag Knock affords Goram very lying rich at theGrass, East as end does of also the dryFarm. heathy All the Pasture. other Hill Grounds are more barren but afford pretty good OLDERNAY A. Infield: WestInfield of nextthe Mill to and Burn adjoining to the the Ebb, Farmstead, with rocky including Baulks, all meadowA Bank Grass of Corn and StancesLand South of Houses from and Yardsadjoining Loch 18 NorthwardOldernay with few Baulks in it, and sloping pretty much 8 beingInfield a flat West in fromthe Hill the ’twixtFarmstead two Braesnext Knock and so Oldernay close as mightInfield be easilyat the ploug’d March with Culkein much broke with 4 rockyCorn Baulks Lands andinterjected Hillocks with the Wood at the Ebb 145 Sheelings lying within the Dykes alternately in Corn and Grass: 1. andLies Lochnear thePoule Junction exclusive of theof a Burnspretty from large Loch Space na of brake grass tillageGrounds adjoining it part of which may be brought into 4 2. Lies at the West End of Loch na brake mostly inclosed withshelter natural for Cattle Wood affording excellent pasture and 3 3. Liesand alongnear the the SeaRoad Coast to Storeat the South End of the Wood 3 4. browa,Lies at havingthe upper a fine End Aspect of the and Den declivity East from southwards; Loch na byerrect dividing a new thisSteading Farm it might be a proper place to 8 5. LiesLoch by Poule the Edge of a small Loch and ’twixt the last and 5 2 - 6. LiesGrianan upon a hillock and below a Craig adjoining Loch 3 1 7. Lieshill East south of of Garro Loch Loch Poule and on the North side of a 3 THE SURVEY OF ASSYNT 41 8. saidIs a bonnyHill Sheeling East of the last also on the side of 10 9. Lies at the East End of Loch Poule where three Burns pastureunite and and about Moss the Grounds center of a large Tract of grassy 6 10. Liessouth East of Loch of the tomavanW last and adjoining the natural Wood 4 11. Liesgrassy South pasture of No. 8 on a hillock surrounded with good 3 12. Liesmuch at thereto the North End of Loch Crocken, hanging pretty 4 13. Lies at the North End of Loch Prestanie on which there Comis a house growing steading thereon occupied by a Man sent to herd the 6 Natural Woods yielding good grassy Pasture <&c.: Steep Braes and hilly Grounds along the Bay of Oldemay Hazelcover’d with good thriving Birch with some few Oaks and 72 withSteep Culkein, Braes cover’d on each mostly side of with Lochnahrake Birch pretty at thickthe March 10 CulkienRocky mostly Braes Birch, adjoining but in Loch many Poule places also very at thin the March 10 thickSteep Birch rocky Braes at the West End of Loch Poule pretty 18 thinSteep Birch rocky Brae at the south side of Loch-an-tomavante 15 ’twixtNatural the WoodIsland consistingand Ebb almostpartly ofencompass’d Oak, Birch by and the Hazel Sea at every high Tide 38 Island of Oldernay: Infield on the East End of the Island near to which is FieldMackaskel’s is pretty House close who and herds could Cattle he easily in the plough’d Island; withThis Horses,Sheeling there called being Auchakyle few or no situate rocky atBaulks the South in it End of a 15 hollowbe cut forwhich Hay, yields This richhollow Grass extends a great over part the whereofwhole breadth might of Naturalthe Island wood North of Auchakyle Sheeling 135 heights,Uneven and Hill on theGround hollows mostly and braescover’d various with sortsheath of on coarse the goodand fine pasture pasture for and Sheep patches and ofCattle, meadow reserved Grass allmostly yielding for LandWintering on as the Snow lies less on it, than on the main 412 theInterjected Infields Grass and pasture lying within the Square of 38 withinRocky the Hills, bounding Moss of and the Muir Farm grounds exclusive comprehending of the above and all greatin which part are whereof included is valuable a variety especially of different about sorts the of Sheelings pasture andClashnessie the Sea Banks ’twixt the wood and March with 2268 42 THE SURVEY OF ASSYNT A. R. F. EighteenIsland of LochsPuna yieldingnot included good inpasture the above 15519 23 2030 Total Contents: Infield 65 3 34 NaturalSheelings Woods 17772 3 3211 LochsHills, Moss and rocky Muirish Pasture 2739155 2 2010 Total Observations 3211 3 27 The Farm of Oldernay is held in repute to be the most commodious on the Assintother coasting Estate and Farms, is so bothin the in Surveyor’s the quality opinion, and extent as it excellsof the Grassalmost and all Pastures;value for grazingThe large by breedingTracts of young natural Cattle Woods and uponsheltering it add them greatly in Winter. to its rockyThe Farmstead Hill, the Coaststands sides snugly of whichsituated are under cover’d the withCover a offine a prettythriving high Wood, and whichalong thescreens Sea Banksit from about the North a Mile and and Westerly a half yielding Winds; all This along Wood good extends grassy seldompasture liesand upon affords the the shore, greatest nor upon protection the Island, in time which of storms,affords theas the choicest snow withPasture good for grassyboth Sheep Pasture, and butCattle. less All valuable the other in disjoin’dstorms, whenWoods the abound snow Landslies, in orproportion Infields contiguous to the distance to the they Farmsteadings are at from are the all Shore. of a light The blackCorn Thesesoil, and Fields such marktlike are No. the 1whole and No.Grounds 4 upon in tillagethe Plan along are the remarkably Coast of Assint; fertile whichbeing mayeasily be got owing in greatto their plenty vicinity from to thethat Sea large Ware, sandy that Creekexcellent of theManure Sea muchcalled thebroke Ebb and adjoining interjected these withGrounds; Rocks, All andthe CornStony Lands Baulks, are morewhich or lastless cutyield and excellent made intocrops Hay of whenGrass, thewhich Seasons by the are mostfavourable industrious for winning people it,is notbut muchthe Fishings larger quantities interfere muchmight withbe made, this ifusefull due attention Work, particularly were given, thedid herringmust be Fishing, allowed towhich be of has general of late benefit ingross’d to all their the Countrychief attention: , as both but Servants which otherand Masters by the reapSale theirof Cattle, advantage especially in it, Sheep, the one which for theirsell very labour, high and to the Sailors,Nothing and can others exceed employed the richness at the and Fishery. luxuriance of both Corn and Bear, growingwhich this to theand height all the of Coasting an ordinary Farms Man, upon particularly the Estate Bear produce, which isboth the one,principal which Crop, however yielding incredible no less tofor peoplecommon unacquainted than sixty peckswith thefrom Country sowing astonishis allowed a toStranger be the caseis, the by manner all who ofreside labouring in it. But their that Grounds, which wouldwhich mostthey ofdo aby Plough a Machine like the call’d figure a Carscroam here prefix’d being and a thuscrooked pushing stick beforelike the him Coulter with bothsevere hands and tediousand his mannerfoot performs their tillagethe Work is carryed like an onebb throughout ploughing; allin thisthe strengthcoasting Farms,and number and it of would the people surprise so athat Stranger they wouldwho knew not readilynothing believe of the soway. great an extent of Ground as they have in tillage could be done in this THE SURVEY OF ASSYNT 43 Much labour and time is consumed here for want of labouring Tools and businessother Implements of life, for therenecessary is neither for carryingTools Mechanic’s on with [sic]facility in all the the ordinaryCountry beand reconciled none but to themselves their way whoof labouring. have been accustomed to no other could remarkablyThere are fertilethirteen than Sheehng the Infield places Ground upon beingthis Farmrichly whichtoathed are and no when less thein Corn Sheelings yield asso luxuriantly;much enriched There by aretoathing several that places considerable about the additionsDykes of might’till ploughing be made such to themGrounds but as cannot will admitt be an of object it be introduced so worthy amongof attention them; besidesThere isthe on Miller this possessionand Herd whosix Tenemantsresides in the or Island,Cot-houses and alsofor Servantsone who belongingmoves from to onethe SheelingFarm call’d to another, Prestanie, now taking living care at the of remotestthe Corn Sheelinggrowing thereon;her at pleasure These accordingpeople all tohold the of practice their Landlady of the Country. and are bound to serve (POLGARVIER: see DUCHLASH) REINTRAID adjoiningInfield theabout Sea the Farmstead on each side the Burn Sheelings: 1. Lies South from the Houses surrounded with Wood 2 1 24 2. Liesadjoining East thefrom Wood the Farmstead on the top of the Bank 2 3- of Woodsthe Farm along including the March the withDens Ardvare and Braes covering along boththe Coast sides andPasture march with Unapool yielding Birch and good grassy ByreHill of Pasture Quinack including the great grassy Hollow called the Total Contents: Infield NaturalSheelings Woods LochsHills, Moss and rocky Muirish Pasture Total Observations The Farm of Reintraid is situate near the Sea Bank in a Hollow sur- roundedall the Year by Wood; round Itfor is which presently it is letvery to naturallyMr. Gordon adapted. who keeps There it foris no grazing more byGround the Peoplekeept inwho tillage herd but the the Cattle Infield for about their theMaster, Houses who which allows is labouredthem to labourat the soSouth much and as paysWest them End for of their the trouble.Farm yielding The Woods excellent along grassthe Coast and calledShelter, the And Byre also of theQuinack Braes which and hollow makes slacksa large particularly Summer Sheeling. the great Flat 44 THE SURVEY OF ASSYNT STORE A. R. F. Infield: Infield or Croft Land next to and adjoining the Farm- Yardsstead beingcontaining good closein all Ground with stances of Houses and 15 2 19 FarmsteadInfield South part of of and which disjoin’d appear by rocky to have Hillocks been from lately the improvedand Rocks from inclosed Moss by and Dyke is much and broke Ditch with watery Baulks 30 - 28 ’twixtInfields it and West Bellachlattach from the Farmstead in two disjoin’d in a Hollowplaces Slack 10 3 24 placesInfields East from the Farmstead in other two disjoin’d 9 3- onInfields the Edge in threeof the disjoin’d Loch East Fields of the North Road of tothe Clashnessie Farmstead 12 3 12 Sheelings: 1. Tutach lies at the North End of the Farm and West of prettythe Road much to ClashnessieEastwards on the side of a Brae hanging 2. Loch-an-hullick South of the Loch of that name 3. Clach-challickLoch-let-aveluir lies hanging in two prettyplaces muchon the southwards North side of

5. Loch-an-fruichGrianan ’twixt the Loch of that name and Loch 6. theKnock Hill Grianan of that namenext Loch Grianan in a slack north of Rocky hills interjected with patches of Moss cover’d with bothHeather coarse with and several fine grassy Slacks pasture and green Hollows yielding pastureFourteen Lochs interspers’d among the Hills and Total Contents: Infield NaturalSheelings Woods 1901 3 10 Observations oppositeThe Farm to Store of Store Ebb; lies The upon Farmstead the South lies sidesnugly of thesituated point under of Store, Cover and of theTenants rising are Hills Alexander which protect and John it from Monro’s the Winds but there on all are sides. above The a principaldozen of FamiliesThe Store besides Ebb appears residing to upon be a it safe who Landing are chiefly Place employed for Boats. at theThe Fishing. Infield enlargedGrounds lyof inlate sundry by potatoe places improvements disjoin’d fromt which he Housesare annualy and haveincreasing been uponare very the rich Worn and out fertile Mosses. by toathing The Sheelings but full ly of scatter’dRocks and among Stones, the and Hills as they and THE SURVEY OF ASSYNT 45 lyThe at Hillstoo great throughout a distance this from Farm the are Farm-Houses remarkably theycraigy are and seldom abound in Com.with aEast vast there variety is pretty of rocky large Hillocks Tracts ofand Moss, large mostly Lochs. coverd Towards with the Heather. North andAll ofthe meadow Braes and Grass craigy along Grounds the Bums yield at the the sweetestmarch with pasture, the Farm and goodof Culkein. Strips STRONCRUBY Infield: South-EastInfields in from sundry the WindingsFarmstead disjoin’d including by four grassy Tenaments Baulks or Infieldssubset houses in two Enclosures in the Brae below the hanging marktCraigs inNorth two fromplaces the Farmstead sloping southward being Sheetings: 1. Liesbeing next flat theMeadow March Grass with Inchnadaff adjoining the Burn 4 3- 2. LiesHillock South of the last and next the Farmstead on a green 6 - - 3. LiesBurn opposite having ato fine the South Mill andaspect on the North side of the 2 2 - 4. LiesSpring East also of on the the last North and betwixtside of the it and Burn the remarkable 2 2 30 5. Lies in a hollow surrounded with a large Tract of Moss 4 2- Hills, Moss and rocky Muirish Pasture: Hilly Pasture Ground including part of the Hills of LochBinuran Ha and to theBraeback March andwith all Balnagowan to the East of the Burn from 3969 2 30 WestwardPart of the from North the East Great End Bum of the to Canusp the highest Hill extending Top of Canuspsome patches Hill being of Moss rugged towards rocky the and foot barren of the Ground Hill with 2434 2 - Six Lochs as markt upon the plan containing in all 43 3 20 Total Contents: Infield 70 1 - NaturalSheehngs Woods 20 1 30 LochsHills, Moss and rocky Muirish Pasture 640443 -3 20- Total 6538 2 10 Observations This Farm is esteem’d the best for Corn of any in the Heights of Assint; TheFields Farmstead about it; isThe situated Soil is on an a risingexceeding Hillock rich pretty fertile centrical black Loam, to the and Com is easilyin the ploughed,Brae next havingthe rocks, a gentle in which dechvity there areexcept some the stony two Baulks;inclosed All Fields the yieldGrounds the interjectedfinest natural with Grasses, the Corn which Lands are and cut alland within made theHay square of, for of Winter them 46 THE SURVEY OF ASSYNT Burnprovender. from LochThere Ha are and sundry all from pieces the of Top fine of Meadow the Brae Grass above on the each Kirk Side Road the Burnabounds to thewith head greenish thereof pasture, along thelikewise March the with Braes Balnagowan. on each side of the Mill alongThe the Top Summit of Braeback of the Hill,Hill whichis almost is reckoned one continued the March Cairn with of Balnagowan. loose Stones hereThere and is not there so mucha few asPlants a Pile of of Sea Grass, thrift, or Heather,and a sort among of slimy the StonesWeed likebut Flood.Dulse, Althoughwhich the this Country great HillPeople is much say lowerhas remained than either there Connivel since CanuspNoah’s theQuinack, several or Countiesthe Sugar of Loaf, Ross, it commandsInverness, aMurray, vast extent and ofthe view, head of of part Banf of andShire, pure as well that as there the East is no and possibility West Coasts of approaching of Sutherland. the The Top Air of is the so thinHill alongexcept the in Topthe heatof the of Hill, Summer, he and and those even along then with when him the found Surveyor it as traveledcold and Hillpenetrating, was made as theon themost seventeenth intense frost of in July Winter, about and midd-day, this Survey when of the WeatherThere arewas sundry fair and fine serene. green patches of Grass towards the North End of Braebackuvagan are Hill remarkably and upon curiousthe Side extending thereof; The for three about Coves fifteen below feet Craig-nan-under the remainRock: both in the Sheep Stormy and Weather.Goats resort The tofamous these SpringCoves inabove Winter the whereMill is they the principalof the Burn Source above of thisWater Spring which is keepsalmost the quite Mill drya-going, all Summer as the Bed except or Channel in very greatAll theRains. Hill Ground West of the Burn from Loch Ha to the Top of Canusp sortis very of pasture.barren and rocky, cover’d with short Heather affording the poorest TORBRECK a. r. f. whichInfield almost Grounds divides round it equally the Houses on each side a Den 35 - - Sheelings: 1. Liesand thein aNatural Hollow Wood West of the Infields and ’twixt them 2 3 2. Riach-lachanthe South side North of Loch-an-avoir from the Houses in a Hollow upon 7 3. Ahanging small southSheefing in the Brae opposite to the Infield 1 WoodsBraes yielding and grassy excellent Slacks pasture cover’d for Cattlewith Natural Birch 252 24 Rocky Hill pasture Grounds 125 2 - Total Contents: Infield 35 NaturalSheelings Woods 25210 23 24- LochsHills, Moss and rocky Muirish Pasture 125- 2 - Total 423 3 24 THE SURVEY OF ASSYNT 47 Observations extensiveThe Farmstead Natural Woodof Torbreck and is presentlyis situated in uponthe Parsonsthe South possession side of who an keepsas the itWhole as a Wintering Woods affords for his excellent Cattle for shelter which itand is exceedinglyGrass. well adapted TUBEG A. R. F. Infield: Infields about Eastmost Steadings South of the round HillockInfields of uponWood each at the Side Side a Burn of the about Loch the middle Steadings 10 - - byInfield the edge betwixt of Loch the AssintWestmost Steadings and Loch Assint 49 21 30- Sheetings: 1. Liesnadaff at markt the Edge in two of aplaces Burn next the March with Inch- 2. Lies South of the Eastmost Farmstead 3. Lies South West of the Westmost Farmstead 4. Liesland inadjoining a Hollow the South Natural West Wood of the last, being good close 5. Lies South from and near No. 4 sloping Westward 6. Lies in a Hollow towards the south End of Loch Assint Natural Woods: Steep Braes cover’d with natural Wood consisting of Birchof Loch and Assint Beach &c., upon the East side of the south End 3 - adjoiningA Round the Hillock Eastmost of WoodFarmstead upon the Edge of the Loch 2 - Hill Pasture and Moss mostly cover’d with Heather includingGrassy Pasture a variety of Braes, Dens and Hollows, yielding Five small Lochs Total Contents: SheelingsInfield NaturalHills, Moss Woods and rocky Muirish Pasture Lochs 13 3 20 Total Observations This Farm is occupied by the Tenant of Inchnadaff who possesses sundryTubeg isother locally Farms connected along thewith Coast Inchnadaff and in thewhich Heights last is of the Assint, Place thisof his of personalThere isresidence at present and upon most Tubeg centrical three toTenaments his other ofpossessions. Houses lying detached fromwhich each have other a North upon Aspect the South and sidedeclivity. of Loch Assint, the Corn Lands about 48 THE SURVEY OF ASSYNT ouslyThe for Sheeting the hill places Pasture of which around there them; are six,Three are of all these situated Sheetings very commodi- lye upon theGrass. West The End vast of varietythe Loch of adjoiningBraes, Glens the Woods,and hollow which Slacks afford yield excellent good pasturingmixture of Grass Heath ’tho’ and of Bents. a coarser quality than among the Woods having a

