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Subject Index Absolute configuration 28, 30, 267 A-Ring protons (NMR), C-6 and C-8 261-265 Acacetin 43, 48, 55, 57 -- -,C-5 264 -, UV spectra of 90 Artemetin 43, 56, 60, 277 Acacetin 7-0-glucoside 43,55, 58 -, NMR spectrum of 308 - -, UV spectra of 91 -, UV spectra of 155 Acetylated aglycone 31,45,271 Astilbin 40, 170, 172, 174, 278 Acetylation of TMS ethers 255, 259 -, NMRspectrum of 327 7-Acetyloxy-6-carbomethoxyisoflavone 277 -, UV spectra of 255 -, NMR spectrum of 312 Aurone 40 Acid hydrolysis 24 Aurones, NMR spectra index 274 Afrormosin 14, 166, 169, 173,278 -, -- interpretation 254--272 -, NMR spectrum of 320 -, numbering system 13, 227 -, structure of 20 -, paper chromatography 13 -, UV spectra of 195 -, thin-layer chromatography 22 Aglycone, degradation 28 -, UV spectra index 230 -, identification 27 -, UV spectra interpretation 227,230 -, methylation and acetylation 31,45 - (see also UV and NMR) Baicalein (5,6,7-trihydroxyflavone) 43,45,57 Aluminum chloride for UV spectroscopy 35 - -, UV spectra of 77 --- -, chalcones and aurones 229 Baicalin (5,6,7-trihydroxyflavone 7-0-glucuronide) --- -,5-deoxy-7-hydroxyflavones 53 43, 55, 57 --- -, flavones and flavonols 50-56 -- -, UV spectra of 78 --- -, isoflavones, flavanones, and Baker-Venkataraman transformation 28 dihydroflavonols 171 Bands land II 41 Amentoflavone 43,46,49,55,58,279 -- -, chalcones and aurones 227 -, NMR spectrum of 343 -- -, flavones and flavonols 42 -, UV spectra of 110 -- -, isoflavones, flavanones and Ammonia, paper chromatographie spot detection dihydroflavonols 166 12,13,21 Baptigenin 169, 173 Amurensin 40 -, UV spectra of 199 p-Anisidine hydrochloride, spray reagent 27 Baptisia australis 20 Anthochlor pigments 227 - lecontei flavonoids 4,7-10,16-18,30 Anthocyanase 25 Bathochromic shifts (see UV and Detection) Anthocyanins 52 Bayin (see 5-Deoxyvitexin) Apigenin 6, 10, 43, 46, 48, 53, 55, 57, 275 4-Benzyloxy-2,5-dihydroxy- -, NMR spectrum of 280 3,6-dimethoxyacetophenone 28 -, structure of 8 4-Benzyloxy-3,6-dimethoxy- -, UV spectra of 81 2,5-di(5-benzyloxy-3,4-dimethoxy benzoyloxy) - 7-0-glucoside 12, 43, 46, 55, 57, 275 acetophenone 29 - -, NMR spectrum of 282 Biochanin A 14,169,171,173,277 - -, structure of 8 -, NMR spectrum of 314 - -, UV spectra of 82 -, structure of 21 - 7-0-neohesperidoside 43,46, 55, 57, 275 -, UV spectra of 190 - -, NMR spectrum of 281 Boric acid for UV spectroscopy 35 - -, NMR spectrum of sugar 270 B-Ring oxygenation, effect on UV spectrum - -, structure of 269 44,166,227 - -, UV spectra of 83 B-Ring protons (NMR), C-2' and C-6' 265-267 - 7-0-neohesperidoside acetate 275 -- -, C-3' and C-5' 265-267 -- -, NMR spectrum of 281 - 7-0-rhamnoglucoside 4 Calycosin (3', 7-dihydroxy-4' -methoxyisoflavone) - -, structure of 8 6, 14 Arabinose identification 32 - -, structure of 9 A-Ring oxygenation, effect on UV spectra - 7-0-glucoside 7 44,45,46 - -, structure of 9 346 Subject Index Calycosin 7-0-rhamnoglucoside 7 C-Glycosides, NMR 267,269,271 - -, structure of 9 -, paper chromatography 11, 12 Carbon tetrachloride (NMR) 255, 267 Circular dichroism 28, 30 2-Carboxy-5,7-dihydroxyisoflavone 169, 171, 173 C-Methyl protons (NMR) 272 -, UV spectra of 178 Column chromatography 2-Carbethoxy-5, 7-dihydroxy-4'-methoxy- - -, aglycones 