Flavonoid Glucodiversification with Engineered Sucrose-Active Enzymes Yannick Malbert
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Bacteria Belonging to Pseudomonas Typographi Sp. Nov. from the Bark Beetle Ips Typographus Have Genomic Potential to Aid in the Host Ecology
insects Article Bacteria Belonging to Pseudomonas typographi sp. nov. from the Bark Beetle Ips typographus Have Genomic Potential to Aid in the Host Ecology Ezequiel Peral-Aranega 1,2 , Zaki Saati-Santamaría 1,2 , Miroslav Kolaˇrik 3,4, Raúl Rivas 1,2,5 and Paula García-Fraile 1,2,4,5,* 1 Microbiology and Genetics Department, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; [email protected] (E.P.-A.); [email protected] (Z.S.-S.); [email protected] (R.R.) 2 Spanish-Portuguese Institute for Agricultural Research (CIALE), 37185 Salamanca, Spain 3 Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, 128 01 Prague, Czech Republic; [email protected] 4 Laboratory of Fungal Genetics and Metabolism, Institute of Microbiology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic 5 Associated Research Unit of Plant-Microorganism Interaction, University of Salamanca-IRNASA-CSIC, 37008 Salamanca, Spain * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 4 July 2020; Accepted: 1 September 2020; Published: 3 September 2020 Simple Summary: European Bark Beetle (Ips typographus) is a pest that affects dead and weakened spruce trees. Under certain environmental conditions, it has massive outbreaks, resulting in attacks of healthy trees, becoming a forest pest. It has been proposed that the bark beetle’s microbiome plays a key role in the insect’s ecology, providing nutrients, inhibiting pathogens, and degrading tree defense compounds, among other probable traits. During a study of bacterial associates from I. typographus, we isolated three strains identified as Pseudomonas from different beetle life stages. In this work, we aimed to reveal the taxonomic status of these bacterial strains and to sequence and annotate their genomes to mine possible traits related to a role within the bark beetle holobiont. -
Metabolic Engineering of Microbial Cell Factories for Biosynthesis of Flavonoids: a Review
molecules Review Metabolic Engineering of Microbial Cell Factories for Biosynthesis of Flavonoids: A Review Hanghang Lou 1,†, Lifei Hu 2,†, Hongyun Lu 1, Tianyu Wei 1 and Qihe Chen 1,* 1 Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; [email protected] (H.L.); [email protected] (H.L.); [email protected] (T.W.) 2 Hubei Key Lab of Quality and Safety of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Health Food, Huangshi 435100, China; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-0571-8698-4316 † These authors are equally to this manuscript. Abstract: Flavonoids belong to a class of plant secondary metabolites that have a polyphenol structure. Flavonoids show extensive biological activity, such as antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-mutagenic, anti-cancer, and antibacterial properties, so they are widely used in the food, phar- maceutical, and nutraceutical industries. However, traditional sources of flavonoids are no longer sufficient to meet current demands. In recent years, with the clarification of the biosynthetic pathway of flavonoids and the development of synthetic biology, it has become possible to use synthetic metabolic engineering methods with microorganisms as hosts to produce flavonoids. This article mainly reviews the biosynthetic pathways of flavonoids and the development of microbial expression systems for the production of flavonoids in order to provide a useful reference for further research on synthetic metabolic engineering of flavonoids. Meanwhile, the application of co-culture systems in the biosynthesis of flavonoids is emphasized in this review. Citation: Lou, H.; Hu, L.; Lu, H.; Wei, Keywords: flavonoids; metabolic engineering; co-culture system; biosynthesis; microbial cell factories T.; Chen, Q. -
Stereoselective Synthesis of a 4- -Glucoside of Valienamine and Its X
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Stereoselective synthesis of a 4‑⍺‑glucoside of valienamine and its X‑ray structure in complex with Streptomyces coelicolor GlgE1‑V279S Anshupriya Si1,4, Thilina D. Jayasinghe2,4, Radhika Thanvi1, Sunayana Kapil3, Donald R. Ronning2* & Steven J. Sucheck1* Glycoside hydrolases (GH) are a large family of hydrolytic enzymes found in all domains of life. As such, they control a plethora of normal and pathogenic biological functions. Thus, understanding selective inhibition of GH enzymes at the atomic level can lead to the identifcation of new classes of therapeutics. In these studies, we identifed a 4‑⍺‑glucoside of valienamine (8) as an inhibitor of Streptomyces coelicolor (Sco) GlgE1‑V279S which belongs to the GH13 Carbohydrate Active EnZyme family. The results obtained from the dose–response experiments show that 8 at a concentration of 1000 µM reduced the enzyme activity of Sco GlgE1‑V279S by 65%. The synthetic route to 8 and a closely related 4‑⍺‑glucoside of validamine (7) was achieved starting from readily available D‑maltose. A key step in the synthesis was a chelation‑controlled addition of vinylmagnesium bromide to a maltose‑derived enone intermediate. X‑ray structures of both 7 and 8 in complex with Sco GlgE1‑ V279S were solved to resolutions of 1.75 and 1.83 Å, respectively. Structural analysis revealed the valienamine derivative 8 binds the enzyme in an E2 conformation for the cyclohexene fragment. Also, the cyclohexene fragment shows a new hydrogen‑bonding contact from the pseudo‑diaxial C(3)–OH to the catalytic nucleophile Asp 394 at the enzyme active site. -
