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Part II Specialized Studies Chapter Vi
Part II Specialized Studies chapter vi New Sites and Lingering Questions at the Debert and Belmont Sites, Nova Scotia Leah Morine Rosenmeier, Scott Buchanan, Ralph Stea, and Gordon Brewster ore than forty years ago the Debert site exca- presents a model for the depositional history of the site vations signaled a new standard for interdisci- area, including two divergent scenarios for the origins of the Mplinary approaches to the investigation of late cultural materials at the sites. We believe the expanded areal Pleistocene archaeological sites. The resulting excavations extent of the complex, the nature of past excavations, and produced a record that continues to anchor northeastern the degree of site preservation place the Debert- Belmont Paleoindian sites (MacDonald 1968). The Confederacy of complex among the largest, best- documented, and most Mainland Mi’kmaq (the Confederacy) has been increasingly intact Paleoindian sites in North America. involved with the protection and management of the site The new fi nds and recent research have resolved some complex since the discovery of the Belmont I and II sites in long- standing issues, but they have also created new debates. the late 1980s (Bernard et al. 2011; Julien et al. 2008). The Understanding the relative chronologies of the numerous data reported here are the result of archaeological testing site areas and the consequent relationship among the sites associated with these protection eff orts, the development of requires not only understanding depositional contexts for the Mi’kmawey Debert Cultural Centre (MDCC), and the single occupations but tying together varied contexts (rede- passage of new provincial regulations solely dedicated to pro- posited, disturbed, glaciofl uvial, glaciolacustrine, Holocene tecting archaeological sites in the Debert and Belmont area. -
Air Masses and Fronts
CHAPTER 4 AIR MASSES AND FRONTS Temperature, in the form of heating and cooling, contrasts and produces a homogeneous mass of air. The plays a key roll in our atmosphere’s circulation. energy supplied to Earth’s surface from the Sun is Heating and cooling is also the key in the formation of distributed to the air mass by convection, radiation, and various air masses. These air masses, because of conduction. temperature contrast, ultimately result in the formation Another condition necessary for air mass formation of frontal systems. The air masses and frontal systems, is equilibrium between ground and air. This is however, could not move significantly without the established by a combination of the following interplay of low-pressure systems (cyclones). processes: (1) turbulent-convective transport of heat Some regions of Earth have weak pressure upward into the higher levels of the air; (2) cooling of gradients at times that allow for little air movement. air by radiation loss of heat; and (3) transport of heat by Therefore, the air lying over these regions eventually evaporation and condensation processes. takes on the certain characteristics of temperature and The fastest and most effective process involved in moisture normal to that region. Ultimately, air masses establishing equilibrium is the turbulent-convective with these specific characteristics (warm, cold, moist, transport of heat upwards. The slowest and least or dry) develop. Because of the existence of cyclones effective process is radiation. and other factors aloft, these air masses are eventually subject to some movement that forces them together. During radiation and turbulent-convective When these air masses are forced together, fronts processes, evaporation and condensation contribute in develop between them. -
Can Preferred Atmospheric Circulation Patterns Over the North-Atlantic-Eurasian Region Be Associated with Arctic Sea Ice Title Loss?