19 6-methylisoflavone 278 - -,general 17 -, NMR spectrum of(CCI4) 318 Complexes - AICl3/flavones and flavonols -, NMR spectrum of(CDCI3) 319 51 2-Carbethoxy-5,7 -dihydroxy-4' -methoxy- Cotton efTect 30 8-methylisoflavone 277 Coumarins 18 -, NMR spectrum of (CCI4) 317 Coupling constants (see proton of interest under -, NMR spectrum of(CDCI3) 318 chemical shift) 2-Carboxy-6,7-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyisoflavone C-Ring protons (NMR) 267 169, 173 -- -, IX- and ß-protons (chalcones) 267 -, UV spectra of 194 -- -, benzylic protons (aurones) 267 8-Carbomethoxy-5-hydroxy-6-methylisoflavone -- -, C-2, C-3 262, 267 277 Cytisoside 263,275 -, NMR spectrum of(CDCI3) 310 -, NMR spectrum of 284 -, NMR spectrum of (DMSO-d6) 311 C. A. T. (see time-averaging computer) Daidzein 6, 9, 166, 169, 173 Celite 17, 18 -, structure of 21 Cellulose, column chromatography 17 -, UV spectra of 179 -, thin-Iayer chromatography 21, 22 - 7-0-glucoside (Daidzin) 7, 173 Centaurein 42, 56, 59, 277 -- -, structure of 9 -, NMR spectrum of 307 -- -, UV spectra of 180 -, UV spectra of 150 - 7-0-rhamnoglucoside 7 Chalcones, NMR spectra index 274 - -, structure of 9 -, -- interpretation 254-272 Degradation technique 28 -, numbering system 13, 227 Demethoxysudachitin 21,275 -, paper chromatography 13 -, NMR spectrum of 290 -, thin-Iayer chromatography 22 -, structure of 19 -, UV spectra index 230 Demethylation, selective 29 -, -- interpretation 227-230 5-Deoxy-flavonoids, NMR spectra 264-265 Chalcone 40 -, relative Rfvalues 10 - IX,ß-epoxide 279 -, UV spectra 44,53,56,166,169 - -, NMR spectrum of 339 5-Deoxyvitexin (Bayin) 43, 46, 48, 53, 57 Charcoal 16 - -, UV spectra of 72 Chelation 50 Desalting 32 Chemical shifts, IX and ß-protons (chalcones) 267 Detection (UV) of, 3,4'-dihydroxyl system 47, - -, acetylated C-glycosides 271 167 - -, benzylic protons (aurones) 267 -- 6,7-dioxygenated isoflavones 166 - -, C-methyl protons 272 -- ortho-dihydroxyl groups 50,52,169-171, - -, C-2 protons 267 228 - -, C-2' and C-6' protons 265-267 -- 3,3',4'-trihydroxyl system 47,50 - -, C-3 protons 262, 267 -- 5,6,7; 5,7,8; and 3',4',5'-trihydroxyl systems - -, C-3' and C-5' protons 265-267 47,50,168-170,228,229 - -, C-5 protons 264 -- offree hydroxyl groups, 3-hydroxyl 45, - -, C-6 and C-8 protons 261-265 48,52-55 - -, downfield on acetylation 31,45 ---- -, 4-hydroxyl 228 - -, hydroxyl protons 254 ---- -,5-hydroxyl 52-55,169-172 - -, methoxyl and acetoxyl protons 271 ---- -,6-hydroxyl 51,52,169,170, - -, solvent induced 267, 272 228 - -, sugar protons 268 ---- -,7-hydroxyl 48,51,169 - -,table of 260 ---- -, 8-hydroxyl 51, 52, 169 - -, TMS ether protons 272 ---- -, 2'-hydI:oxyl 229 Chlorophyll, removal 19 ---- -,3'-hydroxyl 50,169 Chromatography cabinet 4, 5 ---- -,4'-hydroxyl 45,48-50,169, Chrysin 43, 48, 55, 57 228 -, UV spectra of 68 Determination of Rfvalues 9 Chrysoeriol 43, 46, 49, 55, 58 De-trimethylsilylation 258, 259 -, UV spectra of 101 Deuteriochloroform solvent (NMR) 254, 267 C-Glycosides, identification of sugar 31' Deuteriodimethyl sulfoxide solvent (NMR) - in Lemna minor 12 254-267 - isomerization 11, 24 Diaxial protons 267,268 Subject Index 347 Diazomethane 30, 259 4',7-Dihydroxyflavone 7-0-rhamnoglucoside, 5',7-Dibenzyloxy-3',4',5,6,8-pentamethoxyflavone -, structure of 8 28,29 -, UV spectra of 71 5' -7-Dibenzyloxy-6-(5-benzyloxy- 2',4' -Dihydroxy-3,4-dimethoxychalcone 279 3,4-dimethoxybenzoyloxy)-3',4',5,8-tetra­ -, NMR spectrum of 337 methoxyflavone 29 5,7 -Dihydroxy-3',4' -dimethoxyflavanone 278 Diequatorial protons· 269 -, NMR spectrum of 334 4',7-Di-O-ethylvitexin 40 5,7-Dihydroxy-3',4'-dimethoxyflavone 43,49, Diglycosides, column chromatography 17, 20 55,58,275 -, distinction from tri- and mono- 27 -, NMR spectrum of 287 -, hydrolysis 24 -, UV spectra of 104 -, NMR 269, 271 5,7-Dihydroxyisoflavone 166, 169, 171, 173 -, paper chromatography 7, 10, 11 -, UV spectra of 176 -, thin-Iayer chromatography 20-22 2' ,4-Dihydroxy-4' -methoxychalcone 279 Dihydrofisetin 170, 174, 278 -, NMR spectrum of 335 -, NMR spectrum of 326 5,7-Dihydroxy-2'-methoxyflavone 43,48,55, -, UV spectra of 220 58,275 Dihydroflavonols, absolute configuration 28, -, NMR spectrum of 284 30 -, UV spectra of 92 -, column chromatography 17-20 3', 7-Dihydroxy-4' -methoxyisoflavone -, 3-0-glucosides 30 (see Calycosin) -, NMR spectra index 274 5,7-Dihydroxy-4' -methoxyisoflavone -, -- interpretation 254-272 (see Biochanin A) -, paper chromatography 13 6,7 -Dihydroxy-4' -methoxyisoflavone -, thin-Iayer chromatography 20-22 (see T exasin) -, UV spectra index 173 4',7-Dihydroxy-5-methoxyisoflavone 40 -, -- interpretation 165-173 5,7 -Dihydroxy-4' -methoxy-8-methylisofla vone Dihydrokaempferol 40, 172, 174, 278 277 -, NMR spectrum of 325 -, NMR spectrum of 316 -, UV spectra of 222 5,7-Dihydroxy-3' ,4' ,5' -trimethoxyfla vone 43, Dihydroquercetin 278 49, 55, 58 -, NMR spectrum of 327 -, UV spectra of 106 Dihydrorobinetin 170, 174, 278 3',5-Dihydroxy-3,4',7,8-tetramethoxyflavone 258 -, NMR spectrum 328 4,4'-Dimethoxychalcone 279 -, UV spectra of 226 -, NMR spectrum of 335 3',4'-Dihydroxyaurone 40,229,230 3',4'-Dimethoxyflavone 43,57 -, UV spectra of 243 -, UV spectra of 67 4',7-Dihydroxyaurone 279 3,4-Di-O-methylgallic acid 28 -, NMR spectrum of 340 5,7-Dimethoxyisoflavone 173 5,7-Dihydroxyaurone 227,230 -, UV spectra of 176 -, UV spectra of 244 5,7 -Dimethoxy-8-methylisoflavone 277 6,7-Dihydroxyaurone 227,229,230 -, NMR spectrum of 313 -, UV spectra of 245 Dimethyl sulfate 30, 259 2,2'-Dihydroxychalcone 229,230 Diosmetin 40, 43, 49, 55, 58, 275 -, UV spectra of 235 -, NMR spectrum of 287 2',4-Dihydroxychalcone 229,230 -, UV spectra of 103 -, UV spectra of 236 - 7-0-rutinoside (see Diosmin) 3,4-Dihydroxychalcone 229,230 - triacetate, structure of 45 -, UV spectra of 234 Diosmin 270,271,275 (+ )-4',7-Dihydroxy-dihydroflavonol 7 -, NMR spectrum of 288 -, structure of 8 -, structure of 269 4',7-Dihydroxyflavonol 6 - acetate 275 -, structure of 8 - -, NMR spectrum of 288 5,7-Dihydroxyflavanone (see also pinocembrin) Distinguishing, 6-C- and 8-C-glycosides 11, 12, 40,45 263 2',3-Dihydroxyflavone 40 -, 6-C- and 8-C-methyl groups 272 3',4'-Dihydroxyflavone 40,43,46,50,57 -, neohesperidosides and rutinosides 269 -, UV spectra of 66 -, C-2 protons 269 4',7-Dihydroxyflavone 6,43,46,48,57 -, C-3, C-6 and C-8
