The Letters of St. Paul [Lecture Notes]
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Events of the Reformation Part 1 – Church Becomes Powerful Institution
May 20, 2018 Events of the Reformation Protestants and Roman Catholics agree on first 5 centuries. What changed? Why did some in the Church want reform by the 16th century? Outline Why the Reformation? 1. Church becomes powerful institution. 2. Additional teaching and practices were added. 3. People begin questioning the Church. 4. Martin Luther’s protest. Part 1 – Church Becomes Powerful Institution Evidence of Rome’s power grab • In 2nd century we see bishops over regions; people looked to them for guidance. • Around 195AD there was dispute over which day to celebrate Passover (14th Nissan vs. Sunday) • Polycarp said 14th Nissan, but now Victor (Bishop of Rome) liked Sunday. • A council was convened to decide, and they decided on Sunday. • But bishops of Asia continued the Passover on 14th Nissan. • Eusebius wrote what happened next: “Thereupon Victor, who presided over the church at Rome, immediately attempted to cut off from the common unity the parishes of all Asia, with the churches that agreed with them, as heterodox [heretics]; and he wrote letters and declared all the brethren there wholly excommunicate.” (Eus., Hist. eccl. 5.24.9) Everyone started looking to Rome to settle disputes • Rome was always ending up on the winning side in their handling of controversial topics. 1 • So through a combination of the fact that Rome was the most important city in the ancient world and its bishop was always right doctrinally then everyone started looking to Rome. • So Rome took that power and developed it into the Roman Catholic Church by the 600s. Church granted power to rule • Constantine gave the pope power to rule over Italy, Jerusalem, Constantinople and Alexandria. -
A Christian Approach to Literary Criticism: a Non- Moralistic View
A CHRISTIAN APPROACH TO LITERARY CRITICISM: A NON- MORALISTIC VIEW W. G .J. PretorÍUS M. A.-student, Department o f English. PU for CHE The common question: “Is a Christian approach to literary criticism feasible?” may be more profitably reformulated as: “How should a Christian approach to literary criticism be?”. It is clearly not a matter of the possibility of such an approach, but a challenge of formulating a new critical theory. “What could be simpler and easier than to say what a work of art is, whether it is good or bad, and why it is so?” (Olson, 1976, p. 307). The problem of value judgments in literary criticism, contrary to Olson’s view, has proved to be the most complex of all literary problems throughout the history of criticism. It is also thi central issue underlying the distinction between different approaches to literatur The formalist critic is traditionally reticent about value judgments and con centrates upon close reading of texts and implicit evaluation. Contemporary formalists, however, tend to move away from the ideal of critical objectivity On the other hand, the moralist critic is primarily concerned with the purpose of the literary work. In Naaldekoker, D. J. Opperman seriously doubts the possibility of a Calvinist approach to art, which he regards as a contradictio in terminis (pp. 61-63). I shall attempt in this essay to show that there is a valid literary criticism which is neither exclusively based on aesthetic judgment, nor an attempt to subordinate literature to religion in a moralistic way, and that such criticism originates from a C hristian vision o f life. -
Earth Angels Free Edition-0001.Pdf
T T: DEMONIC INVESTIGATOR BOOK FOUR EARTH ANGELS UNLEASHED By Terry Ulick Renegade Company Media © Copyright 2021 with Library of Congress by Terry Ulick ISBN: 978-1-7353192-6-1 Print Edition ISBN: 978-1-7353192-7-8 Electronic Edition Disclaimer: This is a work of fiction, drawn entirely from the imagination of the author. Characters, dialogue, events, locations, and situations are all entirely fictional. Characters are not drawn upon or intended to represent any persons living or dead. Any resemblance to actual events or people is unintentional and entirely coincidental. Proofing and Editing: This book series is exactly as written on an iPhone using the MS Word app, one finger at a time using only the spell checker. That is a critical part of the story. This book has retained the files, as written, and did not go through a separate party to change anything written. Please accept errors in punctuation and style. The book remains the result of pure inspiration, letting the original flow of ideas be seen by the reader. The author beleives the errors are clues to be preserved. What you see is actual inspiration without conventional authoring. It is as it was at the time of writing and has not been changed from that moment. First printing: March 2021 by Renegade Company Media Renegade Company Media is owned by Renegade Company LLC Type: Text is Garamond Pro, 12 point. Book designed and presented by: Terry Ulick Published by: Renegade Company Media PO Box 271193 Littleton, CO 80127 www.renegadecompany.com 2 T: DEMONIC INVESTIGATOR BOOK FOUR EARTH ANGELS UNLEASHED Adult Content Warning: Reader Discretion Strongly Advised. -
The Book of Common Prayer
