DOCSLIB.ORG

Meteorological and Hydrological Aspects of Siting and Operation of Nuclear Power Plants

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Meteorological and Hydrological Aspects of Siting and Operation of Nuclear Power Plants Guidelines on Meteorological and Hydrological Aspects of Siting and Operation of Nuclear Power Plants 2020 edition WEATHER CLIMATE WATER CLIMATE WEATHER WMO-No. 550 Guidelines on Meteorological and Hydrological Aspects of Siting and Operation of Nuclear Power Plants 2020 edition WMO-No. 550 EDITORIAL NOTE The following typographical practice has been followed: Standard practices and procedures have been printed in bold. Recommended practices and procedures have been printed in regular font. Notes have been printed in smaller type. METEOTERM, the WMO terminology database, may be consulted at http://public.wmo.int/en/ resources/meteoterm. WMO-No. 550 © World Meteorological Organization, 2020 The right of publication in print, electronic and any other form and in any language is reserved by WMO. Short extracts from WMO publications may be reproduced without authorization, provided that the complete source is clearly indicated. Editorial correspondence and requests to publish, reproduce or translate this publication in part or in whole should be addressed to: Chair, Publications Board World Meteorological Organization (WMO) 7 bis, avenue de la Paix Tel.: +41 (0) 22 730 84 03 P.O. Box 2300 Fax: +41 (0) 22 730 81 17 CH-1211 Geneva 2, Switzerland Email: [email protected] ISBN 978-92-63-10550-9 NOTE The designations employed in WMO publications and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of WMO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by WMO in preference to others of a similar nature which are not mentioned or advertised. PUBLICATION REVISION TRACK RECORD Part/ Date chapter/ Purpose of amendment Proposed by Approved by section CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . ix 1 . INTRODUCTION . 1 2 . NECESSARY INFORMATION – METEOROLOGICAL AND HYDROLOGICAL ASSESSMENT 3 2.1 Generic specifications ....................................................... 3 2.1.1 Introduction ........................................................ 3 2.1.2 Meteorological assessment ............................................ 4 2.1.3 Hydrological assessment .............................................. 8 2.2 Observations ............................................................... 12 2.2.1 General considerations ............................................... 12 2.2.2 Meteorological observations and instruments ............................ 13 2.2.3 Hydrological observations ............................................ 20 2.3 Data analysis ............................................................... 24 2.3.1 Meteorological and climatological data analysis .......................... 24 2.3.1.1 General procedure for assessing meteorological hazards ......... 24 2.3.1.2 Rarely occurring hazardous meteorological phenomena .......... 24 2.3.1.3 Statistical methods for analysing climatological datasets .......... 25 2.3.2 Hydrological–hydrometeorological analysis .............................. 26 2.3.2.1 Methods of analysis. 26 2.3.2.2 Probable maximum precipitation and probable maximum flood ... 31 2.3.2.3 Hydrological studies to support model development ............. 33 2.3.2.4 Studies to support surge model development ................... 36 2.4 Meteorological (numerical weather prediction) analyses .......................... 36 2.4.1 Available meteorological analyses ...................................... 36 2.4.2 Methods for creating a representative analysis ........................... 38 2.4.3 Diagnostic mass-consistent wind field analyses ........................... 39 2.4.4 Combined physical and statistical downscaling ........................... 39 2.4.5 Examples ........................................................... 40 2.4.5.1 WindNinja diagnostic wind field model ........................ 40 2.4.5.2 Uncoupled high-resolution land surface model ................. 40 2.4.5.3 Real-time mesoscale analysis system ........................... 41 2.4.5.4 Meteorological nowcasting systems ........................... 42 2.4.6 Integrated approach useful for atmospheric dispersion .................... 43 2.5 Climate predictions and projections ........................................... 43 2.5.1 Climate predictions .................................................. 43 2.5.2 Climate projections .................................................. 44 2.6 Uncertainties in data and model estimates ...................................... 45 2.6.1 Introduction ........................................................ 45 2.6.2 Predictive uncertainty ................................................ 46 2.6.3 Ensemble prediction system ........................................... 47 2.6.4 Further thoughts on uncertainty ....................................... 53 2.7 Climatological products ...................................................... 54 2.8 Sources of and access to meteorological and hydrological information and products .. 56 2.8.1 History of catchment flooding ......................................... 57 2.8.2 History of dangerous weather events ................................... 58 2.9 Quality management, communication of information and understanding of technical outputs ........................................................... 59 2.9.1 Quality management ................................................. 59 2.9.2 Communication of information and understanding of technical outputs ..... 60 2.10 Periodic safety review and update ............................................. 61 3 . ASSESSMENT OF METEOROLOGICAL HAZARDS . 