National Highways Inter-Connectivity Improvement Project (NHIIP I) Public Disclosure Authorized
Environmental Management Framework
A Guidance Document for dealing with Environmental Issues Public Disclosure Authorized during Planning, Design and Construction of Roads Under the Project
Public Disclosure Authorized
Draft Document – November 2011
Public Disclosure Authorized
Ministry of Road Transport and Highways Government of India
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK
NATIONAL HIGHWAY INTER-CONNECTIVITY IMPROVEMENT PROJECT I
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Project Background
Chapter 2 - Regulatory Framework
Chapter 3 - Environmental Management - Approach and Tools
Chapter 4 – Potential Environmental Impacts and Management Measures
Chapter 5 – Institutional Arrangements
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List of Acronyms
BOD Biological Oxygen Demand CGWB Central Ground Water Board CO Carbon Mono-oxide COD Chemical Oxygen Demand CoI Corridor of Impact CPCB Central Pollution Control Board CRZ Coastal Regulation Zone CSC Construction Supervision Consultant CSR Corporate Social Responsibility CWW Chief Wildlife Warden dB(A) Decibel (A) DPR Detailed Project Report EA Environmental Assessment EC Environmental Clearance E-coli Escherichia coli EHS Environmental, Health and Safety EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EMF Environment Management Framework EMP Environment Management Plan EO Environmental Officer ESR Environmental Screening Report F1 Form 1 GI Galvanized Iron GoI Government of India HE Highway Engineers IAHE Indian Academy of Highway Engineers IS Indian Standards K Potassium Km Kilometer LAP Land Acquisition Plan M Million m Meter MoEF Ministry of Environment and Forests MoRTH Ministry of Road Transport and Highways MT Metric Ton
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N Nitrogen NAAQS National Ambient Air Quality Standards NGO Non-Governmental Organization NH National Highways NHAI National Highways Authority of India NHIIP National Highway Interconnectivity Improvement Project NO Nodal Officer NOC No Objection Certificate
NOx Oxides of Nitrogen OP Operational Policies P Phosphorous PAP Project Affected Person Pb Lead PCU Passenger Car Units PIC Project In Charge PIU Project Implementation Unit
PM10 Particulate Matter 10
PM2.5 Particulate Matter 2.5 PMC Project Management Cell PWD Public Works Department RAP Resettlement Action Plan RO Regional Officer ROW Right of Way SBD Standard Bidding Document SIA Social Impact Assessment
SO2 Sulfur Dioxide SPCB State Pollution Control Board TA Technical Assistance TOR Terms of Reference WB World Bank
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Chapter 1
PROJECT BACKGROUND
1.1 Introduction
Roads form a critical link in the transport sector accounting for about 60 percent of passenger movement, 67 percent of freight movement and close to 70 percent of transport sector contribution to the GDP. Forming only 2 percent of total length of roads in India, the national highway network carries over 40 percent of total traffic in the country. As India continues to emerge as one of the fastest growing economies worldwide, effective and efficient transportation and connectivity is needed to facilitate equitable distribution of economic growth. This is critical especially in rural areas and isolated backward regions of the country, where poor road infrastructure is hampering development.
To improve connectivity through road infrastructure, the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MoRTH), Government of India plans to up-grade all the single lane/ intermediate lane National Highways to at least two lane standards. Some of these stretches are proposed to be taken up through the assistance from World Bank. The basic proposition includes strengthening of road pavement in addition to widening to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder standards.
The National Highways Inter-connectivity Improvement Project I (NHIIP I) proposed for funding support from the World Bank forms part of the Government of India‟s plan to rehabilitate and upgrade about 6,700 km of non-National Highway Development Network to a two-lane standard configuration.
1.2 Project Objective
The Project Development Objective (PDO) is to improve and sustain integration of less developed areas in the project states by enhancing their road connectivity with the National Highways network. The total cost of the project is estimated at Rs. 6,445 crores, the equivalent of US$ 1,345 million. This is calculated on a 9-year period including construction and 5 years of performance-based maintenance. The Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MoRTH) will be the implementing agency.
1.3 Project Components
The operation will finance civil works with expanding and upgrading from single/ intermediate to two lane standard configuration with paved shoulders, and strengthen implementation efficiency and the sustainability of project roads through improved maintenance roads. It will also support a transformational technical assistance agenda of setting national standards for road sector management, road safety, work site safety and piloting innovative “green national” highway codes. Through the TA support, the project will also strengthen the capacity of the PIUs that will be involved in implementing and monitoring the sub-projects and with the compliance with environmental management
Page 6 of 87 measures. The proposed approach will enable MoRTH and the Bank to concentrate on elements that support systemic improvements with the focus on improving maintenance of the highway system. Two sets of outcome indicators have been proposed: to measure extent of integration; and level of sustained integration of the project.
The project will have four components:
A. Road Improvement Component: The component includes up-grading of selected sections (with a total length of about 1,250 km) of existing single/intermediate lane National Highways to standard two-lane/two lane with paved shoulder configuration.. The roads to be finally included under the component will be selected on the basis of economic analysis as well as results from environment and social assessment studies.
Towards this end, screening results have identified twelve proposed roads/sub- projects for inclusion under NHIIP-I located in low income states of Bihar, Orissa, Rajasthan and in remote areas of middle income states of Karnataka, West Bengal. However, these or other roads meeting the project (technical) criteria in addition to environment (process/requirements specified in Environment Management Framework) and social (process/requirements specified in RPF) requirements would be considered for inclusion under the project.
B. Road Safety Component
Development and network-wide implementation of a new NH road accident database, including „one-off‟ baseline data collection
Review and updating IRC Road Safety standards Development and implementation of RS-specific Monitoring and Evaluation capability in MoRTH
Multi-agency / multi-sector pilot project(s) on non-NHDP road corridors involving improved RS engineering, innovations in public information, driver and user education, community involvement and safety enforcement
Operationalization of the NRS&TM Board
This component will finance: (i) technical advisory and consulting services, training costs and fees, logistics, consumables and publications; (ii) software (IP), goods and equipment, and (iii) minor civil works (TBC) for the above sub-components.
C. Institutional Performance & Governance Improvement Component
Resource Management – Phased MoRTH-wide roll-out of tailored (NHAI-TA derived) ERP systems including implementation of supporting equipment, user training and operational support, action to support changes in MoRTH prompted by the ERP, plus transfer to the ERP platform of the non-NHDP Project Preparation and Management tools and the new non-NHDP contract database
E-Procurement – implementation MoRTH-wide of E-Procurement for non-NHDP purposes - may be linked to ERP and states‟ facilities Page 7 of 87
Network Asset Management – upgrading systems, policies and skills as well as comprehensive road data collection for effective and comprehensive non-NHDP asset planning, development and management; review and piloting of axle load enforcement, and updating of MoRTH / PWD „execution-delegation‟ framework
Project Preparation and Management – Comprehensive enhancement of guidelines, manuals/documentation and supporting systems, MoRTH staff training and on-site technical assistance for more efficient delivery of non-NHDP projects and works, including strengthening of projects progress/performance monitoring, reporting and evaluation processes and integration of new „Construction Zone Safety‟ requirements and „Green Highway‟ guidelines; piloting and (after evaluation) implementation of guidelines on Value Management; and implementation (pre-ERP) of new non-NHDP contract („jobs-wise‟) database
Performance Evaluation – Implementation in MoRTH of new (NHAI-TA derived) Risk Management framework; strengthening MoRTH (NHAI-TA influenced) „third party works quality and performance audit‟ framework / capacity, and piloting on non-NHDP projects and works of new (NHAI-TA derived) Performance Rating System for all „suppliers‟
MoRTH Staff Training and HRD – Application of new (NHAI-TA derived) Training Needs Assessment (TNA) MoRTH-wide, followed by implementation of new 3-year Project-supported TNA-based staff training, HRD programs and „exposure‟ placements for MoRTH staff and for selected PWD staff with ongoing non-NHDP responsibilities
This component will finance: (i) technical advisory and consulting services, domestic and international training costs/fees, logistics, consumables and publications; and (ii) software (IP/licenses), miscellaneous goods and equipment.
D. Sector Research, HRD & Capacity Development Component
Development and initial implementation of new collaborative „research, HRD/training and manpower development‟ strategy to reduce national Highway Engineers (HE) and construction industry manpower shortages
Initiation of new medium-term sector research / study program via fellowship model to target critical knowledge and capability „gaps‟ and sector innovation
Development of new GOI strategy and action plans for initiation of Center(s) of Excellence in the roads / HE sector in India, and for further development for IAHE (ex-NITHE) in that context; and
Review and enhancement of IRC operations and capacity
This component will finance: (i) consulting services, training costs and fees, research Awards, associated travel / logistics, communication, consumables and publications costs; and (ii) limited amount of IT equipment, software (licenses) and miscellaneous goods.
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1.4 Need for Environment Management Framework
Although the general thrust and broad project interventions are well understood, the specific details about multiple sub-projects located across various states, and thereby the nature and scale of their potential impacts, will be known only later. In such a situation, where sub-projects traversing multiple districts are located across five states with varying geographical, topographical and socio-economic conditions, a need was felt to prepare a document that will „guide‟ the planning, design and construction elements of sub-projects and help in harmonizing the principles/approaches for project preparation and execution. In this context, an Environment Management Framework has been prepared for the project.
1.5 Purpose and Objectives of Environment Management Framework
Good environmental management practices are essential and integral elements of sound project preparation and implementation. More specifically, the EMF seeks to :
1. Establish clear procedures and methodologies for environmental planning, review, approval and implementation of subprojects to be financed under the Project.
2. To provide practical guidance for planning, designing and implementing the environmental management measures.
3. Specify appropriate roles and responsibilities, and outline the necessary reporting procedures, for managing and monitoring environmental and related social concerns of the sub-projects and;
4. Determine the institutional arrangements, including those related to training, capacity building and technical assistance (if required) needed to successfully implement the provisions of the EMF .
The application and implementation of the EMF therefore, will:
1) Support the integration of environmental aspects into the decision making process of all stages related to planning, design, execution, operation and maintenance of sub-projects, by identifying, avoiding and/or minimizing adverse environmental impacts early-on in the project cycle.
2) Enhance the positive/sustainable environmental and social outcomes through improved/ sensitive planning, design and implementation of sub-activities.
3) Minimize environmental degradation as a result of either individual sub-projects or through their indirect, induced and cumulative effects, as much as possible.
4) Protect human health and
5) Minimize impacts on cultural property.
The use / implementation of the EMF will also support the achievement of compliance with applicable laws and regulations as well as with the requirements of relevant Bank policies on environment aspects.
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1.6 Key Contents of the Environment Management Framework
The framework describes the principles, objectives and approach to be followed for selecting, avoiding, minimizing and/or mitigating the adverse environmental impacts that are likely to arise due to the project. The framework details out the various policies, guidelines and procedures that need to be integrated during the planning, design and implementation cycle of the Bank-funded project. It also outlines the indicative management measures required to effectively address or deal with the key issues that have been identified. The required institutional arrangements for effective environment management have also been outlined as a part of this framework.
Specifically, the Environmental Management Framework includes the following:
Information on GoI‟s environmental legislations, standards and policies and World Bank safeguard policies that are relevant in the over-all project context. Process to be followed for environmental screening to guide decision-making about proposed sub-projects Steps and process to be followed for conducting environmental impact assessment and preparation of Environmental Management Plans for selected sub-projects Preliminary assessment of anticipated environmental impacts in the context of broad/known project interventions. Generic environment management measures to avoid, minimize and mitigate anticipated impacts Institutional arrangements for environment management, including monitoring and reporting.
