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United Kingdom, the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man

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United Kingdom, the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man Important Bird Areas in Europe – United Kingdom, the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man ■ UNITED KINGDOM, THE CHANNEL ISLANDS AND THE ISLE OF MAN IAN FISHER, DAVID GIBBONS, GUY THOMPSON AND DAVE PRITCHARD Breeding colony of Guillemot Uria aalge and Kittiwake Rissa tridactyla on the Farne Islands (IBA 023). (PHOTO: PAUL GORIUP) ■ THE UNITED KINGDOM GENERAL INTRODUCTION given the differences in selection criteria. Though IBA boundaries are often the same as SPA or Ramsar Site boundaries (where relevant), The United Kingdom comprises Great Britain (England, Scotland this is not always the case. Many of the 61 sites added since the 1992 and Wales) and Northern Ireland, covering over 244,000 km2. It is inventory qualify because they hold important populations of species a densely populated and industrialized country, with diverse of European conservation concern. Since some of these species are landscapes, over 85% of which are used for agriculture or forestry. not yet identified in legislation for special protection, the Maritime influences are important, and the climate is warmer and corresponding sites may have no designation status at all. wetter than at the same latitudes in central or eastern Europe. Separate overviews are presented for the Channel Islands (p. 815) The United Kingdom has 287 Important Bird Areas (IBAs) which and for the Isle of Man (p. 817); data for these sites are not included cover more than 31,000 km2, representing over 12% of its surface within this UK overview text or the accompanying tables and figures. area (Table 1, Map 1). Of these, 80 are in England (covering over 9,000 km2), 17 are in Northern Ireland (over 1,900 km2), 173 are in Scotland (over 18,000 km2) and 17 are in Wales (over 2,000 km2). ORNITHOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE The 1989 inventory of IBAs in Europe (Grimmett and Jones 1989) identified 261 IBAs in the United Kingdom. Of these, 239 One hundred and two species of European conservation concern are represented here, some with boundary amendments and many (SPECs) regularly breed in the UK (Tucker and Heath 1994). Among as combined sites (for details see Table 1). Seventy-six IBAs have these, Crex crex is globally threatened, Haliaeetus albicilla is near- been newly identified since the 1989 inventory. threatened and Loxia scotica is endemic. Fifty of these SPECs have In 1992, an IBA inventory covering the UK, Channel Islands an unfavourable conservation status in Europe. Seven species classed and Isle of Man was published (Pritchard et al. 1992), a joint as SPECs on the basis of their winter populations occur during winter publication between the RSPB, the Joint Nature Conservation or on passage in the UK, and four of these have an unfavourable Committee and the Statutory Conservation Agencies: the conservation status in Europe. Countryside Council for Wales, English Nature and Scottish Natural Table 1 and Map 1 present the criteria by which each IBA qualifies. Heritage. The IBAs corresponded with the list of designated and A total of 147 IBAs in the UK qualify under one or more ‘A’ criteria; proposed Special Protection Areas and Ramsar Sites as published a further 82 qualify under B (but not A) criteria. Twenty-one sites in Hansard (17 July 1991 columns 203–208 and 219–224 and 18 July qualify because they contain important populations of a species of 1991 columns 256–257). This latest review is based on the 1992 global conservation concern (Table 2). inventory (itself based on that of 1989), with 232 of the 239 UK sites A high proportion of UK IBAs are important for wintering and in the 1992 inventory represented here in some way, either as passage waterbirds (Table 3). One hundred and forty-nine sites identical, merged, amended or split sites. Despite this, the IBAs regularly support over 20,000 wintering or passage waterbirds or documented here differ somewhat from the 1992 inventory, with more than 1% of the biogeographic or flyway population of a IBAs defined on their ornithological interest, irrespective of waterbird species (i.e. meeting criteria A4i, A4iii or B1i). The five (proposed) designation status (Table 1). This divergence is inevitable most important sites are The Wash (077), Ribble and Alt estuaries 715 Important Bird Areas in Europe – United Kingdom, the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man Map 1. Location, area and criteria category of Important Bird Areas in the United Kingdom. 