62 3.1 General considerations ...................................................... 62 vi GUIDELINES ON METEOROLOGICAL AND HYDROLOGICAL ASPECTS OF SITING AND OPERATION OF NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS Page 3.2 Extreme meteorological phenomena ........................................... 62 3.2.1 Minimum and maximum daily air temperatures .......................... 63 3.2.2 Dry and wet bulb temperatures (humidity). 63 3.2.3 Maximum wind speed ................................................ 63 3.2.4 Extreme maximum and minimum precipitation .......................... 63 3.2.5 Extreme snowpack. 63 3.3 Rare meteorological phenomena .............................................. 64 3.3.1 Lightning. 64 3.3.2 Tropical cyclones, typhoons and hurricanes .............................. 64 3.3.3 Tornadoes .......................................................... 64 3.4 Other meteorological phenomena ............................................. 65 3.4.1 Duststorms and sandstorms ........................................... 65 3.4.2 Hail ................................................................ 65 3.4.3 Freezing precipitation and frost-related phenomena ...................... 65 3.5 Transport, dispersion and deposition of airborne radioactivity ..................... 65 3.5.1 Introduction ........................................................ 65 3.5.2 Basics of atmospheric transport and dispersion ........................... 66 3.5.3 Atmospheric transport and dispersion models ............................ 66 3.5.4 Source-term estimation ............................................... 67 4 . ASSESSMENT OF HYDROLOGICAL HAZARDS . 68 4.1 Extreme flood events ........................................................ 68 4.2 Rare flood events ........................................................... 71 4.2.1 Probable maximum flood ............................................. 71 4.2.2 Dam break and glacial lake outburst floods .............................. 72 4.2.3 Tsunamis ........................................................... 74 4.2.4 Storm surges ........................................................ 75 4.3 Low-flow risk ............................................................... 79 4.3.1 Low-flow indices ..................................................... 80 4.3.2 Recession analysis .................................................... 80 4.3.3 Flow-duration curves ................................................. 81 4.3.4 Extreme value analysis. 82 4.3.5 Streamflow deficit ................................................... 83 4.4 High groundwater levels ..................................................... 84 4.5 Water contamination ........................................................ 86 5 . DESIGN-BASIS PARAMETERS . 88 5.1 Meteorological parameters ................................................... 88 5.2 Hydrological parameters. 90 5.2.1 Local flooding ....................................................... 91 5.2.2 Design-basis flood ................................................... 91 6 . MEASURES FOR SITE PROTECTION . 93 6.1 Types of protection .......................................................... 93 6.2 Analysis of protection ........................................................ 93 6.3 Stability of the shoreline ...................................................... 94 7 . CHANGES IN HAZARDS WITH TIME . 95 7.1 Climate change and hazards .................................................. 95 7.1.1 Synthesis of recent Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change findings .... 95 7.1.1.1 Implications in terms of design parameters ..................... 96 7.1.1.2 Changes in extreme events with time .......................... 98 7.1.1.3 Datasets for indices of climate extremes derived from in situ data .. 98 7.1.2 Tropical cyclones and storm surges
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Air Masses and Fronts
    CHAPTER 4 AIR MASSES AND FRONTS Temperature, in the form of heating and cooling, contrasts and produces a homogeneous mass of air. The plays a key roll in our atmosphere’s circulation. energy supplied to Earth’s surface from the Sun is Heating and cooling is also the key in the formation of distributed to the air mass by convection, radiation, and various air masses. These air masses, because of conduction. temperature contrast, ultimately result in the formation Another condition necessary for air mass formation of frontal systems. The air masses and frontal systems, is equilibrium between ground and air. This is however, could not move significantly without the established by a combination of the following interplay of low-pressure systems (cyclones). processes: (1) turbulent-convective transport of heat Some regions of Earth have weak pressure upward into the higher levels of the air; (2) cooling of gradients at times that allow for little air movement. air by radiation loss of heat; and (3) transport of heat by Therefore, the air lying over these regions eventually evaporation and condensation processes. takes on the certain characteristics of temperature and The fastest and most effective process involved in moisture normal to that region. Ultimately, air masses establishing equilibrium is the turbulent-convective with these specific characteristics (warm, cold, moist, transport of heat upwards. The slowest and least or dry) develop. Because of the existence of cyclones effective process is radiation. and other factors aloft, these air masses are eventually subject to some movement that forces them together. During radiation and turbulent-convective When these air masses are forced together, fronts processes, evaporation and condensation contribute in develop between them.