1 Termite Feeding Deterrent from Japanese Larch Wood K. Chen A, W
Termite feeding deterrent from Japanese larch wood K. Chen a, W. Ohmurab, S. Doic, M. Aoyamad* a Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, People’s Republic of China b Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba 305-8687, Japan c Institute of Wood Technology, Akita Prefectural University, Noshiro 016-0876, Japan d Laboratory of Bioresource Science, Department of Applied Chemistry, Kitami Institute of Technology, Kitami 090-8507, Japan Abstract Extraction of flavonoids from Japanese larch (Larix leptolepis) wood with water was carried out to prepare a termite feeding deterrent. A two-stage procedure for the extraction was adopted. The first extraction step was performed at ambient temperature (22C) and the second at elevated temperatures ranging 50-100C. The first step mainly gave a mixture of polysaccharides together with small amount of flavonoids. At the *Corresponding author. I will move to new laboratory (kitami Institute of Technology) in January, 2004. I can not, at present, supply my facsimile number and e-mail address. They will be available at the time of proof-reading. 1 second step, the yield of extract and its chemical composition were greatly affected by the temperature. The yield of solubilised carbohydrates steadily increased with a rise in the temperature, while the overall yield of flavonoids reached its optimum at 70C. An additional increase in the temperature resulted in a decrease in the yield. Model experiments using dihydroflavonols confirmed the occurrence of oxidative dehydrogenation and/or intramolecular rearrangement during the hydrothermal treatment at higher temperatures. The crude water extracts showed strong feeding deterrent activities against the subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus, in a choice paper disc assay. -
Chemistry and Pharmacology of Kinkéliba (Combretum
CHEMISTRY AND PHARMACOLOGY OF KINKÉLIBA (COMBRETUM MICRANTHUM), A WEST AFRICAN MEDICINAL PLANT By CARA RENAE WELCH A Dissertation submitted to the Graduate School-New Brunswick Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Program in Medicinal Chemistry written under the direction of Dr. James E. Simon and approved by ______________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________ New Brunswick, New Jersey January, 2010 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Chemistry and Pharmacology of Kinkéliba (Combretum micranthum), a West African Medicinal Plant by CARA RENAE WELCH Dissertation Director: James E. Simon Kinkéliba (Combretum micranthum, Fam. Combretaceae) is an undomesticated shrub species of western Africa and is one of the most popular traditional bush teas of Senegal. The herbal beverage is traditionally used for weight loss, digestion, as a diuretic and mild antibiotic, and to relieve pain. The fresh leaves are used to treat malarial fever. Leaf extracts, the most biologically active plant tissue relative to stem, bark and roots, were screened for antioxidant capacity, measuring the removal of a radical by UV/VIS spectrophotometry, anti-inflammatory activity, measuring inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells, and glucose-lowering activity, measuring phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) mRNA expression in an H4IIE rat hepatoma cell line. Radical oxygen scavenging activity, or antioxidant capacity, was utilized for initially directing the fractionation; highlighted subfractions and isolated compounds were subsequently tested for anti-inflammatory and glucose-lowering activities. The ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions of the crude leaf extract were fractionated leading to the isolation and identification of a number of polyphenolic ii compounds. -
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Iran J Biotech. 2015 December;13(4): e1175 DOI:10.15171/ijb.1175 Research Article An Alternative Bacterial Expression System Using Bacillus pumilus SG2 Chitinase Promoter Kambiz Morabbi Heravi 1, Garshasb Rigi 2, Maryam Rezaei Arjomand 3, Amin Rostami 3, Gholamreza Ahmadian 3,* 1Institut für Industrielle Genetik, Universität Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany 2Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Behbahan, Iran 3Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran *Corresponding author: Gholamreza Ahmadian, Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran. Tel: +98-2144787301-10, Fax: +98-2144787399, E-mail: [email protected] Received: April 27, 2015; Revised: September 20, 2015; Accepted: October 03, 2015 Background: Chitin is an abundant natural polysaccharide found in fungi, algae, and exoskeleton of insects. Several bac- terial species are