1.7 Application of the EMF
The EMF needs to be integrated into the preparation and implementation stages of the various project components. It is an essential ingredient aligned with the project/sub- project activities and is to be followed through the entire project cycle from planning, including site identification; design; implementation and operation/maintenance to attain the above outlined purpose and objectives.
1.8 Revision/Modification of the EMF
The EMF will be an „up-to-date‟ or a „live document‟ enabling revision, when and where necessary. Unexpected situations and/or changes in the project or sub-component design would therefore be assessed and appropriate management measures will be incorporated by updating the Environment Management Framework. Such revisions will also cover and update any changes/modifications introduced in the legal/regulatory regime of the country/ state. Also, based on the experience of application and implementation of this framework, the provisions and procedures would be updated, as appropriate in consultation with the World Bank and the implementing agencies/ departments.
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Chapter 2
REGULATORY FRAMEWORK
This section is provided as a reminder that all activities under the proposed project must be consistent with all applicable laws, regulations, notifications that are relevant in the context of the proposed project interventions. It is the responsibility of the various Project Implementing Entities to ensure that proposed activities are consistent with the regulatory/legal framework, whether national, state or municipal/local. Additionally, it is also to be ensured that activities are consistent with World Bank‟s operational policies and guidelines. This section is not a legal opinion on the applicability of the law but serves as guidance in the application of the law to the current project context.
2.1 Key Applicable National Laws and Regulation – Project Preparation Stage
The following paragraphs highlight some salient features of select laws, which have a particularly important bearing on the design and implementation of the proposed project. A summary of such applicable rules and regulation is furnished in the table below:
Summary of Environmental Legislation Applicable to the Proposed Project
Responsible Act Year Objective Institution
Environment (Protection) To protect and improve the 1986 MoEF, CPCB Act. overall environment
Notification on Environment To provide environmental Impact Assessment of 2006 clearance to new Development projects (and 2009 development activities MoEF, CPCB amendments) (referred to following environmental as the Notification on 2010 impact assessment. Environmental Clearance)
To protect wild animals and birds through the creation of Wildlife Protection Act 1972 MoEF National Parks and Sanctuaries
To provide for the Water (Prevention and prevention and control of Control of Pollution) Act 1974 water pollution and the CPCB (and subsequent maintaining or restoring of amendments) wholesomeness of water.
To provide for the prevention, control and Air (Prevention and Control CPCB and abatement of air pollution, of Pollution) Act (and 1981 Road and for the establishment of subsequent amendments) Authorities Boards to carry out these purposes.
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Responsible Act Year Objective Institution
To protect and manage Forest (Conservation) Act 1980 MoEF forests
To control vehicular air and Central Motor Vehicle Act 1988 noise pollution. To regulate State development of the Transport transport sector, check and Department Central Motor Vehicle Rules 1989 control vehicular air and noise pollution.
Ancient Monuments and 1958 Conservation of Cultural and Archaeological Archaeological Sites and historical remains found in Dept. GOI Remains Act India.
1) Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 and EIA Notification, 2006
The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 was introduced as an umbrella legislation that provides a holistic framework for the protection and improvement to the environment. In terms of responsibilities, the Act and the associated Rules requires environmental clearances to be sought for specific types of new / expansion projects (addressed under Environmental Impact Assessment Notification) and for submission of an environmental statement to the State Pollution Control Board annually.
As per section 3 of EIA Notification S.O. 1533 dated 14th September 2006, the Central Government forms a State Level Environment Impact Assessment Authority (SEIAA). All projects and activities are broadly categorized into two categories as Category A and B.
All projects or activities included as Category „A‟ in the Schedule, including expansion and modernization of existing projects or activities and change in product mix, shall require prior environmental clearance from the Central Government in the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF) on the recommendations of an Expert Appraisal Committee (EAC) to be constituted by the Central Government for the purposes of this notification
All projects or activities included as Category „B‟ in the Schedule, including expansion and modernization of existing projects or activities as specified in sub paragraph (ii) of paragraph 2, or change in product mix as specified in sub paragraph (iii) of paragraph 2, but excluding those which fulfill the General Conditions (GC) stipulated in the Schedule, will require prior environmental clearance from the State/Union territory Environment Impact Assessment Authority (SEIAA).
The SEIAA shall base its decision on the recommendations of a State or Union territory level Expert Appraisal Committee (SEAC) as to be constituted for in this notification. In the absence of a duly constituted SEIAA or SEAC, a Category „B‟ project shall be treated as a Category „A‟ project.
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Environment Clearance Procedure
Per the MoEF EIA Notification, 2006 (and subsequent amendments of 2009 and 2011), “expansion of national highways greater than 30km, involving additional right of way greater than 20meters involving land acquisition” are categorized as „A‟ and require a comprehensive Environmental Impact Assessment study and prior environmental clearance from the Ministry prior to project/sub-project commencement. Responsibility for obtaining Environmental Clearance will be vested with the DPR/Feasibility Consultants on behalf of the Project Proponent (MoRTH/State Units) with assistance from the State‟s Nodal Officer.
For GoI Category A projects, the process for acquiring an Environmental Clearance (EC) involves submitting an F1 application package. The package includes details of the proposed intervention including scope, nature, spatial and temporal dimensions of likely environmental impacts along with preliminary/suggested measures to avoid, reduce or mitigate the impacts to alleviate adverse impacts on project affected people; proposed ToR for carrying out the EIA; the feasibility report; and certified receipt of application for all related permission and clearances especially with forest diversion.
Once the application is received, MoEF (after a presentation by the consultants) will determine whether or not the proposed operation will require further environmental studies; and determine the comprehensive ToR to be followed for the EIA (within 60 days communicates the approval or rejection of the ToR) by the proponent to begin the assessment. Draft EIAs are circulated with State Pollution Control Board (SPCB) in whose jurisdiction (district level) the project is located for public hearings with local affected persons and others who have a possible stake/interest/concern related to potential environmental impacts of the project. Over-all, the EC procedure would take about 345 days or more.
2) Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980
Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 pertains to the cases of diversion of forest area and felling of roadside plantation. Depending on the size of the tract to be cleared, clearances are applied for at the following levels of government:
If the area of forests to be cleared or diverted exceeds 20 Ha (or, 10 Ha in hilly area) then prior permission of Central Government is required.
If the area of forest to be cleared or diverted is between 5 to 20 Ha, the Regional Office of Chief Conservator of Forests is empowered to approve.
If the area of forest to be cleared or diverted is below or equal to 5 HA, the State Government can give permission.
If the area to be clear-felled has a forest density of more than 40 percent, permission to undertake any work is needed from the Central Government, irrespective of the area to be cleared.
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Restrictions and clearance procedure proposed in the Forest (Conservation) Act applies wholly to the natural forest areas, even in case the protected/designated forest area does not have any vegetation cover.
Feedback from the screening exercise show that the operation could possibly result in diversion of forest lands across various forest categories – reserve forests, protected forests such as notified roadside plantations. Under the Forest Conservation Act (1980) and Forest Conservation Rules (2003) forest land diversion and tree felling on forest lands (including notified protected road-side plantations) requires a Forest Clearance and tree cutting permission from the State, and/or Central Government. Having adopted proactive environmentally conscious engineering design for road re-alignments, rehabilitation and up-gradation works, the potential result would be/should be relatively minimal diversion of forest and tree felling.
Forest Clearance Procedure
According to the Forest Conservation Amendment Rules, 2004, proposal for diversion of forest land (protected and reserve forest) up to 5 hac is processed at the state level and more than that is processed at the MoEF level. The proposal with requisite information and documents is sent to the Nodal officer of the State Government, or the Union Territory Administration (UTA). The State Government or UTA submits the proposal to the Chief Conservator of Forests or the Conservator of Forests. This is further processed by the concerned Regional Office of MoEF, where decision is made within a period of 45 days for proposed forest diversion of up to 5 ha. For diversion of 5hac up to 40 hac land, proposal is forwarded with recommendations from the state/regional office to the central MoEF for decision making. Overall, the Forest Clearance process may take up to one year.
3) Water and Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Acts
Water Act and Air Acts provide for the prevention and control of water and air pollution respectively. These acts empower the Pollution Control Boards to collect effluent and emission samples, entry to industrial units for inspection, power to prohibit on use of any water bodies for waste disposal and creation of new discharge outlets, provide consent to set up and operate certain facilities likely to create air and water pollution including power to give directions and prosecuting offenders.
The Air and Water Act are particularly applicable to all civil works activities. All construction work contractors need to obtain the consent-to-establish and consent-to- operate for plants i.e. concrete batching, stone crushing and hot mix plants and other machinery that they may be required for the purpose of construction. The NOC certificates need to be obtained from the regional offices of the SPCB. Wherein the existing plants are used, the contractor shall ensure that all applicable consents are obtained for operating the plant/equipment.
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4) Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance, 1971
The Ramsar Convention is an international treaty for the conservation and sustainable utilization of wetlands i.e. to stem the progressive encroachment on and loss of wetlands now and in the future, recognizing the fundamental ecological functions of wetlands and their economic, cultural, scientific and recreational value.
According to the Ramsar list of Wetlands of International Importance, there are 25 designated wetlands in the country which are required to be protected. Activities undertaken in the proximity of these wetlands should follow the guidelines of the convention.
5) Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Rules, 1959
As per the Act, area within a radius of 100m and 300m from the “protected property” are designated as “protected area” and “controlled area” respectively. No development activity (including mining operations and construction) is permitted in the “protected area” and all development activities likely to damage the protected property are not permitted in the “controlled area” without prior permission of the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI). Protected property entails the site/remains/ monuments are protected by ASI or the State Department of Archaeology.
Activities in, then the PMU/implementing agency/line department needs to undertake the protected areas should not be undertaken. If activities are to be done in the controlled area of protected properties necessary clearances from ASI.
2.2 Key Statutory Clearance Requirements – Construction Stage
During the construction stage, some of the key statutory requirements that need to be obtained by the Contractor as part of mobilization (pre-construction) have been listed in thetable given below.
Key Statutory Clearances to be Obtained by the Contractor
Statute under which Statutory S.No. Clearance Required for clearance is required Authority
Air (Prevention and Control of Hot mix plants, Crushers Pollution) Act, 1981 and Noise State Pollution 1 and Batch Mix Plants Pollution (Regulation and Control Board Control) Rules, 2000
Hazardous Waste (Management Storage, handling and and Handling) Rules, 1989 and State Pollution 2 transport of hazardous Manufacturing, Storage and Control Board materials Import of Hazardous Chemicals Rules, 1989
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Statute under which Statutory S.No. Clearance Required for clearance is required Authority
Environment Protection Act, 1986 Location/ layout of and Manufacturing, Storage and State Pollution 3 workers camp, equipment Import of Hazardous Chemicals Control Board and storage yards Rules, 1989
Dept. of Mining; Quarries (in case of 4 Environment Protection Act, 1986 Concerned District opening of new quarries) Administration
Discharges from Labor Water (Prevention and Control of State Pollution 5 Camp Pollution) Act, 1974 Control Board
Permission for withdrawal State Ground Water 6 of groundwater for Environment Protection Act, 1986 Board construction
Irrigation Permission for sand Department; 7 Environment Protection Act, 1986 mining from river bed Concerned District Administration
Disposal of bituminous Hazardous Waste (Management As per state norm/ 8 wastes and Handling) Rules, 1989 Local Civic Body
2.3 World Bank Policies
The World Bank's environmental and social safeguard policies (ten of them) are a cornerstone of its support to sustainable poverty reduction. The objective of these policies is to prevent and mitigate undue harm to people and the environment in the development process. These policies provide guidelines for the identification, preparation, and implementation of programs and projects. The following operational policies are relevant in context of the Project from an environmental viewpoint:
Applicable Safeguards Policies of the World Bank
World Bank Measures to be Description Applicability Policy incorporated
Environmental This policy is triggered if a The project may Application of EMF in Assessment project is likely to have have impacts on project planning, DPR significant adverse the preparation and project OP 4.01 environmental impacts in its environmental implementation. area of influence. For components Integration of EHS category A projects, a such as on requirements in standard comprehensive EIA is water bodies, bidding documents will required with emphasis on trees, and hill provide enabling integrating environmental slopes. mechanism for required measures in project planning, enforcement. design, implementation and operation. Page 16 of 87
World Bank Measures to be Description Applicability Policy incorporated
Natural This policy supports the Some projects Development of Habitats OP protection, maintenance and are likely to be environmental screening 4.04 rehabilitation of natural in close tool and conduction of the habitats. The Bank doesn‟t proximity to said exercise to determine finance projects that involve sensitive the nature and magnitude the conversion of designated natural of impacts on sensitive and critical Natural habitats. habitats. ecologically critical areas. Appropriate measures to
deal with such findings, including exclusion of some project roads, as may be necessary.