UNAPOOL A. R. F. Infield: EastwardInfield upon the West Side of the Mill Bum sloping 35 3 24 StancesInfield of on the the Houses East Sideand Yardsof the Mill Burn including the 19 3 8 BurnInfield south of the last upon the West side of the Mill 8-22 Sheetings: 1. LiesInfield upon the Sea Bank East from and near the last 2. Liesdisjoin’d at the places East in endCorn of along the Westthe Edge Den of with the Seaother Banks two 3. Lies in the Den West of the Infield 4. Torregan lies West of a steep Brae hanging North 5. Lies at the East end of Loch-an-in-a-bag hanging South 6. Lies in a hollow slack East of the Mill Burn 7. Liesof a onBurn the from Road Loch-an-tene-veack to Auchmore below a Linn on the Edge 8. Lies in the Brae adjoining Loch-an-tene-veack Natural Woods: yieldingWood goodin the Grass Braes next the march with Reintraid 175 2 26 BirchSteep and Rocky Grass Braes intersper’d North with from long the HeatherWest Den yielding 25 - — Kyle’sSteep Cu Braes covered on the with South Birch Side Wood and towards the head of 80 - - Hill Pasture intersper’d with Rocks and Moss covered coarsewith Heather pasture with a variety of Braes and slacks yielding Seven Lochs containing in all 103 3 16 Total Contents: 64 3 14 SheelingsInfield 46 3 16 Natural Woods 3822 2 268 LochsHills, Moss and rocky Muirish Pasture 103 3 16 Total 4318 THE SURVEY OF ASSYNT 49 Observations The Farm Stead of Unapool is beautifully situated on each side the Mill BaulksBurn and are Banks remarkably of the fertileKyle, Theyielding Com rich Lands Crops ’tho’ of interjectedboth Corn andwith Grass. steep theThe highInfields rising which Grounds ly all which around surround the Farmsteadings them. All the are steep well Banksshelter’d along by extensivethe Kyle bothgood NorthPasture and and West fine are Shelter. cover’d The with Natural Wood whichWood affordsupon thean naturalopposite Beauty side of ofthe the Kyle place. belonging There is to no Lord such Rae Harbour contributes for safty greatly as the to Kyle the uponHerring the Fishing. whole Western Coast and it is not inferior to Loch Inver for the greatThe variety upper partof Grassy of the Pasture Hilly Pasture on the isBraes remarkably for all sorts Rocky, of Bestial. but affords a

D 50

I Sheelings Natural Hills, Moss THE SURVEYOFASSYNT llllliillllllllilili -rfjijjijiilh •S jJ gg .2 £ *I!

(with Poll a Gharbh Bhair) Sheelings THE SURVEYOFASSYNT 51

Part II HOME’S ACCOUNTS SutherlandThe Accounts Law and Agents’ memorial Accounts printed for below1774-6. are preserved in the

THE SURVEY OF ASSYNT 55 Accompt The Right Honorable The Countess of Sutherland and her Tutorsof the ParishTo John of Assint,Home Surveyorwith a part of ofLand the forParish making of Golspie. a Survey and Plans N.B. In stating the following accompt Mr. Home Charges for trouble altho’no more it isthan farr is below allowed the by prices the Dukehe Advertized of Gordon in for respect Work of of the this extent kind of ForGrounds, the Arable And whichor Corn rates Lands allowed with the by Groundsthe Duke therewith are as follows, Interjected vizt.: Andat 20/- for per Hill Hundred. and pasture Grounds 5/- per Hundred. ingAnd and which drawing is in fullout ofthe all Plans expences of each Travelling Separate Charges Estate andor Parish. Extend- £ s. d. andTo Laid making out ainto Survey Lots of from a part said of Survey, Golspie beingparish the as dividedsubject of Toone Extinding full month’s a Plan work of of the my above self with Survey two Lads 215 125 AmountingTo making to a3694 Survey Acres of Iall Rood the andArable 17 FallsLands at in 20/- Assint per HundredTo the Amount of Grassy Pasture, comprehending the 36 19 2 NaturalRocky Mountains Woods, &c.,at 5/- Moss per HundredGrounds Containingwith Hilly 90481 Muirs Acres and 1 RoodTo Drawing and 4 Falls Out a Book of Plans of the Parish of Assint 226 4 6 Explanatoryupon Sixteen Notes separate upon Sheets Eight with sheets particular wrote on Contents both Sides and 33 12 To Mr.Linnen Smeaton for covering for binding the General the Book plan of ofPlans Assint 76 6 To a Woodin Rollar for the General Plan Sum £324 92 26 From which deduct Cash paid by Mr. Mackinzie and Ardloch, vizt.: May 2nd 1774 EdinburghBy Cash advanced per Receipt by Mr. Mackinzie at 12 12 September 17th By Cash from Ardloch in Ledbeg at Receiptsundrie times contained in one general 42 7 November 14th Byburgh Cash per from Receipt Mr. Mackinzie at Edin- November 30th Byburgh Cash per from Receipt Mr. Mackinzie at Edin- 10 February 26th 1775 By Cash from Mr. Mackinzie per Receipt 50 May 20th By Cash from Mr. Mackinzie per Receipt 10 From which also Deduct Bill at the publick house at Golspie duringBy Ten the Bollstime of theMeal above sent tosurvey Assint of supposepart of that Parish 46 1413 ChainBy Men suppose sent from Golspie by Capt. Sutherland to Lead the 10 BalanceSum £176£148 63 2 to Edinburgh,the Signet Cashier24th June for 1775. the Countess Received of from Sutherland Mr. Alexr. and Mackinzie her Tutors Writer One 56 THE SURVEY OF ASSYNT hundred pounds Sterling. And I hereby agree to Referr to Sir Adam heFergusson shall not of think Kilkerran, me entitled Bart., to the the Remainingsame, I am £48.3.2 to make Sterling. no demand And for if more than what I have now and formerly Received. John Home Accompt of Expenses Laid out by John Home Surveyor with Two Lads thewho Parish assisted of him Golspie in making from the a Survey 4th of ofMay the until Parish the of 16th Assint September with a part 1774. of £ s. d. May 9th ToDunrobin Travelling with twoExpenses Lads, and from Two EdinburghHorses to 6 6 June 8th Toover Expences and Above paid the at Bill the given publick in tohouse the inFactor Golspie by ToCapt. One Sutherland’s night’s Entertainment order at the publick house 10 9£ indelivery Dornoch of Tenwhen Bolls on theof Meal way sentto Assint by Boat waiting to Rose- the Tohall Entertainment and Drink to the Men who 10 theAssisted Ferry at and Loading Rosehall and Unloading said Meal at 5 theAnd two to oneLads Night’s with OneEntertainment of the Lads for left myself with andthe ToCharge Cash of paid the Mealthe Tenants till sent offor Assint from Ledbegby Ardloch’s 10 6 AgreementRosehall to forLedbeg Carriage as per of said Receipt Ten Bolls Meal from 1 2 Toand Cash two paidLads Lady from Ardloch June 9th for tillLodging 7th July of myself Two fromGuineas Tain in and Cash Dornoch besides tosundrie value ofArticles £1.10 inpurchas’d all with ToOne Spirits Boll and bought Two frompecks Leut. meal Maclaud at different 3 13 times2/- per during Bottle the to theabove amount stay atof Ledbeg£1.7 for charg’dthe use atof themself and to endure Assistants the fatigue who Led of widingthe Chain through to enableLochs wasand byMosses experiance from Morning found Necessarie early till Late at night 1 7 ToLedbeg Cash topaid the for Manse Carriage and ofAuchumore 7 Bolls of andMeal Little from ToAssint Cash given the Parson to Account for Entertain- 15 6 tillment the at 28th his house do., withat different one Boll times and from3 firlots 7th MealJuly 4 13 6 To10th Cash Until given the him16th for September my Horse when Grass I leftfrom Assint June selfTo Cashand assistantspaid Mr. Scobiefrom 7th for JulySpirits till for 19th the August use of Toper Mr.Accountt Scobie for Lodging at Little Assint for self 3 14 9 Toand Carriage Two Lads of forMeal the to space Store of and two Oldernay weeks as per 18 6 itRecept along fromwith Mr.his Master’sScobie’s HorsesServant, who went with 2 6 THE SURVEY OF ASSYNT 57 To Expences for Lodging at Alexr. Munro’s in d. AccounttStore 7/6 7/6necessaries bought from thence per 15 Tonessie Carriage and from of Bedthence Cloaths to Oldernay from Store to Clash- 3 6 MackayTo Spirits at 2/-bought and 1/8when per atBottle Oldernay to Amount from ofMrs. 1 11 6 Guinea’sLeft with value Mrs. Mackayby way oneof presentsBoll of Meal to herself and half and a myselfChildren and for the trouble two LadsShe had 10 Nightsin Accommodating of 10 6 LodgingTo paid John6/- and Mackinzie’s Necessarie Wife provisions for three and nights’Drink theirto myself Marches and as the they Lads could and not Tenants be prevaild for showing with to Todo soEntertainment without it 15/- at in Ned all 2/6 and also at Rion- 1 1 Tochard Carriage 2/6 of a Trunk and Bed cloaths from 5 ToOldemy Carriag to ofInver Meal from the Manse to Inver 25 ToMr. Drink Campbel and and Entertainment to his Wife for furnishd trouble at two Inver Weeks by ToLodging Carriage from Invercheerkag to Bracklack of 2 12 6 LedbegTo Expences and from for thencemy self to and Inver the two Lads with 2 Totwo the Horses Amount returning of a separate Dack to AccounttEdinburgh of Deburs- 6 6 Assistedments* paidhim byat Mr.Leading Home the for Chain the Men&c., whoper Toparticular Expenses Accountt paid forhereto Milk refferr’d at the Sheelings for 3 18 9 whomyself Assisted and the at two Leading Lads andthe theChain whole But of for the which Men ToMr. CashHome paid could for have paper no Used particular in Sketching Vouchars on the 1 1 field and Protracting Sum £461 52 (rectius £47 0 2i)0* An Accompt of Cash paid by John Home to the Men who Assisted him Assintat Leading After the two Chain of the and four pointing Lads Captain out the SutherlandMarches Upon Sent thefrom Estate Golspie of return’dwant of thefrom accommodation Ledbeg refusing they to Expectedundergo the to havefatigue got. and complain’d for £ s. d. July 18th PaidEight Donald days leadingMackwilliam the end in Manseof the of ChainAssint perfor PaidReceipt William Mackinzie Son in Law to Inchnadaff 26 6 officer’sPaid to sonthe Parson for one week of the Kirk 4 6 Paid MurdochNorman MaclaudMaclaud inin AuchumoreAuchumore onefor aday day 9 * See infra, 57-8. 58 THE SURVEY OF ASSYNT £. s. d. Paid JamesKenneth Kellie Mack-donald in Auchumore in Poltycarican boat town aa dayday 69 August 5 Paid Don: Mackroarie in Little Assint 4| days 3 6 69 Paid Alexr.George MaclaudMaclaud in in Oldny, Little Assintfor 3J days 2 96 2220 Paid Alexr.William Graham Kellie perTenant Recept in Culkeanfor 15 days 101 69 2326 Paid AngusJohn Mackinzie Maclaud inson Oldney in Ardware 3 days 2 39 3027 Paid WalterJohn Bain Ross for in 2 Glenlearag days 1J day 1 6 Septr. 1 Paid John Mackascal for a Week and Carriage to AuchumorePaid—Maclean from Servant Inver ofto aMr. Trunk Campbell for two 5 PaidWeeks a LeadingServant theof Mr. Chain Campbel’s &c. for 3 days and 10 6 Paidcarriage Mr. ofMackenzie’s Meal from ServantLittle Assint at Invercherkag for 4 6 Ledbegshowing his Marches and going to Bracklack of 3 MarchesPaid a Tenantof that Farmin Dewchlash for showing the 6 Paidof their the WagesLads from5/- which Golspie Recept per Receipt contains in theirpart BollsRecept of for Meal 3 Bolls 3 firlots and 2 pecks of the ten 5 PaidCarriage Leut. of ChainsMaclaud’s and ServantNecessarie in BaggageLedmore from for thenceand fore to Dingwall with his Maintainence back 10 Sum (rectius £3£3 189 3)9 erlandJune The1775. Memorial Unto The of Tutors John ofHome the Right Surveyor Honorable of Land The Humbly Countess Sheweth: of Suth- a SurveyThat the of Memorialistthe Countess’ having Estate had in thethe honourYear 1774. to be He Employ’d was order’d In making by the getTutors particular and the Instructions Agent for the from Family Captain to go Sutherland,first to Dunrobin where where he was he first would to inbegin. his Thatworks; sometime he was inform’dbefore his by leaving Mr. Alexander Edinburgh, Mackinzie And being that Employ’d as the Estateexpected of Assinthe would was outfinish of Lease,the Survey And to thereof be sett thatlast Year;year Andthat thebefore Tutors his return.As the Memorialist knew this was a very Extensive work, And not withpossible him to one be doneWilliam by oneCrawford hand He An Engaged able hand for ina year,the Surveying and carryed way, along as Bedhis Assistant, Board &c. At and no Travellingless rate, than Charges: £25 Sterling And he peralso Annum Engaged of anotherSallery withLad JohnMemorialist Anderson with tothe go Assistance along with of thesehim twoas anotherLads, did Assistant Survey theAnd whole the ofEstate Protracting of Assint in And that part Country; of the Lands And ofif Golspiehe could But have he haddone no that convenience there It wouldFrom have the beentime thethe OperationMemorialist of tworeturnd years to in Edinburgh place of one. in the beginning Ladsof November constantly 1774 Employ’d to the first in ofprotracting May last. saidHe was plan himself And in and drawing the saids sixteen two THE SURVEY OF ASSYNT 59 separate plans besides a general plan or Map of the Assint Estate All which werefor Executing Lodged with the Mr.same Mackinzie of which sometimethere remain’d ago, Along a Ballance with the of Account£158.3.2 remainsSterling, £148.3.2 But of which Sterling there which was he since hopes paid the £10Tutors Sterling will now So thatorder there payment now offThe As heMemorialist hopes the iswork sinsible is perform’d that the to Account their satisfaction. given, may at first sight confidentappear high, they to will the think Tutors it very But Moderate. when they consider it Minutely, he is finish’dThis work in Assint is really he behovedin Effect tothe have work spent of two the years whole And of if the it had Sum been Charged to be beforeThe itTutors could willhave pleasebeen done.observe that in Executing this work he has Mackinziedebursed of no Expences less than as £46.3.2per particular Sterling. Accountt He paid given William in to Mr.Crawford Alexander £25 wasSterling not underof Sallery, other and£25 Sterling.besides hisHe Boardpaid also Travelling John Anderson Charges £10 &c. Sterling which ExpencesBesides his £131.3.2 Board reckonedExclusive also of atthe £25 Memorialist’s Sterling so thatMantainance he has paid since of realthe firstSo that of November there is now 1774 £161.3.2 to May Sterling 1775 which which cannot falls to be be Less deducted than £30 in compting Sterling. Asthe heMemorialist’s Survey’d in profits one seasonwhich isas all much he has as in he Effect could for have two doneyear’s and Labour, pro- tractedCaptain inSutherland any two Yearsto spare upon neither the Ground—beingTravel nor expences frequently to complete press’d theby tractionSurvey ofof Assint,so Extensive So that a Work being he Uncertain could not when Undertake he could any finish other thebusiness pro- in theother Mean operations time until of thatthis waskind finish’d was past. before Therefore which the upon time the for wholeEngaging the Accomptno more thanwill appearabout £160 very SterlingModerate for And the thatwork in of fact Two the years. Memorialist has AsThe he Memorialistis anxious that begs they pardon should for troublingsee a just the state Tutors of hiswith Accompt this Memorial, which moderateapparantly He is humblyhigh; And hopes that they they will should forgive be this satisfied trouble. it is in realty very