    [Show full text]
  • Geography P1 November 2019 Marking Guidelines
    NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 12 GEOGRAPHY P1 NOVEMBER 2019 MARKING GUIDELINES MARKS: 225 These marking guidelines consist of 26 pages. Copyright reserved Please turn over Geography/P1 2 DBE/November 2019 NSC – Marking Guidelines Marking Guidelines The following marking guidelines have been developed to standardise marking in all provinces. Marking • ALL selected questions MUST be marked, irrespective of whether it is correct or incorrect • Candidates are expected to make a choice of THREE questions to answer. If all questions are answered, ONLY the first three questions are marked. • A clear, neat tick must be used: o If ONE mark is allocated, ONE tick must be used: o If TWO marks are allocated, TWO ticks must be used: o The tick must be placed at the FACT that a mark is being allocated for o Ticks must be kept SMALL, as various layers of moderation may take place • Incorrect answers must be marked with a clear, neat cross: o Use MORE than one cross across a paragraph/discussion style questions to indicate that all facts have been considered o Do NOT draw a line through an incorrect answer o Do NOT underline the incorrect facts • Where the maximum marks have been allocated in the first few sentences of a paragraph, place an M over the remainder of the text to indicate the maximum marks have been achieved For the following action words, ONE word answers are acceptable: give, list, name, state, identify For the following action words, a FULL sentence must be written: describe, explain, evaluate, analyse, suggest, differentiate,
    [Show full text]
  • Study & Master Geography Grade 12 Teacher's Guide
    Ge0graphy CAPS Grade Teacher’s Guide Helen Collett • Norma Catherine Winearls Peter J Holmes 12 SM_Geography_12_TG_CAPS_ENG.indd 1 2013/06/11 6:21 PM Study & Master Geography Grade 12 Teacher’s Guide Helen Collett • Norma Catherine Winearls • Peter J Holmes SM_Geography_12_TG_TP_CAPS_ENGGeog Gr 12 TG.indb 1 BW.indd 1 2013/06/116/11/13 7:13:30 6:09 PMPM CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo, Delhi, Mexico City Cambridge University Press The Water Club, Beach Road, Granger Bay, Cape Town 8005, South Africa www.cup.co.za © Cambridge University Press 2013 This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published 2013 ISBN 978-1-107-38162-9 Editor: Barbara Hutton Proofreader: Anthea Johnstone Artists: Sue Abraham and Peter Holmes Typesetter: Brink Publishing & Design Cover image: Gallo Images/Wolfgang Poelzer/Getty Images ………………………………………………......…………………………………………………………… ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Photographs: Peter Holmes: pp. 267, 271, 273 and 274 Maps: Chief Directorate: National Geo-spatial Information: Department of Rural Development and Land Reform: pp. 189, 233–235 and 284–289 ………………………………………………......…………………………………………………………… Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. Information regarding prices, travel timetables and other factual information given in this work are correct at the time of first printing but Cambridge University Press does not guarantee the accuracy of such information thereafter.
