XI. Notices Respecting New Books
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Popular Astronomy Lectures in Nineteenth Century Britain
Commercial and Sublime: Popular Astronomy Lectures in Nineteenth Century Britain Hsiang-Fu Huang UCL Department of Science and Technology Studies Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in History and Philosophy of Science March 2015 2 I, Hsiang-Fu Huang, confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis. Date of signature: 9th March 2015 Supervisors: Joe Cain (UCL) Simon Werrett (UCL) Examiners: Frank A. J. L. James (UCL / Royal Institution of Great Britain) Richard Bellon (Michigan State University) Date of examination: 16th December 2014 3 4 Abstract This thesis discusses the practitioners, sites, curriculums, apparatus and audiences of popular astronomy lecturing in nineteenth-century Britain. Lecturers who were active approximately between 1820 and 1860 are the focus. This thesis emphasises popularisers who were not scientific elites, including C. H. Adams (1803-1871), George Bartley (c. 1782-1858), and D. F. Walker (1778-1865). Activities of private popularisers are compared with those in scientific establishments, such as the Royal Institution. Private entrepreneurs were not inferior to institutional competitors and enjoyed popularity among audiences. Until the 1860s, popular astronomy lecturing was a shared arena of institutional and private popularisers. A theatrical turn occurred in the popular astronomy lecturing trade before 1820. Popularisers moved lectures into theatres and adopted theatrical facilities in performance. They developed large onstage devices, such as the transparent orrery, for achieving scenic and dramatic effects. These onstage astronomical lectures were a phenomenon in the early nineteenth century and were usually performed during Lent. -
Bull. Hist. Chem. 11
Bull. is. Cem. 11 ( 79 In consequence of this decision, many of the references in the index to volumes 1-20, 1816-26, of the Quarterly Journal of interleaved copy bear no correspondence to anything in the text Science and the Arts, published in 1826, in the possession of of the revised editions, the Royal Institution, has added in manuscript on its title-page Yet Faraday continued to add references between the dates "Made by M. Faraday", Since the cumulative index was of the second and third editions, that is, between 1830 and largely drawn from the separate indexes of each volume, it is 1842, One of these is in Section XIX, "Bending, Bowing and likely that the recurrent task of making those was also under- Cutting of Glass", which begins on page 522. It is listed as taken by Faraday. If such were indeed the case, he would have "Grinding of Glass" and refers to Silliman's Journal, XVII, had considerable experience in that kind of harmless drudgery, page 345, The reference is to a paper by Elisha Mitchell, dating from the days when his position at the Royal Institution Professor of Chemistry, Mineralogy, &c. at the University of was still that of an assistant to William Brande. Carolina, entitled "On a Substitute for WeIdler's Tube of Safety, with Notices of Other Subjects" (11). This paper is frn nd t interesting as it contains a reference to Chemical Manipulation and a practical suggestion on how to cut glass with a hot iron . M. aaay, Chl Mnpltn n Intrtn t (11): Stdnt n Chtr, n th Mthd f rfrn Exprnt f ntrtn r f rh, th Ar nd S, iis, M. -
Global Lithium Sources—Industrial Use and Future in the Electric Vehicle Industry: a Review