Appendix A TENANTS AND INHABITANTS OF ASSYNT areTwo also important preserved sourcesat Dunrobin of information Castle. These which are complement the ‘Particular Home’s Rental Survey of theof the Estate Parish of Assint,of Assint, as setNovember on 15th May1774’. 1775’, The materialand the ‘Listcontained of Inhabitants in these, outand inin twoa series summary of tables. rentals relating to the sets of 1759 and 1766, is here set Table 1: rentsRental of ofindividual Assynt: farms1759, at1766 three and successive 1775 (a sets.)comparison of the Table 2: ofRental the information of Assynt, as in set the on ‘Particular 15th May Rental’).1775 (a summary by farms Table 3: Tenants of Assynt Farms: 1766 and 1775. Table 4: Inhabitantsfarms of the ofinformation Parish of Assynt: in the ‘ListNovember of Inhabitants’). 1774 (a summary by Table 5: Consolidated List of Tenants and Inhabitants (a detailed summaryindividuals). of all the information in both sources relating to 62 THE SURVEY OF ASSYNT TABLE 1 Rental of Assynt: 1759, 1766 and 1775 Farm Set of 1759 Set of 1766 Set of 1775 £ s. d. d. £ s. d. Achmelvich 17 10 0 17 10 0 17 10 0 AchmoreAchnacarnin 31 10 0 38 0 0 30 0 0 Ardvar 1711 5 0 1814 105 0 2412 0 0 AultnachieBad a’ Ghrianan see Ledmore 7 0 0 7 0 0 Baddidarach 4 15 0* 64 150 0 64 0 0 BalchladichBadnaban see Inverkirkaig 3 0 0 4 4 0 Brackloch see5 Stoer0 0 76 120 1090 56 122 10»0 ClashmoreClachtoll 18 0 0 20 0 0 22 8 0 Clashnessie 1718 1018 0 2319 0 0 2319 0 0 CromaltCnoc nan Each 7 15 0 9 5 0 10 0 0 Culag 126 06 0 8 0 0 108 0 0 Culkein with Filin Culkein Drumbeg 1110 100 0 1413 100 0 1410 160 0 DrumbegDruim Suardalain 7 7 0 9 0 0 9 0 0 Dubh Chlais 1612 100 0 1615 100 0 1615 100 0 Gharbhwith Poll Bhair a ElphinEadar a Chalda 228 104 05* 8 10 0 8 0 0 Filin see Culag 278 190 054 278 150 0 InchnadamphGlenleraig 18 10 0 20 0 0 24 0 0 Inver 1415 0 0 1115 100 0 1115 100 0 Inverkirkaig with 12Baddidarach 0 0 12 0 0 12 8 108 Kirkton with18 Badnaban 0 0 21 0 0 21 0 0 LedbegKnockan 15 0 0 20 0 0 20 0 0 Ledmore: £ 2014 100 0 2610 100 0 2610 100 0 Ledmore: £ with Aultnachie Little Assynt 146 1510 0 178 100 0 218 110 0 LyneLoch Beannach 6 15 0 8 0 0 8 0 0 Nedd 129 100 0 1216 0 0 1214 0 0 PollOldany a Gharbh Bhair 28 0 0 34 0 0 30 0 0 Rientraid see Dubh7 15 Chlais 0 94 0 0 94 0 0 Stoer with 21Balchladich 0 0 16 12 13 16 12 13 This rent only fixed in 1763 augmentation on rent of Stoer. THE SURVEY OF ASSYNT TABLE 1—continued Rental of Assynt: 1759, 1766 and 1775 Set of 1775 £ s. d. TorbreckStronechrubie 185 0 0 26 13 4 TubegUnapool 2314 10 0 RetailingSalmon fishings of spirits Miln of AuldneachGlenleraig DryMiln multuresof Clashnessie to replace miln rents Augmentation of Inver and StronchrubieTotal in 1763 5765 2 91 711 16 2 Rental of Assynt, as set on 15th May 1775 W ,T sl« ^©©©©©©©^fNfNX©©©©©©©©©©©^©©© 5 M’S’“©X^i©©©©w:XW5©© g'd beooo©x^?•Stjix©Tf ^ rHpH T3 hf)©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©© l 5 ©|H©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©© 00 ©Or-IrHOr-lOOOOOOOrHpHOOOOOrHOpHOi-lO ^ ■*'»«©©*-©Hi'^®t~^05K>©©®aoi-ao®®»i>eo©»a s jajl-OOOCOOOOl'OOlNOOOWOOO'^OOa'fOO THE SURVEYOFASSYNT Ill'Sl’SlI'i sill 1 III i§§§§?§§i§iS§iS§g§g§§S§§8 111=1. s Cf- &©GO©rHTjlC5©©aOXXTflO N©K5©C0©©©©*OC0»O©© ©X^QOIN^O^GOtJIO^©© § 23g-^’S’c 3 eQM’S^ ,|3 gs-s-S | 11

GlenleraigInchnadamph ! s*i«« I ^ o5"Soooooooortooooooogcoooifsoo ^ll§g§§§§22ggSi§§§§§2§§§ I «-H c-d 6BOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOrH^OOOiM M OOOOpHOOOOOOOi-ii-iOOOOOr- Q ©©©©©©©©©©©©»-t©©©©©©©PH

Inverkirkaig OOOOOt-OOWOOOOt-OOOOr- Kirkton: £Cullin Camore* THE SURVEYOFASSYNT lllllllliillllll ®©®t-«500>na)®®«5ei; ^©©«©r-(©©©©FH 30 ©»D, §4 66 THE SURVEY OF ASSYNT Extracts from Report on Setting of Rental by Captain James Sutherland Farms. . . The had rule been I laid formerly down set(without at unequal raising values, the rents) and towas set to the learn whole where as muchOld Rent as possible as a Medium on an equality. which the And people to do themselvesthis I was assisted agreed bywas taking the best the rule£3.7.14 to behas followed turned inout doing of Augmentation this. Tho’ I did upon not themean whole, to raise over the and rents above yet £10.12.113The reason by forconverting setting the MilnMilns Rents on Dry into Multure a Dry Multure.was that the tenants indistance general of complainedthe Milns they of the were great thirled inconveniences to, and the Badnessthey sufferred of the Roads;by the andso as willingly to have submitted the liberty to ofpay Grinding 3/4 of Dry where Multure, most outConvenient of ever £5for of them, rent, Andrather by than this be the tyed Augmentation down to the ofMilns these they Miln were Rents formerly have asstrictedcome out to.to assisting£10.12.113 to i. errect This MilnsMiln Augmentationin convenient placesmay befor appliedthe tenants for somewhich years may in timeThe be Minutes returned of by Set their are payingherewith an sent,adequate by which consideration the present for them.possessors asagree the to Tutors take athink lease properof their to different give from possessions and after for Whitsunday such number 1775, of years and eachsubmitt town to beingthe several bound clausesfor one another.in the former tacks, the small tenants in The Old Rent is prefixt in a separate Column in the preceeding rental to peopleshow the in plan that I havepart, followedand the agreeable Dry Multures to the opinionare distinguished of the most in intelligent another ColumnOn the therein. whole, the present Set in my opinion is a just and equal one with Complaintwhich the peopleof being themselves subject toare Tacksmen fully satisfied, and andthereby removes being their obliged former to emigrate. James Sutherland 1 £21.17.113, The total but charged against forthis dry the multuresrents of inthe thethree Rental mills forof Glenleraig1775 was (£1.15),net increase Auldneach was thus (£5) £10.12.113. and Clashnessie (£4.10) were discontinued. The TABLE 3 Tenants of Assynt Farms: 1766 and 1775 Farm Set of 1766 Set of 1775 Achmelvich conjoint tack same Achmore Kenneth Scobie (of Achmore) Kennethson John Scobie and Achnacarnin conjoint tack same Ardvar Lt.Robert Alex. Gray McLeod of Creich (of Ledmore) conjointsame tack BadAultnachie a Ghrianan Lt. Alex. McLeod (of Ledmore) same Baddidarach Kennethnadampth) Mackenzie (of Inch- conjoint tack Badnaban Kenneth Mackenzie (of Inver- conjoint tack Balchladich conjointkirkaig) tack same THE SURVEY OF ASSYNT 67 Farm Set of 1766 Set of 1775 BracklochClachtoll conjoint tack same ClashnessieClashmore conjoint tack same Cnoc nan Each Kennethnadamph) Mackenzie (of Inch- conjoint tack CulagCromalt Alex.Robert Mackenzie Gray of Creich of Ardloch conjointJohn Scobie tack Culkein Drumbeg conjoint tack same DruimDrumbeg Suardalain conjoint tack same EadarDubh Chlaisa Chalda Robertconjoint Gray tack of Creich Alex.same Mackenzie Elphin Lt.by John 1774) Gray (of Elphin: dead Kennethiam Mackenzie and Will- FilinGlenleraig Alex.Robert Mackenzie Gray of Creich of Ardloch conjointsame tack Inchnadamph Kennethnadamph) Mackenzie (of Inch- same Inver Kennethnadamph) Mackenzie (of Inch- Ensignbell Alex. Camp- Inverkirkaig Kennethkirkaig) Mackenzie (of Inver- conjoint tack Kirkton Rev. William Mackenzie same LedbegKnockan Alex.conjoint Mackenzie tack of Ardloch same Ledmore: J£ Alex.Lt. Alex. Mackenzie McLeod of (of Ardloch Ledmore) conjointsame tack Little Assynt Kenneth Scobie (of Achmore) Kennethson John Scobie and LyneLoch Beannach Lt.conjoint John tack Mackay (of Oldany: conjoint tacktack Nedd copjointdead by tack 1774) same Oldany Lt.dead John by Mackay1774) (of Oldany: Mrs. Jean Mackay RientraidPoll k Gharbh Bhair Lt.conjoint Charles tack Gordon (of Skelpick) Kennethsame Scobie (of JohnAchmore) and son StoerStronechrubie conjointMurdoch tackMackenzie (of Strone- conjointsame tack Torbreck Rev.chrubie) William Mackenzie same Tubeg Kennethnadamph) Mackenzie (of Inch- kenzieKenneth of Inch-Mac- nadamph)£: Murdoch Mac- kenziechrubie) (of Strone- kenzieMurdoch Mac- Unapool Lt.by John 1774) Gray (of Elphin: dead conjoint tack 68 THESURVEYOFASSYNT Inhabitants op Parish of Assynt: November 1774 £ "3 D § WNWt-IMINl'eOIMUIt-OejWJiHW-^OSUSb-OCOMINaOO-^rH

Inverkirkaig THE SURVEY OF ASSYNT THE SURVEY OF ASSYNT Consolidated List of Tenants and Inhabitants t; l. 1 j-2 > p^s THE SURVEYOFASSYNT II I ^ COI01cc ctn -'*‘ III§§1111 I 00 I o (Normand(Angus McLeod McDonald) McCurchy) 71 Consolidated List of Tenants and Inhabitants ii og °§ 1 : I I lifl!' Sis! 1.^ i |ijj| s5 IilK|Ii^l!llri! —2; pH

5 I I I 01 I NO*

%%%%%%%%%% illli ill ©oooo© © © ©©©©© 00©0°® , , , | o | | | | © | | O©^-® | | J rH rH rH rH rH o b- tJ) rH rH rH Q M,| iII II § II M II

|I 5 g -Cs I« II ~ ^ J'S J32 Q< _ -r;o < -S 9 .9 -2 ^ j|1=15 -*PIII 30© §1v-5 J§| eI ^ ^ ^ ^ £ Jj 12 § W<8HJ « c ^ otjoo g

1! JIIBI I K 1 i i I! ler Mckenzie) latheson: at Little Baddydarroch) li i iiu sii ii ni 1 74 THESURVEYOFASSYNT Consolidated List of Tenants Clachtole (Clach-Toll)—continued THE SURVEYOFASSYNT

(Roderick McEwer) (Hectorpeople Mackenzie alenarly) Cathechist supported by the Bounty of the 75 76 Inhabitants THE SURVEYOFASSYNT so <0GOXO©O©rH

ons,One buthousehold the total of given5 persons is 20 hashouseholds been missed of 103 in persons.the ‘List of Inhabitants’; the individual entries total 19 households of 98 °22 I| o ■ I(N||H^IpHlrHllHrHINIIIIIr-MNrtl 22IM ^1 I *'?■'$J|^ig‘1'1 (John(Roderick McKenzie McLeod McAlister) Oag, son of Roderick MacLeod)

(Rodrick McLeod McAngus) THE SURVEYOFASSYNT77 S W H-.5 g §S § ^1 -gc iu 3 XT I G § I || 00 fHp-ifHOOOOOOOOO U} u:O502I s ><•£g> 'Stf 0.1 1 n -S •2 g I I ^2 (Angus McAlister viclnnash McLeod: at Gulag) (Alexander(Roderick McLeod Mckenzie alias traveling Kile) 7 Padler) 78 Consolidated List of Tenants and Inhabitants DSO t | . S XIJC H 11111 ilililllllilillinlf J INoooo ioooooooo ooo M «5inU5»0(NI t> xcoI!rprfi^rfi THE SURVEYOFASSYNT »wo| |inintcootoi-t-t- | THE SURVEY OF ASSYNT I rj CO X rf | I b- l> X ^ CC I

111 ms 11 iv? !•?•?•?■?■?'? 11 ■111 -hW5»C©©©t}(© © O © © t- t- x x | | S S 2 I I © © © © o o o © CO

,l?i tfffli TABLE 5—continued 80 Consolidated List of Tenants and Inhabitants H o M|®!Da105 THE SURVEYOFASSYNT O OOOOOOOOOOO|| o ooooooooooo -5 ^Stl?-S■£j-B"Srty Murdo<<$COaOCO %%%%%%%% §ll HI Z< 2^ tt © I Angus McLeod (Angus MacLeod Roy) y 22222 Ml|I © o RoryKenneth Bain Mackenzie McLeod (Rodericktaylor McLeod) ><<< 2 GC Alexander Mchutcheonlll'l (Alex. McLeod) i !J fell THE SURVEYOFASSYNT W $MScWijsj32"S -is- t ^5 JjS °I I211222222 o ©s©ssss 1 d ^ il 11^1 i I’B-e s Hi a .S3S III "2 3 m 3g « 3

Duncan McLeod (at Riancrevich) 83 Consolidated List of Tenants and Inhabitants THE SURVEYOFASSYNT Layhe (Laing)—continued 22 I 111 IM11 i n IN 2II-H COrHrHrHrHrHrHOO OS OOONN^^OOJO |O THE SURVEYOFASSYNT N ^IrH| 'MM ISIMM °m4* ° £zi E iSlIll Q l-Sg«*« CO 10K5 I Q^5 \m-$ (N « is •g a 11 ?1 IS ww a-s * “ g 11 Consolidated List of Tenants and Inhabitants S'* ” «5 ^< II $ |l ( II £ S E 3 s V M COIN |COICO®i-H>O'ijl®WC0'$lC0''I‘1 oooooooo^^^oooo^ CO pHfHcowx| COWNNfHp-lrHOOO BIB (Stronchruby) O (N10(MI THE SURVEYOFASSYNT icohw

TABLE 5—continued ■g 05®«5IICOWI-SM-JMcOIINIOSW Appendix B ALEXANDER MACKENZIE OF ARDLOCH’S ACCOUNTS AS FACTOR OF ASSYNT, 1764-1773 forThe the following individual figures Crop have and been Martinmas abstracted accounting from the Factor’speriods. AccountsThis has giveninvolved in sterlingsome rearrangement money. of the individual details. All the figures are 1767 20 July THE SURVEY OF ASSYNT 91 ^ X rH CO 00 ^ W5 5 5 O OO S CO 00 O