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    Isolation, Identification and Characterization of Allelochemicals/Natural Products Isolation, Identification and Characterization of Allelochemicals/Natural Products Editors DIEGO A. SAMPIETRO Instituto de Estudios Vegetales “Dr. A. R. Sampietro” Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Tucumán Argentina CESAR A. N. CATALAN Instituto de Química Orgánica Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Tucumán Argentina MARTA A. VATTUONE Instituto de Estudios Vegetales “Dr. A. R. Sampietro” Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Tucumán Argentina Series Editor S. S. NARWAL Haryana Agricultural University Hisar, India Science Publishers Enfield (NH) Jersey Plymouth Science Publishers www.scipub.net 234 May Street Post Office Box 699 Enfield, New Hampshire 03748 United States of America General enquiries : [email protected] Editorial enquiries : [email protected] Sales enquiries : [email protected] Published by Science Publishers, Enfield, NH, USA An imprint of Edenbridge Ltd., British Channel Islands Printed in India © 2009 reserved ISBN: 978-1-57808-577-4 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Isolation, identification and characterization of allelo- chemicals/natural products/editors, Diego A. Sampietro, Cesar A. N. Catalan, Marta A. Vattuone. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-57808-577-4 (hardcover) 1. Allelochemicals. 2. Natural products. I. Sampietro, Diego A. II. Catalan, Cesar A. N. III. Vattuone, Marta A. QK898.A43I86 2009 571.9’2--dc22 2008048397 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher, in writing. The exception to this is when a reasonable part of the text is quoted for purpose of book review, abstracting etc.
  • An in Silico Study of the Ligand Binding to Human Cytochrome P450 2D6

    An in Silico Study of the Ligand Binding to Human Cytochrome P450 2D6

    AN IN SILICO STUDY OF THE LIGAND BINDING TO HUMAN CYTOCHROME P450 2D6 Sui-Lin Mo (Doctor of Philosophy) Discipline of Chinese Medicine School of Health Sciences RMIT University, Victoria, Australia January 2011 i Declaration I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and to the best of my knowledge it contains no materials previously published or written by another person, or substantial proportions of material which have been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma at RMIT university or any other educational institution, except where due acknowledgment is made in the thesis. Any contribution made to the research by others, with whom I have worked at RMIT university or elsewhere, is explicitly acknowledged in the thesis. I also declare that the intellectual content of this thesis is the product of my own work, except to the extent that assistance from others in the project‘s design and conception or in style, presentation and linguistic expression is acknowledged. PhD Candidate: Sui-Lin Mo Date: January 2011 ii Acknowledgements I would like to take this opportunity to express my gratitude to my supervisor, Professor Shu-Feng Zhou, for his excellent supervision. I thank him for his kindness, encouragement, patience, enthusiasm, ideas, and comments and for the opportunity that he has given me. I thank my co-supervisor, A/Prof. Chun-Guang Li, for his valuable support, suggestions, comments, which have contributed towards the success of this thesis. I express my great respect to Prof. Min Huang, Dean of School of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Sun Yat-sen University in P.R.China, for his valuable support.