    [Show full text]
  • Meteorological Glossary
    METEOROLOGICAL GLOSSARY Met. O. 842 A.P.897 Meteorological Office Meteorological Glossary Compiled by D. H. Mclntosh, M.A., D.Sc. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office: 1972 U.D.C. 551.5(038) First published 1916 Fifth edition 1972 © Crown copyright 1972 Printed and published by HER MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFFICE To be purchased from 49 High Holborn, London WC1V 6HB 13a Castle Street, Edinburgh EH2 3AR 109 St Mary Street, Cardiff CF1 1JW Brazennose Street, Manchester M60 8AS 50 Fairfax Street, Bristol BS1 3DE 258 Broad Street, Birmingham Bl 2HE 80 Chichester Street, Belfast BT1 4JY or through booksellers Price £2-75 net SBN 11 400208 8* PREFACE TO THE FIFTH EDITION When, in 1967, the Meteorological glossary came under consideration for reprinting, it was decided to ask Dr Mclntosh to undertake a revised edition, with co­ operation from within the Meteorological Office. The opportunity has been taken in this edition, to delete some terms which are considered no longer appropriate, and to include various new entries and revisions which stem from recent advances and practice. Units of the Systeme International have been adopted in this edition. In some cases, however, the traditional British or metric units are also included because of existing World Meteorological Organization recommendations and for the con­ venience of user interests during the period before complete national and inter­ national adoption of SI units. Meteorological Office, 1970. PREFACE TO THE FOURTH EDITION In 1916, during the directorship of Sir Napier Shaw, the Meteorological Office published two pocket-size companion volumes, the 'Weather map' to explain how weather maps were prepared and used by the forecasters, and the 'Meteorological glossary' to explain the technical meteorological terms then employed.
    [Show full text]
  • SANGO 2019 Memo
    SANGO 2019 Memo Correct answers are in red 1. Based on the population density map of China, it can be correctly inferred that: a. Western China is mountainous where subsistence agriculture is practiced. b. North-eastern China is a desert area dedicated to goat farming. c. Northern China is urbanized with significant industrial operations. d. Eastern China is dedicated to agricultural production on the floodplains. 2. Which of the four stages in the demographic transition model are considered “homeostatic” stages, that is, when the forces of demographic change are in equilibrium? a. Stages 1 and 3. b. Stage 3 and 4. c. Stages 2 and 3. d. Stages 1 and 4. 3. Which of the following strategies was identified by the 2004 United Nations International Conference on Population and Development as the most powerful approach for reducing the global population growth rate? a. Removing anti-contraception laws in conservative countries. b. Reducing vaccination rates. c. Empowering women in less-developed countries. d. Enforcing demographic growth rate targets. 4. At the centre of this relief map is the country of Iran. What type of landscape feature dominates the Iranian landscape? a. Floodplain. b. Plateau. c. Rift valley. d. Mesa. 5. The islands of the Pacific are home to some of the world’s first climate change refugees. This is primarily because of: a. Floods destroying agriculture. b. Tropical cyclones destroying infrastructure. c. Rising sea levels inundating habitable areas. d. Increasing ocean salinity causing fish die off. 6. The correct labels for the numbers 3, 6, 12, and 13 in this cross-section of a volcano are, in order: a.