capable of utilizing chitin as their carbon source. These bacteria produce chitinases for degradation of chitin into N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. So far, regulation of the chitinase encoding genes has been studied in different bacte- rial species. Among Bacillus species, B. pumilus strain SG2 encodes two chitinases, ChiS and ChiL. The promoter region of chiSL genes (PchiS) is mainly regulated by the general carbon catabolite repression (CCR) system in B. subtilis due to the presence of a catabolite responsive element (cre). Objectives: Use of PchiS in constructing an inducible expression system in B. subtilis was investigated. Materials and Methods: In the first step, complete and shortened versions of PchiS were inserted upstream of the lacZ on a pBS72/pUC18 shuttle plasmid. -
Astragalin: a Bioactive Phytochemical with Potential Therapeutic Activities
Hindawi Advances in Pharmacological Sciences Volume 2018, Article ID 9794625, 15 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/9794625 Review Article Astragalin: A Bioactive Phytochemical with Potential Therapeutic Activities Ammara Riaz,1 Azhar Rasul ,1 Ghulam Hussain,2 Muhammad Kashif Zahoor ,1 Farhat Jabeen,1 Zinayyera Subhani,3 Tahira Younis,1 Muhammad Ali,1 Iqra Sarfraz,1 and Zeliha Selamoglu4 1Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan 2Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan 3Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan 4Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Nigde O¨ mer Halisdemir University, Nigde 51240, Turkey Correspondence should be addressed to Azhar Rasul; [email protected] Received 8 January 2018; Revised 5 April 2018; Accepted 12 April 2018; Published 2 May 2018 Academic Editor: Paola Patrignani Copyright © 2018 Ammara Riaz et al. %is is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Natural products, an infinite treasure of bioactive chemical entities, persist as an inexhaustible resource for discovery of drugs. %is review article intends to emphasize on one of the naturally occurring flavonoids, astragalin (kaempferol 3-glucoside), which is a bioactive constituent of various traditional -
Chromanone-A Prerogative Therapeutic Scaffold: an Overview
Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-021-05858-3 REVIEW-CHEMISTRY Chromanone‑A Prerogative Therapeutic Scafold: An Overview Sonia Kamboj1,2 · Randhir Singh1 Received: 28 September 2020 / Accepted: 9 June 2021 © King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals 2021 Abstract Chromanone or Chroman-4-one is the most important and interesting heterobicyclic compound and acts as a building block in medicinal chemistry for isolation, designing and synthesis of novel lead compounds. Structurally, absence of a double bond in chromanone between C-2 and C-3 shows a minor diference from chromone but exhibits signifcant variations in biological activities. In the present review, various studies published on synthesis, pharmacological evaluation on chroman- 4-one analogues are addressed to signify the importance of chromanone as a versatile scafold exhibiting a wide range of pharmacological activities. But, due to poor yield in the case of chemical synthesis and expensive isolation procedure from natural compounds, more studies are required to provide the most efective and cost-efective methods to synthesize novel chromanone analogs to give leads to chemistry community. Considering the versatility of chromanone, this review is designed to impart comprehensive, critical and authoritative information about chromanone template in drug designing and development. Keywords Chroman-4-one · Chromone · Pharmacological activity · Synthesis · Analogues 1 Introduction dihydropyran (ring B) which relates to chromane, chromene, chromone and chromenone, but the absence of C2-C3 dou- Chroman-4-one is one of the most important heterobicyclic ble bond of chroman-4-one skeleton makes a minor difer- moieties existing in natural compounds as polyphenols and ence (Table 1) from chromone and associated with diverse as synthetic compounds like Taxifolin, also known as chro- biological activities [1]. -
United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 5,981,835 Austin-Phillips Et Al
USOO598.1835A United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 5,981,835 Austin-Phillips et al. (45) Date of Patent: Nov. 9, 1999 54) TRANSGENIC PLANTS AS AN Brown and Atanassov (1985), Role of genetic background in ALTERNATIVE SOURCE OF Somatic embryogenesis in Medicago. Plant Cell Tissue LIGNOCELLULOSC-DEGRADING Organ Culture 4:107-114. ENZYMES Carrer et al. (1993), Kanamycin resistance as a Selectable marker for plastid transformation in tobacco. Mol. Gen. 75 Inventors: Sandra Austin-Phillips; Richard R. Genet. 241:49-56. Burgess, both of Madison; Thomas L. Castillo et al. (1994), Rapid production of fertile transgenic German, Hollandale; Thomas plants of Rye. Bio/Technology 12:1366–1371. Ziegelhoffer, Madison, all of Wis. Comai et al. (1990), Novel and useful properties of a chimeric plant promoter combining CaMV 35S and MAS 73 Assignee: Wisconsin Alumni Research elements. Plant Mol. Biol. 15:373-381. Foundation, Madison, Wis. Coughlan, M.P. (1988), Staining Techniques for the Detec tion of the Individual Components of Cellulolytic Enzyme 21 Appl. No.: 08/883,495 Systems. Methods in Enzymology 160:135-144. de Castro Silva Filho et al. (1996), Mitochondrial and 22 Filed: Jun. 26, 1997 chloroplast targeting Sequences in tandem modify protein import specificity in plant organelles. Plant Mol. Biol. Related U.S. Application Data 30:769-78O. 60 Provisional application No. 60/028,718, Oct. 17, 1996. Divne et al. (1994), The three-dimensional crystal structure 51 Int. Cl. ............................. C12N 15/82; C12N 5/04; of the catalytic core of cellobiohydrolase I from Tricho AO1H 5/00 derma reesei. Science 265:524-528. -
