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Relation Structure/Activité De Tanins Bioactifs Contre Les Nématodes

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Relation Structure/Activité De Tanins Bioactifs Contre Les Nématodes En vue de l'obtention du DOCTORAT DE L'UNIVERSITÉ DE TOULOUSE Délivré par : Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse (INP Toulouse) Discipline ou spécialité : Pathologie, Toxicologie, Génétique et Nutrition Présentée et soutenue par : Mme JESSICA QUIJADA PINANGO le jeudi 17 décembre 2015 Titre : RELATION STRUCTURE/ACTIVITE DE TANINS BIOACTIFS CONTRE LES NEMATODES GASTROINTESTINAUX (HAEMONCHUS CONTORTUS) PARASITES DES PETITS RUMINANTS Ecole doctorale : Sciences Ecologiques, Vétérinaires, Agronomiques et Bioingénieries (SEVAB) Unité de recherche : Interactions Hôtes - Agents Pathogènes (IHAP) Directeur(s) de Thèse : M. HERVÉ HOSTE Rapporteurs : M. ADIBE LUIZ ABDALLA, UNIVERSIDAD DE SAO PAULO Mme HEIDI ENEMARK, NORWEGIAN VETERINARY INSTITUTE Membre(s) du jury : 1 M. FRANÇOIS SCHELCHER, ECOLE NATIONALE VETERINAIRE DE TOULOUSE, Président 2 M. HERVÉ HOSTE, INRA TOULOUSE, Membre 2 Mme CARINE MARIE-MAGDELAINE, INRA PETIT BOURG, Membre 2 M. SMARO SOTIRAKI, HAO-DEMETER, Membre 2 M. VINCENT NIDERKORN, INRA CLERMONT FERRAND, Membre QUIJADA J. 2015 Cette thèse est dédiée à mes parents, Teresa et Héctor, À mon mari, Rafäel, pour son soutien inconditionnel, son amour illimité, sa patience, sa loyauté, son amitié et surtout sa confidence, À ma grand-mère, Marcolina, car m'ait donné le plus grand et précieux cadeau en ma vie : ma foi en Dieu ma forteresse et mon espoir (Isaïas 41:13). À mes adorés sœurs, belle- sœurs et frère : Yurlin, Indira, Iskay, Olga, Zoraida et Jesus. Merci pour l’amour infini que m’ont toujours été donné, celui qu’a été prolongé par l'amour de mes merveilleux neveux. 1 QUIJADA J. 2015 REMERCIEMENTS Je remercie tout d’abord mon Dieu pour me donner le cadeau de la vie, et la forteresse pour vivre chaque jour. Je tiens à remercier le Dr. Hervé Hoste de l’équipe « Interaction Tanins-Nématodes Digestifs » de l’UMR 1225 INRA/ENVT « Interactions Hôtes-Agents Pathogènes », pour avoir dirigé mes travaux de recherche. Je lui suis vraiment reconnaissante pour son aide, ses conseils et son soutien pendant toutes ces années. Je tiens à le remercier pour sa disponibilité, sa patience et gentillesse, ses conseils, bienveillance et la confiance qu’il m’a témoignée dès le premier jour. Je vous remercie de me donner l’opportunité de rejoindre l’équipe de recherche pendant ces trois années, elles representeront en temps précieux dans ma vie professionnelle mais aussi personnelle. Merci beaucoup, pour avoir été le meilleur directeur de thèse que je puisse avoir eu. Je souhaite remercier le Pr. Adibe Luiz Abdalla de l’ « Universidade de São Paulo » et le Dr. Heidi Enemark du « Norwegian Veterinary Institute » d’avoir accepté d’être rapporteurs de mon travail de thèse. Ainsi, je tiens à remercier le Dr. Carine Marie- Magdeleine de l’INRA Petit Bourg, le Dr. Vincent Niderkorn de l’INRA Clermont-Ferrand et le Dr. Smaragda Sotiraki de l’« HAO-DEMETER » d’avoir accepté d’être examinateurs de ma thèse. J’adresse mes sincères remerciements au Pr. Nicolas Fabre de l’Université de Toulouse III Paul Sabatier et au Dr. Vincent Niderkorn de l’INRA Clermont-Ferrand, qui ont bien voulu faire partie de mon comité de thèse. Je les remercie pour leur intérêt pour mon travail, leurs conseils, disponibilité et leur appui permanent. Cette étude a pu être réalisée grâce à l’appui et à la collaboration de nombreuses personnes, tant en France qu’à l’étranger. Je tiens donc également à remercier : Le Pr. Juha-Pekka Salminen et la Pr. Maarit Karonen ensemble ainsi que leur équipe du travail pour m’avoir accueilli dans les laboratoires du « Natural Chemistry Research Group » de l’Université de Turku, Finlande. Merci pour m’avoir mené dans le fascinant monde des tanins. Je vous remercie tous pour votre aide, votre gentillesse, mais surtout l’inspiration et la motivation pendant mon stage dans cet extraordinaire pays. La Pr. Irene Mueller-Harvey de la « School of Agriculture, Policy and Development» de l’« Université de Reading », pour son soutien constant et des précieux temps qu’elle m’a dédiée, ainsi que toute la sagesse qu’elle m’a donnée pendant mon stage dans son laboratoire. Merci à l’équipe constituée par : Christos Fryganas, Honorata Ropiak, 2 QUIJADA J. 2015 Chaweewan Klongsiriwet, Parwin Majid (RIP), Mohammed Munis Dakheel, Christopher Drake et Prabhat Sakya pour toute l’aide, les conseils, et les bonheurs partagés pendant les deux mois où j’ai été avec eux. Je voudrais aussi remercier tous mes collègues étudiants de thèse « ESR (Early Stage Researcher) » du projet « LegumePlus », pour toutes les discussions, nos voyages en commun au travers de cet important projet de recherche, pour les moments partagés au long des réunions du projet et les divers cours de formation