The Book of Common Prayer and Administration of the Sacraments and Other Rites and Ceremonies of the Church Together with The Psalter or Psalms of David According to the use of The Episcopal Church Church Publishing Incorporated, New York Certificate I certify that this edition of The Book of Common Prayer has been compared with a certified copy of the Standard Book, as the Canon directs, and that it conforms thereto. Gregory Michael Howe Custodian of the Standard Book of Common Prayer January, 2007 Table of Contents The Ratification of the Book of Common Prayer 8 The Preface 9 Concerning the Service of the Church 13 The Calendar of the Church Year 15 The Daily Office Daily Morning Prayer: Rite One 37 Daily Evening Prayer: Rite One 61 Daily Morning Prayer: Rite Two 75 Noonday Prayer 103 Order of Worship for the Evening 108 Daily Evening Prayer: Rite Two 115 Compline 127 Daily Devotions for Individuals and Families 137 Table of Suggested Canticles 144 The Great Litany 148 The Collects: Traditional Seasons of the Year 159 Holy Days 185 Common of Saints 195 Various Occasions 199 The Collects: Contemporary Seasons of the Year 211 Holy Days 237 Common of Saints 246 Various Occasions 251 Proper Liturgies for Special Days Ash Wednesday 264 Palm Sunday 270 Maundy Thursday 274 Good Friday 276 Holy Saturday 283 The Great Vigil of Easter 285 Holy Baptism 299 The Holy Eucharist An Exhortation 316 A Penitential Order: Rite One 319 The Holy Eucharist: Rite One 323 A Penitential Order: Rite Two 351 The Holy Eucharist: Rite Two 355 Prayers of the People -
Christian Communication and Its Impact on Korean Society : Past, Present and Future Soon Nim Lee University of Wollongong
University of Wollongong Thesis Collections University of Wollongong Thesis Collection University of Wollongong Year Christian communication and its impact on Korean society : past, present and future Soon Nim Lee University of Wollongong Lee, Soon Nim, Christian communication and its impact on Korean society : past, present and future, Doctor of Philosphy thesis, School of Journalism and Creative Writing - Faculty of Creative Arts, University of Wollongong, 2009. http://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/3051 This paper is posted at Research Online. Christian Communication and Its Impact on Korean Society: Past, Present and Future Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Wollongong Soon Nim Lee Faculty of Creative Arts School of Journalism & Creative writing October 2009 i CERTIFICATION I, Soon Nim, Lee, declare that this thesis, submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of Doctor of Philosophy, in the Department of Creative Arts and Writings (School of Journalism), University of Wollongong, is wholly my own work unless otherwise referenced or acknowledged. The document has not been submitted for qualifications at any other academic institution. Soon Nim, Lee 18 March 2009. i Table of Contents Certification i Table of Contents ii List of Tables vii Abstract viii Acknowledgements x Chapter 1: Introduction 1 Chapter 2: Christianity awakens the sleeping Hangeul 12 Introduction 12 2.1 What is the Hangeul? 12 2.2 Praise of Hangeul by Christian missionaries -
Fourteenth Sunday After Pentecost September 6, 2020
Traditional Worship Servant Leaders: Saturday 5pm (Indoor)* Senior Pastor: Scott Kruse Sunday 8am (Indoor)* Associate Pastor: Luke Anderson Associate Pastor of Care Ministry: Contemporary Worship Timothy Maschke Sunday 9:30am (Indoor)* Pastor Emeritus: Larry Prahl Pastor Emeritus: John Suelflow Blended Worship Pastor Emeritus: Kenton Wendorf Sunday 11am (Outdoor) Principal: Michael Yurk *Masks Required Director of Music: Valerie Bremer Director of Christian Ed: Kimberly Butz splgrafton.org Fourteenth Sunday After Pentecost September 6, 2020 AS WE GATHER St. Paul’s words in the epistle lesson for this week affirm something fairly easy to understand. Yet, as we look around on this Labor Day weekend, many citizens find his words disturbing, or at least not always applicable. Understanding our place in God’s kingdom will give us a greater appreciation of the distinction between the two realms of God’s rule—or as Martin Luther called them, “the two kingdoms.” Welcome! We are glad you are worshiping today! Fellowship: We miss connecting with you, but at this time no refreshments will be available. Holy Communion: Celebrated in all Worship Services on the first & third weekends each month. PowerPoint Volunteers: To serve for future services, please sign up at: signup.com/go/MhoyMCP Please sign up in advance. TRADITIONAL WORSHIP SERVICE—Saturday, 5pm & Sunday, 8am PRE-SERVICE MUSIC RINGING OF BELLS AND LIGHTING OF CANDLES OPENING HYMN “Before You, Lord, We Bow” LSB 966 St. 1-3 1 Before You, Lord, we bow, Our God who reigns above And rules the world below, Boundless in pow’r and love. Our thanks we bring In joy and praise, Our hearts we raise To You, our King! 2 The nation You have blest May well Your love declare, From foes and fears at rest, Protected by Your care. -
Samuel Cheon Course Theme: CREATION in the BIBLE