    [Show full text]
  • Grade 12 Geography Climatology Answer Book
    SECONDARY SCHOOL IMPROVEMENT PROGRAMME (SSIP) 2019 REVISED GEOGRAPHY REVISED ANSWERBOOK CLIMATOLOGY ANSWER BOOK GRADE 12 TABLE OF CONTENTS SESSION TOPIC PAGE 1 MID-LATITUDE CYCLONE 2 TROPICAL CYCLONES 3 ANTICYCLONIC MOVEMENT OVER SA 4 MICROCLIMATE – VALLEY / URBAN CLIMATE AND WEATHER ANSWERS SESSION 1 - TOPIC 1: MID-LATITUDE CYCLONES ANSWERS FOR SECTION B: CAPS EXAM QUESTIONS ON MID-LATITUDE CYCLONES: CAPS QUESTIONS Midlatitude cyclone (November 2014) Answers 1.1. 1.1.1 Cyclone family (1)Family of depressions (1) 1.1.2.(a) showers warm air/sector cold r shape of front air/sector [ANY FOUR] (4 x 1) (4) (b) Decrease in temperature (2) Change in the wind direction (backing) (2) Heavy rainfall with thunder and lightning (2) Increase in air pressure (2) Increase in cloud cover (cumulonimbus clouds) (2) Increase in wind speed (2) Decrease in humidity (2) Possibility of snowfall (2) [ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2) 1.1.3. Weather conditions and reasons Air temperature: 27°C (2) Cold air descending from the high pressure warms adiabatically to create a high temperature on the surface (2) Dew point temperature: -12°C (2) Dry area/winter therefore less evaporation (2) Subsiding air reduces humidity (2) Wind direction: NW/WNW (2) Air diverging in an anticlockwise direction around the high pressure (2) Wind speed: 5 knots (2) Gentle pressure gradient (the isobars are far apart) (2) Cloud cover: (1/8) (2) Very little cloud cover as the area is dry and had low levels of moisture (2) Subsiding air heats up and does not condense (2) Low relative humidity (2) Precipitation No precipitation (2) Subsiding air does not condense (2) Limited cloud cover (2) Large difference between air temperature and dew point temperature (2) [ANY TWO WEATHER CONDITIONS AND REASONS] (4 x 2) (8) 2015 Feb 2.1 2.1.1.
    [Show full text]
  • Compendium on Tropical Meteorology for Aviation Purposes
    Compendium on Tropical Meteorology for Aviation Purposes 2020 edition WEATHER CLIMATE WATER CLIMATE WEATHER WMO-No. 930 Compendium on Tropical Meteorology for Aviation Purposes 2020 edition WMO-No. 930 EDITORIAL NOTE METEOTERM, the WMO terminology database, may be consulted at https://public.wmo.int/en/ meteoterm. Readers who copy hyperlinks by selecting them in the text should be aware that additional spaces may appear immediately following http://, https://, ftp://, mailto:, and after slashes (/), dashes (-), periods (.) and unbroken sequences of characters (letters and numbers). These spaces should be removed from the pasted URL. The correct URL is displayed when hovering over the link or when clicking on the link and then copying it from the browser. WMO-No. 930 © World Meteorological Organization, 2020 The right of publication in print, electronic and any other form and in any language is reserved by WMO. Short extracts from WMO publications may be reproduced without authorization, provided that the complete source is clearly indicated. Editorial correspondence and requests to publish, reproduce or translate this publication in part or in whole should be addressed to: Chair, Publications Board World Meteorological Organization (WMO) 7 bis, avenue de la Paix Tel.: +41 (0) 22 730 84 03 P.O. Box 2300 Fax: +41 (0) 22 730 81 17 CH-1211 Geneva 2, Switzerland Email: [email protected] ISBN 978-92-63-10930-9 NOTE The designations employed in WMO publications and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of WMO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.