  • Research Article Simultaneous Extraction Optimization And

    Research Article Simultaneous Extraction Optimization And

    Hindawi Publishing Corporation ISRN Biotechnology Volume 2013, Article ID 450948, 10 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2013/450948 Research Article Simultaneous Extraction Optimization and Analysis of Flavonoids from the Flowers of Tabernaemontana heyneana by High Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Diode Array Detector and Electron Spray Ionization/Mass Spectrometry Thiyagarajan Sathishkumar,1 Ramakrishnan Baskar,1 Mohan Aravind,1 Suryanarayanan Tilak,1 Sri Deepthi,1 and Vellalore Maruthachalam Bharathikumar2 1 Department of Biotechnology, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore 641049, India 2 Department of Biochemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 5E5 Correspondence should be addressed to iyagarajan Sathishkumar; [email protected] Received 24 June 2012; Accepted 9 August 2012 Academic Editors: Y. H. Cheong, H. Kakeshita, W. A. Kues, and D. Pant Copyright © 2013 iyagarajan Sathishkumar et al. is is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Flavonoids are exploited as antioxidants, antimicrobial, antithrombogenic, antiviral, and antihypercholesterolemic agents. Normally, conventional extraction techniques like soxhlet or shake �ask methods provide low yield of �avonoids with structural loss, and thereby, these techniques may be considered as inefficient. In this regard, an attempt was made to optimize the �avonoid extraction using orthogonal design of experiment and subsequent structural elucidation by high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector-electron spray ionization/mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS) techniques. e shake �ask method of �avonoid extraction was observed to provide a yield of (mg/g tissue). With the two different solvents, namely, ethanol and ethyl acetate, tried for the extraction optimization of �avonoid, ethanol (80.1 mg/g tissue) has been proved better than ethyl acetate (20.5 mg/g tissue).
  • Relation Structure/Activité De Tanins Bioactifs Contre Les Nématodes

    Relation Structure/Activité De Tanins Bioactifs Contre Les Nématodes

    En vue de l'obtention du DOCTORAT DE L'UNIVERSITÉ DE TOULOUSE Délivré par : Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse (INP Toulouse) Discipline ou spécialité : Pathologie, Toxicologie, Génétique et Nutrition Présentée et soutenue par : Mme JESSICA QUIJADA PINANGO le jeudi 17 décembre 2015 Titre : RELATION STRUCTURE/ACTIVITE DE TANINS BIOACTIFS CONTRE LES NEMATODES GASTROINTESTINAUX (HAEMONCHUS CONTORTUS) PARASITES DES PETITS RUMINANTS Ecole doctorale : Sciences Ecologiques, Vétérinaires, Agronomiques et Bioingénieries (SEVAB) Unité de recherche : Interactions Hôtes - Agents Pathogènes (IHAP) Directeur(s) de Thèse : M. HERVÉ HOSTE Rapporteurs : M. ADIBE LUIZ ABDALLA, UNIVERSIDAD DE SAO PAULO Mme HEIDI ENEMARK, NORWEGIAN VETERINARY INSTITUTE Membre(s) du jury : 1 M. FRANÇOIS SCHELCHER, ECOLE NATIONALE VETERINAIRE DE TOULOUSE, Président 2 M. HERVÉ HOSTE, INRA TOULOUSE, Membre 2 Mme CARINE MARIE-MAGDELAINE, INRA PETIT BOURG, Membre 2 M. SMARO SOTIRAKI, HAO-DEMETER, Membre 2 M. VINCENT NIDERKORN, INRA CLERMONT FERRAND, Membre QUIJADA J. 2015 Cette thèse est dédiée à mes parents, Teresa et Héctor, À mon mari, Rafäel, pour son soutien inconditionnel, son amour illimité, sa patience, sa loyauté, son amitié et surtout sa confidence, À ma grand-mère, Marcolina, car m'ait donné le plus grand et précieux cadeau en ma vie : ma foi en Dieu ma forteresse et mon espoir (Isaïas 41:13). À mes adorés sœurs, belle- sœurs et frère : Yurlin, Indira, Iskay, Olga, Zoraida et Jesus. Merci pour l’amour infini que m’ont toujours été donné, celui qu’a été prolongé par l'amour de mes merveilleux neveux. 1 QUIJADA J. 2015 REMERCIEMENTS Je remercie tout d’abord mon Dieu pour me donner le cadeau de la vie, et la forteresse pour vivre chaque jour.