159 110 128 228 160 215 141 0 150 300 206 km 222 220 149 262 240 245 208 267 219 253 194 235 223 140 217 214 249 138 131 265 132 177 243 ATLANTIC 216 252 234 OCEAN 197 250 193 105 163 199 119 124 188 134 136 248 241 170 257 226 264 158 116 115 251 225 145 103 224 186 187 211 227 166 207 238 242 195 182 259 233 NORTH 107 181 SEA 218 129 109 190 255 202 185 176 112 212 183 156 125 111 127 270 263 121 102 98 122 209 167 168 247 154 180 118 155 189 231 266 260 203 150 114 146 232 126 106 200 236 192 204 Highest category of 104 113 108 130 criteria met by IBA 178 147 143 A (147 IBAs) 256 254 179 133 B (82 IBAs) 258 246 175 117 C (58 IBAs) 198 123 144 173 137 142 165 148 Area of IBA (ha) 172 237 7,430 to 233,300 164 153 139 230 157 37 1,926 to 7,429 171 268 169 161 23 352 to 1,925 100 205 135 221 152 244 213 162 30 1 to 351 229 50 196 99 284 210 15 283 151 239 120 174 278 277 184 272 273 101 261 48 286 269 282 191 201 71 279 281 280 80 287 271 ISLE 18 49 275 276 OF 36 24 285 MAN 25 274 38 44 62 31 32 IRISH SEA 57 97 39 96 91 86 75 34 REPUBLIC 89 41 53 OF IRELAND 81 77 47 11 88 58 45 27 85 9 10 51 43 6 87 83 16 67 66 92 2 76 1 29 82 35 90 93 42 94 84 7 95 63 73 68 13 72 59 40 74 55 65 22 60 78 4 19 70 46 56 5 14 3 21 20 26 12 52 8 28 54 ATLANTIC 17 64 OCEAN 69 FRANCE 79 ENGLISH CHANNEL 61 33 716 Important Bird Areas in Europe – United Kingdom, the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man Table 1. Summary of Important Bird Areas in the United Kingdom. 287 IBAs covering 31,241 km2 IBA National 1989 code code code International/National name Administrative region Area (ha) Criteria (see p. 11) 001 914A GB175 Abberton reservoir South East 726 A4iii, B1i, C3, C4, C6 002 911A GB172 Alde/Ore estuary East Anglia 2,416 A4i, A4iii, B1i, B2, B3, C2, C3, C4, C6 003 1216A GB201 Arun valley South East 1,373 A4iii, C4, C6 004 — — Ashdown forest South East 3,207 C6 005 1109A GB192 Avon valley South East, South West 1,385 A4i, B1i, B2, C2, C3, C6 006 — — Benacre to Easton Bavents East Anglia 516 C6 007 917A GB179 Benfleet and Southend marshes South East 2,750 A4i, A4iii, B1i, B2, C3, C4 008 1014B GB182 Bodmin Moor South West 7,996 B1i, B2, C2, C6 009e 920A GB170 Breckland heaths and Thetford forest East Anglia 26,419 B2, C6 010p 925A — Breydon Water East Anglia 515 A4i, A4iii, B1i, B2, C2, C4, C6 011p 925A GB166–169 Broadland East Anglia 5,485 B1i, B2, C3, C6 012 1009A GB187 Chesil Beach and The Fleet South West 1,000 B1i, B2, C3, C6 013 1004A GB186 Chew valley lake South West 570 B1i, C3 014 1101A GB196 Chichester and Langstone Harbours South East 5,970 A4i, A4iii, B1i, B2, C2, C3, C4, C6 015 603A GB145 Coquet Island North 22 A4i, A4iii, B1i, B1ii, B2, C2, C3, C4, C6 016 926A — Deben estuary East Anglia 981 C6 017p 1010A GB188, GB189 Dorset heaths and forests South West 10,288 B2, C6 018 503A GB134 Duddon estuary North 5,120 A4iii, B1i, B2, C3, C4, C6 019 1209A GB204 Dungeness to Pett Levels South East 9,080 A4i, A4iii, B1i, B2, C2, C3, C4, C6 020 1012A — East Devon heaths South West 1,370 C6 021 1008A GB183 Exe estuary South West 2,180 A4iii, B2, C4, C6 022 — — Exmoor coast and heaths South West 24,300 B2, B3, C6 023 602A GB143 Farne Islands North 101 A4i, A4iii, B1i, B1ii, B2, B3, C2, C3, C4, C6 024 610A GB155 Flamborough Head and Bempton cliffs Yorkshire and Humberside 315 A4i, A4ii, A4iii, B1i, B1ii, B2, B3, C3, C4 025 515A GB138 Forest of Bowland North West 80,300 A4i, A4iii, B1i, B2, B3, C3, C4, C6 026 — — Frome flood-plain South West 2,700 B2, C6 027 927A — Great Yarmouth North Denes East Anglia 146 B1i, B2, C2, C6 028 — — Haldon South West 2,910 C6 029 913A GB174 Hamford Water South East 2,143 A4i, A4iii, B1i, B2, C3, C4, C6 030 604A GB146 Holburn Lake and Moss North 28 B1i, C3 031 617A GB156 Hornsea Mere Yorkshire and Humberside 230 A4i, B1i, C3, C6 032 611A GB157, G237 Humber flats, marshes and coast Yorkshire and Humberside, 16,490 A4i, A4iii, B1i, B2, C2, C3, C4, C6 East Midlands 033 1006A GB180 Isles of Scilly coastal habitats South West 926 A4i, B1i, B2, B3, C2, C3, C6 034 — — Laughton forest East Midlands 1,170 C6 035 1211A GB197 Lea valley South East 2,550 B1i, C3, C6 036 509A GB137 Leighton Moss North West 128 C6 037 601A GB142 Lindisfarne North 3,679 A4i, A4iii, B1i, B2, C2, C3, C4, C6 038 609A GB154 Lower Derwent valley Yorkshire and Humberside 915 A4iii, B1i, B2, C3, C4, C6 039 511A GB140 Martin Mere North West 120 A4i, A4iii, B1i, B2, B3, C2, C3, C4, C6 040 1203A GB207 Medway estuary and marshes South East 6,840 A4i, A4iii, B1i, B2, C3, C4, C6 041 513A GB158 Mersey estuary North West 7,274 A4i, A4iii, B1i, B2, C3, C4, C6 042 924A GB176–178 Mid-Essex coast South East 22,817 A4i, A4iii, B1i, B2, C2, C3, C4, C6 043 910A GB171 Minsmere–Walberswick East Anglia 2,190 B3, C6 044 508A GB135 Morecambe Bay North, North West 41,970 A4i, A4iii, B1i, B2, B3, C2, C3, C4, C6 045 803A GB162 Nene Washes East Anglia 1,310 A4i, A4iii, B1i, B2, C2, C3, C4, C6 046 1103A GB193 The New Forest South East 41,410 B2, C6 047 903A GB165 North Norfolk coast East Anglia 7,700 A4i, A4iii, B1i, B2, B3, C2, C3, C4, C6 048 627A GB147–150 North Pennine moors North 136,547 B1i, B2, B3, C2, C3, C6 049 616A GB152 North Yorkshire moors North,
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