Forests OP Policy covers all projects that Some projects Avoidance and/or 4.36 affect natural or planted are in close minimization of forest forests, whether positively or proximity to or uptake by appropriate negatively. traverse forest methods in the areas and may engineering design; Forest need forest land Clearances prior to award diversion. of works; Use of EMF to address impacts as necessary; Compensatory Afforestation.
Consultation The policy requires the For each sub- Feasibility/DPR consultants and Disclosure borrower to consult Project project road, have carried out Requirements Affected People and local comprehensive consultations during the (BP 17.50) NGOs through the various consultations screening exercises. Where phases of the project: before will be required reports from the EIA TORs are finalized and during the consultations have been when the draft EIA is design, planning found to be grossly available. It requires that and insufficient, the Bank has groups being consulted be implementation provided further guidance provided on-time, stages: to for additional consultations comprehensible and easily determine the with regards to ensuring accessible information before baseline representativeness in both consultations. The policy also conditions/ number and categories of requires that the borrower to issues; locally stakeholders, prior make the EA summary viable notification and available in the state (in a mitigation methodology to adopt in local language) and a public measures for order to ensure usefulness places to all the stakeholders addressing of the consultations to prior to appraisal. environmental both the affected groups impacts; and the borrower in terms
consensus on of design, planning, engineering implementation, designs supervision and especially where maintenance of the roads realignments projects. Another and bypasses important dimension of the are concerned; consultations is with community seeking consensus on road involvement/ engineering designs where support for realignments and bypasses supervising and are concerned. monitoring project implementation.
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1) Environmental Assessment (OP 4.01)
Environmental Assessment is used in the World Bank to identify, avoid, and mitigate the potential negative environmental impacts associated with Bank‟s lending operations early-on in the project cycle. The policy states that Environment Assessment (EA) and mitigation plans are required for all projects having significant adverse environmental impacts or involuntary resettlement. Assessment should include analysis of alternative designs and sites, or consideration of “no option” and require public participation and information disclosure before the Bank approves the project.
In World Bank operations, the purpose of Environmental Assessment is to improve decision making, to ensure that project options under consideration are sound and sustainable, and that potentially affected people have been properly consulted and their concerns addressed.
The World Bank's environmental assessment policy and recommended processing are described in Operational Policy (OP)/Bank Procedure (BP) 4.01: Environmental Assessment.
2) Natural Habitat (OP 4.04)
The policy implementation ensures that Bank-supported development projects give proper consideration to the conservation of natural habitats, in order to safeguard their unique biodiversity and ensure the sustainability of the environmental services and products which natural habitats provide to human society.
This policy is applicable when a project (including any subproject under a sector investment or financial intermediary loan) with the potential to cause significant conversion (loss) or degradation of natural habitats, whether directly (through construction) or indirectly (through human activities induced by the project).
3) Forest Policy (OP 4.36)
The implementation of the policy ensures that envisaged forest sector activities and other Bank sponsored interventions which have the potential to impact significantly upon forested areas:
(a) Do not encroach upon significant natural forest areas that serve important social, environmental or local economic purposes.
(b) Do not compromise the rights of local communities to continue their traditional use of forests in a sustainable fashion.
(c) Do not finance commercial logging operations, in the case of primary tropical moist forest, nor any purchase of equipment for this purpose.
4) Cultural Property (OP 4.11)
The World Bank Policy OP/BP 4.11 defines physical cultural resources as movable or immovable objects, sites, structures, groups of structures, natural features and landscapes that have archaeological, paleontological, historical, architectural, religious, Page 18 of 87 aesthetic, or other cultural significance. Physical cultural resources may be located in urban or rural settings, and may be above or below ground, or under water. Their cultural interest may be at the local, provincial or national level, or within the international community.
The Bank assists countries to avoid or mitigate adverse impacts on physical cultural resources from development projects that it finances. The impacts on physical cultural resources resulting from project activities, including mitigating measures, may not contravene either the borrower‟s national legislation, or its obligations under relevant international environmental treaties and agreements.
The borrower addresses impacts on physical cultural resources in projects proposed for Bank financing, as an integral part of the environmental assessment (EA) process.
2.4 MoRTH and IRC Specifications
All road works in India are to be in accordance with the MoRTH specifications for Road and Bridge works and guidelines of Indian Roads Congress (IRC). The MoRTH specifications have special provisions towards protection of environment under Clause 501, Annexure A and the contractor is to satisfy the provisions. Apart from the Annexure A to clause 501, there are provisions for control of erosion, drainage, dust suppression, borrow area and haul road management under relevant sections. Provisions of clause 501 Annexure A, cover the environmental aspects as:
The contractor shall take all necessary measures and precautions to carry out the work in conformity with the statutory and regulatory environmental requirements.
General The contractor shall take all measures and precautions to avoid nuisance or disturbance from the work. It shall be precautionary measures than abatement measures taken after generation of nuisance.
In the event of any spoil, debris, waste or any deleterious material from site being deposited on adjacent land, the same shall be removed and affected area shall be restored to its original state.
The contractor to devise and arrange methods to control dust, gaseous or other airborne emissions in such a way that adverse impacts on air quality are minimized.
Air Dust shall be minimized from stored material and stockpiles by spraying water.
Covering of material likely to generate dust during transportation is to be covered with tarpaulin.
Spraying of water on haul roads, if found necessary.
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The contractor shall prevent any interference with supply/abstraction of water resources.
Water used for dust suppression shall be reused after settlement of Water material in collected water.
Liquid waste products to be disposed off such that it does not cause pollution.
No debris is to be deposited or disposed into/adjacent to water courses.
No uncontrolled disposal of wastes shall be permitted. The contractor Control of shall make specific provisions for disposal of all forms of fuel and engine wastes oil, all types of bitumen, cement, surplus aggregate, gravels, bituminous mixtures etc. conforming to local regulations and acceptance of the engineer
Noise The contractor shall use all necessary measures to reduce noise from construction equipment and maintain all silencing equipment in good condition.
Emergency The contractor shall plan and provide for remedial measures in case of Response occurrence of emergencies as spillages of oil, bitumen or chemicals.
In addition to the above conditions, avoidance measures and control of activities having potential for generation of environmental impacts are devised. These include:
Section 111 Precautions for safeguarding the environment
Clause 201.2 Preservation of Property/Amenities during clearing and grubbing
Clause 301.3.2 Stripping and storing of topsoil for reuse during excavation for roadway and drains
Clause 302.4 Restriction on timings for blasting operations
Clause 304.3.6 Public safety near towns/villages where excavation is carried out
Clause 305.2.2.2 Locations of borrowing and relevant regulations
Clause 305.3.3 Stripping and storing of topsoil at borrow locations
Section 306 Soil erosion and sedimentation control
Clause 407.4.2 Provisions for turfing on median and islands
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Section 517 Recycling of bituminous pavement and excavated material
Clause 701.2.1 Use of geo-textiles for control of soil erosion
Section 810 Use of Metal beam crash barriers for safety, relevant regulations and specifications
Clause 2501 Precautions during river training works
2.5 Other Applicable Laws
Environmental issues during road construction stage generally involve equity, safety and public health issues. The road construction agencies require complying with laws of the land, which include inter alia, the following:
Workmen's Compensation Act 1923: The Act provides for compensation in case of injury by accident arising out of and during the course of employment;
Contract Labour (Regulation and Abolition) Act, 1970: The Act provides for certain welfare measures to be provided by the contractor to contract labour;
Minimum Wages Act, 1948: The employer is supposed to pay not less than the Minimum Wages fixed by appropriate Government as per provisions of the Act;
Payment of Wages Act, 1936: It lays down as to by what date the wages are to be paid, when it will' be paid and what deductions can be made from the wages of the workers;
Equal Remuneration Act, 1979: The Act provides for payment of equal wages for work of equal nature to Male and Female workers and not for making discrimination against Female employees;
Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, 1986: The Act prohibits employment of children below 14 years of age in certain occupations and processes and provides for regulation of employment of children in all other occupations and processes. Employment of child labour is prohibited in Building and Construction Industry;
Inter-State Migrant Workmen‟s (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Service) Act, 1979: The inter-state migrant workers, in an establishment to which this Act becomes applicable, are required to be provided certain facilities such as housing, medical aid, travelling expenses from home to the establishment and back, etc.;
The Building and Other Construction Workers (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Service) Act, 1996 and the Cess Act of 1996: All the establishments who carry on any building or other construction work and employs 10 or more workers are covered under this Act; the employer of the establishment is required to provide safety measures at the Page 21 of 87 building or construction work and other welfare measures, such as canteens, first-aid facilities, ambulance, housing accommodation for Workers near the workplace, etc.;
The Factories Act, 1948: The Act lays down the procedure for approval of plans before setting up a factory, health and safety provisions, welfare provisions, working hours and rendering information-regarding accidents or dangerous occurrences to designated authorities;
Hazardous Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules, 1989: Occupiers generating hazardous wastes given in the list shall take all practical steps to ensure that such wastes are properly handled, i.e. collection, reception, treatment, storage, and disposed of without any adverse effects to human health and environment (Rule 4 Such occupier shall apply for authorization in prescribed format to the State Pollution Control Board)
Chemical Accidents (Emergency Planning, Preparedness and Response) Rules, 1996: The Rules provide for mandatory preparation of On-Site Emergency Plans by the industry and Off-Site Plans by the district collector and the constitution of four tier crisis groups at the centre, district, and local levels for the management of chemical disaster.
2.6 Applicability of Regulations/Policies
The applicability of any of the national/state level regulation and World Bank safeguard policy needs to be ascertained separately for each sub project/road considered in the NHIIP I as each law/rule/regulation has its own legal implication and process for compliance. The regulatory framework as described in this EMF as serves as a guiding document and a quick point of reference on the applicable regulatory framework.
Each of the proposed candidate roads identified till date for inclusion in the project has already been screened from this perspective. However, the precise applicability of the regulations will ultimately depend on the location, proposed intervention and design of the sub-project and this will be determined during the detailed (sub-project specific) environmental assessment exercise.
Should there be any changes in the provisions in the various acts rules or notifications enacted by the Government of India/concerned state Government during the course of implementation of the project, then compliance to the amended rules and regulations as applicable on the sub-projects will become mandatory.
2.7 Other Relevant Technical Guidance Materials
The guidelines endorsed by MoEF for the application of Environmental Protection Act, 1986 for highway projects (including the Environmental Impact Assessment Guidance Manual for Highways, February 2010) and World Bank‟s operational policies on environment shall be adopted/followed for the environment screening, conducting EIA and preparing/implementing the EMP.