Can preferred atmospheric circulation patterns over the North-Atlantic-Eurasian region be associated with arctic sea ice Title loss? Author(s) Crasemann, Berit; Handorf, Doerthe; Jaiser, Ralf; Dethloff, Klaus; Nakamura, Tetsu; Ukita, Jinro; Yamazaki, Koji Polar Science, 14, 9-20 Citation https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polar.2017.09.002 Issue Date 2017-12 Doc URL http://hdl.handle.net/2115/68177 © 2017, Elsevier. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license Rights http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Rights(URL) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Type article File Information 1-s2.0-S1873965217300580-main.pdf Instructions for use Hokkaido University Collection of Scholarly and Academic Papers : HUSCAP Polar Science 14 (2017) 9e20 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Polar Science journal homepage: https://www.evise.com/profile/#/JRNL_POLAR/login Can preferred atmospheric circulation patterns over the North- Atlantic-Eurasian region be associated with arctic sea ice loss? * Berit Crasemann a,Dorthe€ Handorf a, , Ralf Jaiser a, Klaus Dethloff a, Tetsu Nakamura b, Jinro Ukita c, Koji Yamazaki b a Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Potsdam, Germany b Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan c Niigata University, Niigata, Japan article info abstract Article history: In the framework of atmospheric circulation regimes, we study whether the recent Arctic sea ice loss and Received 19 May 2017 Arctic Amplification are associated with changes in the frequency of occurrence of preferred atmospheric Received in revised form circulation patterns during the extended winter season from December to March. -
The Leadership Issue
SUMMER 2017 NON PROFIT ORG. U.S. POSTAGE PAID ROLAND PARK COUNTRY SCHOOL connections BALTIMORE, MD 5204 Roland Avenue THE MAGAZINE OF ROLAND PARK COUNTRY SCHOOL Baltimore, MD 21210 PERMIT NO. 3621 connections THE ROLAND PARK COUNTRY SCHOOL COUNTRY PARK ROLAND SUMMER 2017 LEADERSHIP ISSUE connections ROLAND AVE. TO WALL ST. PAGE 6 INNOVATION MASTER PAGE 12 WE ARE THE ROSES PAGE 16 ADENA TESTA FRIEDMAN, 1987 FROM THE HEAD OF SCHOOL Dear Roland Park Country School Community, Leadership. A cornerstone of our programming here at Roland Park Country School. Since we feel so passionately about this topic we thought it was fitting to commence our first themed issue of Connections around this important facet of our connections teaching and learning environment. In all divisions and across all ages here at Roland Park Country School — and life beyond From Roland Avenue to Wall Street graduation — leadership is one of the connecting, lasting 06 President and CEO of Nasdaq, Adena Testa Friedman, 1987 themes that spans the past, present, and future lives of our (cover) reflects on her time at RPCS community members. Joe LePain, Innovation Master The range of leadership experiences reflected in this issue of Get to know our new Director of Information and Innovation Connections indicates a key understanding we have about the 12 education we provide at RPCS: we are intentional about how we create leadership opportunities for our students of today — and We Are The Roses for the ever-changing world of tomorrow. We want our students 16 20 years. 163 Roses. One Dance. to have the skills they need to be successful in the future. -
(NSF) Directorate of Geosciences