faits ensemble. Membres de l’équipe « Interaction Tanins-Nématodes Digestifs » présents au cours des trois dernières années, mes collègue et amis : Dr. Foteini Manolaraki, Dr. Blasius Azuhnwi, Dr. Aina Ramsay, Marine Rabeyrin, Audrey Torlotin, Lucie Legroux, Margaux Simon, Israel Chan-Pérez, Heloïse Legendre, Liza Bastide et M Eric Pardo. Très spécialement je voudrais remercier Elodie Gaudin, Ramzi El-Korso, Marica Engström et Liza Fonsou qui m’ont aide avec succès pour les études in vivo de cette thèse. Je tiens à vous remercier pour votre amitié et pour le temps passé ensemble à l'intérieur et à l'extérieur du laboratoire. Le Pr. Michel Franc et le personnel du département de Parasitologie de l’Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse pour m’avoir accompagnée au quotidien pendant ces années. Merci pour la cordialité et la gentillesse de chaque jour. Le Pr. François Schelcher et le personnel de l’UMR 1225 INRA/ENVT « Interactions Hôtes-Agents Pathogènes » pour leur sympathie et les services rendus et tout specialement d’avoir accepté d’être le président du jury de ma thèse. Les secrétaires de l’UMR 1225 INRA/ENVT : Pascale Fauré, Marie Perrin, Corinne Fabreguettes et Laurence Lecomte pour leur amitié et leur aide au niveau administratif et la chaleureuse cordialité qu’elles m’ont toutes montrée dès le premier jour à l’INRA. Les animaliers dont l’appui a été primordial pour la maintenance de nos animaux d’expérimentation, M Jean-Marc Delmas et toute l’équipe : Merci beaucoup! Je remercie aussi tous mes amis et tous mes proches qui, de près ou de loin, m’ont soutenue durant ma vie mais aussi spécialement pendant ces années de thèse. Enfin, notre travail de thèse a été réalisé grâce au soutien financier de : l’Union Européenne, grâce au projet Marie-Curie « LegumePlus » (Projet PITN-GA-2011-289377). Je voudrais aussi remercier la France, ce pays qui m'a reçu à bras ouverts. “A todos !Muchas gracias! estarán siempre en mi corazón”. (Merci beaucoup à tous, vous serez toujours dans mon cœur) 3 QUIJADA J. 2015 LISTE DES PUBLICATIONS Les différents travaux de recherche menés au cours de cette thèse ont fait l’objet des publications suivantes : Articles intégrés dans la thèse : Hoste, H., Torres-Acosta, J.F.J., Quijada, J., Chan Pérez, I., Dakheel, M.M., Kommuru, D.S., Quijada, J., Mueller-Harvey, I., Terrill, T.H. Interactions between Nutrition and Infections with H. contortus (and related Gastrointestinal Nematodes) in Small Ruminants. Adv. Parasit. (accepté). Quijada, J., Fryganas, C., Ropiak, H.M., Ramsay, A., Mueller-Harvey, I., Hoste, H. 2015. Anthelmintic activities against Haemonchus contortus or Trichostrongylus colubriformis from Small Ruminants are influenced by structural features of condensed tannins. J. Agric. Food Chem., 63, 6346–6354. Klongsiriwet, C., Quijada, J., Williams, A.R., Mueller-Harvey, I., Williamson, E.M., Hoste, H. 2015. Synergistic inhibition of Haemonchus contortus exsheathment by flavonoid monomers and condensed tannins. Int. J. Parasitol. Drugs Drug Resist., 5, 127–134. 4 QUIJADA J. 2015 LISTE DES ABREVIATIONS ADD Dérives d'amino-acetonitrile ADN Acide désoxyribonucléique AH Anthelminthique BZs Benzimidazoles Da(s) Daltons C Catéchol (catechin) CE50 Concentration efficace pour avoir le 50% d’effet EC Epicatéchol (epicatechin) EGC Epigallocatéchol (epigallocatechin) EGCG Epigallocatéchol gallaic (epigallocathechin gallate) g Gramme GABA Acide gamma aminobutyrique GC Gallocatéchol (gallocatechin) GCG Gallocatéchol gallaic (gallocathechin gallate) GI(s) Gastro-intestinal(aux) GIN(s) Nématodes gastro-intestinaux HCl Acide hydrochlorhydrique HPLC Chromatographie en phase liquide à haute performance Kg Kilogramme L1s Larves de stade 1 L2s Larves de stade 2 L3s Larves de stade 3 L4s Larves de stade 4 LEIA Méthode d'inhibition du dégainement larvaire LMIA Méthode d'inhibition de la migration larvaire mDP Degré moyen de polymérisation MS Matière sèche OH Hydroxyle OPG Œufs par gramme de fèces PC Procyanidol (procyanidin) PD Prodelphinidol (prodelphinidin) PEG Polyéthylène glycol PM Poids moléculaire PS Poids sec PSMs Métabolites secondaires des plantes PRPs Protéines riches en proline PVPP Polyvinyl polypyrrolidone SGIs Strongles gastro-intestinalaux TCs Tannins condensés THs Tannins hydrolysables TR Riche en tanin TTs Tannins totaux 5 QUIJADA J. 2015 TABLE DES MATIERES REMERCIEMENTS ................................................................................................ 2 LISTE DES PUBLICATIONS .................................................................................. 4 LISTE DES ABREVIATIONS ................................................................................. 5 TABLE DES MATIERES ......................................................................................... 6 RESUME ...........................................................................................................
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