In addition, the methods of measuring air pollution should be in conformance with IS: 5182-1977 and in case of noise pollution, IS: 3028-1980 for measurement of noise Page 22 of 87 emitted by moving road vehicles; IS: 4758-1968 for measurement of noise emitted by machines; IS: 10399-1982 for measurement of noise emitted by stationary road vehicles are to be followed. As regards Highway aesthetics, use of provisions made in IRC: SP: 21-1979 - Manual on Landscaping of roads and its subsequent revised versions are to be followed. Some other references include the International Roads Congress (IRC) Guidance note on Highways, May 2011 and Roads and the Environment Handbook, World Bank, 1997.
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Chapter 3
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT - APPROACH AND TOOLS
The Chapter describes the principles and approach to be followed for selecting, avoiding, minimizing and/or mitigating the adverse environmental impacts that are likely to arise due to the project. Each of the sub-projects proposed under the project will follow the approach suggested here to achieve the objectives of environmental management.
3.1 Key Steps to be Followed
A comprehensive environmental management approach for the project will involve the following key steps and processes:
1. Preliminary Environmental Screening 2. Detailed Environmental Screening 3. Environmental Impact Assessment 4. Environmental Management Plans 5. Environmental Monitoring (including Audits) and Reporting
Preliminary knowledge of Preliminary Environmental Screening applicable GoI national, legislations state and local polices and regulations; and World Bank safeguard policies Environmental Screening Based on specific application of required policies and regulations, process, Environmental Impact timeframe and responsibility Assessment
Environmental Management Plans
Implementation of EMPs, - Monitoring, Auditing and Reporting
The following section aims to provide a description of the environment management approach and tools to evaluate the potential impacts from the proposed project interventions. The Environment Management tools aim to support at the early stages of
Page 24 of 87 planning and decision-making and selection of environmental measures including mitigation/technologies based on the nature and scale of identified potential impacts.
Step 1: Preliminary Environmental Screening
This step will involve an initial desk review of the available information about the road and the sub-project area. A preliminary environment and social screening format would be filled-up using such available information and field visits would be undertaken to understand the general overview in context of the scope of the proposed operation. The exercise will help in identifying the key/significant potential environmental impacts and in determining the project specific context and the focus required for carrying out the detailed environmental screening exercise.
Without narrowing the focus of the detailed field investigations/assessments, having this knowledge provides an early sense on the spatial and temporal dimension about the likely issues on-hand.
Step 2: Environmental Screening
Detailed screening exercise is the second step in the EMF process. The purpose of environmental screening is to get an overview of the nature, scale and magnitude of the issues in order to determine the project feasibility and further if findings permit, it allows for proper scoping of the detailed EIA and SIA that would be subsequently carried out. After identifying key issues, the applicability of the Bank‟s environment safeguard policies is to be established along with Government of India‟s / State Government‟s regulatory requirements. Based on this, boundaries and focus areas for the EIA and SIA along with the use of specific instruments would be determined.
The key sub-steps involved in the screening process are outlined below:
Ascertain presence of any environmentally sensitive areas (as detailed in screening checklist) through primary/secondary information. Confirm applicability of regulations and policies in context of broad sub-project interventions. Conduct reconnaissance site visits for ground truthing and incorporate required/ additional information in the screening format (see annex). Obtain details about land availability and broad categories of ownership (forest/govt./private) Preparation of a screening report as per the structure provided in Annex. The outcome of the screening process will help select and/or prioritize the various investments and where required, start the clearance process in a timely manner.
Safeguards screening usually consist of checking and identifying environmental risks, impacts and opportunities and the requisite measures that are applicable within the local context for addressing them. Findings from the screening will be used to determine ecological and as well as economic viability of the sub-projects. Particular focus will be required for proposed realignments and bypasses.
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To ensure well targeted field assessment during the screening process, the World Bank has prepared a Guidance Note for use by the Consultants and the respective state executing agencies that outlines the steps and key data that is to be collected for determining the feasibility of the sub-project from an environmental stand point. The note provides detailed guidelines for collecting information on environmental, natural, biological, and physical and socio economic conditions without which it becomes cumbersome to determine the likely potential impacts that may result from the project interventions. The process enables proper targeting of issues requiring further technical research and in-depth assessments during the EIA and SIA preparation. Without the proper screening, deficient planning and engineering design of sub-projects using unreliable information can result in weak arrangements to conserve critical natural ecosystems and may result in creating adverse environmental impacts.
Key outputs of the detailed environmental screening would include:
determination (with a degree of confidence), of all national and state and local regulations and policies that will apply to the sub-projects preliminary judgment on the sub-project category per the MoEF EIA Notification, 2006 (including recent amendments) decision on the environmental categorization (A, B, or C)1 in line with World Bank‟s safeguards policies; and process, timeframe and responsibilities for securing the requisite clearances and permissions per GoI guidelines.
It is critical at this stage for Consultants to review the list of applicable legislations or polices and regulations with the project proponent and the World Bank first to diffuse inconsistencies in understanding and second, to mobilize assistance both at the central and state levels to facilitate applications process.
Experience with preparing the F1 applications for Environmental Clearances shows that Nodal Officers and Regional Officers play an essential role and involving them early on in the process is critical. Based on the screening results, a decision can be made on whether the sub-project road would require further field assessments and studies or not. The Guidance note also gives an outline for presenting data with necessary explanation for recording likely environmental impacts.
The screening process enhances implementation by screening out or enhancing acceptability of sub-project proposals on the basis of environmental criteria. Apart from the screening of sub-projects for proposed inclusion in the project (NHIIP-1), the results/findings from this exercise would be used to determine the scope of Environmental (Impact) Assessment requirement.
1 World Bank safeguards policies Page 26 of 87
Step 3: Environmental Impact Assessment
An EIA consists of a comprehensive study that involves thorough documentation of existing conditions, and identification of impacts with a comparison of alternative project design options including without the project option. If implemented early, the EIA can be an excellent “preventative tool”2. Usually, EIA has three objectives: assist decision makers in getting a clear picture of the potential impact on the overall environmental quality; provision of impact prevention and enhancement of benefits and minimization of impacts in the long term; and provide a forum that allows direct input from stakeholders in the managements of the project. Towards this end, the MoEF has developed an EIA Guidance Manual for Highways, which will be used along with WB‟s operational policy notes.
Ideally, an EIA will have:
A general information on highway project, requisite environmental clearance process and a gist of the project component the location of the road corridor, map and topographical sheets including the potential benefits and need for the project, description of alignment options, implementation schedule and the projected costs for the project characterize the relevant features of the current (“baseline”) state of the receiving environment biological, physical and socioeconomic description of the corridor and the region description of the potential interactions between the intervention and the baseline environment analysis of alternatives with particular reference to location of project corridor and the applicable engineering technologies management measures to avoid, mitigate, compensate and monitor any potentially significant adverse impacts and cost of management measures in an environmental management plan summarize significant concerns and recommend needed actions to address each concern Conclusion – stating that either (a) the EIA is the completed environmental assessment for the intervention or (b) further assessment work is required and will be incorporated in a revised EIA. For example, project roads that would need follow up biodiversity assessments to track changes will be stated in the EIA Disclosure of the Consultants that prepared the EIA
The GoI EIA Guidance Manual for Highways clearly outlines the contents and comprehensive description of the chapters in an EIA. The note also provides sample ToRs for EIAs, international best practice on road construction and management, codes of practices as advocated by the International Road Congress, India (IRC).
Key steps will include the following:
2 Roads and Environment Handbook, The World Bank, 1997
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Define the scope of the EIA: In this case, the scope of the EIA study will be shaped by the findings from the environmental screening exercise and the TORs prepared by the MORTH. Where relevant, the World Bank OP‟s will supplement/guide the information to be added and process to be followed. Characterize the project interventions (type of project, location, need for the project, alignments, utilities to be shifted, activities, schedules, estimated budget , etc.), Building on findings from screening exercise, identify likely interactions between the project and the environment especially where project roads are abutted by critical forest and river ecosystems Establish an effective stakeholder participation program Identify key environmental issues and assess range and potential severity of impacts on the existing environment (adverse; and beneficial, direct and indirect) by (i) project phase; (ii) engineering technologies and other non-built infrastructure mechanisms to be used and (ii) by ecological component, community and other sub-units of the study area Assess the risks and implications of improper operation, failures, disasters and other (lower probability) events Consider the implication of project alternatives with and without the interventions with respect to both location and technologies. Where realignments and bypasses are being considered, assess the feasible design options with inputs from the potential project affected people incorporated Prepare an EMP, which is implementable program of measures to avoid, mitigate, manage and monitor adverse impacts and enhance benefits. Assess the residual impacts remaining after implementation of EMP measures
The following is the recommended table of contents of EIA:
- Executive summary
- Policy, legal and institutional framework
- Project description
- Status of the environment (baseline data)
- Environmental impacts
- Analysis of alternatives
- Additional studies (if applicable)
- Project Benefits
- Environmental Management Plan
- Stakeholder consultations
- Summary and recommendations
- Conclusions
- Annexes
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The model outline does not explicitly provide section/subsection headings for many of EIA activities. Therefore DPR/feasibility consultants will create their own customized outline from this model that provides sections/subsections for EIA activity undertaken for the sub-project road under consideration.
Step 4: Preparation of Environmental Management Plan (EMP)
EMP is the next step in the EIA process after identifying potential impacts. It involves the identification and development of measures aimed at avoiding, mitigating, offsetting and/or reducing impacts to levels that are environmentally acceptable during implementation and operation of the project road. EMPs provide an essential link between the impacts predicted and mitigation measures specified within the EIA and implementation and operation activities.
Certain activities/interventions will have an impact on the natural environment, the scale of which would depend on the existing baseline conditions along the corridor and thus would require a specific plan to institute and monitor mitigation measures and take desired actions in a timely manner. An EMP must be sub-project specific, clearly describing adverse impacts and mitigation actions to be taken. The magnitude and temporal scale of the sub-project road will determine the contents/coverage of the EMP. Depending on extent of issues that are to be avoided, minimized and/or mitigated, the EMP will have concrete/specific mitigation actions, timelines and responsible persons.
For each sub-project road, an EMP should address the following:
Mitigation, enhancement, protection and compensation measures for each phase including design pre-construction, construction, operation and maintenance
Mitigation performance monitoring (i.e. monitoring the operation and maintenance of mitigation measures and their targeted impacts)
PAP participation arrangements by project development phase
Disaster management contingency plan where applicable especially in areas with potential flooding, earthquake zones
Institutional arrangements for implementation, monitoring and reporting
Cost estimates for all EMP activities
Standard construction environmental safeguards clauses for engineering and civil works
For developing the EMP, DPR consultants will consider findings from the stakeholder/ public consultation process, including suggestions from domain experts and Project Affected People (PAP) and vulnerable people. For NHIIP project roads, a standalone EMP will be needed for a sub-project.
For Category A projects, World Bank guidelines require detailed EMPs. EMPs for the respective roads projects would be prepared using guidelines provided in the Annex C of OP 4.01 of the World Bank safeguards.
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Below are the proposed elements of an EMP:
Identified Impacts and Description of Mitigation Measures: Under this sub-heading, the EMP will describe the identified impacts that may result from the project interventions. With reference to each impact, it will describe feasible and cost effective measures to minimize impacts to acceptable levels. This section will also provide details on the conditions under which the mitigatory measures will be implemented whether as a routine or in the event of contingencies. The EMP will also distinguish between type of solution proposed (structural & non structural) and the phase in which it should become operable. Measures that can be taken to avoid, minimize or mitigate the extent of environmental damage have been detailed out in the annex.