el .2 C a 2 II

'Si ii of Id. § Error 03d. « gs 0,0^ 2g'S g -8S 111 Q■§ tfg c« <Conival), (Inverness), 5, 31, xxv 46. n. Calda,, burning house, of,xi, xii-xiii.liii, Iv, 22, 23, 27. Crawford,‘Craig-nan-uvagan William, ’ hill,assistant 46. sur- Cameron,Cracaig, xiiDuncan, n. tacksman of Crockveyor, - na xx, - stroan 56, 57, hill58, 59.(Croc ra * Camorexlvi «., ’ 30-2,(at Kirkton65, 82. of Assynt), Cromalt,Sroine), xxxvii 33, 34, n., 35, xliii 36. n., xlvi n., Campbellfactor at ofDunrobin, Turrerick, xix, James,xx n., 64,xlviii 67, n., 68, Ivi, 77, 7, 92.8, 16, 36, 50, 62, xxixxxiv n.,n., xxvxxx n., and xxvii, n., xxviiixxxi n., Craves,Cromartie, on WaterEarl of, of ix. Assynt, 24, 28. Campbell,xxxiii n., Ensign 56. Alexander, tacks- ‘ Culack30-2, 65, ’ (at 82. Kirkton of Assynt), 81.man of Inver, 29, 57, 58, 67, Culag,xlviii xxxiv n., lii n.,n., xxxviIvi, 10, «., 15, xliii 17-18, n., Campbell,Canisp, Ivi, Alexander, 20, 22, 34, in35, Ardvar, 45, 46. 6. 29,, mill30, 50,of, 62,17, 64,92, 67,93. 68, 77. Cas-chrirm,Carolina, xxiv. li «., liv, 42. Culkein,Culfruich, xxxvi shieling n., (Chixliii Fraoich),«., xlviii 18.n., Castlehill‘ Castle Down (Inverness), ’, 15. xxviii n. liv,78. 5, 18, 45, 50, 62, 64, 67, 68, INDEX 97 CulkeinIv, 19, Drumbeg, 21, 40, 41, xliii 50, n., 58, xlviii 62, 64,n., Factor’sxxxvii-xl, 89-94.Accounts, Assynt, 67,-, bay68, 78-9. of, 19. Families, , Sutherland, size of, xxviii-xxx.in Assynt, xlii- Culmaily, bum of, xix n. Famine,xliii. in 1772, xxvi-xxviii. Dalrympi.e(later Lord of Hailes,Hailes), Sirxix David «., Farms,xliv-li. in Assynt, analysis of, ‘ Dearlanxxxii n. ’ of Achnacarnin, 72. FergussonFarr, parish, of xxivKilkerran, re. Sir Adam, Dempster,Dornoch, xviiiGeorge, n. burgess of Ferryxix re.,Unes xxii, (Little xxiii and Ferry), re., 56. xxviii Dornoch,Dingwall, 36,58. 56, 92. and, girnel, re., 56. xxviii. Douglas,, public Christian, house of, 56.in Strone- Filin,Feu-duties, xxxv 90,and 91, re., 92. xxxvi, xliii re., Droving.chrubie, Seexliv, Cattle. 87. 24-5,xlvi and50, 62,re., 64,lii 67,re., 68,Ivi, 80. 15, 21, Druimxliii n.,Suardalain, xlvi n., xlix, xxxviiIvi, 15, 16,n., Fishing,11, 14, sea,15, xxvii,17, 19, xlviii,29, 42, 1, 49.Ivi, 10, Drumbeg,20-1, 25, xlii50, 62,ra., xliii64, 67, n., 68, Iv, 79. 20-1, Food,Fishings, import salmon. of, Seeto Salmon.Sutherland, Dubh50, 62,Chlais, 64, 67,xxxiv 68, 79.n., xxxvii n., Forbesxxvii-xxx. of Culloden, Duncan, ix re. xliii27, 50,n., xlvi58, 62,«., lii64, re., 67, Ivi, 68, 20, 79-8021-2, Forbes, Sheriff,Daniel, xxv chirurgeonre. in Duffus,(see also Lord, Poll 92. a Gharbh Bhair). Forbes,Dornoch, William, xx re. xiii re. Dunan18. Point (Rudh ’an Dhnain), Fortrose,Fort Augustus, xi. xxxviii and re. Dunkeld,‘ Dunan ’, lishiehng, re. 18. Fortrose, Lord, Kenneth, xvii and Dunrobin,re., xxii andxii, xviii,re., xxiv xix re.,re., xxvxx and «., FraserForty Five,of Fraserdale,the, ix and re.,Alexander. xxxvii re. xxxxxvi re.,re., xxxi xxvii re., «.,xxxiii xxviii and re., Fraser,See Mackenzie, William, Alexander.in Ferrytown of xlixgirnel, and re.,xxviii. 56, 58, 92. Brahan, xviii re. ‘ Dytachan ’, shieling, 25. George‘ Garro HI, Loch King, ’, 40. xxxix re., xl re. Eadarxliii re.,a xlviChalda, re., Iv, 4,x, 5,xxxvi 22-3, 31,re., Gilchrist,robin, xxvii Dugald, re., xxxviii factor re.at Dun- Edinburgh,50, 62, 64, 67,xiv, 68, xv, 80, 92.xix, xxii, ‘ Glack-challickGlack-fa-mene ’,’, shieling,shieling, 12.14. xxviiixxiv re.,and xxix re., andxxv «., re.,lii, 55,xxvii, 56, Glas‘ Glananter Bhein, ’,xxii, shieling, Iv. 3. Elgin,58. Earl of, xix re. Glasgow,‘ Glaskoil xxv’ of Ledmore,and re. 83. ‘ ElgvrodinEllagorratten ’. See’, croft, ‘ Ellagorratten 17, 77. ’. Glebe,Glendu xlvi (at re., Kirkton 31. of Assynt: Elphin,xliii «., xxxv xlvi re., re., xxxvi Ivi, re.,8, xxxvii23-4, 32,re., GlenGleann Einig, Dubh), xxi re. 27, 28, 30-2. 80.33, 35, 36, 50, 62, 64, 67, 68, Glenleraig,xxxvi re., xliiixxxiv re., xlviii,re., xxxv 1 and re., Emigration,xxiii-xxxvi. to North America, 50,li re., 58, lii 62, re., 64, Iv, 67,5, 7,68, 25-6, 80-1, 39,92. 40, xxxiii., , report on, xxxii- Glenlyon,, mill xxiiof, 25, re. 63, 66. G 98 THE SURVEY OF ASSYNT Goats,Golspie, liv, 57, Iv, 58. Ivi, 22, 29, 30, 46. Ker,Kelp, Normand, xxx, xlix inn. Knockan, xlix n. , parish,public housexix and of, n.,55, 55, 56. 56, 58. Kerr,, John,Angus, carpenter in Clashnessie, in Stoer, 14, 76.lii, Gordon,Gordon Dukeof Cairnfield, of, 55. Alexander, Kerrs,86. distribution in Assynt, xliv. Gordon of Invergorden, Sir John, Kildonan,, parish, xxiv xxiv n. n. Gordon,XXV. Charles, tacksman of Rien- Kirk,and n.,John, xx andjunior, n., xxisurveyor, n., 93. xix xxxii,traid xlviii,and 43,Skelpick, 67, 94. xxix n., Kirkaig,Kirk of Assynt,Water of xxxviii (R. Kirkaig), n. 29, Gordon,xviii n. Charles, writer in Dornoch, Kirkton30, 93. of Assynt, xxi n., xxii, Gordon,ness, xxxii. Robert, tacksman of Ach- xlvixxvi n., n., xlviii xxxiii, n., xxxvli n., liin., n., xliii Iv, 24,n., Graham,Gorm Loch Alexander, M6r, liv. in Culkein Knockan,30-2, 51, xxxvii 62, 65, n., 67, xliii 69, w.,82. xliv n. Grant,Drumbeg, John, 58,xxviii 78 n. xlvi32-3, n., 51, xlix 62, n.,65, lii 67, n., 69, Ivi, 82-3. 7, 8, 23, Grayof Ardvar,of Creich, Cromalt, Robert, tacksmanEadar a Knock40. Goram hill (Gorm Chnoc), xxxvChalda, n., xxxviiiGlenleraig, and n., xxx-xxxi,xxxix n., ‘ Knock, shieling, Grianan 44. ’ hill, 44. Gray,xl n., Lt.66, 67,John, 92. tacksman of ‘Knock Knockour Oldernay ’ hill, (Oldany25, 26. hill), 40. Gray,Elphin Lt. and Walter, Unapool, tacksman 67. of Kylesku, liii, Iv, 6, 28, 48, 49. Ground-Officers,Rhian, xxv 92.xxix n. Lamond,Ledmore, Neil, 83 in(see Riancrevich also Clemen, of Hay, xlviii, 5, 25, 28, 37, 41, 42, 45. Lead-lanichNiel). moss, xxi n. Herring,Helmsdale, xxvii, 93 xxxiii n., lii, 29, 42, Ledbeg,xxv n., xx xxxi and n., n.,xxxiii, xxi xxxvand «.,n., Home,49. John, surveyor, xix-xxiii, xlviiixxxvi, «., xxxvii li n., liiin., n.,xliii Ivi, n., 5, xlvi 20, 23,n., xxxiii,xlviii, xlix,xxxv, 1 n.,xxxvi, li-liii, xliv, 11, xlvi42, 46,n., 24,62, 65,29, 67,30, 69,33-5, 83. 36, 51, 56, 57, Horses,53, 55-9, Iv, Ivi,93. 13, 41. , burnBrackloch of (Ledheg of. See R.), Brackloch. Ivi, 34, Inchnadamph, xliii n., xlvi n., Led-Ladnach39. hill (Leathad Lia- xlviii62, 64, n., 66, liii, 67, Ivi, 68, 27-8, 81. 45, 47, 51, Ledmore,nach), 27, xxi 28. n., xxxiv w., xxxv n., Inver,Infield, xxixliv-li, n., xliii3-49 passim.n., xlvi and n., xlvixxxvi n., n., xlviii, xxxvii Ivi, «.,16, xliii23, 33,n., 51,xlviii 57, n., 58, li 62, w., 63,Iv, 65, 11, 67, 20, 68, 28-9, 81. 83-4.35-6, 51, 58, 62, 65, 66, 67, 69, Inverkirkaig,xliii n., xlix, xxxiv lii n., n., Ivi, xxxvi 10, 17,n., oil, ’.‘ Glaskoil ’ of. See ‘ Glask- 67,29-30, 68, 34,81-2. 51, 57, 58, 62, 65, 66, ——,crevich ‘ Riancrevich ’. ’ of. See ‘ Rian- Inverness,, Point, xxxviii 30. w., lii. Lime-burning,Lewis, xi, xv n., li xvin., 34-5.n. Kellie, James (? John), in Ach- Limestone,Lime kiln, at5, Ledbeg,23, 27, 31,33. 32. Kellie,more, William, 58, 72. 58. ListAssynt, of Inhabitants 1774. See of Assynt. the Parish of INDEX Littlexlvi Assynt,n., xlviii, xxi lii n., n., xxxv, Iv, 4, xliii 5, 11,n., LochSuardalain), Drumsurdland 15, 20, (Loch24. Druim 65,22, 67,23, 69,36-7, 84. 38, 51, 56, 58, 62, Loch EribollFewan (sea),(Loch xxv Fionn), n. liv, 17, Loch-an-a-chalick‘ Loch-a-chroisk ’, (Lochshieling, a’ Ghlean-10. Loch29. Fie Loidge (Loch F6ith an Loch-an-a-chiamnain Shalaich), 39.(Loch Uidh na LochLe6-thaid), Ganeau liv,(Loch 22. na Gainimh), Lochh-Iarna), - an - a26. - Clashmore (Loch na Lochliv, Ghlinnein,20. liv. ‘ Loch-an-a-guithClaise), 10, 11. ’, 9. Loch40, 44.Grianan (Loch Poll Dhaidh), Loch-an-a-tea‘ Loch-an-asalt ’,(Loch 3. Leitir Eas- LochLochinver, Inver xxxv (sea), n. xxvii, liii, 9, 10, Loch-an-avoiraidh), 4, 36, 37.(Manse Loch), 46. Loch16, Kirkaig17, 25, 28, (sea), 49. Ivi, 29, 30. Loch-an-fruich44. (Lochan Ruadh), Loch’Bhaile let-a-veluir Fhoghair), (Loch 12, Leathaid44. a Loch, -shieling, an - hullick 44. (Loch a Mhi Loch38. Lyne (Loch na Loinne), 20, Loch-an-in-a-bagRunaich), 44. (Loch Airidh na Loch-na-brake19, 40, 41. (Loch nam Breac), Loch-an-loithBeinne), 48. (Loch an Leothaid), Loch-na-broig19. (Loch Bad an Og), ‘ Loch-an-oir26. ’, 3. Loch-na-browahaich), 14, 40. (Loch na Brut- ‘ Loch-an-skeirach, shieling, 5. ’, 5. Loch-na-vea-lard26. (Loch a Meallard), Loch-an-tene-veackmhich), 48. (Loch na Gain- Loch NeddOldernay (sea), liii.(Loch Oldany, Loch-an-tuirrigliv, 11, 38. (Loch an Tuirc), Lochnow Patin dried -up), a - 40.Morrichan (Loch LochBhain), - an 14.- ula - vaan (Loch Neil LochBad Poule na Muirichinn), (Loch Poll), 17. 19, 40, 41. ‘ Loch-an-vaan, shieling, 14. ’, 20. LochAighean), Prestanie liv, 41.(Loch Preas nan Loch29. Ardroe (Loch Dubh), 28, Lochh-Eigin), Tarn-uie 20, 21. (Loch Torr na Loch27, Assynt,30, 36, 37, liv, 47. Iv, Ivi, 4, 11, 23, LochBhaid), Tomavante 19, 41. (Loch a Tolla Loch46. Awe, li, liv, 33, 34, 35, 38, 45, Loch TorrigarifUrgil (Loch (Loch Urigill), Culag), liv, 15,17. 7, 8, Loch19. Badin-laun (Lochan Fada), 16, 23, 24, 35, 36. Loch Beannach, liv, 37, 38. Loch‘ the Veyatie long loch (‘ ’),the liv, march 23, 24, loch 35. ’, Lochxliii «.,Beannach xlvi n., Iv,(farm), 9, 12, 28,xlii 37-8, w., Loudoun,Loth, parish, Earl xix of, n. ix. Loch39, Boralan51, 62, 65, (Loch 67, 69,Borralan), 84. 35, Lyne,‘ Lurrich-a-loisk xxxiv n., xxxvi’, shieling, n., xxxvii 19. n., Lochbroom, ix «., xii n., xxv. xliii n., xlvi n., Ivi, 33, 34, 38-9, Loch Cama (Cam Loch), liv, 23, 24, 51,, burn62, 65, of. 67, See 69, Ledbeg, 84-5. bum of. Loch29, 33,Croken 34, 35.(Loch Crocach), liv, ‘ Lynelirick ’, shiehng, 20. Loch12, Culfruich41. (Loch Chi Fraoich), MacAlister,Dunrobin, xii,Robert, xiii w., xivfactor n. at Loch13, Drumbeg,18. 19, 21. Mackaskel,Mackascal, John,—, in 58.Oldany, 41. 100 THE SURVEY OF ASSYNT Mackay,xxv n. George, in Mudale, xxiv n., Mackenziexxxvii n. of Tarbat, Sir John, Mackay,Oldany, Mrs. xlii Jean, n., xlvi tackswoman and n., 57, of Mackenzie,of Fraserdale, Alexander Alexander), (later Fraser xiii, Mackay,67, 85. Lt. John, tacksman of xv,, xviAlexander, w. W.S., agent and MacdonaldLyne, Oldany, of Unapool,Barrisdale, 67. Coll, cashierSutherland, to Tutors xix n., of xxiiCountess and n.,of McDonald,younger, ix.Donald, grasskeeper at xxviixxiii n.,«., xxiv xxviii n., xxv n., w., xxix xxvi n.,w., Mackdonald,Torbreck, 111,Kenneth, 87. in Polti- xxxixxxx ra.,n., 55,xxxi 58-9, n., 93. xxxiii n., Macdonald,carrican, 58.Murdo, in Nedd, xli n., xlii,, Alexander,lii, 77. pedlar in Culag, Mackeanroch,85. John, in Oldany, Eadar, Alexander, a Chalda, 67,tacksman 80. of Mcfarquhar,xviii n. Donald, in Achihuron, 86., Donald, in Rientraid, 1 n., , John, in Achihuron, xii n. more,, Hector, lii, 75. cathechist in Clash- MacHomash,, Murdoch, Donald,in Achihuron, miller xii n.in Ardloch,, John, Alexanderson of Mackenzie III, xxxvii ofn. McloinOldany, VicComb, xliv, hi, Calum, 85. in Achna- Donald,, John, in son Kintail, of Mackenzie, xii n. Mr. Mackenzieshellach, ofxii Ardloch, n. Alexander I, 65,, John,92, 93. merchant in Inverness, xxxvii, Alexander n. III, factor of , John, inin Ardvar,Brackloch 6, 58, of 72. Led- Assynt,Filin, Ledbeg, tacksman xi n.,of xviCulag, n., beg,, John, 34. in Clashmore, xlix, 75. xix-xxi,and n., xxivxxvii «., w.,xxv xxviii «., xxviw., , John, inin Ledbeg,Rientraid, 33. 1 n., 86. xxx and n., xxxi n., xxxiii n., xlii, Kenneth,n., 67, 80. tacksman of Elphin, xxxivxlii n., n., xlvi xxxv n., andxlix n.,and xxxvi-xl, n., liii, ——, Kenneth, tacksman of Bad- 17,89-94. 25, 34, 55, 56, 65, 67, 80, 83, nadamph,didarach, CnocInver, nan Tubeg, Each, Inch-xxxv , Alexander III; Sutherland of and, Kenneth, n., 47, 65, tacksman 66, 67, 81, of 87.Badna- Langwell,xxxvii n., xlMargaret, and n., 56. wife of, ban and Inverkirkaig, xxxvii n., , John II, xxxvii n. xlix,, Kenneth, 58, 66, 67, tailor 74, 81.in Knockan, Mackenzie, Cpt. John,of Assynt, ix n., John xxxvii I, n.ix. lii, 83. , Kenneth II, x-xvi, xviii n., xli, «.,Kenneth, 72. in Achnacarnin, xxxvii, Kenneth n. II; Mackenzie of , Kenneth, in Glenleraig, 27. Conansbay, Frances, wife of, , Murdo,Lauchlan, tacksman in Clachtoll, of Strone-13, 74. Mackenziex-xvi, xxxvii of Belmaduthy, n. Wilham, chrubie and Tubeg, xlix n., 67, 92. 87., Murdo, tacksman of Tubeg, Mackenzieander, x ofn. Conansbay, Col. Alex- 67, 87. , Frances. See Mackenzie of , Roderick,Murdo, in Brahan,son of Mackenziexviii n. MackenzieAssynt, Kennethof Delvine, II. John, xvi n., of Ardloch, Alexander III, xvii «., xix «., xxiv n., xxvii w., —■xxxvii—, Roderick, n. miller in Glen- 93.xxxvii and n., xxxviii «., li leraig, lii, 80. INDEX 101 Assynt,, Rev. tacksman William, of Kirktonminister andof McLeod,Macleod, Norman,Roderick, in Achmore,legal agent, 57. xliiTorbreck, n., xlvi xxi n., n., lii xxxv, and n.,xli and31, 47,n., Macleod,xl n. Roderick, tacksman of 56,, William,57, 67, 82, tacksman 87. of Elphin, Ledmore,, Roderick, xviii in n. Inver, xviii n. 67,, William,80. in Inchnadamph, 57. McLeod,14, 76. William, in Clashnessie, Mackenzies,xliii-xliv. distribution in Assynt, ——,Macleods, William, distribution in Knockan, in Assynt,xlix n. Mckolvichomash,, in Nedd, xli. Alexander in Ol- McMurrochyxliii-xliv. Reoch, Kenneth, in Maclean,dany, xliv,Kenneth, 85. in Inver, 58, 81. Macra,Lochbroom, Finlay, xiirunner, n. 92. Macleodxviii n. of Assynt, Donald Neilson, of ,Assynt, John, subtenantxxv n. to minister Macleod, Neil, ofix, xviiiCadboll, n. Roderick, McRae,81. Alexander, in Glenleraig, 1, Macleod of Dunvegan, John, xviii n. McRaes,, Donald, distribution in Glenleraig, in Assynt,1, 81. Macleodxvi n., xviiiof Geanies,n. Hugh, ix, xliv., in Nedd, xli, 85. Macleodxviii n. of Macleod, Norman, Mackroarie,Assynt, 58, 84.Donald, in Little Macleod,of Aultnachie, Lt. Alexander, Bad a’ Ghrianan,tacksman Mackwilliam,Assynt, 57, 82.Donald, in Manse of Ledmore,67, 78, 83. xxxi n., 56, 58, 65, 66, Manse, building of Assynt, of, 30,xxi 31,n., 56,lii and57. n. McLeod,xlix n., Alexander,83. in Knockan, Mathison,Matheson, Kenneth,Alexander, xii alias n. Mcfar- Macleod,McLeod, Alexander,Angus, inin Oldany,Knockan, 58. May,quhar, Peter, in Lochalsh,surveyor, xiixviii n. n. Macleod,xlix n., Angus,82-3. in Oldany, 58. Miller,xix w., Thomas, xxxiii n.Lord Justice-Clerk, McLeod,keeper inDonald Little Assynt,McRory, lii, grass-84. Minerals,Mills, 90, xlix93. n. lii,, 77.Donald, weaver in Culag, Money,burgh, remittance93-4. of, to Edin- ——,, Duncan,Donald, inin Achnacamin,Knockan, xlix 6. n. Multures,Mudale, xxvi dry, n. 63, 66, 93. Macleod,58. George, in Little Assynt, Munro,44, 57, Alexander, 86. in Stoer, xlix, Ledmore,, Hugh, xviiialias n. MacCormal, in , William,John, in Stoer,xii n. xlix, 44, 86. McLeod,lii, 76. John, miller in Clashnessie, Names, personal, xli-xliv. McLeod,Macleod, John, runner,in Achnacarnin, 92. 6, Nancy,‘ Nareverack ship, xxv’, shieling, n., xxvi 25. n. Macleod,72. John, in Cromalt, xviii w. Naver,Nedd, xliriver, n., 93.xliii n., Iv, 26, 39-40, McLeod, , Katherine Kenneth, Neilson, weaver xviii n. in 51,, bay57, 62,of, 65,20, 67,21, 69,26, 85.39. Macleod,Inverkirkaig, Murdoch, lii, 81. in Achmore, Occupations, lii. McLeod,57, 71. Murdoch, in Clachtoll, 13, Oldany,Ochtow, xxixviii n. n., xxi n., xxxv n., 75., Niel, in Knockan, xlix n., 82. i xlvixxxvi and n., n., xliii li «.,and lii n., n., xliv liv, and14, 19,n., 102 THE SURVEY OF ASSYNT Oldany—continued40-3, 51, 56, 57, 58, 62, 65, 67, Salaries,St. Clair, 90, Col. 91, James,92. xi-xiv. 69,, 85.bay of, 41. Salmonlii, 63, fishings,65, 90, 91, xxxvii 92, 93. and n., , islandebb of, of, 19, 41. 40, 41, 42. Scobie,66, 67, John, 77. tacksman of Cromalt, Pasture Ground, xliv-li, 3-49 more, Kenneth, and Little tacksman Assynt, ofxvi Ach- n., Pearls,passim. xlix n. xliixxv «.,n., xlvixxx n., n., xlviii, xxxv 4, and23, 37,n., Peterhead,Pennant, Thomas, xxviii n. xxv n., xxvii. 56,, 66,Rev. 71, William,84. minister of Poll‘ Poldubra a Gharbh ’, shieling, Bhair, 31. xxxiv n., Scourie,Assynt, xxxv xvi n. xliii65, «.,67, xlvi69, n.,86 Ivi,(sec 21-2, also 51,Dubh 62, Seaforth,, Earl Lord, of, William, Kenneth, x-xvii. x. Pollakarkan.Chlais). See Poltecarrican. Sheep,Sea-ware, li and7, 11, n., 42. 6, 18, 19, 22, 29, Pollandrain,‘ Polland ’, shieling, burn of 7. (AUt Poll an ‘ Shian-more30, 35, 41, ’42, hill, 46. 18. Poltecarrican,Droighinn), 30,4, 5,31. 25, 37, 58, 72. SinclairShielings, ofxliv-li, Ulbster, 3-49 passim.Mrs. Janet, PopulationPoltegarrynach. of Assynt, See xl-xliv,Poltecarrican. xliv-li. Sinclair, George, tacksman of Filin, li. , distribution of, xliii-xliv, xlvi- , Kenneth, grasskeeper in Filin, Posts,Portsoy, 92. xxviii n. ‘ Skeranlii, 80. ’, shieling, 6. Potatoes,34, 44. xlviii and n., li, 18, 19, Skye, emigration from, xxiv and Prestanie,Aighean), 43.shieling (Preas nan Smeaton,Spirits, retailing Mr., 55. of, 63, 65. Puna, island of (Bilean Chrona), 42. Stipend,Stac Polly, 90, Ivi. 91. Quinag,, Byre Iv, of, Ivi, 43. 4, 5, 26, 45. Stoer,xlviii xi n., n., xlix, xxi 1-li, n., lii xliiin., Iv, «., 10, xliv, 11, Rahoun, shieling (Raffin), 13. 67,13, 69,40, 86.44-5, 51, 56, 57, 62, 65, Reay,‘ Reconiack Lord, ’,31, shieling, 49. 25. , Head,ebb of, liv. 44. Rent,Remittances, arrears toof, Edinburgh, xxix-xxx, 90,93-4. 91, Strathnaver,, Point, 26,emigration 44. from, xxiv- Rental92. of Assynt, 1776. See Assynt. Strathnaver,xxv, xxxii. Lady, Katherine, xvi- ‘ RiancrevichRiach-lachan ’ ’,of shieling, Ledmore, 46. 65, 83, Stronechrubie,xviii, xxxvi, 94.xxxiv n., xxxvi n., Rientraid,84. xxxv, xliii n., xlvi and n., xlviiixxxvii n., n., xlixxliii n., xlivlii n., n., Ivi,xlvi 39,n., xlviii,57, 62, 165, n., 67,Iv, 69,6, 86,7, 43,94. 48, 51, 45-6,, burn 51, 63,of (R. 65, Loanan),67, 69, 87. 27, 45. Rosehall,Rosebank, xx xvi n., n. 56. Sugar, millLoaf. of, See45, 46.Suilven. Ross,, David,Major Charles,miller 92.in Strone- Suilven,46. Ivi, 15, 16, 29, 30, 34, 35, chrubie,, Walter, lii, in87. Glenleraig, 58. Surveyors,son, John 91, ; Crawford,93 (see also William Ander- ; Run-rig,Roystoun, li Lord,30-1, xiii. 38. May,Home, Peter). John; Kirk, John, junior; INDEX 103 Surveys : Assynt, ■passim ; Coigach, , holders of, 66-7. Navidale,xviii n. ; Easterxx n.Helmsdale ; Glenlyon, and Tacksmen,tenants, xxxi-xxxiii.behaviour of, to sub- xxi55, n58 ; ; GolspieLochtayside, parish, xxiixviii; n., xxxvi., part of, in emigration, xxx- Sutherland,Loth parish, Countess xx n. of, Elizabeth, Tain, , measuresxx n., lii, against,36, 56, 92.xxxi-xxxvi. xviii,xxxii n.,xix xxxiv xxixn., xxxvii n., xxx n., 55,n., Torbreck,lii n., Iv, xxxv, 3, 9, xliii28, 46-7,n., xlvi51, 63,n., 92., Countess of, Elizabeth, Tutors Trarigil,65, 67, burn69, 87. of (R. Traligill), 27, n.,of, xixxxviii and n., n., xxix-xxxiv, xx, xxii, xxiii xxxvii- and ‘ Trechan30. ’, shieling, 44. xl,, liiEarl n., 55,of, 56,William 58-9, 92.(d. 1751), Tubeg,Tree planting, xxxiv xxvin., xxxv, and n.xxxvi n., ix-xvi,, Earl xxxvii of, William w., xl (d. and 1766), n. xvii- xliii51, 63, n., 65,xlvi 67, «., 69, Ivi, 87. 22, 27, 47-8, xlxviii, and xixw., xlix,n., 92,xxxvii, 93, 94. xxxviii, Turrerick,Tumore, shieling, xxx n. 4, 5, 37. Sutherland of Forse,Langwell, Cpt. Cpt.John, Rob- 92. Tutach, shieling (Totag), 44. ert, xxxvii n. Unapool, xxxiv n., xxxv n., Ardloch,, Margaret. Alexander See MackenzieIII. of xxxvi n., xlii n., xliii n., xliv, Sutherland of Rearquhar, Major 43,xlviii 48-9, n., xlix,51, 63, 1 and 65, n.,67, Iv, 69, 4, 88.5, 23, Sutherland,George, 92. Cpt. James, commis- sioner on Sutherland estates, Veigngarrow27, 28. hill (Beinn Gharbh), «.,xix-xxii, xl and xxiv-xxxvi, n., li n., 55-9, xxxix 66, and92, Votes, creation of, 92. 93,, Kenneth,94. Baillie of Dornoch, Wade, General, xiii. , , son of Sutherland, WemyssWemyss, ofhouse, Wemyss, xx. James, xix «., Angus, xxxi n. Wilkes,92. John, xl n. Tacks, , alteration analysis of, xlvi-li.in 1775, xxxiv- Woods,Woodkeepers, 3-49 passim. 92. , conjoint, xlix-li. , in Ledbeg,Glen Einig, li n. xvi n., lii.