Christianity and History of Science Instructor: Samuel Cheon Course Theme: CREATION IN THE BIBLE, THEOLOGY AND SCIENCE: A HISTORICAL AND INTER- DIALOGICAL PERSPECTIVE Institution: Hannam University,Graduate School of Theological Interdisciplinary Studies, Taejeon, South Korea COURSE DESCRIPTION 1. FORMATION This course is offered in the fall 2002 semester by Dr. Samuel Cheon, Professor of Old Testament at Graduate School of Theological Interdisciplinary Studies, Hannam University, with the assistance of guest lecturers. The course is offered for students in the Th.M. program and entitled as Christianity and History of Science according to the school’s academic plan. The course meets every Thursday in two- hour sessions, for sixteen weeks. Each class consists of presentation, lecture and discussion. Guest lecturers include Dr. Dekryong Kim, Professor of Philosophy; Dr. Jongyong Lee, Professor of Physics, at Hannam University; Dr. Jeongkeun Ahn, Professor of Molecular Biology and Genetics at Chungnam University. Selection of guest lectures is ongoing, and one or two more may be added. 2. GOALS The goals of the course will be for students (1) to articulate definitions for both science and theology, considering their respective tasks and the inherent limits of their methods and objectives; (2) to arrive at a critical historical understanding of the interaction between Christian theology and natural science, especially biblical interpretations and scientific views, minimizing their prejudice of each of the two fields; (3) to develop their historical, hermeneutical and theological horizon of creation, relating to the contemporary natural sciences; (4) to relate their understanding of theology and science to their ministerial context and preaching, especially having a new interpretive perspective of biblical creation stories; (5) to develop some basic skills for interdisciplinary research of science and theology. -
ABSTRACT Reclaiming Peace: Evangelical Scientists And
ABSTRACT Reclaiming Peace: Evangelical Scientists and Evolution After World War II Christopher M. Rios, Ph.D. Advisor: William L. Pitts, Jr., Ph.D. This dissertation argues that during the same period in which antievolutionism became a movement within American evangelicalism, two key groups of evangelical scientists attempted to initiate a countervailing trend. The American Scientific Affiliation was founded in 1941 at the encouragement of William Houghton, president of Moody Bible Institute. The Research Scientists‘ Christian Fellowship was started in London in 1944 as one of the graduate fellowship groups of Inter-Varsity Fellowship. Both organizations were established out of concern for the apparent threat stemming from contemporary science and with a desire to demonstrate the compatibility of Christian faith and science. Yet the assumptions of the respective founders and the context within which the organizations developed were notably different. At the start, the Americans assumed that reconciliation between the Bible and evolution required the latter to be proven untrue. The British never doubted the validity of evolutionary theory and were convinced from the beginning that conflict stemmed not from the teachings of science or the Bible, but from the perspectives and biases with which one approached the issues. Nevertheless, by the mid 1980s these groups became more similar than they were different. As the ASA gradually accepted evolution and developed convictions similar to those of their British counterpart, the RSCF began to experience antievolutionary resistance with greater force. To set the stage for these developments, this study begins with a short introduction to the issues and brief examination of current historiographical trends. -
The Salvation Poem I Accepted Christ
Table of Contents Your Journey Begins!! 1st Flight: . 1-1 Welcome to CentershotSM Ministries! I hope and pray that Know the Word these next few weeks will be a rewarding experience for you. 2nd Flight: . 2-1 You may be wondering how archery and church go together. Jesus, You died upon a cross Has your youth pastor lost it? Well, maybe – no, just kidding! Just hang on because your journey is just beginning! 3rd Flight:. 3-1 And rose again to save the lost The study you are about to begin is called The Plan. What does that mean? Well, through this study, hopefully you will 4th Flight:. 4-1 understand that God loves you very much and has a plan for Forgive me now of all my sin how you should live your life. During this study, you’ll use The Salvation Poem which was written to help you under- 5th Flight:. 5-1 Come be my Savior, Lord and Friend stand and remember God’s plan for your life. Basically, the lessons in this study will help you understand who God is, 6th Flight:. 6-1 what God wants, and where YOU fit in! And, as if that wasn’t Change my life and make it new cool enough, we’re going to learn about archery in the 7th Flight:. 7-1 process! And help me, Lord, to live for You So listen up! We’re all going to learn something new in the next few weeks! 8th Flight:. 8-1 Forget the Past, Live the Future The Plan is divided into eight sections, or Flights, that will take you from the very basics of shooting a bow and Appendix . -
Leland Ryken's Literary Approach to Biblical Interpretation: an Evangelical Model