    [Show full text]
  • (Ssip) 2019 Geography
    SECONDARY SCHOOL IMPROVEMENT PROGRAMME (SSIP) 2019 GEOGRAPHY REVISED LEARNER NOTES SESSION 1: CLIMATOLOGY GRADE 12 G E O G R A P H Y - F I R S T P A P E R How to achieve 30% Add this to achieve 60% Add this to achieve 70%+ MIDLATITUDE CYCLONES ADD THE FOLLOWING ADD THE FOLLOWING General characteristics MIDLATITUDE CYCLONES MIDLATITUDE CYCLONES Cold front weather changes Areas where formed Conditions for formation C Identify stages and reasons Weather associated with cold Weather associated with cold, TROPICAL CYCLONES and warm fronts warm and occluded fronts L General characteristics TROPICAL CYCLONES Cross sections: cold, warm and I Identify stages and reasons Areas where formed occluded fronts M SUBTROPICAL ANTICYCLONES Conditions for formation TROPICAL CYCLONES A 3 high pressure cells (location) SUB-TROPICAL ANTI- Associated weather patterns T Formation: line thunderstorms CYCLONES SUB-TROPICAL ANTI- South African berg winds Influence-high pressure cells CYCLONES E VALLEY CLIMATES VALLEY CLIMATES Coastal low pressures Aspect (which slope is warmer) Frost pockets radiation fog Anabatic/katabatic winds Influence on farming and Inversions settlements URBAN CLIMATES URBAN CLIMATES Why are cities warmer? Strategies to reduce heat islands Definitions: heat island and pollution domes DRAINAGE SYSTEMS ADD THE FOLLOWING ADD THE FOLLOWING G ALL concepts DRAINAGE SYSTEMS FLUVIAL PROCESSES E Drainage patterns (all) Types of rivers River grading Laminar and turbulent flow Drainage density (high/low) Superimposed
    [Show full text]
  • Senior Secondary Intervention Programme 2013
    SENIOR SECONDARY INTERVENTION PROGRAMME 2013 GRADE 12 GEOGRAPHY LEARNER NOTES The SSIP is supported by TABLE OF CONTENTS TEACHER NOTES SESSION TOPIC PAGE 1 Topic 1. Climate and weather SA and the world: change in energy balance – the development of winds and global circulation 3 - 25 Topic 2. Secondary and tertiary circulation 2 Topic 1. Mid-latitude cyclones 26 - 51 Topic 2.. Tropical cyclones 3 Topic 1. Factors that influence SA weather Topic 2. Travelling disturbances 52 - 85 Topic 3. Climate change and climate hazards 4 Topic 1. Map work multiple-choice questions Topic 2. Map projections 86 - 116 Topic 3. Geographic information systems 5 Topic 1.River systems and river system management 117 - 139 Topic 2. River capture and river profiles 6 Topic 1. Fluvial landforms, catchment and river management, slopes and mass movement 140 - 158 Topic 2. Map calculations 7 Topic 1. Structural land forms 159 - 175 Topic 2. Map interpretation climate / geomorphology Page 2 of 175 GAUTENG DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SENIOR SECONDARY INTERVENTION PROGRAMME GEOGRAPHY GRADE 12 SESSION 1 (TEACHER NOTES) TOPIC 1: CLIMATE AND WEATHER SA AND THE WORLD: CHANGE IN ENERGY BALANCE – THE DEVELOPMENT OF WINDS AND GLOBAL CIRCULATION Teacher Note: It is very important that the learners understand the content in this topic. They must be able to link back to it when they do cyclones and South African weather later on. The global circulation sketch must be emphasised and all learners must be able to draw it, label it fully and explain the processes illustrated on it. LESSON OVERVIEW Spend most time on Topic 1 as Topic 2 only rarely appears in the exams.
    [Show full text]
  • An Investigation Into the Use of Weather Type Models
    AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE USE OF WEATHER TYPE MODELS IN THE TEACHING OF SOUTH AFRICAN CLIMATOLOGY AT SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL LEVEL HALF - THESIS Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF EDUCATION of Rhodes University by LEON SCHuRMANN January 1992 ii DECLARATION I declare that this dissertation describes my original work and has not been submitted for a degree at any other university . LEON SCHuRMANN iii ABSTRACT The synoptic chart encodes climatological and meteorological information in a highly abstract manner. The pupil's level of cognitive development, the nature of the syllabus and the teaching strategies employed by the geography teacher influence the pupil's conceptualisation of information. The synoptic chart is a valuable tool for consolidating the content of the S.A climatology syllabus. Recent research has established that climatology-meteorology, and especially synoptic chart reading and interpretation, is difficult for the concrete thinker. These pupils find difficulty in visualising the weather processes and systems. Provided that they are simple and clear, models are useful teaching devices that integrate and generalise information in a manner that is easily retrievable. The intention of the author is to provide weather type models and other supporting strategies and aids as a means to improve the senior secondary pupil's assimilation of southern African c l imatologic al-meteorological information. This mode l -based appr oach is tested in the classr oom using an action research framework to judge its efficacy. Conclus ions are drawn and recommendations are made. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to express my sincere appreciation to my supervisor, Miss U.A.