REPORT OF THE SEVENTY-FIRST ANNUAL MEETING OF THE SCOTTISH HISTORY SOCIETY The Seventy-first Annual Meeting of the Scottish History Society was held in the Rooms of the Royal Society on Saturday, lUh December 1957 at 3 p.m. Dr. H. W. Meikle, C.B.E., D.Litt, LL.D., President of the Society, was in the Chair. The Report of the Council was as follows : At the beginning of October members received as the Volume for 1954-55 Early Records of Aberdeen, 1317 and 1398-1407, edited by Professor W. Croft Dickinson. Consisting mainly of the proceedings of the Burgh Court, these records constitute a mine of information for the social and economic history of Scotland in the fourteenth century, while the scholarly introduction is a major contribution to constitutional studies of mediaeval Scotland. The valuable index was prepared by Mr. M. R. Dobie, who refused to accept more than a small fee for this arduous work. Towards the cost of the volume, which slightly exceeds £1000, the Carnegie Trust for the Universities of Scotland has generously made a grant of £200. Miscellany Volume IX, which will follow, is in proof and should be ready for issue next autumn. As intimated in the last Report it will consist of the following five items : Papers Relating to the Captivity and Release of David II, edited by Dr. E. W. M. Balfour-Melville ; Accounts of Sir Duncan Forestar of Skipinch (Comptroller to James IV), 2 1495-1499, edited by Mr. P. Gouldesbrough ; Report by De La Brosse and D'Oysel on Conditions in Scotland, 1559-60, edited by Miss G. Dickinson ; Diary of Sir James Hope, edited by Mr. P. Marshall; and An Account of Proceedings from the Landing of Prince Charles Edward to the Battle of Prestonpans, edited by Mr. D. Nicholas. The Miscellany Volume will be followed by a volume of Wigtown Charters, which Mr. R. C. Reid is engaged in editing. Another volume of Scottish Supplications to Rome is being edited by Dr. Annie I. Dunlop, of which the cost will be met from the special fund which she is generously contributing. For a future volume the Council have under consideration John Home's Survey of Assynt, c. 1774, to be edited by Mr. R. J. Adam. They are also negotiating with the University of St. Andrews regarding a proposal to purchase and issue to members copies of the forthcoming Faculty of Arts Acta, edited by Mrs. Dunlop. Members of Council who retire in rotation at this time are Professor Croft Dickinson, Dr. C. A. Malcolm and Sir James Fergusson of Kilkerran, Bt. The Council recom- mend their re-election. During the past year 8 members have died and 3 have resigned. The names of 2 others have been removed from the list on failure to pay their subscriptions ; 48 new members have joined the Society. The total membership, including 162 libraries, is now 450, a net increase of 35. An Abstract of the Accounts, as audited, is appended. In presenting the Annual Report, Dr. E. W. M. Balfour- Melville, Chairman of Council, said that there were too many readers who preferred to consult the Society’s volumes in a library rather than pay a guinea a year to make their production possible. The large proportion of 3 members who were not primarily scholars but had a general interest in Scottish history might prefer fewer charters and mediaeval records and rather more ‘ chatty ’ volumes. The Council was always glad to hear of manuscripts of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries suitable for publica- tion. There had been a net increase of 35 members during the year chiefly due to 29 members of the Third Spalding Club having joined. Professor G. S. Pryde, in seconding, said that they deplored the cessation of the Third Spalding Club, they wished continuing life to such local publishing Societies as were left, but if any had to wind up their affairs he thought the Scottish History Society was the proper residuary legatee. The Report and Accounts were adopted. The President then delivered an address entitled ‘ Scotland without the Covenanters ’. He said that this was a supplement to his David Murray lecture at Glasgow University on ‘ Some Aspects of later seventeenth- century Scotland ’. In it he had adduced several features of that period which tended to modify at least the accepted view that it was ‘ the most pitiful in our annals ’. One characteristic of the government of the later Stewarts was the gradual extension of the scope of its activities. The ‘ Drunken ’ Parliament of the Restoration, for example, enacted statute labour which improved the maintenance of the roads. More important were the four Enclosure Acts, passed between 1661 and 1686. For the first time in Scotland a co-terminous proprietor was compelled to share the expense of a mutual fence or dyke. As a result, proprietors of the larger estates in the Lowlands began to enclose their lands and plant trees, which eventually effected a complete change in the appearance of the 4 countryside. These Acts were also part of the means whereby the improving landlords of the next century brought about an agricultural revolution. John Reid in his delightful Scots Gard’ner (1683), the first book on gardening published in Scotland, pointed out to ‘ the Ingenious Planters in Scotland ’ the ‘ inexpressible ’ need for enclosing and planting. He gave practical details for the construction of a formal garden, then common in England. His imaginative view of a suitable house with its dining room, two withdrawing rooms, a library and several bedrooms was typical of a time when the fortified tower or keep of earlier days was being adapted for a more comfortable and gracious way of life. Palatial mansions in the classical style, originating in France, were also being erected. They necessitated an architect, a new profession in Scotland, replacing the master mason working on traditional lines. Such buildings showed that Scotland in this as in other respects was within the orbit of European culture despite bitter religious strife and tyrannical government. In conclusion Dr. Meikle said that a general social history of the seventeenth century was a clamant need of Scottish historiography. A vote of thanks was accorded to the President. 5 ABSTRACT Account of Charge and Discharge of the Intromissions of the Honorary Treasurer for the year from 1st November 1956 to 31st October 1957. I. GENERAL ACCOUNT. CHARGE. I. Cash in Bank at 1st November 1956 :— 1. Sum at credit of Savings Account with Bank of Scotland .... 2. Sum at credit of Current Account with Bank of Scotland .... 3. Cash in hands of Bank of Scotland to meet postages .... £728 7 II. Subscriptions received .... 477 12 III. Past Publications sold (including postages recovered from purchasers) IV. Interest on Savings Account with Bank of Scotland ...... 13 14 V. Refund of Income Tax 63 11 VI. Grant from Carnegie Trust for the Uni- versities of Scotland towards Volume 49 200 0 VII. Miscellaneous 0 4 VIII. Sums drawn from Bank Current Account . £800 8 6 IX. Sums drawn from Bank Savings Account £1513 17 0 6 DISCHARGE I. Cost of Publications during year . . £691 18 8 Cost of printing Annual Report, Receipt Forms and Printers’ postages, etc. . . 35 17 7 £727 16 3 II. Miscellaneous Payments . . . . 71 17 2 III. Sums lodged in Bank Current Account . . £771 15 9 IV. Sums lodged in Bank Savings Account . . £13 14 2 V. Funds at close of this Account:— 1. Balance at credit of Savings Account with Bank of Scotland £496 11 8 2. Balance at credit of Current Account with Bank of Scotland 216 9 11 3. Cash in hands of Bank of Scotland to meet current postages 12 0 — 714 3 7 £1513 17 0 II. Dr. ANNIE I. DUNLOP SPECIAL FUND ACCOUNT. CHARGE. I. Cash in Bank at 1st November 1956 :— 1. Sum at credit of Savings Account with Bank of Scotland .... £200 0 0 2. Sum at credit of Current Account with Bank of Scotland . . . . 20 11 6 £220 11 6 II. Fifth payment received under Deed of Covenant dated 16th January 1953 . 100 0 0 III. Interest on Savings Account with Bank of Scotland . . . 8 10 6 IV. Refund of Income Tax 73 18 3 V. Sum drawn from Bank Savings Account £128 0 0 VI. Sums drawn from Bank Current Account . . £129 5 6 £403 0 3 DISCHARGE. I. Cost of Publication during year . . . £128 15 6 II. Miscellaneous payment . . . . 0 10 0 III. Sums lodged in Bank Savings Account . . £128 8 9 IV. Sums lodged in Bank Current Account . . £128 0 0 V. Funds at close of this Account:—- 1. Balance at credit of Savings Account with Bank of Scotland . . £254 8 9 2. Balance at credit of Current Account with Bank of Scotland . . 19 6 0 273 14 9 £403 0 3

Edinburgh, 6th November 1957.—I have examined the General Account and Dr. Annie I. Dunlop Special Fund Account of the Honorary Treasurer of the Scottish History Society for the year from 1st November 1956 to 31st October 1957, and I find the same to be correctly stated and sufficiently vouched. HENRY M. PATON, Auditor. g>cottusf) |)t£itorj> g>oci£ti»

