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APPENDIX 4 NATURE CONSERVATION DESIGNATIONS Page Caithness & Sutherland Peatlands SPA 1 Caithness & Sutherland Peatlands SAC 4 Caithness & Sutherland Peatlands Ramsar 6 Shielton Peatlands SSSI 8 Reisgill Burn SSSI 14 East Caithness Cliffs SPA 18 Caithness Lochs SPA 20 Burn of Latheronwheel SSSI 22 NATURE CONSERVATION DESIGNATIONS APPENDIX 4 SPECIAL PROTECTION AREA (SPA) CITATION THE CAITHNESS & SUTHERLAND PEATLANDS, HIGHLAND (UK9001151) Under European Community Directive 79/409 on the Conservation of Wild Birds “Birds Directive” IMPORTANT NOTE Citations on a number of UK SPA are inaccurate subsequent to the national SPA review published in the “The UK SPA network; its scope and content”. It is intended that these citations will be amended once a formal process has been agreed. The following citation has been identified as requiring amendment following the above review. Please bear this in mind when then using the information, particularly with regard to qualifying species. For an up to date list of qualifying species for this site, please visit the UK SPA Network on the Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) website. NB: THE JNCC LIST IS REPRODUCED BELOW, FOLLOWING THE CITATION Site description : The Caithness & Sutherland Peatlands Special Protection Area (SPA) contains a large proportion of the Caithness and Sutherland peatlands which form the largest and most intact area of blanket bog in Britain. Blanket bog is rare in world terms and Britain has a significant proportion of the total world resource. These peatlands, and the surrounding moorland and open water, are of international importance for conservation because they support a diverse range of rare and unusual breeding birds. The boundary of the SPA generally follows those of 39 peatland Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSIs) in Caithness and Sutherland: A’Mhoine, Bad na Gallaig, Badanloch Bogs, Ben Griams (Ben Griam Beag excluded), Ben Hutig (coastline excluded), Ben Loyal, Blar nam Faoileag, Cnoc an Alaskie, Coir’ an Eoin, Coire na Beinne Mires, Druim na Coibe, Druim nam Bad, Dunbeath Peatlands, East Halladale, Forsinard Bogs, Grudie Peatlands, Knockfin Heights, Loch Caluim Flows, Loch Meadie Peatlands, Lochan Buidhe Mires, Lon a’ Chuil, Mallart, Moss of Killimster, Oliclett, Rumsdale Peatlands, Shielton Peatlands, Skelpick Peatlands, Skinsdale Peatlands, Sletill Peatlands, Strath an Loin, Strath Duchally, Strathmore Peatlands, Strathy Bogs, Stroupster Peatlands, Syre Peatlands, Truderscaig, West Borgie, West Halladale, West Strathnaver. Qualifying interest : The SPA qualifies under Article 4.1 by supporting nationally important populations of eight Annex I species identified by the EC as being of special priority for conservation: red-throated diver (89 pairs, 10% of GB breeding population), black-throated diver (26 pairs, 15% of GB), hen harrier (14 pairs, 2% of GB), golden eagle (5 pairs, 1% of GB), merlin (54 pairs, 4% of GB), golden plover (1064 pairs, 5% of GB), wood sandpiper (1-5 pairs, 10-40% of GB), and short- eared owl (30 pairs, 2% of GB). The SPA also qualifies under Article 4.2 by supporting an internationally important population of dunlin (1,860 pairs, 20% of GB and 18% of temperate schinzii race). Non-qualifying interest : The internationally important assemblage of peatland breeding birds also includes an internationally important breeding population of North Scottish greylag geese and nationally important breeding populations of wigeon, teal, common scoter, curlew, greenshank and arctic skua; and sporadic breeding attempts by scaup. Area: 145,517 ha; Central grid reference: NC 9043; Central Latitude & Longitude: 58°20’N, 4° W; OS 1:50,000 sheets - 7,9,10,11,12,15,16,17 1 NATURE CONSERVATION DESIGNATIONS APPENDIX 4 Caithness and Sutherland Peatlands SPA Qualifying Species (from JNCC website) (information as published 2001) Qualifying species This site qualifies under Article 4.1 of the Directive (79/409/EEC) by supporting populations of European importance of the following species listed on Annex I of the Directive: During the breeding season; Black-throated Diver Gavia arctica , 26 pairs representing at least 16.3% of the breeding population in Great Britain (11 year mean, 1986-1996) Golden Eagle Aquila chrysaetos , 5 pairs representing at least 1.3% of the breeding population in Great Britain (Count, as at 1992) Golden Plover Pluvialis apricaria , 1,064 pairs representing at least 4.7% of the breeding population in Great Britain (Count, as at mid-1990s) Hen Harrier Circus cyaneus , 14 pairs representing at least 2.8% of the breeding population in Great Britain (5 year mean, 1993-1997) Merlin Falco columbarius , 54 pairs representing at least 4.2% of the breeding population in Great