JETS 37/1 (March 1994) 115!124 LELAND RYKEN'S LITERARY APPROACH TO BIBLICAL INTERPRETATION: AN EVANGELICAL MODEL ROBERT A. W E A T H E R S * The increasing use of literary approaches in Biblical interpretation has left many evangelicals baffled. They usually take a stand either in opposi- tion to this shift in interpretation, seeing it as another liberal intrusion, or they search for an acceptable way to integrate a literary perspective into a grammatico!historical methodology without surrendering an evan- gelical view of inspiration. Actually no extreme is necessary for an evan- gelical model or acquisition of a literary approach. Literary approaches emphasize literary portions of the Bible and often insist that literary artifice is the Bible's primary characteristic. The popu- larity of literary approaches has arisen in part from the disillusionment that interpreters feel with the historical!critical method. Whereas histori- cal methodology divides and subdivides texts for study, a literary ap- proach seeks the unity of the text, trying to make connections with the literary nature of the canon, the book, and the immediate context. Advocates of a literary approach to Biblical interpretation conceive of the shift away from the historical!critical method as a paradigm shift in herme! neutics. The shift in hermeneutical emphasis accompanies the current shift in western thought from the modern to the postmodern era. Cartesian du- alism characterized the modern age and resulted in the mechanistic para- digms that saturated many disciplines. Literary scholars advance that the historical!critica l method, a product of modernism, has failed to bring unified meaning to the Biblical text for the Christian community. -
Satan As Provacateur in Puritan Ministers' Writings, 1
“SO SATAN HATH HIS MYSTERIES TO BRING US TO ETERNAL RUINE:” SATAN AS PROVACATEUR IN PURITAN MINISTERS’ WRITINGS, 1662–1704 Michael Kneisel A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate College of Bowling Green State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS May 2014 Committee: Ruth Wallis Herndon, Advisor Bernard Rosenthal © 2014 Michael Kneisel All Rights Reserved iii ABSTRACT Ruth Wallis Herndon, Advisor Satan was a prominent figure in American Puritan theology in the late seventeenth century, and the witchcraft trials provide a unique opportunity to analyze how religious leaders thought about Satan. As I will show, Puritan ministers and lawmakers transformed the Devil into a character with increased power and agency during the period of the Sale Witch Trials. This transformation is revealed in the writings of these six Puritan ministers during the era of the witchcraft trials, when concerns about Satan’s activity reached fever pitch. The amorphous, undefined characterization of the Devil in the Bible allowed these ministers to perceive Satan in a variety of roles, including that of independent agent or provocateur. Much of the secondary material on the witch trials regards actual explanations about why they occurred and why they were so severe and numerous in Salem. This project diverges from existing scholarship in that I am not looking to explain about why the Salem witch trials they occurred or why they were so severe and numerous. My work moves in a different direction, examining how Puritan ministers thought about Satan as a critical element of the events. Focusing on their beliefs about Satan, his agency, and his potential power will give a new perspective on the events of the Salem Witch Trials, as well as on Puritan society in the late seventeenth century. -
PPP Frequently Asked Questions (Updated As of April 6, 2021)
PPP Frequently Asked Questions (updated as of April 6, 2021) SUMMARY Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”) loans are intended to provide forgivable loans to help small businesses and nonprofits continue operating and paying employees during the on-going economic uncertainty caused by COVID-19. The Economic Aid to Hard-Hit Small Businesses, Nonprofits, and Venues Act, signed into law on December 27, 2020 (“Economic Aid Act”), reopened PPP for first-time borrowers, allowed for 2nd Draw PPP loans for the hardest hit PPP borrowers, and made significant improvements to forgiveness requirements. The Small Business Administration (“SBA”) continues to issue guidance to implement these changes. Self-Help is closely monitoring PPP rules and guidance, and we will update our PPP FAQ as new information becomes available. PPP Loans: If you have not yet received a PPP loan and you meet eligibility requirements, you may apply for a first PPP loan (also called 1st Draw PPP loans) in the amount of two and a half months’ worth of your average monthly payroll costs. 2nd Draw PPP Loans for the hardest-hit small businesses and nonprofits: If you already received a PPP loan and you meet additional eligibility requirements, you may apply for a second PPP loan (also called 2nd Draw PPP loans) in the amount of two and a half months’ worth of your average monthly payroll costs. If you are classified as NAICS code beginning with 72 (accommodation and food services), you are eligible for three and a half months’ worth of your average monthly payroll costs. Additional eligibility requirements include: • You have experienced at least a 25% reduction in gross receipts in at least one quarter of 2020, as compared to 2019; and • You have used your first PPP loan for eligible purposes.