LIST OF MEMBERS 1st November 1957 LIST OF MEMBERS Adam, Lieut.-Commander Charles Keith, R.N., Blair- Adam, Kinross-shire. Adam, R. J., Cromalt, Lade Braes, St. Andrews. Adamson, Miss Margot Robert, 100 Handside Lane, Welwyn Garden City, Herts. Agnew, Rev. A. T., M.A., B.D., H.C.F., St. George’s Vicarage, Shrewsbury. Alexander, Joseph, Trust per J. A. Carnegie & Smith, Solicitors, Union Bank of Scotland Buildings, Kirrie- muir. Alexander, William M., LL.D., 110 Hamilton Place, Aberdeen. Anderson, Mrs. Marjorie O., West View Cottage, Lade Braes Lane, St. Andrews. Anderson, Rev. W. J., M.A., 16 Drummond Place, Edin- burgh, 3. Arbuckle, Miss A. M. M., 11 M‘Laren Road, Edinburgh, 9. 10 Arbuckle, W. F., 1 Murrayfield Gardens, Edinburgh. Armet, Miss Catherine M., 6 Charlotte Square, Edinburgh. Baird, Kenneth D., 17 Bellevue Crescent, Edinburgh, 3. Balfour-Melville, E. W. M., D.Litt., 2 South Learmonth Gardens, Edinburgh {Chairman of Council and Hon. Secretary). Barron, Evan M., Inverness Courier, Inverness. Barrow, Geoffrey W. Steuart, Department of History, University College, London. Bayne, Mrs. Neil, 51 Ann Street, Edinburgh. Berry, Miss E. M. E., Fetternear, Kemnay, Aberdeenshire. Birrell, Mrs. N. Dow, 10 Canmore Street, Dunfermline. Boase, Edward R., Advocate, Westoun, Wardlaw Gardens, St. Andrews. LIST OF MEMBERS 3 20 Bonar, John James, 30 Greenhill Gardens, Edinburgh. Branston, Miss A. L., 41 Raeburn Place, Edinburgh. Briggs-Davie, C. H., Innerahavon, R.M.B. 114, Bundarra, 5 N., N.S.W., Australia. Browning, Professor Andrew, M.A., Durie House, 6 West Abercromby Street, Helensburgh. Buchanan, G. A., Gask House, Auchterarder. Buchanan, H. R., 172 St. Vincent Street, Glasgow. Buchanan, John, 67 Great King Street, Edinburgh. Buist, Frank D. J., Fairneyknowe, by Arbroath, Angus. Bulloch, Rev. James, Manse of Stobo, Peebles. Burnett, Robert McDonald, R.E., Booklaws, High Street, Melrose. 30 Burns, David M., 8 Beechwood Terrace, West Park Road, Dundee. Butchart, H. J., Willowwood, 626 King Street, Aberdeen. Bute, Most Hon. The Marquess of, Mountstuart, Isle of Bute. Cameron, Lieut.-Colonel Angus, Firhall, Naim. Campbell, A. W., 5 Abercorn Crescent, Edinburgh, 8. Campbell, Buchanan, W.S., Moidart, Currie, Midlothian. Campbell, Colin, c/o City Bank Farmers Trust Co., 22 William Street, New York, 15. Campbell, Sir George I., of Succoth, Bart., Crarae, Minard, Argyll. Campbell, Lieut.-Colonel H. Alastair, Altries, Milltimber, Aberdeenshire. Campbell, J. L., of Canna, Isle of Canna. 40 Campbell, Mrs. Margaret M., LL.B., Ponsonby Hall Hotel, 2 and 3 Ladbroke Square, London, W.ll. Campbell, Robert R., 98 West George Street, Glasgow. Campbell, Rev. William M., The Manse, Barloan, Dum- barton. Cant, Rev. Alan, 2 Kinburn Place, St. Andrews. Carmichael, P. O., Arthurstone, Meigle, Perthshire. 4 LIST OF MEMBERS Camon, R. J. F., 13 Warrender Park Crescent, Edinburgh, 9. Carr, H., 14 Inver Court, London, W.2. Clark, Mrs. James Ravelston, Blackball, Midlothian. Cockburn, The Very Rev. J. Hutchison, D.D., The Cathedral, Dunblane. Colquhoun, Rev. John, Free Presbyterian Manse, Glendale, Isle of Skye. 50 Corsar, Kenneth Charles, F.S.A.Scot., Mauricewood, Milton Bridge, Midlothian. Corson, James C., 11 Tantallon Place, Edinburgh, 9. Cowan, Ian B., M.A., 5 Comiston Terrace, Edinburgh, 10. Cowie, John, 20 Blythswood Square, Glasgow, C.2. Crawford and Balcarres, K.T., Rt. Hon. The Earl of, Balcarres, Colinsburgh, Fife. Crichton-Stuart, The Lord Colum, Ardencraig, Rothesay, Bute. Cross, A. R., B.A., Old Ballikinrain, Balfron, by Glasgow. Cruikshank, G. M., The Braeheads, Victoria Terrace, Turriff. Cunningham, Miss A., 15 Murrayfield Gardens, Edinburgh. Cuthbert, Alexander, C.A., F.S.A.Scot., 27 Cumlodden Avenue, Edinburgh. 60 Davidson, W. A., 12 York Place, Edinburgh, 1. Davidson, W. L., C.A., 142 St. Vincent Street, Glasgow, C.2. Davies, Professor Godfrey, 395 South Bonnie Avenue, Pasadena, California, U.S.A. De Beer, E. S., M.A., 11 Sussex Place, Regent’s Park, London, N.W.l. Dickinson, Miss G., 58 Denman Drive South, London, N.W.ll. Dickinson, Professor W. Croft, Ph.D., D.Lit., LL.D. 18 Frogston Road West, Edinburgh. Dickson, A. Hope, 9 Succoth Gardens, Edinburgh. LIST OF MEMBERS 5 Dickson, C. H., 8 Highwood Gardens, Ilford, Essex. Dickson, J. Douglas H., Mus.Doc., W.S., 7 Doune Terrace, Edinburgh (Hon. Treasurer). Dickson, Miss M. A. Ruth, Royal Holloway College, Uni- versity of London, Englefield Green, Surrey. 70 Dickson, Walter, Lynedoch House, Elcho Terrace, Portobello. Doig, James, 520 North Michigan Avenue, Chicago 11, Illinois, U.S.A. Don, Captain William G., Maulesden, Brechin, Angus. Donaldson, Gordon, Ph.D., 24 East Hermitage Place, Edinburgh. Donaldson, Robert, 16 Marchmont Crescent, Edinburgh. Donnelly, H. H., LL.B., Scottish Education Department, St. Andrew’s House, Edinburgh. Draffen, George S., The Cottage, Longforgan, by Dundee. Dunbar, John G., Royal Commission, Ancient and Historical Monuments (Scotland), 7 Coates Gardens, Edinburgh. Duncan, A. A. M., Department of History, Old College, Edinburgh University. Duncan, Archibald, M.A., 3 Royal Street, Gourock. 80 Dunlop, Mrs. Annie I., O.B.E., D.Litt., LL.D., 73 London Road, Kilmarnock. Dunlop, George, 15 Craigmuschat Road, Gourock. Dunlop, Miss Jean M., 30 India Street, Edinburgh. Durack, Mrs. Isabel J., 87 Comiston Drive, Edinburgh. Easson, Rev. D. E., B.D., Ph.D., 16 The Avenue, Scholes, near Leeds. Elrick, W. J. H., c/o Bank of New South Wales, 29 Thread- needle Street, London, E.C.2. Farquharson, D., 6 Sutherland Crescent, Darling Point, Sydney, New South Wales. Ferguson, Wm., Scottish History Department, The Uni- versity, Edinburgh. LIST OF MEMBERS Fergusson, Sir James, of Kilkerran, Bart., Kilkerran, Maybole, Ayrshire. Finlayson, Rev. Angus, Free Church Manse, North Tolsta, Stornoway. 90 Fleming, A. Gibb, Woodlands House, Milngavie, Dun- bartonshire. Fletcher, Sir Angus, S., K.C.M.G., C.B.E., East Hampton, New York, U.S.A. Foulis, George H. Liston, 13 Moray Place, Edinburgh. Fraser, Rev. Alexander, B.D., Manse of Kirkhill, Inverness- shire. Fraser, Barclay S., Viewforth, Glebe Road, Cramond, Edinburgh. Gaffney, Victor, 51 East Trinity Road, Edinburgh. Galbraith, Professor V. H., F.B.A., Garforth Road, Oxford. Galloway, T. L., of Auchendrane, by Ayr. Gauld, H. Drummond, Viewmount, Portsoy, Banffshire. Gent, Frank, O.B.E., 20 Great Stuart Street, Edinburgh. 100 Gibb, Sir Alexander, G.B.E., C.B., LL.D., F.R.S., Queen Anne’s Lodge, London, S.W.l. Glentanar, Rt. Hon. Lord, Glen Tanar, Aboyne, Aberdeen- shire. Gordon, Major David G. J. A., Haddo House, Aberdeen. Gordon, Edmund von, Kupferhaus, Dierdorf, Bez, Koblenz, Germany. Gordon, Miss Isabella, Hazelwood, Craigellachie, Banff- shire. Gouldesbrough, Peter, M.A., LL.B., Scottish Record Office, H.M. General Register House, Edinburgh. Grant, Miss I. F., LL.D., 35 Heriot Row, Edinburgh. Grant, Ian R., 11 Cumin Place, Edinburgh. Gray, Alex. L., 131 High Street, Inverurie, Aberdeenshire. Grierson, Henry J., W.S., Laguna, Murthly, Perthshire. 110 Guthrie, Charles, W.S., 9 Great Stuart Street, Edinburgh. Guthrie, Douglas, M.D., F.R.C.S., 21 Clarendon Crescent, Edinburgh. LIST OF MEMBERS 7 Haldane, A. R. B., W.S., D.Litt., 4 North Charlotte Street, Edinburgh. Hamilton, Rev. W. H., The Manse of Leslie. Hannah, Alexander, 20 Broadstone Park, Inverness. Hay, Professor Denys, 31 Fountainhall Road, Edinburgh. Hay, Col. R. A., United Service Club, Pall Mall, London. Hayward, Robert S., 3 Lauder Road, Edinburgh. Heely, Miss Muriel S., Norbury House, Alford, Lines. Henderson, Miss E. B., Nether Parkley, Linlithgow. 120 Hesketh, Lady, Powcester, Northamptonshire. Hope, Major Archibald John George, of Luffness, Aberlady. Horn, Professor D. B., D.Litt., The University, Edinburgh. Horne, Miss E. M. Van, 5 Rothesay Place, Edinburgh, 3. Horridge, Captain W., M.C., F.C.S., F.R.S.A., Heather Lea, Bury. Howe, J. R., Tylehurst, Brockfield Road, York. Howell, Roger, Jr., 112 St. Dunstans Road, Baltimore 12, Maryland, U.S.A. Hunter, J. N. W., Ph.D., Moray House Training College, Holyrood Road, Edinburgh. Hunter, R. L., Kirkmailing, Larbert. Hutchison, David M., 170 Hope Street, Glasgow.

130 Ingram, A. L., 35 Forest Avenue, Aberdeen. Innes, Rev. George P., B.D., LL.B., The South Manse, Skelmorlie, Ayrshire. Innes, Sir Thomas, of Learney, K.C.V.O., Lord Lyon King of Arms, H.M. General Register House, Edin- burgh.