resources Review Global Lithium Sources—Industrial Use and Future in the Electric Vehicle Industry: A Review Laurence Kavanagh * , Jerome Keohane, Guiomar Garcia Cabellos, Andrew Lloyd and John Cleary EnviroCORE, Department of Science and Health, Institute of Technology Carlow, Kilkenny, Road, Co., R93-V960 Carlow, Ireland; [email protected] (J.K.); [email protected] (G.G.C.); [email protected] (A.L.); [email protected] (J.C.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 28 July 2018; Accepted: 11 September 2018; Published: 17 September 2018 Abstract: Lithium is a key component in green energy storage technologies and is rapidly becoming a metal of crucial importance to the European Union. The different industrial uses of lithium are discussed in this review along with a compilation of the locations of the main geological sources of lithium. An emphasis is placed on lithium’s use in lithium ion batteries and their use in the electric vehicle industry. The electric vehicle market is driving new demand for lithium resources. The expected scale-up in this sector will put pressure on current lithium supplies. The European Union has a burgeoning demand for lithium and is the second largest consumer of lithium resources. Currently, only 1–2% of worldwide lithium is produced in the European Union (Portugal). There are several lithium mineralisations scattered across Europe, the majority of which are currently undergoing mining feasibility studies. The increasing cost of lithium is driving a new global mining boom and should see many of Europe’s mineralisation’s becoming economic. The information given in this paper is a source of contextual information that can be used to support the European Union’s drive towards a low carbon economy and to develop the field of research. -
Rulers of Opinion Women at the Royal Institution of Great Britain, 1799
Rulers of Opinion Women at the Royal Institution of Great Britain, 1799-1812 Harriet Olivia Lloyd UCL Submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History of Science 2018 1 I, Harriet Olivia Lloyd, confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis. 2 Abstract This thesis examines the role of women at the Royal Institution of Great Britain in its first decade and contributes to the field by writing more women into the history of science. Using the method of prosopography, 844 women have been identified as subscribers to the Royal Institution from its founding on 7 March 1799, until 10 April 1812, the date of the last lecture given by the chemist Humphry Davy (1778- 1829). Evidence suggests that around half of Davy’s audience at the Royal Institution were women from the upper and middle classes. This female audience was gathered by the Royal Institution’s distinguished patronesses, who included Mary Mee, Viscountess Palmerston (1752-1805) and the chemist Elizabeth Anne, Lady Hippisley (1762/3-1843). A further original contribution of this thesis is to explain why women subscribed to the Royal Institution from the audience perspective. First, Linda Colley’s concept of the “service élite” is used to explain why an institution that aimed to apply science to the “common purposes of life” appealed to fashionable women like the distinguished patronesses. These women were “rulers of opinion,” women who could influence their peers and transform the image of a degenerate ruling class to that of an élite that served the nation. -
Complete List of CHRISTMAS LECTURES
Complete list of CHRISTMAS LECTURES Year Lecturer Title of the lecture series 1825 John Millington ‘Natural philosophy’ 1826 J Wallis ‘Astronomy’ 1827 Michael Faraday ‘Chemistry’ 1828 J Wood ‘Architecture’ 1829 Michael Faraday ‘Electricity’ 1830 Thomas Webster ‘Geology’ 1831 James Rennie ‘Zoology’ 1832 Michael Faraday ‘Chemistry’ 1833 John Lindley ‘Botany’ 1834 William Thomas Brande ‘Chemistry’ 1835 Michael Faraday ‘Electricity’ 1836 William Thomas Brande ‘Chemistry of the gases’ 1837 Michael Faraday ‘Chemistry’ 1838 J Wallis ‘Astronomy’ 1839 William Thomas Brande ‘The Chemistry of the atmosphere and the ocean’ 1840 John Frederic Daniell ‘The first principles of franklinic electricity’ 1841 Michael Faraday ‘The rudiments of chemistry’ 1842 William Thomas Brande ‘The chemistry of the non–metallic elements’ 1843 Michael Faraday ‘First principles of electricity’ 1844 William Thomas Brande ‘The chemistry of the gases’ 1845 Michael Faraday ‘The rudiments of chemistry’ 1846 J Wallis ‘The rudiments of astronomy’ 1847 William Thomas Brande ‘The elements of organic chemistry’ 1848 Michael Faraday ‘The chemical history of a candle’ 1849 Robert Walker ‘The properties of matter and the laws of motion’ 1850 William Thomas Brande ‘The chemistry of coal’ 1851 Michael Faraday ‘Attractive forces’ 1852 Michael Faraday ‘Chemistry’ 1853 Michael Faraday ‘Voltaic electricity’ 1854 Michael Faraday ‘The chemistry of combustion’ 1855 Michael Faraday ‘The distinctive properties of the common metals’ 1856 Michael Faraday ‘Attractive forces’ 1857 Michael Faraday -