Britain (Count, as at early 1990s) Red-throated Diver Gavia stellata , 89 pairs representing at least 9.5% of the breeding population in Great Britain (Two year mean, 1993-1994) Short-eared Owl Asio flammeus , 30 pairs representing at least 3.0% of the breeding population in Great Britain (Count, as at mid-1990s) Wood Sandpiper Tringa glareola , 5 pairs representing up to 50.0% of the breeding population in Great Britain (Two year mean, 1994-1995) This site also qualifies under Article 4.2 of the Directive (79/409/EEC) by supporting populations of European importance of the following migratory species: During the breeding season; Common Scoter Melanitta nigra , 27 pairs representing <0.1% of the breeding Western Siberia/Western & Northern Europe/Northwestern Africa population (1996) Dunlin Calidris alpina schinzii , 1,860 pairs representing at least 16.9% of the breeding Baltic/UK/Ireland population (Count, as at 1994) Greenshank Tringa nebularia , 256 pairs representing at least 0.4% of the breeding Europe/Western Africa population (1994/95) Wigeon Anas penelope , 43 pairs representing <0.1% of the breeding Western Siberia/Northwestern/Northeastern Europe population (1994) 2 NATURE CONSERVATION DESIGNATIONS APPENDIX 4 Conservation Objectives for Caithness and Sutherland Peatlands Special Protection Area To avoid deterioration of the habitats of the qualifying species (listed below) or significant disturbance to the qualifying species, thus ensuring that the integrity of the site is maintained; and To ensure for the qualifying species that the following are maintained in the long term: Population of the species as a viable component of the site Distribution of the species within site Distribution and extent of habitats supporting the species Structure, function and supporting processes of habitats supporting the species No significant disturbance of the species Qualifying Species: Black-throated diver ( Gavia arctica ) Common scoter ( Melanitta nigra ) Dunlin ( Calidris alpina schinzii ) Golden eagle ( Aquila chrysaetos ) Golden plover ( Pluvialis apricaria ) Greenshank ( Tringa nebularia ) Hen harrier ( Circus cyaneus ) Merlin ( Falco columbarius ) Red-throated diver ( Gavia stellata ) Short-eared owl ( Asio flammeus ) Wigeon ( Anas penelope ) Wood sandpiper ( Tringa glareola ) The site overlaps with Caithness and Sutherland Peatlands Special Area of Conservation, River Naver Special Area of Conservation and River Thurso Special Area of Conservation 3 NATURE CONSERVATION DESIGNATIONS APPENDIX 4 CAITHNESS AND SUTHERLAND PEATLANDS SPECIAL AREA OF CONSERVATION (SAC) Designation date: 17 March 2005 Administrative area: Highland Qualifying Interests for which the site is designated: SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME Blanket bogs* Blanket bog Depressions on peat substrates of the Depressions on peat substrates Rhynchosporion Lutra lutra Otter Natural dystrophic lakes and ponds Acid peat-stained lakes and ponds Northern Atlantic wet heaths with Erica Wet heathland with cross-leaved heath tetralix Oligotrophic to mesotrophic standing waters Clear-water lakes or lochs with aquatic with vegetation of the Littorelletea uniflorae vegetation and poor to moderate nutrient and/or of the Isoëto -Nanojuncetea levels Saxifraga hirculus Marsh saxifrage Transition mires and quaking bogs Very wet mires often identified by an unstable `quaking` surface * Indicates a priority habitat 4 NATURE CONSERVATION DESIGNATIONS APPENDIX 4 Conservation Objectives for Caithness and Sutherland Peatlands Special Area of Conservation To avoid deterioration of the qualifying habitats (listed below) thus ensuring that the integrity of the site is maintained and the site makes an appropriate contribution to achieving favourable conservation status for each of the qualifying features; and To ensure for the qualifying habitats that the following are maintained in the long term: Extent of the habitat on site Distribution of the habitat within site Structure and function of the habitat Processes supporting the habitat Distribution of typical species of the habitat Viability of typical species as components of the habitat No significant disturbance of typical species of the habitat Qualifying Habitats: • Acid peat-stained lakes and ponds • Blanket bog* • Clear-water lakes or lochs with aquatic vegetation and poor to moderate nutrient levels • Depressions on peat substrates • Very wet mires often identified by an unstable ‘quaking’ surface • Wet heathland with cross-leaved heath * Indicates priority habitat To avoid deterioration of the habitats of the qualifying species (listed below) or significant disturbance to the qualifying species, thus ensuring that the integrity of the site is maintained and the site makes an appropriate contribution to achieving favourable