James, Sir Fullarton, Bart., Beech Grove, Sunninghill, Berks. Johnston, Rt. Hon. Thomas, LL.D., Holm Cottage, Fintry, Stirlingshire. 8 LIST OF MEMBERS Keir, Sir David Lindsay, The Master’s Lodgings, Balliol College, Oxford. Kennedy, A., Ardvoulin, South Park Road, Ayr. Kilgour, Robert M., 22 Great King Street, Edinburgh. Kilpatrick, Rev. John, B.D., Ph.D., F.S.A.Scot., The Manse, Garelochhead, Dunbartonshire. Kilpatrick, P. J. W., Slipperfield House, West Linton. 140 King, Cecil H., Cushine House, Alford, Aberdeenshire. Kintore, Rt. Hon. The Earl of, Keith Hall, Inverurie, Aberdeenshire. Knox, J. M., 57 St. Vincent Street, Glasgow. Laing, John E., 20 Bridge Street, Glasgow, C.5. Law, David D., 84 Blenheim Place, Aberdeen. Lee, Maurice, Jr., Dept, of History, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, U.S.A. Leiper, R. J., Tomphubil, Foss, by Pitlochry. Leslie, Hon. J. W., 51 Albert Court, London, S.W.7. Lightbody, John, Solicitor, 1 St. Patrick’s Road, Lanark. Lilburn, Gavin G., c/o Scottish Liberal Club, Edinburgh. 150 Lindsay, Lady Broun, Colstoun, Haddington. Lockett, G. D., M.B.E., Clonterbrook House, Swettenham, Congleton, Cheshire. Longmuir, Rev. J. Boyd, M.A., B.L., Manse of Swinton, Duns, Berwickshire. Lorimer, W. L., 19 Murray Park, St. Andrews, Fife. Macarthur, Neil, Solicitor, Old National Bank Buildings, Inverness. MacDonald, Sir Murdoch, K.C.M.G., M.P., 72 Victoria Street, London, S.W.l. Macdonald, Norman, 10 Allanvale Road, Prestwick. MacDonald, Rae, 12 Rosemod Court, 333 Musgrave Road, Durban, South Africa. Macdowall, C. G., M.A., C.A., Flowerburn Cottage, Fortrose. LIST OF MEMBERS Macfarlane-Grieve, Lieut.-Colonel A. A., M.C., M.A., Lyneholm, Westerkirk, Langholm, Dumfriesshire. 160 Mclnnes, C. T., H.M., General Register House, Edinburgh. M‘Intosh, Murdoch, Drummond Tower, Upper Drummond, Inverness. Mackay, Miss Margaret L., 3 Braid Mount, Edinburgh. Mackay, William, Netherwood, Inverness. Mackechnie, Donald, Schoolhouse, Bridge of Douglas, Inveraray. McKechnie, Hector, B.A., LL.B., Q.C., Woodend, North Berwick. Mackenzie, Sir Compton, 31 Drummond Place, Edinburgh. Mackenzie, Mrs. P. C., 7 Stainforth Road, Newbury Park, Essex. M‘Kerral, Andrew, C.I.E., M.A., B.Sc., Morton, Midcalder. Mackie, Professor J. D., C.B.E., M.C., LL.D., The University, Glasgow. 170 MacKinnon, Flt.-Lt. C. R., 34 Ashkirk Drive, Glasgow, S.W.2. Mackinnon, Rev. Donald, F. C. Manse, Kennoway, Fife. Maclachlan, C. F. M., W.S., 16 Walker Street, Edinburgh, 3. MacLehose, Mrs. James, 5 Heriot Row, Edinburgh. M‘Nab, Rev. J. Strathearn, St. Leonard’s Manse, Ayr. M‘Naughton, W. R. D., 69 Forest Road, Aberdeen. M‘Neill, William A., 33 Oakfield Avenue, Glasgow. Macpherson, Bruce W., Barrister-at-Law, Crogga, Port Soderick, Isle of Man. Malcolm, Charles A., O.B.E., Ph.D., Signet Library, Edinburgh. Marshall, David C., Kilbucho Place, Broughton, Peeblesshire. 180 Marshall, P., 140 Wedderlea Drive, Cardonald, Glasgow. Marshall, Sir William M., Knowehead, Uddingston. Mason, John, Mayfield, South Queensferry, West Lothian. Matthews, Henry M‘E., 1172 Park Avenue, New York City, 28., New York, U.S.A. Maxwell, Stuart, M.A., F.S.A.Scot., 23 Dick Place, Edin- burgh, 9. 10 LIST OF MEMBERS Meikle, H. W., C.B.E., LL.D., D.Litt., 23 Riselaw Road, Edinburgh. {President.) Michael, James D., O.B.E., Achromrack, Drumnadrochit, Inverness-shire. Millar, Hugo B., c/o R. D. Millar & Co., 73 Robertson Street, Glasgow, C.2. Miller, Archd., 2978409, B.Q.M.S., 137/27 H.A.A. Regt. R.A., Stanley Fort, Hong Kong. Miller, R. Pairman, S.S.C., 13 Heriot Row, Edinburgh. 190 Milne, Charles, Q.C., 9 Howe Street, Edinburgh. Milne, James Fairweather, Rocksley House, Boddam, Peterhead. Moncreiffe, Captain Iain, Scots Guards, Easter Moncreiffe, Bridge of Earn. Moore, Miss Margaret F., 31 St. Bernard’s Crescent, Edinburgh. Morrison, Alick, 21 Herriet Street, Pollokshields, Glasgow. Morrison, Dr. H. P., Shawpark, Selkirk. Morrison, Mrs. Norah, Sannox, 6 Murray Drive, Crieff. Muirhead, Roland E., Meikle Cloak, Lochwinnoch. Murchison, Rev. T. M., M.A., 14 Kinross Avenue, Glasgow. Murray, A. L., Scottish Record Office, H.M. General Register House, Edinburgh, 2. 200 Murray, Miss Mabel I., 6 Craighill Gardens, Edinburgh. Nicholas, Don. L., Gatehampton Manor, Goring-on- Thames, Oxon. Nimmo, Mrs. Anne E., 20 Manor Place, Edinburgh. Noble, John, Ardkinglas, Cairndow, Argyll. Oliver, Mrs. F. S., Edgerston, Jedburgh. Oliver, J. W., D.Litt., 41 Barnton Terrace, Edinburgh. Otty, Mrs. Isabel, Aird Villa, 45 Mayne Road, Elgin. Palmer, Kenneth, 4 Cumin Place, Edinburgh, 9. LIST OF MEMBERS 11 Paton, Henry M., 5 Little Road, Liberton, Edinburgh. Patrick, Arthur, 21 Sunny Bank Road, Sutton Coldfield, Birmingham. 210 Philip, Sheriff Sir J. R., O.B.E., Q.C., 53 Great King Street, Edinburgh. Pirie-Gordon, Harry, of Buthlaw, D.S.C., F.S.A., Polesacre, Lowfield Heath, Crawley, Sussex. Pollok, Mrs. Gladys M., Ronachan, Clachan, Tarbert, Argyll. Powrie, Thomas, The Nursery House, 1 Park Avenue, Fillybrooks, Stone, Staffs. Prain, A. M., Advocate, Castellar, Crieff, Perthshire. Pryde, G. S., Ph.D., 9 Great Western Terrace, Glasgow. Rae, Alan, 1 Thorburn Grove, Colinton, Edinburgh. Ramsay, Captain Iain, Tigh A Chuain, Isle of Islay. Ramsay, Miss M. P., 11 Saxe Coburg Place, Edinburgh. Reid, James A., 28 Anderson Street, Airdrie. 220 Reid, R. C., Cleuchbrae Cottage; Ruthwell R.S.O., Dumfriesshire. Reid,- W. Stanford, Department of History, M‘Gill Uni- versity, Montreal, Canada. Richardson, John, 9 Cluny Gardens, Edinburgh. Robb, George, c/o Messrs Edmonds & Ledingham, Advo- cates, 1 Golden Square, Aberdeen. Robertson, Ian Macdonald, LL.B., Advocate, 49 Moray Place, Edinburgh. Robertson, Robert, 15 Leopold Place, Edinburgh. Rosebery, Rt. Hon. The Earl of, K.T., D.S.O., Dalmeny House, Edinburgh. Saltoun, Rt. Hon. Lord Cairnbulg Castle, Fraserburgh. Salvesen, Harold K., Inveralmond, Cramond, Edinburgh. Salvesen, I. R. S., Bonnington House, Kirknewton, Midlothian. 12 LIST OF MEMBERS 230 Salvesen, T. Norman F., 39 Inverleith Place, Edinburgh. Scott, David Glenaros, Isle of Mull, by Oban. Scott, P. H., British Embassy, La Paz, Bolivia. Scott, R. Lyon, Braeside, Loanhead, Midlothian. Shaw, Duncan, 6 Ulster Crescent, Edinburgh. Sheppard, Dr. Elizabeth A., Auckland University College, P.O. Box 2553, Auckland, C.I., New Zealand. Simpson, Grant G., M.A., Scottish Record Office, H.M. General Register House, Edinburgh. Simpson, W. Douglas, D.Litt., The University, Aberdeen. Simson, Mrs. Annie, Balmanno, Laurencekirk, Kin- cardineshire. Smith, Miss Dorothea Nimmo, 22 Ann Street, Edinburgh. 240 Smith, John, D.Sc., Birkhill, Coalburn, Lanarkshire. Smith, J. W. M., 23 Guildhall Street, Dunfermline. Snadden, Lady M‘Nair, The Coldoch, Blair Drummond, Stirling. Southesk, Rt. Hon. The Earl of, K.C.V.O., Kinnaird Castle, Brechin, Angus. Stair, Rt. Hon. The Earl of, K.T., D.S.O., Lochinch Castle, Stranraer, Wigtownshire. Stenhouse, B. A., 11 Learmonth Park, Edinburgh. Stevenson, Miss Anne H. 12 Monteith Road, Newlands, Glasgow. Stewart, Miss Helen C., 45 Wilton Place, London, S.W.l. Stirling, Matthew, 11 Davenport Avenue, Hessle, East Yorkshire. Stodart, Charles, of Leaston, Humbie. 250 Strathie, A. C., The Mill House, Strathblane, Stirlingshire. Struthers, Major J. G., Ardmaddy Castle, by Oban, Argyll. Swinton, Rev. Alan E., of Swinton House, Duns. Taylor, Miss Charlotte C. C., 15 Dalziel Place, Edinburgh, 7. Taylor, Lieut.-Col. I. B. C., Balhousie Castle, Perth. Taylor, Sir Thomas M., Principal and Vice-Chancellor, The University, Aberdeen. LIST OF MEMBERS 13 Thoms, David B., Strathview, Trinity Road, Brechin, Angus. Thomson, Alexander, LL.B., 11 Moray Place, Edinburgh. Thomson, J. A., The Elms, Annan. Thomson, Brig.-Gen. N. A., C.M.G., D.S.O. (retired), Mansfield, Kohstad, East Griqualand, South Africa. 260 Thomson, W. O., 14 Greenhill Place, Edinburgh. Thorbum, Alex., Bracadale Cottage, Beaufort Drive, Kirkintilloch. Thurso of Ulbster, Rt. Hon. Viscount, P.C., K.T., Thurso Castle, Caithness. Trail, Mrs. M. S., 364 Victoria Road, Aberdeen. Urquhart, Donald, 83 North Way, Durban North, Natal, South Africa. Waddell, W. A., Fairport, Ayr. Walker, James F., 2 Albert Street, Aberdeen. Walton, Mrs. P. M. Eaves, M.A., 55 Manor Place, Edin- burgh. Waterston, Robert, 27 Inverleith Terrace, Edinburgh. Watson, Arthur, 23 Danes Drive, Scotstoun, Glasgow. 270 Watson, Miss Elspeth G. Boog, 24 Garscube Terrace, Murrayfield, Edinburgh. Watson, Professor James A. S., B.Sc., 4 Sheldon Avenue, Highgate, London. Watt, Donald E. R., Department of History, St. Andrews University. Webster, Bruce, History Department, The University, Glasgow, W.2. Wedgwood, Miss C. V., 22 St. Ann’s Terrace, London. Whyte, Donald, West Briggs, 10 Station Road, Kirkliston. Whyte, Robert D., 33 Mountstuart Road, Rothesay. Wilson, Miss Florence E., 164 Forest Avenue, Aberdeen. Wilson, Sir Garnet, LL.D., St. Colmes, 496 Perth Road, Dundee. Wotherspoon, Robert, Solicitor, Inverness. 14 LIST OF MEMBERS 280 Wright, James M. B., of Auchinellan, Ford, Argyll. Wyllie, Matthew, 169 West George Street, Glasgow, C.2. Young, David R., Solicitor, Kinross. Young, Douglas, Makarsbield, Tayport, Fife. Young, Kenneth G., M.A., LL.B., W.S., Heatherhill, Auchterarder. Young, Miss Margaret D., 21 Braidburn Crescent, Edin- burgh. LIST OF LIBRARIES SUBSCRIBING Aberdeen Public Library. Aberdeen University Library. Arbroath Public Library. Auckland University College, New Zealand. Ayr, Carnegie Public Library. Baltimore, Peabody Institute, U.S.A. Belfast Library and Society for Promoting Knowledge, Donegall Square North, Belfast (Linenhall Library). Belfast, Queen’s University. Birmingham Public Libraries (Ref. Dept.). 10 Birmingham University Library. Boston Athenaeum, Mass, U.S.A. Boston Public Library, Mass., U.S.A. Bowdoin College Library, Brunswick, Maine, U.S.A. Bristol University, Bristol. British Columbia, University of, The Library, Vancouver, 8, B.C. Canada. Brussels, Bibliotheique Royale de Belgique, Belgium. California University Library, Berkeley, 4, California, U.S.A. Cambridge University Library. Canada, National Library of, Ottawa. 20 Canberra, Commonwealth National Library, Australia. Cardiff Free Public Library. Cardross, St. Peter’s College. Chicago, Newberry Library, U.S.A. Chicago University Library, U.S.A. Cincinnati, The General Library, University of Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.A. Cleveland Public Library, 325 Superior Avenue, N.W., Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A. Coatbridge, Carnegie Public Library. Columbia University Library, New York, U.S.A. Copenhagen, Royal Library, Denmark. 30 Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, U.S.A. Dartmouth College Library, Hanover, N.H., U.S.A. Dublin, Trinity College, The Library, Ireland. 1C LIST OF LIBRARIES SUBSCRIBING Duke University Library, Durham, North Carolina, U.S.A. Dumbarton Free Public Library. Dundee Public Library. Dundee University College Library. Dunfermline Public Library. Dunoon, The Tulloch Free Library, Castle House. Edinburgh, Central Scottish Library for Students. 40 Edinburgh, Church of Scotland Library. Edinburgh, Corporation of the City of, City Chambers. Edinburgh, Episcopal Church Theological Library, Coates Hall, Rosebery Crescent. Edinburgh, Fraser Chair of Scottish History, Edinburgh University. Edinburgh, Free Church Library, Bank Street. Edinburgh, H.M. General Register House (Historical Department). Edinburgh, Hope Trust, 31 Moray Place. Edinburgh, National Museum of Antiquities of Scotland, Queen Street. Edinburgh, New Club, Princes Street. Edinburgh, New College Library, Mound. 50 Edinburgh, Protestant Institute of Scotland, 17 George IV. Bridge. Edinburgh Public Library, George IV. Bridge. Edinburgh, Royal College of Physicians, 9 Queen Street. Edinburgh, St. Mary’s Cathedral Library. Edinburgh, Scottish Central Library, Lawnmarket. Edinburgh, Signet Library, Parliament Square. Edinburgh, Society of Solicitors before the Supreme Court. Edinburgh, Speculative Society, University Buildings. Edinburgh, The Stewart Society, 50 Melville Street. Edinburgh University Library. 60 Falkirk Public Library. Fort Augustus, St. Benedict’s Abbey. Fort William, West Highland Museum. Glasgow, Baillie’s Institution Free Library. Glasgow, Faculty of Procurators. Glasgow, Mitchell Library (The Moir Fund). Glasgow University Library. Glasgow University, The Scottish History Class Library. Glasgow, Western Club. Goteborg, City and University Library, Sweden. LIST OF LIBRARIES SUBSCRIBING 17 70 Haddington, Sancta Maria Abbey, Nunraw. Harvard College Library, Cambridge, Mass, U.S.A. Illinois University Library, Urbana, 111., U.S.A. Indiana University Library, U.S.A. Inverness Public Library. Iowa State University, Iowa, U.S.A. Ireland, National Library of, Dublin. Kilmarnock Public Library. Kirkintilloch Public Library. Leeds Library, Commercial Street, Leeds. 80 Leeds Reference Library. Leeds University, Brotherton Library. Liverpool University. London, Antiquaries, Society of, Burlington House, Piccadilly, London, W.l. London, Corporation Library, Guildhall. London, Institute of Historical Research, Malet Street, W.C.l. London Library, St. James’s Square. London, Public Record Office. London, Reform Club, Pall Mall, S.W.l. London School of Economics and Political Science, Houghton Street, Aldwych, London, W.C.2. 90 London, The Society of Genealogists, 34 Harrington Gardens, S.W.7. London, University College, Gower Street, London. London University Library, The Goldsmiths’ Librarian, Bloomsbury, W.C.l. Los Angeles Public Library, California, U.S.A. Los Angeles, University of California Library, U.S.A. Louvain, Bibliotheque de L’Universite, Belgium. Lund, Universitets Bibliotheket, Sweden. Manchester, John Rylands Library. Manchester Public Library, Central Library, 2. Manchester University Library. 100 Melbourne, University of, Carlton, Australia. Michigan State University Library, East Lansing, Mich., U.S.A. Michigan, University of, General Library, Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S.A. 18 LIST OF LIBRARIES SUBSCRIBING Minnesota, Library of University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, U.S.A. Missouri University, General Library, Columbia, Missouri, U.S.A. Montreal, McGill University, Canada. Motherwell Public Libraries. Nashville, Joint University Library, Tennessee, U.S.A. Netherlands Royal Library, The Hague, Holland. Newcastle-upon-Tyne, King’s College. 110 Newcastle-upon-Tyne Public Library. New South Wales Library, Sydney, Australia. New York, Library of the General Theological Seminary, U.S.A. New York Public Library, U.S.A. New York State Library, U.S.A. New York University, Washington Square Library, U.S.A. Northwestern University Library, Evanston, Illinois, U.S.A. Notre Dame University, Indiana, U.S.A. Nottingham Free Public Library. Oregon University Library, Eugene, Oregon, U.S.A. 120 Orkney County Library, Kirkwall. Ottawa, Parliamentary Library, Canada. Oxford, All Souls College. Oxford, Bodleian Library. Oxford, Worcester College. Paisley, Philosophical Institution. Paris, Bibliotheque Nationale, France. Pennsylvania Historical Society, U.S.A. Pennsylvania University Library, Philadelphia, U.S.A. Perth, Sandeman Public Library. 130 Pittsburgh, The University Library, U.S.A. Princeton Theological Seminary, New Jersey, U.S.A. Princeton University Library, New Jersey, U.S.A. Reading University Library. Rochester University Library, New York, U.S.A. St. Andrews, Hay Fleming Library. St. Andrews University Library. San Francisco Public Library, Civic Center, California, U.S.A. LIST OF LIBRARIES SUBSCRIBING 19 San Marino, Henry E. Huntington Library and Art Gallery, California, U.S.A. Sheffield Free Public Library. 140 Sheffield University Library. Stanford University Library, California, U.S.A. Stirling Public Library. Stockholm, Royal Library, Sweden. Stonyhurst College, Blackburn, Lancashire. Sydney, Society of Australian Genealogists, G.P.O. Box 860, New South Wales, Australia. Texas Technological College Library, Lubbock, Texas, U.S.A. Texas, University of, Austin, Texas, U.S.A. Toronto Reference Library, Canada. Toronto University Library, Canada. 150 Uppsala, Royal University Library, Sweden. Utrecht, Historisch Genootschap, Holland. Vaticana Biblioteca Apostolica, Citta del Vaticano, Italy. Victoria Public Library, Melbourne, Australia. Virginia State Library, U.S.A. Wales, National Library of, Aberystwyth. Washington, The Folger Shakespeare Library, U.S.A. Washington, Library of Congress, U.S.A. Washington University Library, Seattle, Washington, U.S.A. Wellington, Victoria University, New Zealand. 160 Wick, Carnegie Public Library. Wisconsin, University of, U.S.A. Yale University Library, U.S.A. Copies of the Society’s Publications are presented to the following Libraries :— British Museum, London. National Library of Scotland, Edinburgh.