Induktion, Regulation Und Latenz Von
Organisation and transcriptional regulation of the polyphenol oxidase (PPO) multigene family of the moss Physcomitrella patens (Hedw.) B.S.G. and functional gene knockout of PpPPO1 Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades - Dr. rer. nat. - im Department Biologie der Fakultät Mathematik, Informatik und Naturwissenschaften an der Universität Hamburg von Hanna Richter Hamburg, Januar 2009 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS SUMMARY...................................................................................................................5 ZUSAMMENFASSUNG...............................................................................................6 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................. 8 1.1. Polyphenol oxidases ................................................................................................................ 8 1.2. Phenolic compounds ............................................................................................................. 14 1.3. The model plant Physcomitrella patens ............................................................................... 15 1.4. Aim of this research ............................................................................................................... 19 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS .......................................................................... 20 2.1. Chemicals ............................................................................................................................... -
XAX1 from Glycosyltransferase Family 61 Mediates Xylosyltransfer to Rice Xylan
XAX1 from glycosyltransferase family 61 mediates xylosyltransfer to rice xylan Dawn Chiniquya,b, Vaishali Sharmab, Alex Schultinkc,d, Edward E. Baidoob,e, Carsten Rautengartenb, Kun Chengc,d, Andrew Carrollb, Peter Ulvskovf, Jesper Harholtf, Jay D. Keaslingb,e,g, Markus Paulyc,d, Henrik V. Schellerb,c,e, and Pamela C. Ronalda,b,h,1 aDepartment of Plant Pathology and the Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616; bJoint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA 94608; cDepartment of Plant and Microbial Biology, dEnergy Biosciences Institute, and gDepartment of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720; ePhysical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720; fDepartment of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; and hDepartment of Plant Molecular Systems Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Korea Edited by Diter von Wettstein, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, and approved August 31, 2012 (received for review February 6, 2012) Xylan is the second most abundant polysaccharide on Earth and Caulerpa that has β-1,3-D-xylan in place of cellulose, and the red represents an immense quantity of stored energy for biofuel pro- seaweeds Palmariales and Nemaliales that have a mixed linkage duction. Despite its importance, most of the enzymes that synthe- β-(1,3-1,4)-D-xylose backbone (8). Xylans of embryophytes have size xylan have yet to be identified. Xylans have a backbone of a β-1,4–linked xylose backbone. Xylans found in dicots are mostly β-1,4–linked xylose residues with substitutions that include α-(1→2)– restricted to the secondary cell walls, and hence a main component linked glucuronosyl, 4-O-methyl glucuronosyl, and α-1,2- and α-1,3- of wood. -
Shilin Yang Doctor of Philosophy
PHYTOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF ARTEMISIA ANNUA L. THESIS Presented by SHILIN YANG For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY of the UNIVERSITY OF LONDON DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACOGNOSY THE SCHOOL OF PHARMACY THE UNIVERSITY OF LONDON BRUNSWICK SQUARE, LONDON WC1N 1AX ProQuest Number: U063742 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest U063742 Published by ProQuest LLC(2017). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I wish to express my sincere gratitude to Professor J.D. Phillipson and Dr. M.J.O’Neill for their supervision throughout the course of studies. I would especially like to thank Dr. M.F.Roberts for her great help. I like to thank Dr. K.C.S.C.Liu and B.C.Homeyer for their great help. My sincere thanks to Mrs.J.B.Hallsworth for her help. I am very grateful to the staff of the MS Spectroscopy Unit and NMR Unit of the School of Pharmacy, and the staff of the NMR Unit, King’s College, University of London, for running the MS and NMR spectra.