the Papers Philosophical Transactions
ABSTRACTS / OF THE PAPERS PRINTED IN THE PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON, From 1800 to1830 inclusive. VOL. I. 1800 to 1814. PRINTED, BY ORDER OF THE PRESIDENT AND COUNCIL, From the Journal Book of the Society. LONDON: PRINTED BY RICHARD TAYLOR, RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET. CONTENTS. VOL. I 1800. The Croonian Lecture. On the Structure and Uses of the Meinbrana Tympani of the Ear. By Everard Home, Esq. F.R.S. ................page 1 On the Method of determining, from the real Probabilities of Life, the Values of Contingent Reversions in which three Lives are involved in the Survivorship. By William Morgan, Esq. F.R.S.................... 4 Abstract of a Register of the Barometer, Thermometer, and Rain, at Lyndon, in Rutland, for the year 1798. By Thomas Barker, Esq.... 5 n the Power of penetrating into Space by Telescopes; with a com parative Determination of the Extent of that Power in natural Vision, and in Telescopes of various Sizes and Constructions ; illustrated by select Observations. By William Herschel, LL.D. F.R.S......... 5 A second Appendix to the improved Solution of a Problem in physical Astronomy, inserted in the Philosophical Transactions for the Year 1798, containing some further Remarks, and improved Formulae for computing the Coefficients A and B ; by which the arithmetical Work is considerably shortened and facilitated. By the Rev. John Hellins, B.D. F.R.S. .......................................... .................................. 7 Account of a Peculiarity in the Distribution of the Arteries sent to the ‘ Limbs of slow-moving Animals; together with some other similar Facts. In a Letter from Mr. -
Lithium 200 Years Fathi Habashi
Laval University From the SelectedWorks of Fathi Habashi September, 2017 Lithium 200 years Fathi Habashi Available at: https://works.bepress.com/fathi_habashi/242/ METALL-RUBMETALL-HISTORIKRISCH statesman. He was greatly honoured (Fig- Two Hundred Years Lithium ure 3). Discovery of Lithium Habashi, F. (1) When the French chemist Vauquelin ana- In 1800, Jozé Bonifacio de Andrade e Silva (1763-1838) a Brazilian scientist was lyzed spodumene in 1801 he showed a loss sent on a journey through Europe to study chemistry, mineralogy, and metallurgy. of 9.5% which he could not account for. In He was appointed as the first professor of metallurgy at the University of Coimbra 1817, the Swedish chemist Johan August in Portugal. Arfwedson (1792-1841) (Figure 4) while hile in Scandinavia he reported that he had discovered an infusible, laminated mineral from Wthe iron mine in Udö Island near Stock- holm which he called “petalite” (Figure 1) from Greek, leaf, alluding to its cleavage and another which he called “spodumene” (Figure 2) from a Greek word meaning ash colored. Fig. 4: Johan August Arfwedson (1792- 1841) working in Berzelius’ laboratory in Stock- holm analyzed petalite and spodumene and reported the presence of a new alkali Fig. 1: Petalite, LiAlSi4O10 or metal which he called “lithium” to indi- . Li2O Al2O3 8SiO2 cate that the metal was discovered in the mineral kingdom whereas the other alkali After returning to Brazil in 1819 he was metals were found in the vegetable king- appointed Minister of State and was dom. Both minerals are now known to instrumental in the independence of be lithium aluminum silicates. -
Weather Instruments All at Sea: Meteorology and the Royal Navy in the Nineteenth Century