Enhancement Plans: Positive impacts or opportunities arising out of the project will be identified during the EA process. Some of these opportunities can be further developed to draw environmental benefits to local communities within the project road corridor and the sub-region. The EMP will identify such opportunities and develop a plan to systematically harness any such benefit.
Monitoring Plan: In order to ensure that the proposed mitigatory measures have the intended results and comply with GoI and World Bank requirements, an environmental performance monitoring program will be included in the EMP with the following suggested details:
Monitoring indicators to be measured for evaluating the performance of each mitigatory measure. Indicators should include principles adopted for alignments, applicable GoI engineering standards for road widening, etc)
Monitoring mechanisms and methodologies
Monitoring frequency
Monitoring locations
Expected cost of monitoring
Responsibility
Institutional Arrangements: Institutions/parties responsible for implementing mitigatory measures and for monitoring their performances will be clearly identified along with any legal instruments that define their obligations. Where necessary, mechanisms for institutional co-ordination will be identified as often monitoring tends to involve more than one institution.
Implementation Schedules: Timing, frequency and duration of mitigation measures with links to overall implementation schedule of the project will be specified.
Reporting Procedures: Feedback mechanisms to inform the relevant parties on the progress and effectiveness of the mitigatory measures and monitoring itself will be specified. Guidelines on the type of information wanted and the presentation of feedback information will also be highlighted.
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Cost Estimates: Implementation of mitigatory measures mentioned in the EMP will involve an initial investment cost as well as recurrent costs. The EMP should include costs estimates for each measure and also identify sources of funding.
3.2 Key Principles/Guidelines for Engineering Design
In order to avoid and minimize adverse environmental and social impacts at sub-project level, the following principles are being adopted for alignment finalization:
1. The proposed right of way for bypasses will be 30 meters if the projected traffic is less than 15,000 PCUs in 2030 and 45m if the traffic is more than 15,000 PCUs in 2030.
2. The alignment would as far as possible stay within the existing right of way in forest areas. In case of exception, both options (within the existing right of way and the alignment proposal with forest land diversion) would be analyzed before a final decision is made.
3. The corridor of impact (CoI) for the project will broadly range between 15m to 18 m to fit the typical cross sections, space for drains, roadside furniture and utilities. However, in specific locations, CoI of less than 15m will also be considered to minimize the impact on properties. Whereas, in urban areas, if the available land width is found more than the required to fit the cross section, entire available space may be paved from building line to building line to facilitate parking etc.
4. Decision on bypasses and realignments is being taken based on a comparison of options with or without the proposed change in design on a case to case basis.
More so, findings from the environmental and social screening report provide the basis for developing engineering designs. In certain cases where results from the field assessments are not duly factored into project drawings, ecological footprints that could result from such proposed engineering designs are found to be significant. To eliminate such complexities, Highway Engineers will work hand in hand with the respective Environmental and Social Experts ensuring that proposed designs are environmentally, socially and economically viable. Until the EIAs are publicly disclosed and approved, engineering drawings would undergo a series of changes to incorporate all recommendations from the environmental and social stand point.
3.3 Consultation and Disclosure Requirements
Consultation with affected people, subject/domain experts and NGOs in preparing the EIA/EMP is critical for Category A projects. For all Category A projects/sub-pojects, the project proponent is expected to consult project-affected groups and local nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) about the project's environmental aspects and take their views into account. The project proponent should initiate such consultations at each stage of the project cycle. The disclosure of documents shall be as per requirements of GoI and WB procedures.
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3.4 Integration of EMP into Bidding Documents
Sections relevant for the construction stage will be integrated into the Bid Documents. More guidance has been provided in Annex. Contract documents will need to be incorporated with clauses directly linked to the implementation of environmental mnagement measures. Mechanisms such as linking the payment schedules to implementation of the said clauses need to be explored and implemented, as appropriate.
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Chapter 4
POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
Overall, the project is classified as environmental category A. This is based on the review of findings from the preliminary and detailed screening exercises. The following sections of the framework summarize possible environmental impacts that could arise and presents possible ways of addressing them.
4.1 Potential Environmental Issues and Impacts
The proposed expansion of the project roads and associated rehabilitation works will have varying levels of impacts on the surrounding environment – on natural and planted forests, on lands with agricultural, cultural and other socioeconomic and religious values, and to an extent on factors wildlife and wildlife habitats, particularly those located outside the designated protected areas such as National Parks and Sanctuaries.
Observations during preliminary field visits, desk study and results from the screening exercise identified that potential impacts could range from immediate to long term, could be direct or indirect including induced development, reversible or irreversible, and or cumulative as a result of interaction with other development activities ongoing in the sub-region.
The screening exercises also identified the environmental policies and regulations that are potentially triggered. Also, since most of the sub-projects serve as lifelines in the backward areas, the findings also indicate an over-all positive project outcome that is expected to be beneficial. However, the proposed expansion of the project roads and associated rehabilitation works will also create some adverse environmental and social impacts, particularly in project corridors involving realignments and bypasses beyond existing right of way (ROW). The exact quantum and significance of the likely environmental and social impacts will be determined after the completion of EIAs and SIAs, which are currently under preparation.
The direct, indirect and induced adverse impacts resulting as a result of widening of the project roads (Component 1) may cause adverse environmental impacts in the project area, if not addressed properly. The proposed works may have adverse impacts on reserved/protected forest areas through which the road corridors traverse, road-side plantation, water bodies, local drainage, public water supply sources, material sources, sensitive receptors, religious sites and common property resources located along the road.
While no roads will be financed in ecologically sensitive habitats such as national parks, tiger/elephant reserves and sanctuaries under this project, the presence of wildlife habitats and/or crossings outside the protected environs in some cases has been identified in the environment screening exercise. Further analysis/assessment for such sub-projects, which include NH-234 in Karnataka and NH-200, 201 and 217 in Orissa will determine the specific nature, magnitude and scale of such impacts.
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Diversion of Forest Lands
It is envisaged that engineering designs largely maintain road widening within the existing ROW limiting extent to which new land will be diverted except in built up stretches where realignments and bypasses are proposed as the most cost effective and environmentally benign alternative.. Findings from field assessments show that in majority of the roads, lands abutting the carriage way within the ROW and the Direct Impact Zone are mostly forest lands except in built up areas. Forests are categorized as protected forests or reserve forests. Construction works will involve removing trees in the ROW and in specified locations for workers camps, temporal connecting roads, temporary storage sheds for construction materials, temporal diversion of routes, etc. Depending on expanse of contiguous area cleared, forest loss could affect soil characteristics and soil stability increasing dust pollution and potential erosion. Where roadside forests provide assist with connecting larger forests, tree removal could affect its value as wildlife corridors.
Where road works involve bypasses or realigning existing carriageways, critical natural habitats such as protected areas, wildlife sanctuaries and reserves, under private or tribal ownership could be impacted. Such roads will need more robust planning and design to avoid, minimize and manage adverse environmental impacts.
From the screening reports, estimates of forest land to be diverted range from 0.5 ha to 10 hectares. These sub-projects will be subjected to applicable forest regulatory clearance as required by GoI and the concerned state governments. For stretches that are in close proximity (within 10km) of wildlife sanctuaries, biodiversity assessment will be carried in addition to results from environmental screening to ascertain potential direct and indirect impact on wildlife particularly where charismatic fauna and endangered species are involved.
Uptake of Agricultural Lands
In addition to uptake of forest lands, fertile agricultural lands could also be diverted. This may put pressure on less arable lands and could lead to environmental degradation of the area.
Impact on Wildlife
When project roads traverse close to natural forest reserves and wildlife sanctuaries (the road itself would be outside designated protected areas), construction process could increase noise levels, cause affect migration paths, impact availability and access to food especially for obligate herbivores and carnivorous faunal species. In corridors where surface water bodies usually used as watering holes by wildlife are affected, dependent wildlife will be affected.
Transportation and hauling of material and increased vehicular activity within the road corridor may introduce invasive species, increase noise and air pollution associated destroy plants with conservation value. Extraction of raw material for construction such as gravel, sand, etc outside designated locations could create further disturbance to the
Page 34 of 87 ecosystem by degrading habitat conditions. Also, one of the risks would be the possibility of increased wildlife poaching during construction.
Extraction and Management of Input Materials
Road construction will involve use of materials such as aggregates, sand, earth and water and other chemical inputs including bitumen, Grease, oil, petrol, kerosene and other substance considered to hazardous to human health or the environment according to the Management Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemicals (MSIHC) Rules of India. Uncontrolled extraction practices such as river sand quarrying, water extraction from both underground and ground sources, earth excavation could result in irreversible effects including depressions that may demand huge restorative actions. Improper disposal of construction material waste could affect local water sources and agricultural lands with related health issues.
Road Topography
Topography of most of the road corridors are flat plains, undulating with mild slopes and to a small degree, rolling terrains and mountainous with steep slopes. In Bihar, the flat terrains affect drainage conditions with increased potential for flooding, overtopping and soil erosion. Road works may thus involve raising the road to offset frequent overtopping. For road works that will involve slope cutting, concerns will evolve around increased potential for soil erosion, landslides especially during monsoonal seasons, debris storage, management and disposal.
Demolition Exercise
Bridge shifting works can generate debris which can obstruct waterways if not properly disposed.
Other Impacts
Increased traffic from upgraded roads may cause safety concerns for both road-users and road-side residents, occupational health related risks faced by construction workers and construction stage nuisances such as dust and noise. In towns with touristic sites and potential medium to large scale industrial plants/hubs, new commercial and public activities may lead to an increase in pressure on local and regional natural resources. Potential long-term impacts could include changes in land use patterns (from agriculture, natural habitats to real estate, or other non-farming purposes) and changes in occupational patterns.
4.2 Positive Impacts/Project Benefits
On the positive side, strengthened human capital from enhanced habitation connectivity and increased access to employment centers is important benefits of the project. Since the project road development is expected to be largely limited to the existing RoW, improvements will far outweigh the temporal disincentives to the surrounding environment in the corridors.
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Over-all, the project is expected to have positive impacts in terms of providing better connectivity and improved access to populations in less developed or remote areas to more advanced socio-economic centers. Local businesses and inhabitants in the area of influence of the project roads as well as users of the project roads will be direct beneficiaries of the project. These people will have improved access to higher service level highways and transport services. Benefit will also accrue from the savings in travel time and transportation costs. Other expected positive outcomes of the project include improved access to a larger number of economic opportunities, better health services, facilities and higher levels of education, and improved road safety.
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Chapter 5
STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION
Stakeholder consultations form a very crucial part of all development projects, including infrastructure and are usually carried out as a continuous process through the project cycle. Public and stakeholder consultations and workshops during the design and project planning stages provide the medium for sharing information about the project objectives and scope, alternative design options, and stakeholder perceptions regarding proposed investment plans. Ensuring an open and transparent information exchange about the project at this stage, lays a good foundation for an inclusive and participatory implementation process.
In view of the scope of interventions giving reference to the GoI regulatory policies on EIAs along with provisions under the Bank's safeguard requirements, the project is generally categorized as A. It has triggered the World Bank O.P/B.P 4.01- Environmental Assessment. For a category A operation, both the GoI EIA guidelines and the World Bank‟s safeguards policies require comprehensive consultations with all key stakeholders including communities residing in the project corridor particularly women, disabled, youth; NGOs; civil society groups; road users; private sector; local traditional leaders, district and state government officers involved in the project; and other categories of stakeholders that may be peculiar to the area under consideration such as scheduled castes, scheduled tribes, forest dwellers, etc.