NSF Proposal accepted for funding March 22, 2007 Target Program: National Science Foundation (NSF) Directorate of Geosciences (GEO): Division of Earth Sciences (EAR): Sedimentary Geology and Paleobiology (SGP) Program – proposal submitted July 16, 2006 – proposal accepted for funding March 22, 2007 Title: Consolidation and Calibration of the New England Varve Chronology (NEVC): An Annual Continental Record of Ice Dynamics and Terrestrial Change, 18-11.5 kyr BP John C. Ridge 617-627-3494 or 617-627-2890 Dept. of Geology [email protected] Tufts University Medford, MA 02155 1 1. Project Summary Intellectual merit. Rapid climate change events during deglaciation are closely linked to ice sheet, ocean, and atmosphere interactions. Understanding these interactions requires high resolution comparisons of climate and continental ice dynamics. Although general patterns of Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS) variation have been discerned, they are not continuously resolved at a sub-century scale. This lack of continuous, high-resolution terrestrial glacial chronologies with accurate radiometric controls continues to be a limiting factor in understanding deglacial climate. Such records, especially from the southeastern sector of the LIS, can provide critical comparisons to N. Atlantic climate records (marine and ice core) and a rigorous test of hypotheses linking glacial activity to climate change. Consolidation of the New England Varve Chronology (NEVC), and development of its records of glacier dynamics and terrestrial change, is a rare opportunity to formulate a complete, annual-scale terrestrial chronology from 18-11.5 kyr BP. Glacial varve deposition, which is linked to glacial meltwater discharge, can be used to monitor ice sheet ablation and has a direct tie to glacier mass balance and climate. -
Bildnachweis
Bildnachweis Im Bildnachweis verwendete Abkürzungen: With permission from the Geological Society of Ame- rica l – links; m – Mitte; o – oben; r – rechts; u – unten 4.65; 6.52; 6.183; 8.7 Bilder ohne Nachweisangaben stammen vom Autor. Die Autoren der Bildquellen werden in den Bildunterschriften With permission from the Society for Sedimentary genannt; die bibliographischen Angaben sind in der Literaturlis- Geology (SEPM) te aufgeführt. Viele Autoren/Autorinnen und Verlage/Institutio- 6.2ul; 6.14; 6.16 nen haben ihre Einwilligung zur Reproduktion von Abbildungen gegeben. Dafür sei hier herzlich gedankt. Für die nachfolgend With permission from the American Association for aufgeführten Abbildungen haben ihre Zustimmung gegeben: the Advancement of Science (AAAS) Box Eisbohrkerne Dr; 2.8l; 2.8r; 2.13u; 2.29; 2.38l; Box Die With permission from Elsevier Hockey-Stick-Diskussion B; 4.65l; 4.53; 4.88mr; Box Tuning 2.64; 3.5; 4.6; 4.9; 4.16l; 4.22ol; 4.23; 4.40o; 4.40u; 4.50; E; 5.21l; 5.49; 5.57; 5.58u; 5.61; 5.64l; 5.64r; 5.68; 5.86; 4.70ul; 4.70ur; 4.86; 4.88ul; Box Tuning A; 4.95; 4.96; 4.97; 5.99; 5.100l; 5.100r; 5.118; 5.119; 5.123; 5.125; 5.141; 5.158r; 4.98; 5.12; 5.14r; 5.23ol; 5.24l; 5.24r; 5.25; 5.54r; 5.55; 5.56; 5.167l; 5.167r; 5.177m; 5.177u; 5.180; 6.43r; 6.86; 6.99l; 6.99r; 5.65; 5.67; 5.70; 5.71o; 5.71ul; 5.71um; 5.72; 5.73; 5.77l; 5.79o; 6.144; 6.145; 6.148; 6.149; 6.160; 6.162; 7.18; 7.19u; 7.38; 5.80; 5.82; 5.88; 5.94; 5.94ul; 5.95; 5.108l; 5.111l; 5.116; 5.117; 7.40ur; 8.19; 9.9; 9.16; 9.17; 10.8 5.126; 5.128u; 5.147o; 5.147u; -
Fossil Fuels
Gonzaga Debate Institute 1 Warming Core Warming Bad Gonzaga Debate Institute 2 Warming Core ***Science Debate*** Gonzaga Debate Institute 3 Warming Core Warming Real – Generic Warming real - consensus Brooks 12 - Staff writer, KQED news (Jon, staff writer, KQED news, citing Craig Miller, environmental scientist, 5/3/12, "Is Climate Change Real? For the Thousandth Time, Yes," KQED News, http://blogs.kqed.org/newsfix/2012/05/03/is- climate-change-real-for-the-thousandth-time-yes/) BROOKS: So what are the organizations that say climate change is real? MILLER: Virtually ever major, credible scientific organization in the world. It’s not just the UN’s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Organizations like the National Academy of Sciences, the American Geophysical Union, the American Association for the Advancement of Science. And that's echoed in most countries around the world. All of the most credible, most prestigious scientific organizations accept the fundamental findings of the IPCC. The last comprehensive report from the IPCC, based on research, came out in 2007. And at that time, they said in this report, which is known as AR-4, that there is "very high confidence" that the net effect of human activities since 1750 has been one of warming. Scientists are very careful, unusually careful, about how they put things. But then they say "very likely," or "very high confidence," they’re talking 90%. BROOKS: So it’s not 100%? MILLER: In the realm of science; there’s virtually never 100% certainty about anything. You know, as someone once pointed out, gravity is a theory. BROOKS: Gravity is testable, though.. -