n Naylor, S. (2015) Weather instruments all at sea: meteorology and the Royal Navy in the nineteenth century. In: MacDonald, F. and Withers, C. W.J. (eds.) Geography, Technology and Instruments of Exploration. Series: Studies in historical geography. Routledge: Farnham, pp. 77-96. ISBN 9781472434258. There may be differences between this version and the published version. You are advised to consult the publisher’s version if you wish to cite from it. http://eprints.gla.ac.uk/113110/ Deposited on: 26 February 2016 Enlighten – Research publications by members of the University of Glasgow http://eprints.gla.ac.uk Chapter 5 Weather instruments all at sea: Meteorology and the Royal Navy in the nineteenth century Simon Naylor Over the last two decades historians and geographers of science have paid increasing attention to science in the field. For one, ‘fieldwork has become the ideal type of knowledge’, so much so that much work in science studies asks not ‘about temporal priorities but about spatial coordination’.1 This agenda has been pursued empirically through study of European exploration in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. One of the key problematics for historians and geographers has been how, exactly, science collaborated with state actors to extend European nations’ ‘spatial grip’. There have been three common empirical responses to this question: through the deployment of physical observatories; through fieldwork; and by means of ships. Studies of observatories – on mountains, on the edge of oceans, in the polar regions – are many, as are studies of the ephemeral fieldsite.2 The ship has been seen to embody both of these types of scientific space. -
Michael Faraday, Chemist
CHEMISTRY CHRONICLES Michael Faraday, Chemist This icon of modern physics was, in reality, a chemist by training and profession. Richard A. Pizzi any of the great pioneers of members of a Protestant Christian sect George Ribeau. He had previously run modern science in the 18th and called the Sandemanians. Originally estab- errands for Ribeau to help with the fami- M19th centuries have compelling lished in the early 18th century as dissenters ly finances, but by 1805 the family’s personal stories. Some toiled in obscurity, from the Church of Scotland, the Sande- economic situation demanded that Fara- while others were the toast of fashionable day work regularly. The apprenticeship society. The life of the famous English lasted for seven years, and while he learned scientist Michael Faraday is particularly the trade of bookbinding, Faraday also interesting, however, as he crossed many began his self-education in science. He different social and economic borders in read the scientific entries in the Encyclo- his career. He knew poverty and isolation pedia Britannica and perused many of as well as fame, and he gained respect in the texts that he bound in the shop. He elite social and scientific circles while was also particularly taken with Jean simultaneously maintaining membership Marcet’s book Conversations on Chemistry, in a small, often disdained religious sect. which inspired him to perform rudimen- The man who would plumb the very tary experiments and build his own elec- nature of electricity was one of the most trostatic machine. enigmatic of the world’s great scientists. Dealing with Davy Founding Faraday In 1810, Faraday joined the City Philo- Faraday was born on September 22, 1791, sophical Society, a group of men and in the village of Newington Butts, which women who met weekly to hear scientif- is now part of London. -
William Barton Rogers and the Idea of MIT Angulo, A
William Barton Rogers and the Idea of MIT Angulo, A. J. Published by Johns Hopkins University Press Angulo, A. J. William Barton Rogers and the Idea of MIT. Johns Hopkins University Press, 2009. Project MUSE. doi:10.1353/book.3467. https://muse.jhu.edu/. For additional information about this book https://muse.jhu.edu/book/3467 [ Access provided at 1 Oct 2021 01:19 GMT with no institutional affiliation ] This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. William Barton Rogers and the Idea of MIT This page intentionally left blank and the Idea of MIT A. J. ANGULO The Johns Hopkins University Press Baltimore © The Johns Hopkins University Press All rights reserved. Published Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper The Johns Hopkins University Press North Charles Street Baltimore, Maryland - www.press.jhu.edu Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Angulo, A. J. William Barton Rogers and the idea of MIT / A. J. Angulo. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-: ---- (hbk. : alk. paper) ISBN-: --- (hbk. : alk. paper) . Rogers, William Barton, –. Massachusetts Institute of Technology—History. Massachusetts Institute of Technology— Presidents—Biography. College presidents—Massachusetts—Biography. Science—Study and teaching (Higher)—United States—History. Engineering—Study and teaching—United States—History. I. Title. T.MR .—dc A catalog record for this book is available from the British Library. The MIT seal that appears on page is used with permission. Special discounts are available for bulk purchases of this book. For more information, please contact Special Sales at -- or [email protected]. -
Biographical Index of Former RSE Fellows 1783-2002
FORMER RSE FELLOWS 1783- 2002 SIR CHARLES ADAM OF BARNS 06/10/1780- JOHN JACOB. ABEL 19/05/1857- 26/05/1938 16/09/1853 Place of Birth: Cleveland, Ohio, USA. Date of Election: 05/04/1824. Date of Election: 03/07/1933. Profession: Royal Navy. Profession: Pharmacologist, Endocrinologist. Notes: Date of election: 1820 also reported in RSE Fellow Type: HF lists JOHN ABERCROMBIE 12/10/1780- 14/11/1844 Fellow Type: OF Place of Birth: Aberdeen. ROBERT ADAM 03/07/1728- 03/03/1792 Date of Election: 07/02/1831. Place of Birth: Kirkcaldy, Fife.. Profession: Physician, Author. Date of Election: 28/01/1788. Fellow Type: OF Profession: Architect. ALEXANDER ABERCROMBY, LORD ABERCROMBY Fellow Type: OF 15/10/1745- 17/11/1795 WILLIAM ADAM OF BLAIR ADAM 02/08/1751- Place of Birth: Clackmannanshire. 17/02/1839 Date of Election: 17/11/1783. Place of Birth: Kinross-shire. Profession: Advocate. Date of Election: 22/01/1816. Fellow Type: OF Profession: Advocate, Barrister, Politician. JAMES ABERCROMBY, BARON DUNFERMLINE Fellow Type: OF 07/11/1776- 17/04/1858 JOHN GEORGE ADAMI 12/01/1862- 29/08/1926 Date of Election: 07/02/1831. Place of Birth: Ashton-on-Mersey, Lancashire. Profession: Physician,Statesman. Date of Election: 17/01/1898. Fellow Type: OF Profession: Pathologist. JOHN ABERCROMBY, BARON ABERCROMBY Fellow Type: OF 15/01/1841- 07/10/1924 ARCHIBALD CAMPBELL ADAMS Date of Election: 07/02/1898. Date of Election: 19/12/1910. Profession: Philologist, Antiquary, Folklorist. Profession: Consulting Engineer. Fellow Type: OF Notes: Died 1918-19 RALPH ABERCROMBY, BARON DUNFERMLINE Fellow Type: OF 06/04/1803- 02/07/1868 JOHN COUCH ADAMS 05/06/1819- 21/01/1892 Date of Election: 19/01/1863. -
Morbid Concretions and the Chemistry of Early Nineteenth Century Medicine Edward Allen Driggers Jr
University of South Carolina Scholar Commons Theses and Dissertations 2015 Boundary Stones: Morbid Concretions and the Chemistry of Early Nineteenth Century Medicine Edward Allen Driggers Jr. University of South Carolina Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/etd Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Driggers, E. A.(2015). Boundary Stones: Morbid Concretions and the Chemistry of Early Nineteenth Century Medicine. (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/etd/3646 This Open Access Dissertation is brought to you by Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Boundary Stones: Morbid Concretions and the Chemistry of Early Nineteenth Century Medicine By Edward Allen Driggers, Jr. Bachelor of Arts North Carolina State University, 2008 Master of Arts University of South Carolina, 2010 Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History College of Arts and Sciences University of South Carolina 2015 Accepted by: Ann Johnson, Major Professor Joseph November, Committee Member Allison Marsh, Committee Member Christopher Hamlin, Committee Member Lacy Ford, Senior Vice Provost and Dean of Graduate Studies © Copyright by Edward Allen Driggers, Jr., 2015 All Rights Reserved. ii DEDICATION This dissertation is dedicated to my daughter, Mildred Penelope Driggers, who I joyfully awaited while writing this dissertation. I want this dissertation to be first and foremost a testament to my wife’s unwavering and dedicated support. She believed in me every moment of every day, through every surgery, every struggle, and every move.