Conforming to the GoI Right to Information Act, 2005 and the World Bank Consultation and Disclosure Policy, and to meet the project‟s needs for an inclusive participatory process during project planning, design, implementation, supervision and monitoring, MORTH PIC with guidance and assistance from the World Bank will facilitate (public and focused group) consultations/workshop plan for each project road that covers the following key stages:
- Preliminary consultative session at the very early stages of the project design when the first set of engineering designs are developed
- Second round of consultations on the engineering design once recommendations from the first consultations have been considered in revised designs taking into considerations concerns about bypasses, realignments, land acquisitions, forest diversions, tribal forest land concerns
- When the draft EIA TORs are complete
- Public consultations on the draft EIAs with the respective SPCB (where an Environmental Clearance is required)
- Once the final EIA are cleared for official release into the public domain
During the first sets of public discussions, the DPR/Feasibility Consultants will carry out a series of stakeholder consultations in the project areas to present and to seek inputs and
Page 37 of 87 feedback on the project objectives, design options, activities plan, and to determine stakeholder interest to participate in project activities.
Before finalizing the EIA reports, another round of consultations would be carried out to ensure that all key stakeholders are well aware of the project, the potential impacts (positive and negative) and mitigation measures, and to lay out a plan for participation in monitoring, implementation and supervision/auditing. The active participatory process would ensure that the local communities, ultra poor groups in the communities and ethnic groups and women, in the project areas will not be worse off and that benefits or positive effects are well distributed.
To ensure that consultations are useful to the affected groups, the client and the agency conducting it, this case the DPR consultants, the consultants will ensure an environment where participants, irrespective of social status, would be able to express their opinions and preferences freely. The consultants will provide relevant material in a timely manner prior to the consultations in a form and language that are comprehensible and accessible to the groups that are participating in the consultations.
Over-all, the consultations would:
Learn about the community needs and preferences with respect to the project objective to improve connectivity through widening and rehabilitating project roads
Identify and agree on alignment options that have relatively lesser impact on affected people
Discuss the environmental and social safeguard implications/impacts that might be associated with the suggested alignment or bypass options, along with the impact mitigation guidelines and measures adopted in the EMF
Where voluntary lands are involved, identify the donors
Discuss compensatory afforestation plans
Have the community identify grievance and redress mechanisms for resolving project design and implementation concerns
Determine the main pillars of a communication/consultation strategy that will be adopted throughout the project phases
Determine options for engaging local community and NGOs in the operation
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Chapter 6
INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGMENTS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
The Environment Management Framework needs to be applied and implemented at all stages of the project. This requires an institutional mechanism to deal with various processes and issues.
6.1 Project Implementation Structure
The over-all proposed project implementation structure is depicted in the following diagram:
NHIIP-1 EMP Implementation Arrangements and Responsibilities
NHIIP-1 Proposed EMP Implementation Arrangements and Responsibilities at the National, State and Project Level
Project Implementation Project Management Cell . Envtal Advice Coordinator/Nodal Consultant Cell (PMC) Officer Environmental Officer - ECO Project MORTH Regional Officer Information
(RO)
Decision Reporting
Project Implementation Unit --State Public Works Dept (PWD)
Reporting Environmental Officer/Forest Officer
Reporting
Decision
Advice
eporting R
Construction Supervision Consultant (CSC) – Environmental Expert
Integrated Performance
& Mgt
Auditor (IPA) reporting Contract Contract Environmental Monitoring Monitoring Consultant Contractor at state level – Safety and Environmental Officer Project Information
Within the institutional framework proposed for the project, preparation, implementation, supervision and monitoring of environment functions, particularly the Environment Management Plans (EMP), will be carried out at the three levels - national Page 39 of 87 center, state level and the project/community level with an inbuilt mechanism for coordinating activities at all levels.
Specific functions will be delegated to the Environmental Experts assigned to the MORTH at the national center ( Project Implementation Cell), the National Highways wings of the respective state Public Works Departments (Project Implementation Unit), Construction Supervision Consultants, and the civil works engineering contractors, some Non- Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and other local civil society bodies.
National Level
At the central level, the Project Implementation Cell within the MORTH will serve as a facilitator, overseeing overall responsibilities spanning policy development, fund disbursement, learning coordination and information sharing as well as monitoring and evaluation. Specifically towards managing environmental issues, the PIC will contract a Project Management Consultant (PMC) with a designated Environment Expert who will provide advisory services to the MoRTH‟s (PIC) National Level Nodal Environmental Officer.
The PMC Environment Officer will support PIC on critical issues and provide up to date guidance and recommendations for effectively managing environment related project activities at the state and project levels. The PMC EO will facilitate cross learning between state PIUs and civil contractors and enhance coordinated reporting on progress with implementation of the EMP. The PMC EO will liaise with the Social and engineering Experts on the PMC to ensure a comprehensive and coordinated approach to the EMPs.
State Level
For each state, a Project Implementation Unit (PIU) will be created in the State (PWD) with a multidisciplinary staff expertise in environment and social safeguards, project management, monitoring and supervision, procurement and fiduciary issues. Institutional structures for the Project Implementation Unit (PIU) may differ relatively to reflect the unique requirements of the state.
The Environment and/ Forest Officer (E/FO) designated to the PIU will over-see and co- ordinate various aspects related to the environment management as envisaged under each sub-project. The E/FO will provide specific guidance on policy and regulatory requirements specific to the state and local setting to the DPR consultants. The E/FO will also provide guidance on the process and steps for obtaining any requisite clearances. The Environment /Forest Officers will support in terms of building PIU team capacity for incorporating environmental concerns in design, implementation and operation of the sub-project. The E/FO will collaborate strongly with counterpart social and engineering specialist on the PIU as well as the Construction Supervision consultant and will report to the Project Management Consultant through the PIC. Where there are multiple sub- project roads within one state, separate sub- PIUs will be established within the State PWD to reduce overburdening with implementing multiple sub-projects.
Together with the Social Expert on the PIU, the Environment/Forest Officer will :
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ensure integration of the EIA and resulting EMP into the sub-project design and implementation plans (contract documents)
monitor implementation of the mitigation measures by the Contractors
assist the engineers at site by providing appropriate environmental advice, and developing/revising environmental mitigation measures for the sub-projects
assist the PIU to carry out participatory consultation during planning, design and implementation of sub-project
document experiences associated with and lessons learned from environmental mitigation and prepare useful training materials for both internal and external capacity building
prepare regular periodic progress reports on the implementation of the EMP throughout project implementation
Project Level
Actual civil works and reconstruction of the project roads will be carried out by the Construction Consultants/Contractors under the direct supervision of Construction Supervision Consultants. The Environmental Expert on the Contractor team will ensure strict compliance with the environmental contractual clauses and will report on progress or challenges to the Construction Supervisory team.
6.2 Monitoring Arrangements for Effective Environmental Management
In order to ensure that the proposed mitigatory measures have the intended results and complies with GoI and World Bank requirements, an environmental performance monitoring program would be carried out. This could be achieved through daily and more sequenced monitoring by the Environment Experts on the contractor, CSC and PMC respectively.
Construction Phase Monitoring
In selecting the monitoring parameters, care will be taken to choose parameters according to the characteristic features of the existing environmental baseline conditions ensuring that parameters are both cost effective and viable for identifying changes that deviate from predetermined impacts. The plan will be designed on the premise that civil works and related activities will have relatively less significant effects on existing conditions and residual impacts will be controlled using the EMP. Results from the monitoring the environmental parameters will be compared to MOEF and CPCB/SPCB legal limits.
Operational Phase Monitoring
It is envisaged that operation of the reconstructed highways will present fewer environmental impacts compared to the construction phase. Monitoring indicators for the operation phase will be based on feedback from local surveys and from planned social responsibility/peripheral development activities. Monitoring during the operational phase
Page 41 of 87 will be carried out more frequently especially during the first year of operation to ensure that any complaints about the road operation is readily captured and resolved.
Auditing
A Third Party Audit will review the effectiveness of the implementation of environmental management plan. Primarily the auditing exercise will determine whether the sub- projects comply with all environmental regulatory performance standards in addition to any GoI stipulated highway construction and operation standards. Auditing process will test the accuracy of reports from field assessments and cost effectiveness of management measures. It entails a systematic, documented and periodic review of project implementation and could be a very useful tool to improve project management performance.
Instituted environmental audits at the project road level and at the overall operation level is critical for an operation of this dimension. In this regard, the operation will incorporate a series of independent verification and audit mechanisms both at design and implementation phases. At the preparation phase, the project will launch a one- time independent technical audit of the EMF and the EIAs. During the construction phase, NHIIP will contract chartered accounting firms to conduct bi-annual or annual performance audit that will include financial management, procurement and safeguard compliance. As Integrated Environmental and Social Performance Auditor, the firm(s) will review all sub-project documents and visit a representative sample of project roads for validation of safeguards compliance. These will complement system enhancements that are aimed at monitoring efficiency and quality of expenditure within the NHIIP-1 project.
With respect to environmental issues, the performance audits will:
collect, analyze and interpret monitoring results to detect changes related to implementation and
operation of specific activities
verify if monitoring parameters are in compliance with national set standards
compare the predicted impacts with actual impacts and evaluate the accuracy of predictions in view of proposed mitigation measures
evaluate the effectiveness of implementation of the EMP
loop back into the EMP, any short comings identified from the auditing
identify and report if there is non-compliance with the EMP and where applicable identify replicable lessons from the monitoring
To facilitate auditing process, auditors may first develop a structured questionnaire based on the EMP and this can be administered to state officers involved in the project, construction engineers, PAP, etc. Depending on specific characteristics of the sub-project road, audits can be carried out at regular intervals or on ad hoc basis or when mitigation is not carried out as defined by the EMP leading to public concern.
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6.3 Measures to Introduce/Strengthen Institutional Capacity
To meet the multiple and varied nature of environment challenges that the project poses, capacity needs will be built at the central, state and project levels responsible for planning and designing and implementing the sub-projects and the EMPs. In this respect, NHIIP-1 will also initiate some key activities with MORTH and the participating states as enumerated below: a) Capacity Building and Mainstreaming Environmental Dimensions in the Technical Standards: The existing limited implementation capacity can affect environmental outcomes despite safeguard provisions. This dearth in capacity will be addressed through enhanced technical assistance and training, and sharing of environmental and social lessons from similar national highway projects. Technical assistance component (TA) and training on the management of key environmental issues of highway roads development program, such as planning, design and/or construction of roads in ecologically sensitive areas; drainage design and management; slopes and debris management in hilly terrain and materials management, will be provided to the engineers and contractors. The NHIIP-1 may provide assistance in revising IRC codes on highway construction. This can also include a manual towards creation of „green highways‟. b) Integration of Environmental Aspects in the Operations Manual: The Operations Manual (OM) of NHIIP ( a key document that lays out the detailed procedures) will be prepared to reflect the environmental management procedure that will govern the operation c) Integration of EHS requirements in the Standard Bidding Document: Inappropriate construction practices can cause adverse environmental, health and safety (EHS) impacts, especially from the improper scheduling of works, unsafe handling of hazardous materials and haphazard dumping of construction wastes (including earth cuts in hills). To ensure improved environmental management during the construction stage, a section clearly specifying preventive and mitigation measures to be taken by the contractor will be introduced in the Standard Bidding Document (SBD). Compliance with these specifications will be supervised as part of project technical supervision.
6.4 EMP Implementation Budget
In view of the environmental management measures suggested above and factoring in the limited implementation capacity of the state PIUs, necessary budgetary provisions should be made for different sub-projects. Tentative budget for each of the sub-projects should include environmental management cost, monitoring cost.