Geography P1 November 2019 Marking Guidelines
NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 12 GEOGRAPHY P1 NOVEMBER 2019 MARKING GUIDELINES MARKS: 225 These marking guidelines consist of 26 pages. Copyright reserved Please turn over Geography/P1 2 DBE/November 2019 NSC – Marking Guidelines Marking Guidelines The following marking guidelines have been developed to standardise marking in all provinces. Marking • ALL selected questions MUST be marked, irrespective of whether it is correct or incorrect • Candidates are expected to make a choice of THREE questions to answer. If all questions are answered, ONLY the first three questions are marked. • A clear, neat tick must be used: o If ONE mark is allocated, ONE tick must be used: o If TWO marks are allocated, TWO ticks must be used: o The tick must be placed at the FACT that a mark is being allocated for o Ticks must be kept SMALL, as various layers of moderation may take place • Incorrect answers must be marked with a clear, neat cross: o Use MORE than one cross across a paragraph/discussion style questions to indicate that all facts have been considered o Do NOT draw a line through an incorrect answer o Do NOT underline the incorrect facts • Where the maximum marks have been allocated in the first few sentences of a paragraph, place an M over the remainder of the text to indicate the maximum marks have been achieved For the following action words, ONE word answers are acceptable: give, list, name, state, identify For the following action words, a FULL sentence must be written: describe, explain, evaluate, analyse, suggest, differentiate, -
Study & Master Geography Grade 12 Teacher's Guide
Ge0graphy CAPS Grade Teacher’s Guide Helen Collett • Norma Catherine Winearls Peter J Holmes 12 SM_Geography_12_TG_CAPS_ENG.indd 1 2013/06/11 6:21 PM Study & Master Geography Grade 12 Teacher’s Guide Helen Collett • Norma Catherine Winearls • Peter J Holmes SM_Geography_12_TG_TP_CAPS_ENGGeog Gr 12 TG.indb 1 BW.indd 1 2013/06/116/11/13 7:13:30 6:09 PMPM CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo, Delhi, Mexico City Cambridge University Press The Water Club, Beach Road, Granger Bay, Cape Town 8005, South Africa www.cup.co.za © Cambridge University Press 2013 This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published 2013 ISBN 978-1-107-38162-9 Editor: Barbara Hutton Proofreader: Anthea Johnstone Artists: Sue Abraham and Peter Holmes Typesetter: Brink Publishing & Design Cover image: Gallo Images/Wolfgang Poelzer/Getty Images ………………………………………………......…………………………………………………………… ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Photographs: Peter Holmes: pp. 267, 271, 273 and 274 Maps: Chief Directorate: National Geo-spatial Information: Department of Rural Development and Land Reform: pp. 189, 233–235 and 284–289 ………………………………………………......…………………………………………………………… Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. Information regarding prices, travel timetables and other factual information given in this work are correct at the time of first printing but Cambridge University Press does not guarantee the accuracy of such information thereafter. -
93 October ___February