    [Show full text]
  • Bibliography
    The AAG John Russell Mather and Sandra Pritchard Mather Climatology Knowledge Environment Bibliography The document is organized in reverse chronological order. Use the Bookmarks menu to navigate to each year. Entries are listed alphabetically by last name within each section. Last update: August 2012 For more recent information since this date, please go to http://community.aag.org/cke 2012 Kahan, Dan M., Ellen Peters, Maggie Wittlin, Paul Slovic, Lisa Larrimore Ouellette, Donald Braman, and Gregory Mandel. 2012. “The Polarizing Impact of Science and Literacy and Numeracy on Perceived Climate Change Risks.” Nature Climate Change. http://www.nature.com/nclimate/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/ nclimate1547.html. McKibben, Bill. 2012. The Global Warming Reader: a Century of Writing About Climate Change. New York: Penguin Books. Ornstein, Norman J., Michael Oppenheimer, and Jon A. Krosnick. 2012. “Climate Policy: Public Perception, Science, and the Political Landscape” 902 Hart Building. Rosenzweig, Cynthia, Cesar Izarrald, Paul Gepts, and Gerald Nelson. 2012. “Climate Change and Agriculture: Food and Farming in a Changing Climate” 328A Senate Russell & 2318 Rayburn House. Titley, David, Jeffrey Mazo, and Paul Higgins. 2012. “Climate Change & National Security” 2212 Rayburn. The AAG John Russell Mather and Sandra Pritchard Mather Climatology Knowledge Environment http://community.aag.org/CKE 2011 Abeysirigunawardena, D.S., D.J. Smith, and B. Taylor. 2011. “Extreme Sea Surge Responses to Climate Variability in Coastal British Columbia, Canada.” Annals of the Association of American Geographers 101: 992–1010. Anon. 2011a. National Action Plan: Priorities for Managing Freshwater Resources in a Changing Climate. Action Plan. Interagency Climate Change Adaptation Task Force. ———. 2011b.
    [Show full text]
  • Meteorological Glossary
    FOR LOAN Met. O. 985 METEOROLOGICAL OFFICE Meteorological Glossary Sixth edition LONDON: HMSO UDC 551.6(02): 551.501.1 3 8078 0001 4455 2 ) Crown copyright 1991 Applications for reproduction should be made to HMSO First published 1916 Sixth edition 1991 ISBN 0 11 400363 7 HMSO publications are available from: HMSO Publications Centre (Mail and telephone orders only) PO Box 276, London, SW8 5DT Telephone orders 071-873 9090 General enquiries 071-873 0011 (queuing system in operation for both numbers) HMSO Bookshops 49 High Holborn, London, WC1V 6HB 071-873 0011 (Counter service only) 258 Broad Street, Birmingham, Bl 2HE 021-643 3740 Southey House, 33 Wine Street, Bristol, BS1 2BQ (0272) 264306 9-21 Princess Street, Manchester, M60 8AS 061-834 7201 80 Chichester Street, Belfast, BT1 4JY (0232) 238451 71 Lothian Road, Edinburgh, EH3 9AZ 031-228 4181 HMSO's Accredited Agents (see Yellow Pages) and through good booksellers FOREWORD In preparing this new addition I have attempted to correct all the misprints and other minor errors in the last printing of the fifth edition, to revise entries in the light of recent advances where this seemed appropriate, and to include the new terms introduced since the last edition that a meteorologist might encounter in the scientific and technical meteorological and climatological literature, apart from those used only by a handful of expert specialists. In the execution of this task I am glad to acknowledge the generous help of many of my former colleagues at Bracknell and the outstations who have provided critical comments on the entries in the old edition and suggested many new items for inclusion (often supplied with suitable wording).
    [Show full text]