6.5 Environment Management – Additional Guidance/Tools
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In addition to the above tools, many aspects of the environmental codes of practice developed by the National Rural Roads Development Agency, Ministry of Rural Development are very relevant to the operation. Annex provides a preliminary list of the applicable codes of practice from the National Rural Development Agency‟s ECoP.
The EMF adopts and applies the India Environmental Codes of Practice for rural roads. Even though the ECoPs are designed for rural roads, these are useful and provide technical solutions that incorporate principles of environmentally sound and sustainable planning and design for expanding and rehabilitating the project highways. The ECOP provides appropriate guidance useful in enhancing positive impacts and to avoid, minimize and mitigate adverse impacts.
The activity-specific codes address design, construction and operation-stage issues associated with: (a) site preparation; (b) construction camps and plant sites; (c) borrow and quarry areas; (d) water management; (e) slope stability and erosion control (including introduction of bio-engineering practices); (f) waste management; (g) drainage; (h) public and workers health and safety; (i) cultural properties (including handling of „chance-find‟); and (j) tree plantation.
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ANNEXURES
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Annex 1 Generic Terms of Reference for Conducting an EIA
Environment Assessment (EA) is a decision support mechanism to ensure that the project design and implementation are environmentally sound and sustainable. During the preparation phase, the objective of the EA is to provide inputs to the selection of sub-projects, feasibility study; preliminary and detailed design as well as assist development of a holistic development of the project package. During the implementation phase, environmental management plans (developed as a part of the EA during the preparation phase) are to be used for executing the environmental mitigation, enhancement and monitoring measures.
Objectives of EA
In the preparation phase, the EA shall achieve the following objectives:
1. Identify and analyze upstream environmental issues that may affect the project and the sector.
2. Establish the environmental baseline in the study area, and identify any significant environmental issues (direct/indirect/induced/cumulative)
3. Assess impacts of the project, and provide for measures to address the adverse impacts by the provision of the requisite avoidance, mitigation and compensation measures
4. Integrate the environmental issues in the project planning and design; and
5. Develop appropriate management plans for implementing, monitoring and reporting of the suggested environmental mitigation and enhancement measures.
The environmental assessment studies and reporting requirements to be undertaken under these TOR must conform to the GoI/GoB regulations and the Bank guidelines.
Description of the Project
(Include description of the project; covering geographical location, type of development envisaged, including a description of project activities. Also include current status of the project. Provide brief information on any other study already completed/on-going or proposed) ... to be added by Client.
Scope of Work
The EA comprises the following 3 components: (i) Environmental screening for the entire project; (ii) Environmental Assessment (EA) for the individual project/sub-projects, as required; and (c) Environmental Management Plans (EMPs) for the individual project/sub-projects.
The following section gives the detailed scope of work in each of these stages.
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Inception
The Consultants shall use the inception period to familiarize with the project details. The Consultants shall recognize that the remaining aspects of the project, such as engineering and social, would be studied in parallel, and it is important for all these aspects are integrated into the final project design to facilitate their successful project implementation. The Consultants should also recognize that due care and diligence planned during the inception stage helps in improving the timing and quality of the EA reports.
During the inception period the Consultants shall: (a) study the project information to appreciate the context within which the EA has to be carried-out; (b) identify the sources of secondary information on the project, on similar projects and on the project area; (c) carry out a reconnaissance survey and (d) undertake preliminary consultations with selected stakeholders.
Following the site visits and stakeholder consultations, as well as a review of the conditions of contract with the Client, the consultant shall analyse the adequacy of the allocated man-power, time and budget and shall clearly bring out deviations, if any. The Consultant shall study the various available surveys, techniques, models and software in order to determine what would be the most appropriate in the context of this project.
The Consultant shall interact with the engineering and social consultants to determine how the EA work fits into the over-all project preparation cycle; how overlapping areas are to be jointly addressed; and to appropriately plan the timing of the deliverables of the EA process. These shall be succinctly documented in the Inception Report.
Environmental Screening
Consultants shall summarize the known sub-project/s into different categories that relate to the magnitude potential environmental impacts. During such categorization, consideration shall be paid to: (i) location of sub-project with respect to environmentally sensitive areas; and (ii) volume, nature and technology of construction. The screening parameters should be such that their identification and measurement is easy, and does not involve detailed studies. The screening criteria shall also contain exclusion criteria, for sub-projects, which should not be taken up due to potential significant environmental impacts that cannot be mitigated (including, but not limited to, permanent obstruction to wildlife corridors, or opening up increased access to threatened biodiversity resource hotspots, or construction on top of eroded and vulnerable flood embankments).
Environmental Scoping
Based on result of the environmental screening exercise, consultants shall suggest the scope of Environmental Assessment to be undertaken. It shall include a listing of other environment issues that do not deserve a detailed examination in the project EA (covering, for example, induced impacts that may be outside the purview of the client) along with a justification. The scoping needs to identify and describe the specific
Page 47 of 87 deviations or inclusions vis-à-vis the EA ToR provided, if any, along with a justification; modify this ToR for the sub-project EA, if required; and recommend studies that need to be conducted in parallel but are outside the EA process.
Baseline
All regionally or nationally recognized environmental resources and features within the project‟s influence area shall be clearly identified, and studied in relation to activities proposed under the project. These will include all protected areas (such as national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, reserved forests, RAMSAR sites, biosphere reserves, wilderness zones), unprotected and community forests and forest patches, wetlands of local/regional importance not yet notified, rivers, rivulets and other surface water bodies. and sensitive environmental features such as wildlife corridors, biodiversity hotspots, meandering rivers, flood prone areas, areas of severe river erosion, flood embankments (some of which are also used as roads). Consultants shall consolidate all this information in a map of adequate scale.
Stakeholder Identification and Consultation
Consultation with the stakeholders shall be used to improve the plan and design of the project rather than merely having project information dissemination sessions. The consultants shall carry out consultations with Experts, NGOs, concerned Government Agencies and other stakeholders to: (a) collect baseline information; (b) obtain a better understanding of the potential impacts; (c) appreciate the perspectives/concerns of the stakeholders; and (d) secure their active involvement during subsequent stages of the project.
Consultations shall be preceded by a systematic stakeholder analysis, which would: (a) identify the individual or stakeholder groups relevant to the project and to environmental issues; (b) include expert opinion and inputs; (c) determine the nature and scope of consultation with each type of stakeholders; and (d) determine the tools to be used in contacting and consulting each type of stakeholder group. A systematic consultation plan with attendant schedules will be prepared for subsequent stages of project preparation as well as implementation and operation, as required.
Identification of Relevant Macro/Regional Level Environmental Issues
Consultants shall determine the Valued Environment Components (VECs) considering the baseline information (from both secondary and primary sources), the preliminary understanding of the activities proposed in the project and, most importantly, the stakeholder (and expert) consultations, which would need to be carefully documented. Use of iterative Delphi techniques is recommended.
Based on the identification of VECs, consultants shall identify information gaps to be filled, and conduct additional baseline surveys, including primary surveys. The consultants shall conduct a preliminary analysis of the nature, scale and magnitude of the impacts that the project is likely to cause on the environment, especially on the
Page 48 of 87 identified VECs, and classify the same using established methods. For the negative impacts identified, alternative mitigation/management options shall be examined, and the most appropriate strategy/technique should be suggested. The preliminary assessment should clearly identify aspects where the consultants shall also analyse indirect and cumulative impacts during all phases and activities of the project. For the positive measures identified, alternative and preferred enhancement measures shall be proposed.
Environmental Assessment
The Consultants shall undertake necessary impact analysis on the basis of primary and secondary information and outputs from the stakeholder consultation process.
In the cases of very significant environmental losses or benefits, the consultants shall estimate the economic/financial costs of environment damage and the economic/financial benefits the project is likely to cause. In the cases, the impacts or benefits are not too significant, qualitative methods could be used. In addition, wherever economic and financial costs of the environmental impacts cannot be satisfactorily estimated, or in the cases of significant irreversible environmental impacts, the consultants shall make recommendations to avoid generating such impacts.
Environmental Management Plan
The consultants shall prepare an EMP to address identified planning, design, construction and operation stage issues. For each issue, the consultants shall prepare a menu of alternative avoidance, mitigation, compensation, enhancement and/or mitigation measures, as required/necessary. Consultants shall provide robust estimates of costs for environmental management measures. These costs shall be verified for common works items in line with the rate analysis for other works. The consultants shall organize consultations with line departments and will the finalize the EMP.
Environmental Inputs to Feasibility Study and Preliminary Project Design
The EA consultants shall make design recommendations, related to alignment, cross- sections, construction material use, mitigation and enhancement measures. The EA consultants shall interact regularly with the Client and familiarize themselves with the project‟s over-all feasibility analyses models, so that the EA inputs are in conformity to the needs of the over-all feasibility study.
Capacity Building and Training Plan Preparation
Based on the preliminary findings of the environmental screening, stakeholder consultations and institutional analysis of the implementing agency‟s capacity to manage environmental issues, the consultants shall prepare a Capacity Building Plan to mainstream environmental management in the implementing agency‟s activities by the end of project implementation period. Earmarking staff for environmental management and improving their skill-sets would be simultaneously pursued during project Page 49 of 87 preparation and implementation. In addition, recommendations should be made concerning any changes to guidelines, standards and regulations, which would improve medium and long term environmental management in the line departments works.
A detailed training plan shall be prepared to develop and strengthen environmental capacities of the client and other associated agencies/departments. The strategy should include a mix of hands-on training for key staff involved in project preparation, site visits to similar projects, and whenever required, full-fledged academic programs on environmental management at well-recognized institutions.
The consultants shall conduct orientation training for the key client, early in the assignment. Periodic training at various levels should continue during project preparation to ensure that the knowledge, skills and perspectives gained during the EA assignment are transferred to the Client and are utilized effectively during project implementation.
Mechanisms for improved co-ordination between Client and Line departments
The consultants shall examine the various options available for improved and timely co- ordination between various state government departments. These could take the form of written MoUs for specific activities, apex co-ordination committee of top bureaucrats, or any such mechanism that can be effective in reducing delays in ancillary activities such as, but not limited to, shifting of utilities and obtaining required regulatory permissions.
Co-ordination among Engineering, Social, Environment and Other Studies
The consultants, with assistance from the Client, shall establish a strong co-ordination with the other project-preparation studies – engineering, social and/or institutional development. The consultants shall keep in mind the specific requirements of the project in general, and the engineering/design studies in particular, and shall plan their outputs accordingly. It is recommended that some of the consultation sessions may be organised in co-ordination with the social and engineering consultants, as feasible, and when the stakeholders consulted are the same.
The consultant shall review the contract documents – technical specifications, and rate analysis, to ensure that there are minimal conflicts between the EMP stipulations and specifications governing the execution of works under the project.
Public Disclosure
The consultants shall prepare a non-technical EA summary report for public disclosure and will provide support to the client in meeting the disclosure requirements, which at the minimum shall meet the World Bank‟s policy on Public Disclosure. The consultants will prepare a plan for in-country disclosure, specifying the timing and locations; translate the key documents (including executive summary of EA/EMP) in local language; draft the newspaper announcements for disclosure; and help the client to place all the EA reports in the client‟s website.
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Consultant’s Inputs
The Consultants are free to employ resources as they see fit. Additional expertise, shall be provided as demanded by the context of the project. The consultants are encouraged to visit the project area and familiarize themselves, at their own cost, before submitting the proposal; and propose an adequate number and skill-set for the senior specialists and technical support staff for the EA assignment. Further, the consultant will allocate adequate number of field surveyors, distinct from the technical support staff, to complete the study in time. Timing is an important essence for any EA study, which shall be closely co-ordinated with the works of the engineering and social teams, simultaneously involved in preparation of the project.