I*

ikotttef) S^storp ^otietp

THE EXECUTIVE 1957-1958 President. H. W. Meikle, C.B.E., D.Litt., LL.D. Chairman of Council. E. W. M. Balfour-Melville, D.Litt. Council. Professor W. Croft Dickinson, D.Litt., LL.D. C. A. Malcolm, O.B.E., Ph.D., LL.D. Sir James Fergusson of Kilkerran, Bt. C. T. McInnes, O.B.E., LL.D. Gordon Donaldson, D.Litt. Mrs. Annie I. Dunlop, O.B.E., D.Litt., LL.D. H. M. Paton. Rev. Donald Mackinnon, D.D. G. S. Pryde, Ph.D. Professor W. L. Lorimer. Professor J. D. Mackie, C.B.E., M.C., LL.D. Sir T. Innes of Learney, K.C.V.O. Corresponding Members of Council. G. M. Trevelyan, O.M., C.B.E., F.B.A., D.C.L., LL.D., D.Litt., Trinity College, Bedford. Professor V. H. Galbraith, F.B.A., Regius Professor of Modern History in the University of Oxford. Hon. Treasurer. J. Douglas H. Dickson, O.B.E., W.S., Mus.Doc., 66 Queen Street, Edinburgh. Hon. Secretary. E. W. M. Balfour-Melville, D.Litt., 2 South Learmonth Gardens, Edinburgh. Hon. Assistant Secretary. Grant G. Simpson, Scottish Record Office, Edinburgh. RULES 1. The object of the Society is the discovery and printing, under selected editorship, of unpublished documents illustrative of the civil, religious, and social history of Scotland. The Society will also undertake, in exceptional cases, to issue trans- lations of printed works of a similar nature which have not hitherto been accessible in English. 2. The affairs of the Society shall be managed by a Council, consisting of a Chairman, Treasurer, Secretary, and twelve elected Members, five to make a quorum. Three of the twelve elected Members shall retire annually by ballot, but they shall be eligible for re-election. 3. The Annual Subscription to the Society shall be One Guinea. The publications of the Society shall not be delivered to any Member whose Subscription is in arrear, and no Member shall be permitted to receive more than one copy of the Society’s publications. 4. The Society will undertake the issue of its own publica- tions, i.e. without the intervention of a publisher or any other paid agent. 5. The Society normally issues one volume each year. 6. An Annual General Meeting of the Society shall be held at the end of October, or at an approximate date to be deter- mined by the Council. 7. Two stated Meetings of the Council shall be held each year, one on the last Tuesday of May, the other on the Tuesday preceding the day upon which the Annual General Meeting shall be held. The Secretary, on the request of three Members of the Council, shall call a special meeting of the Council. 8. Editors shall receive 20 copies of each volume they edit for the Society. 9. The owners of Manuscripts published by the Society will also be presented with a certain number of copies. 10. The Annual Balance Sheet, Rules, and List of Members shall be printed. 11. No alteration shall be made in these Rules except at a General Meeting of the Society. A fortnight’s notice of any alteration to be proposed shall be given to the Members of the Council. PUBLICATIONS OF THE SCOTTISH HISTORY SOCIETY For the year 1886-1887. 1. Bishop Pococke’s Tours in Scotland, 1747-1760. Edited byD. W. Kemp. 2. Diary and Account Book of William Cunningham of Craigends, 1673-1680. Edited by the Rev. James Dodds, D.D. For the year 1887-1888. 3. Grameidos libri sex : an heroic poem on the Campaign of 1689, by James Philip of Almerieclose. Translated and edited by the Rev. A. D. Murdoch. 4. The Register of the Kirk-Session of St. Andrews. Part i, 1559-1582. Edited by D. Hay Fleming. For the year 1888-1889. 5. Diary of the Rev. John Mill, Minister in Shetland, 1740- 1803. Edited by Gilbert Goudie. 6. Narrative of Mr. James Nimmo, a Covenanter, 1654- 1709. Edited by W. G. Scott-Moncrieff. 7. The Register of the Kirk-Session of St. Andrews. Part ii, 1583-1600. Edited by D. Hay Fleming. For the year 1889-1890. 8. A List of Persons concerned in the Rebellion (1745). With a Preface by the Earl of Rosebery. Presented to the Society by the Earl of Rosebery. 9. Glamis Papers : The ‘ Book of Record,’ a Diary written by Patrick, first Earl of Strathmore, and other docu- ments (1684-89). Edited by A. H. Millar. 10. John Major’s History of Greater Britain (1521). Translated and edited by Archibald Constable. For the year 1890-1891. 11. The Records of the Commissions of the General Assemblies, 1646-47. Edited by the Rev. Professor Mitchell, D.D., and the Rev. James Christie, D.D. 12. Court-Book of the Barony of Urie, 1604-1747. Edited by the Rev. D. G. Barron. 4 PUBLICATIONS For the year 1891-1892. 13. Memoirs of Sir John Clerk of Penicuik, Baronet. Extracted by himself from his own Journals, 1676-1755. Edited by John M. Gray. 14. Diary of Col. the Hon. John Erskine of Carnock, 1683-1687. Edited by the Rev. Walter Macleod. For the year 1892-1893. 15. Miscellany of the Scottish History Society. Vol. i. 16. Account Book of Sir John Foulis of Ravelston (1671- 1707). Edited by the Rev. A. W. Cornelius Hallen. For the year 1893-1894. 17. Letters and Papers illustrating the Relations between Charles ii and Scotland in 1650. Edited by Samuel Rawson Gardiner, D.C.L., etc. 18. Scotland and the Commonwealth. Letters and Papers RELATING TO THE MILITARY GOVERNMENT OF SCOTLAND, Aug. 1651-Dec. 1653. Edited by C. H. Firth, M.A. For the year 1894-1895. 19. The Jacobite Attempt of 1719. Letters of James, second Duke of Ormonde. Edited by W. K. Dickson. 20. 21. The Lyon in Mourning, or a Collection of Speeches, Letters, Journals, etc., relative to the Affairs of Prince Charles Edward Stuart, by Bishop Forbes. 1746-1775. Edited by Henry Paton. Vols. i and n. For the year 1895-1896. 22. The Lyon in Mourning. Vol. m. 23. Itinerary of Prince Charles Edward (Supplement to the Lyon in Mourning). Compiled by W. B. Blaikie. 24. Extracts from the Presbytery Records of Inverness and Dingwall from 1638 to 1688. Edited by William Mackay. 25. Records of the Commissions of the General Assemb- lies (continued), for the years 1648 and 1649. Edited by the Rev. Professor Mitchell, D.D., and Rev. James Christie, D.D. PUBLICATIONS 5 For the year 1896-1897. 26. Wariston’s Diary and other Papers— Johnston of Wariston’s Diary, 1639. Edited by G. M. Paul.—The Honours of Scotland, 1651-52. C. R. A. Howden.—The Earl of Mar’s Legacies, 1722, 1726. Hon. S. Erskine.—Letters by Mrs. Grant of Laggan. J. R. N. Macphail. Presented to the Society by Messrs. T. and A. Constable. 27. Memorials of John Murray of Broughton, 1740-1747. Edited by R. Fitzroy Bell. 28. The Compt Buik of David Wedderburne, Merchant of Dundee, 1587-1630. Edited by A. H. Millar. For the year 1897-1898. 29. 30. The Correspondence of De Montereul and the Brothers De Bellievre, French Ambassadors in England and Scotland, 1645-1648. Edited, with Trans- lation, by J. G. Fotheringham. 2 vols. For the year 1898-1899. 31. Scotland and the Protectorate. Letters and Papers RELATING TO THE MILITARY GOVERNMENT OF SCOTLAND, from January 1654 to June 1659. Edited by C. H. Firth, M.A. 32. Papers illustrating the History of the Scots Brigade in the Service of the United Netherlands. 1572-1782. Edited by James Ferguson. Vol. i, 1572-1697. 33. 34. Macfarlane’s Genealogical Collections con- cerning Families in Scotland ; Manuscripts in the Advocates’ Library. 2 vols. Edited by J. T. Clark, Keeper of the Library. Presented to the Society by the Trustees of the late Sir William Fraser, K.C.B. For the year 1899-1900. 35. Papers on the Scots Brigade in Holland, 1572-1782. Edited by James Ferguson. Vol. n, 1698-1782. 36. Journal of a Foreign Tour in 1665 and 1666, etc., by Sir John Lauder, Lord Fountainhall. Edited by Donald Crawford. 37. Papal Negotiations with Mary Queen of Scots during her Reign in Scotland. Chiefly from the Vatican Archives. Edited by the Rev. J. Hungerford Pollen, S.J. PUBLICATIONS For the year 1900-1901. 38. Papers on the Scots Brigade in Holland, 1572-1782. Edited by James Ferguson. Vol. m. 39. The Diary of Andrew Hay of Craignethan, 1659-60. Edited by A. G. Reid, F.S.A.Scot. For the year 1901-1902. 40. Negotiations for the Union of England and Scotland in 1651-53. Edited by C. Sanford Terry. 41. The Loyall Dissuasive. Written in 1703 by Sir JEneas Macpherson. Edited by the Rev. A. D. Murdoch. For the year 1902-1903. 42. The Chartulary of Lindores, 1195-1479. Edited by the Right Rev. John Dowden, D.D., Bishop of Edinburgh. 43. A Letter from Mary Queen of Scots to the Duke of Guise, Jan. 1562. Reproduced in Facsimile. Edited by the Rev. J. Hungerford Pollen, S.J. Presented to the Society by the family of the late Mr. Scott, of Halkshill. 44. Miscellany of the Scottish History Society. Vol. u. 45. Letters of John Cockburn of Ormistoun to his Gardener, 1727-1743. Edited by James Colville, D.Sc. For the year 1903-1904. 46. Minute Book of the Managers of the New Mills Cloth Manufactory, 1681-1690. Edited by W. R. Scott. 47. Chronicles of the Frasers ; being the Wardlaw Manu- script entitled ‘ Polichronicon seu Policratica Temporum, or, the true Genealogy of the Frasers.’ By Master James Fraser. Edited by William Mackay. 48. Proceedings of the Justiciary Court from 1661 to 1678. Vol. i, 1661-1669. Edited by Sheriff Scott- Moncrieff. For the year 1904-1905. 49. Proceedings of the Justiciary Court from 1661 to 1678. Vol. ii, 1669-1678. Edited by Sheriff Scott- Moncrieff. 50. Records of the Baron Court of Stitchill, 1655-1807. Edited by Clement B. Gunn, M.D., Peebles. 51. Macfarlane’s Geographical Collections. Vol. i. Edited by Sir Arthur Mitchell, K.C.B. PUBLICATIONS 7 For the year 1905-1906. 52, 53. Macfarlane’s Geographical Collections. Vols. n and hi. Edited by Sir Arthur Mitchell, K.C.B. 54. Statuta Ecclesle Scotican^e, 1225-1559. Translated and edited by David Patrick, LL.D. For the year 1906-1907. 55. The House Booke of Accomps, Ochtertyre, 1737-39. Edited by James Colville, D.Sc. 56. The Charters of the Abbey of Inchaffray. Edited by W. A. Lindsay, K.C., the Right Rev. Bishop Dowden, D.D., and J. Maitland Thomson, LL.D. 57. A Selection of the Forfeited Estates Papers PRESERVED IN H.M. GENERAL REGISTER HOUSE AND elsewhere. Edited by A. H. Millar, LL.D. For the year 1907-1908. 58. Records of the Commissions of the General Assemb- lies (continued), for the years 1650-52. Edited by the Rev. James Christie, D.D. 59. Papers relating to the Scots in Poland. Edited by A. Francis Steuart. For the year 1908-1909. 60. Sir Thomas Craig’s De Unione Regnorum Britannle Tractates. Edited, with an English Translation, by C. Sanford Terry. 61. Johnston of Wariston’s Memento Quamdiu Vivas, and Diary from 1632 to 1639. Edited by G. M. Paul, LL.D., D.K.S. Second Series. For the year 1909-1910. 1. The Household Book of Lady Grisell Baillie, 1692- 1733. Edited by R. Scott-Moncrieff, W.S. 2. Origins of the ’45 and other Narratives. Edited by W. B. Blaikie, LL.D. 3. Correspondence of James, fourth Earl of Findlater and first Earl of Seafield, Lord Chancellor of Scotland. Edited by James Grant, M.A., LL.B. 8 PUBLICATIONS For the year 1910-1911. 4. Rentale Sancti Andree ; being Chamberlain and Granitar Accounts of the Archbishopric in the time of Cardinal Betoun, 1538-1546. Translated and edited by Robert Kerr Hannay. 5. Highland Papers. Vol. i. Edited by J. R. N. Macphail, K.C. For the year 1911-1912. 6. Selections from the Records of the Regality of Melrose. Vol. i. Edited by C. S. Romanes, C.A. 7. Records of the Earldom of Orkney. Edited by J. S. Clouston. For the year 1912-1913. 8. Selections from the Records of the Regality of Melrose. Vol. n. Edited by C. S. Romanes, C.A. 9. Selections from the Letter Books of John Steuart, Bailie of Inverness. Edited by William Mackay, LL.D. For the year 1913-1914. 10. Rentals Dunkeldense ; being the Accounts of the Chamberlain of the Bishopric of Dunkeld, a.d. 1506- 1517. Edited by R. K. Hannay. 11. Letters of the Earl of Seafield and Others, illus- trative of the History of Scotland during the Reign of Queen Anne. Edited by Professor Hume Brown. For the year 1914-1915. 12. Highland Papers. Vol. n. Edited by J. R. N. Macphail, K.C. (March 1916.) (Note.—Origins of the ’45, issued for 1909-1910, is issued also for 1914-1915.) For the year 1915-1916. 13. Selections from the Records of the Regality of Melrose. Vol. m. Edited by C. S. Romanes, C.A. (February 1917.) 14. A Contribution to the Bibliography of Scottish Topography. Edited by the late Sir Arthur Mitchell and C. G. Cash. Vol. i. (March 1917.) PUBLICATIONS For the year 1916-1917. 15. Bibliography of Scottish Topography. Vol. 11. (May 1917.) 16. Papers relating to the Army of the Solemn League and Covenant, 1643-1647. Vol. i. Edited by Professor C. Sanford Terry. (October 1917.) For the year 1917-1918. 17. Papers relating to the Army of the Solemn League and Covenant, 1643-1647. Vol. n. (December 1917.) 18. Wariston’s Diary. Vol. n. Edited by D. Hay Fleming, LL.D. (February 1919.) For the year 1918-1919. 19. Miscellany of the Scottish History Society. Vol. m. 20. Highland Papers. Vol. m. Edited by J. R. N. Macphail, K.C. Third Series. For the year 1919-1920. 1. Register of the Consultations of the Ministers of Edinburgh. Vol. i. 1652-1657. Edited by the Rev. W. Stephen, B.D. For the year 1920-1921. 2. Diary of George Ridpath, Minister of Stitchel, 1755- 1761. Edited by Sir James Balfour Paul, C.V.O., LL.D. For the year 1921-1922. 3. The Confessions of Babington and other Papers RELATING TO THE LAST DAYS OF MARY QuEEN OF SCOTS. Edited by the Rev. J. H. Pollen, S.J. For the year 1922-1923. 4. Foreign Correspondence with Marie de Lorraine, Queen of Scotland (Balcarres Papers), 1537-1548. Vol. i. Edited by Marguerite Wood, M.A. 5. Selection from the Papers of the late Sir William Fraser, K.C.B. Edited by J. R. N. Macphail, K.C. Presented to the Society by the Trustees of the late Sir William Fraser, K.C.B. 10 PUBLICATIONS For the year 1923-1924. 6. Papers relating to the Ships and Voyages of the Company of Scotland trading to Africa and the Indies, 1696-1707. Edited by George P. Insh, D.Litt. For the year 1924-1925. 7. Foreign Correspondence with Marie de Lorraine, Queen of Scotland (Balcarres Papers), 1548-1557. Vol. ii. Edited by Marguerite Wood, M.A. For the year 1925-1926. 8. The Early Records of the University of St. Andrews, 1413-1579. Edited by J. Maitland Anderson, LL.D. 9. Miscellany of the Scottish History Society. Vol. iv. Cordara’s Commentary on the Expedition to Scotland made by Charles Edward Stuart, Prince of Wales. Edited by Sir Bruce Seton, C.B.—The Craignish MS. Edited by Herbert Campbell.—Miscellaneous Char- ters, 1165-1300, from transcripts in the Collection of the late Sir William Fraser, K.C.B. Edited by William Angus. For the year 1926-1927. 10. The Scottish Correspondence of Mary of Lorraine, 1543-1560. Edited by Annie I. Cameron, M.A., Ph.D. 11. Journal of Thomas Cuningham, 1640-1654, Conservator at Campvere. Edited by Elinor Joan Courthope, M.A. For the year 1927-1928. 12. The Sheriff Court Book of Fife, 1515-1522. Edited by William Croft Dickinson, M.A., Ph.D. 13. The Prisoners of the ’45. Vol. i. Edited by Sir Bruce Seton, Bart, of Abercorn, C.B., and Mrs. Jean Gordon Arnot. For the year 1928-1929. 14. 15. The Prisoners of the ’45. Vols. n and m. For the year 1929-1930. 16. Register of the Consultations of the Ministers of Edinburgh. Vol. n, 1657-1660. Edited by the Rev. W. Stephen, B.D. 17. The Minutes of the Justices of the Peace for Lanark- shire, 1707-1723. Edited by C. A. Malcolm, M.A., Ph.D. (October 1931.) PUBLICATIONS 11 For the year 1930-1931. 18. The Warrender Papers. Vol. i, 1301-1587. Edited by Annie I. Cameron, M.A., Ph.D., with Introduction by Principal Robert S. Rait, C.B.E., LL.D. For the year 1931-1932. 19. The Warrender Papers. Vol. n, 1587-1603. Edited by Annie I. Cameron, M.A., Ph.D., with Introduction by Principal Robert S. Rait, C.B.E., LL.D. 20. Flodden Papers. Edited by Marguerite Wood, Ph.D. For the year 1932-1933. 21. Miscellany of the Scottish History Society. Vol. v. Fraser Charters. Edited by William Angus.—Bagi- mond’s Roll for the Archdeaconry of Teviotdale. Edited by Annie I. Cameron.—Lauderdale Corres- pondence. Edited by Henry M. Paton.—Letters of Alexander Monro. Edited by William Kirk Dickson. —Jacobite Papers at Avignon. Edited by Henrietta Tayler.—Marchmont Correspondence relating to the ’45. Edited by the Hon. G. F. C. Hepburne-Scott.— Autobiography of Earl Marischal Keith. Edited by J. Y. T. Greig. 22. Highland Papers. Vol. iv. Edited by J. R. N. Macphail, K.C., with Biographical Introduction by William K. Dickson, LL.D. For the year 1933-1934. 23. Calendar of Scottish Supplications to Rome, 1418- 1422. Edited by the Rev. and Hon. E. R. Lindsay, M.A., and Annie I. Cameron, M.A., D.Litt. 24. Early Correspondence of Robert Wodrow. Edited by L. W. Sharp, M.A., Ph.D. (December 1937.) For the year 1934-1935. 25. Warrender Letters. Correspondence of Sir George Warrender, Lord Provost of Edinburgh, 1715. Edited by William K. Dickson, LL.D. 26. Commentary on the Rule of St. Augustine by Robertus Richardinus. Edited by G. G. Coulton, Litt.D., D.Lit., F.B.A. For the year 1935-1936. 27. Survey of Lochtayside, 1769. Edited by Margaret M. McArthur, M.A., LL.B. 28. Ayr Burgh Accounts, 1534-1624. Edited by G. S. Pryde, M.A., Ph.D. 12 PUBLICATIONS For the year 1936-1937. 29. Barony Court Book of Carnwath, 1523-1542. Edited by W. C. Dickinson, D.Lit. 30. Chronicle of Holyrood. Edited by Marjorie Ogilvie Anderson, B.A., with some additional notes by Alan Orr Anderson, LL.D. For the year 1937-1938. 31. The Jacobite Court at Rome, 1719. Edited by Henrietta Tayler. 32. Inchcolm Charters. Edited by Rev. D. E. Easson, B.D., Ph.D., and Angus Macdonald, M.A., Ph.D. For the year 1938-1939. 33. Miscellany of the Scottish History Society. Vol. vi. Bagimond’s Roll. Edited by Annie I. Dunlop, D.Litt.-— Foundation-Charter of the Collegiate Church of Dunbar. Edited by D. E. Easson, Ph.D.—Letters from John, second Earl of Lauderdale, to John, second Earl of Tweeddale, and Others. Edited by Henry M. Paton.—^Memories of Ayrshire about 1780 by the Rev. John Mitchell, D.D. Edited by William Kirk Dickson. 34. Wariston’s Diary. Vol. m. Edited by J. D. Ogilvie. For the year 1939-1940. 35. Miscellany of the Scottish History Society. Vol. vii. Diary of Sir William Drummond of Hawthornden, 1657-1659. Edited by H. W. Meikle, D.Litt.—The Exiled Stewarts in Italy. Edited by Helen C. Stewart.—The Locharkaig Treasure. Edited by Marion F. Hamilton. For the year 1940-1941. 36. Two Missions of Jacques de la Brosse, 1543 and 1560. Edited by G. Dickinson. For the year 1941-1942. 37. Minutes of the Synod of Argyll, 1639-1651. Edited by Duncan C. Mactavish. For the year 1942-1943. 38. Minutes of the Synod of Argyll, 1652-1661. Edited by Duncan C. Mactavish, with Introduction by J. D. Ogilvie. PUBLICATIONS 13 For the year 1943-1944. 39. Monymusk Papers. Edited by Henry Hamilton, D.Litt. For the year 1944-1945. 40. Charters of the Abbey of Coupar Angus. Vol. i. Edited by D. E. Easson, Ph.D. For the year 1945-1946. 41. Charters of the Abbey of Coupar Angus. Vol. n. Edited by D. E. Easson, Ph.D. For the years 1946-1947 and 1947-1948. 42. Accounts of the Collectors of the Thirds of Bene- fices, 1561-1572. Edited by Gordon Donaldson, Ph.D. For the year 1948-1949. 43. Miscellany of the Scottish History Society. Vol. vm. Miscellaneous Monastic Charters. Edited by D. E. Easson, Ph.D.—A Letter of James hi to Charles, Duke of Burgundy. Edited by C. A. J. Armstrong.— The English Army at Flodden. Edited by J. D. Mackie, LL.D.—Lord Chancellor Glamis and Theodore Beza. Edited by Gordon Donaldson, Ph.D.—A Grandson of Prince Charles Edward Stewart. Edited by Henrietta Tayler.—A Renfrewshire Farm, 1822-1830. Edited by G. S. Pryde, Ph.D. For the year 1949-1950. 44. Scottish Population Statistics. Edited by J. G. Kyd. For the year 1950-1951. 45. The Letters of James iv., 1505-1513. Calendared by R. K. Hannay, LL.D. Edited with Biographical Memoir and Introduction by R. L. Mackie assisted by Anne Spilman. For the year 1951-1952. 46. Account of the Proceedings of the Estates in Scot- land, 1689-1690. Vol. i. Edited by E. W. M. Balfour- Melyille, D.Litt. 14 PUBLICATIONS For the year 1952-1953. 47. Account of the Proceedings of the Estates in Scot- land, 1689-1690. Vol. ii. Edited by E. W. M. Balfour- Melville, D.Litt. For the year 1953-1954. 48. Calendar of Scottish Supplications to Rome, 1423- 1428. Edited by Annie I. Dunlop, O.B.E., D.Litt., LL.D. For the year 1954-1955. 49. Early Records of Aberdeen, 1317 and 1398-1407. Edited by William Croft Dickinson, D.Litt., LL.D. For the year 1955-1956. 50. Miscellany of the Scottish History Society. Vol. ix. Papers Relating to the Captivity and Release of David ii. Edited by E. W. M. Balfour-Melville, D.Litt.—Accounts of Sir Duncan Forestar of Skipinch, Comptroller, 1495-1499. Edited by P. Gouldesbrough.— Report by De La Brosse and D’Oysel on Conditions in Scotland, 1559-1560. Edited by G. Dickinson.—Diary of Sir James Hope, 1646. Edited by Peter Marshall.— An Account of Proceedings from Prince Charles’ Landing to Prestonpans. Edited by Donald Nicholas. For the year 1956-1957. 51. Wigtownshire Charters. Edited by R. C. Reid, LL.D. For the year 1957-1958. 52. John Home’s Survey of Assynt. Edited by R. J. Adam. In preparation. 1. Kirkintilloch Burgh Court Book. Edited by G. S. Pryde, Ph.D. 2. Calendar of Scottish Supplications to Rome. Vol. m. Edited by Annie I. Dunlop, O.B.E., D.Litt., LL.D. 3. Correspondence of James ii, King of Scots, with Charles vii, King of France. Edited by Annie I. Dunlop, O.B.E., D.Litt., LL.D.