MARCH1935 MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW 93 TABLE2.-Average hourly values of daytime radiation measitred in gram calories per square centimeter on a horizontal surface. Scrippa Znsti- tzttion of Oceanography, La Jolla, July 1, 1934-July 1, 1934 I Hour ending at- I A. hf. Noon I P. M. i 11 ~- 61' or. cal. gr. cal. gr. col. gr. cal. gr. col. gr. cnl. gr. cal. gr. cal gr. cal. gr. cal. or. ca1. January- .............................. ......... 3.5 I 14.1 35. 0 39.7 28.2 17.3 e.7 0.4 __-_______ February .............................. n. 3 5. 4 15.5 35.4 40.4 41.0 39.2 34.2 23.8 11.6 2.2 0.1 March................................. 2. 5 44.6 49.7 61.6 48.1 42. 0 31.0 16.5 4.9 .a April ......................... 1.0 6.4 61. 6 67.2 56.9 52.8 46.2 35.2 20.4 8.0 .8 May.......................... 2.0 9. ,6 53. 3 60.7 61.6 56. 1 48.3 38.3 24.2 10.8 1.8 June.......................... 2.3 8.i 17.4 3.9 49. i 66. 1 58.6 54.6 48.3 39.3 26.0 12. 4 27 July ____________ _____________ 1.6 6.5 15.1 27.3 48.3 64.3 54.9 51. 2 44.8 35. 5 22. 7 11. 1 2. 5 August----.---.----.--------- .9 5.9 15.2 25.9 46. 2 51.9 52.3 48.9 41. 9 82.2 19.6 8.3 .8 September ____ __ _____ __ - - - - __ . -
Class of 1971 Viking Update
ST. OLAF COLLEGE Class of 1971 – PRESENTS – The Viking Update in celebration of its 50th Reunion Autobiographies and Remembrances stolaf.edu 1520 St. Olaf Avenue, Northfield, MN 55057 Advancement Division 800-776-6523 Student Project Manager Genevieve Hoover ’22 Student Editors Teresa Fawsett ’22 Grace Klinefelter ’23 Student Designers Inna Sahakyan ’23 50th Reunion Staff Members Ellen Draeger Cattadoris ’07 Olivia Snover ’19 Cheri Floren Printing Park Printing Inc., Minneapolis, MN Disclaimer: The views and opinions expressed in the Viking Update are those of the individual alumni and do not reflect the official policy or position of St. Olaf College. Biographies are not fact-checked for accuracy. 4 CLASS OF 1971 REUNION COMMITTEE REUNION CO-CHAIRS Sally Olson Bracken and Ted Johnson COMMUNICATIONS GIFT COMMITTEE PROGRAM COMMITTEE COMMITTEE CO-CHAIRS CO-CHAIRS CO-CHAIRS Jane Ranzenberger Goldstein Susan Myhre Hayes Natalie Larsen Gehringer Kris Yung Walseth Gudrun Anderson Witrak Mark Hollabaugh Philip Yeagle COMMUNICATIONS GIFT COMMITTEE PROGRAM COMMITTEE COMMITTEE Jane Ranzenberger Goldstein Susan Myhre Hayes Natalie Larsen Gehringer Kris Yung Walseth Gudrun Anderson Witrak Mark Hollabaugh Philip Yeagle Mary Ellen Andersen Bonnie Ohrlund Ericson Sylvia Flo Anshus Barbara Anshus Battenberg Bob Freed Paul Burnett Beth Minear Cavert Michael Garland Robert Chamberlin Kathryn Hosmer Doutt Bob Gehringer Diane Lindgren Forsythe Ann Williams Garwick William Grimbol Dale Gasch John Hager Janice Burnham Haemig Christina Glasoe Mike Holmquist -
Weather & Climate
Traveling Science Workshops Weather & Climate: Liquids and Solids Observing, Predicting, and Responding to Weather Weather & Climate Humans design and create all kinds of things in response to weather and climate. From houses we live in, to the clothing and shoes we wear, to the kinds of outdoor games we play, weather and climate influence how we live, dress, play, and travel. Questions like: Will it be warm enough for us to go swimming this weekend? Should I build my house with a flat or sloping roof if I live in snowy New England? Will I need a raincoat when I walk my dog today? Should I pack my sled if I am moving to Arizona? all consider issues related to weather and climate. Although the words weather and climate both deal with what is happening outside, they each have different meanings and are useful to know about for different reasons. Weather describes what is happening in the atmosphere right now or in the very near future. It helps us plan our activities for today. Climate describes what atmospheric conditions are typical for a certain place throughout the year and is based on observations of the weather made over 30 or more years. Climate helps us determine our yearly wardrobe or when we should start planting our garden each spring. To know what the weather is right now, you can look out the window and see what is happening. You can even learn to make observations and collect data today that will help you predict what tomorrow’s weather might be.