The consultants shall provide for all tools, models, software, hardware and supplies, as required to complete the assignment satisfactorily. These should be widely recognized or accepted. Any new model or tool or software employed should be field-tested before use or the purpose of this EA.
The consultants shall make formal presentations, co-ordinated by the client, at key milestones on the (a) proposed work plan after submitting the Inception Report; (b) recommendations from the environmental screening; and (c) EA findings, design and EMP recommendations. All supporting information gathered by the consultant in undertaking these terms of reference would be made available to the client.
Consultant’s Outputs
The consultant is expected to provide the following outputs, as per the schedule given in the ToR. The Consultants are expected to allocate resources, such as for surveys, keeping this output schedule in mind.
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Annex 2 Guidance Note for Incorporation of Environment Management Plan into Contract Documents
The purpose of the annex is to provide some guidance on the integration of the EMP/ GEMP into the contract documents of a sub-project.
Environment requirements in the pre-bid documents
1. The project implementing agency, i.e. PIU / the Line Departments issue the pre-bid documents to shortlist a few contractors, based on their expression of interest and capability. While details on environmental requirements are really not required in the pre-bid stage, it is useful to mention that the contractor is expected to have good environmental management capability or experience.
Incorporating EMP in the Bid Document
2. The project implementing agency (line department) issues the bid documents to the pre-qualified contractors. There are two kinds of bid documents, for International Competitive Bids (ICB) and National Competitive Bids (NCB). In Bank projects, these documents are prepared based on templates (separate for ICB and NCB) provided by the Bank. The ICB documents are based on the FIDIC (i.e., an acronym for the International Institute of Consulting Engineers) guidelines, while the NCB is closer to the national contracting procedures, i.e. the Central PWD contract documents in India. The bid documents contain separate volumes. For instance, a typical ICB document contains:(i) General Conditions of Contract, which is based on the FIDIC; (ii) Technical Specifications, which is based on the applicable specifications in India for similar infrastructure related works; (iii) Bill of Quantities and (iv) Drawings.
3. The EMP parts/sections should be included in the relevant locations of the bid documents in the following way:
Mitigation/enhancement measures & monitoring requirements tables
The cross-reference to these tables should be included in the “conditions of particular application (COPA)”, which is a part of the General Conditions of Contract (e.g. Section IV, Item 19.1 of the ICB). As a standard practice, there is an over-all reference to the laws that have to be followed in this section/item. The relevant laws need to be mentioned here. In addition, the adherence to the mitigation/enhancement measures and table on monitoring requirements should be included. The two tables will have to be added as Annexes or the entire EMP (without cost and drawings) as a whole should be attached. Either the Annexes or the appropriate section in the EMP should be cross-referred in the description of this item.
Modifications/additions to the technical specifications
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Due to the mitigation/enhancement measures included in the EMP, there may be (a) additions/alterations required to the applicable specifications and/or (b) there may be a need to add new specification/s. These are to be referred in the section on “Supplementary Specifications” in the Technical Specifications Volume of the bid document. Generally, the GoI applicable specifications are already referred/listed and are not repeated in the bid documents. However, changes and additions to these specifications are made through the inclusion of a section “Supplementary Specifications.” This section should also include additional technical specifications related to the EMP or should provide a cross- reference to the specific section of the EMP.
Cost table
All the items in the EMP cost table relevant to the contractor have to be referred in the Bill of Quantities (BoQ) table, which is a separate volume of the bid documents. It is to be noted that the BoQ table in the bid document includes the various tasks to be done by the contractor under different categories. Against each task, the contractor will have to indicate a unit rate while completing the bid documents.
Drawings
All EMP drawings are to be reflected in the „Drawings‟ volume of the Bid document. If the drawings are included in the EMP, then a cross-reference should be provided in the Drawings Volume.
Developing the EMP to suit the bid/contract document
4. As one of the intentions is to integrate the EMP requirements into the bid documents/contract Agreement, the EMP should be developed keeping the following in mind:
a. Mitigation/enhancement measures: In the Mitigation/Enhancement Measure table, the text describing each measure should not include/repeat what is already covered under the technical specification/s, and this should only be cross- referred. The text should be short, clear and succinct. The description should focus on “what” and “where” of the mitigation / enhancement measure as the “how” of the measure is covered under the specification.
b. Monitoring requirements table: There are certain monitoring requirements for the contractor. While developing the Monitoring Requirement table, those that pertain to the contractor should be clearly mentioned.
c. Technical specifications: The modifications to the specifications and the additional specifications should be separately listed. These should be included as Annexure in the EMP. The (added or modified) technical specifications should be adequately detailed to avoid problems (including that of interpretations) at site.
d. Drawings: The modifications to the drawings and the additional drawings should be included as Annexure in the EMP. It is important to note that all drawings Page 53 of 87
included/ added should be “execution drawings” detailed as per requirement of the particular item so as to execute at site with adequate quality control and workmanship. Also, it is important to note that the quality of BoQ [or cost estimate] and technical specifications part of the contract document depends on the degree of detailing in the drawings.
e. Cost table: The items pertaining to the contractor should be clearly separated from the expenditures that are to be incurred by the project implementing agency, supervision consultant and/or any other agency/organization.
f. Timing for finalizing EMP: It is best to finalize the EMP before the finalizing the bid documents. This is required to fully reflect the sections of the EMP relevant to the contractor in the bid document and to ensure its proper integration.
Other Notes
Once the completed bids have been received from prospective contractors, the project implementing agency takes a decision based on the costs and the technical merit of the bids. Following the decision, the implementing agency and the chosen contractor sign and counter-sign the completed bid documents. It becomes the contract agreement thereafter. If issues have been missed in the bid documents, it cannot be amended at the time of signing the contract agreement stage unless there is a really strong justification for the same. If there is an EMP cost item that is not reflected in the BoQ of the signed contract agreement, the supervision consultant/engineer may issue a variation order, if such case has merit. Contractor will quote a rate and the task gets done. This issue of variation orders is a standard practice and can be used, if found necessary. However, the intent of the good contracting practices should be to minimize variation orders and therefore EMP should be carefully prepared and integrated in the bid document.
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Annex 3
Detailed Environment Screening Guidance Note
A. Purpose/Objectives of Environment Screening
The environmental screening exercise is undertaken to determine the key environmental issues/concerns and the nature and magnitude of the potential environmental impacts that are likely to arise on account of proposed project/sub-project interventions. The major or key environmental issues to be identified will be determined by the type, location, sensitivity and scale of the project/sub-project. The results/findings from this exercise are/will be used to determine:
- the extent and type of Environmental (Impact) Assessment requirement
- the environmental category of the project/sub-project
The screening result will also be an important input for analyzing the „feasibility‟ of the project/sub-project along with engineering/economics and social criteria.
B. Environmental Screening - Report Structure
The table of contents/presentation structure of the Environment Screening Report has been mentioned below:
Table of Contents
Executive Summary
Chapter 1: Introduction
Project Description
Project Proponent
Description of the sub-project
(including its location, proposed start and end points, regional setting, scale and size)
Over-view of major key sub-project activities
Need for the sub-project
Expected benefits from the sub-project
Various studies/reports being prepared for the project and how the environment screening study relates to/feeds into the over-all project preparation
Chapter 2: Methodology Adopted for Environment Screening Exercise
Purpose/Objectives of the Environment Screening Exercise
Methodology (step-by-step process) adopted for Environment Screening Exercise
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Project Influence Area (mention the direct and indirect spatial zone considered for the environment screening study)
Types and sources of data collection
Weightage/ranking system used (kindly refer annex 1)
Data gaps/constraints, if any
Structure of the Environment Screening Report
Chapter 3: Baseline Environmental Conditions
Natural Environment
Over-all environmental setting of the project (including topography)
Natural resource availability
Natural hazards and vulnerability of the sub-project area
Air Quality
Water availability and quality (include both surface and ground water sources)
Drainage conditions/issues
Slope stability (soil type/s; erosion; landslide/landslip problems, if any)
Visual resources (if any)
Biological Environment
Protected Natural Habitats
(Biosphere Reserves; National Parks and Sanctuaries)
Wildlife Habitats (outside designated protected areas) (including bird habitats, aquatic habitats, as relevant)
Presence of Forest (Reserved, Protected or of any other category)
Flora/vegetation (general)
(include a broad estimate of trees (no.) that may get affected)
Presence of vulnerable, threatened and/or endangered species of flora and fauna, if any
Physical and Socio-economic Environment
Land-use
Socio-economic characteristics of the project influence area
(including transportation network; existing economic/ employment base)
Cultural resources
(archeological heritage; religious structures; local built heritage and art forms) Page 56 of 87
Safety
Presence of sensitive receptors such as schools/colleges/health centers/hospitals
Local level features and issues
(features such as presence of mandis/markets/haats or pastures and issues like noise, vibration, congestion, waste dumping along the road, presence of contaminated sites)
Chapter 4: Stakeholder Consultation
Definition of stakeholder
Types/categories of stakeholders consulted for the Feasibility/Screening studies
Details about the consultations carried out
Provide summary in the chapter and supporting details in the annex.
In the summary, kindly mention when, where, how many people attended, key topics discussed and information shared.
Clearly list out findings including areas/issues that are of concern to the stakeholders and need attention.
Chapter 5: Regulatory and Institutional Regime
Environmental policies and their implications/application in the sub-project context
Environmental acts and their implications/application in the sub-project context
Environmental categorization
Inter-national/national conventions and their implications/application in the sub- project context
Environmental permits/approvals that will be required for the sub-project (include specific local requirements, if any)
Existing institutional arrangements/set-up (both in terms of environmental regulatory agencies and project proponent set-up)
Chapter 6: Assessment of Key Environmental Impacts
Link-up existing environmental conditions with proposed project intervention/s and identify/assess the potential environmental issues/impacts on natural, biological and physical environmental attributes that may result in this process.
Look at the key issues that may result purely on account of proposed project intervention/s (such as safety issues; drainage alterations)
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Analyze/propose alternative options that can avoid and/or reduce the identified potential impacts
Chapter 7: Findings/Recommendations of Environmental Screening Exercise
Summary of results (weightage) from the environment screening exercise
Key issues/concerns identified
Summary of key benefits from the sub-project/project intervention
Key recommendations from the stakeholder consultation exercise
Summary - opportunities and constraints at the sub-project level
Scoping (focus) of the EA
(mention specific areas/aspects that need to be studied in detail)
Recommendation(s)/conclusion
References
Annexure/s
Names and contact details of key staff involved in the Feasibility (including Environment and Social Screening exercise)
Stakeholder consultation details
Details of the data collected
Note
This is a typical or generic reporting structure and so kindly do include any specific environmental feature/issue that is unique to the sub-project and has not been mentioned here. This can/should also include any specific local regulatory requirement.
Please use the „weightage matrix‟ provided in Annex 1 and format for presenting results given in Annex 2. This will help in making a more objective comparison between various sub-projects at the central level. The environmental sensitivity or ranking will clearly emerge through this and will influence decision-making at the over-all project level. However, for meaningful and factual analysis at the central level, consultants must ensure that the information is clearly captured/presented in the Environmental Screening Report, including a clear mention about data gaps/constraints, if any. Not doing so can otherwise lead to erroneous decisions and affect project planning and delivery at a later date, requiring mid-course correction. An objective screening process is an attempt to avoid/minimize such unwarranted situation/s.
Kindly ensure that any map/s, cross-section/s and photographs provided in the report are legible and correctly labeled.
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Environment Screening Methodology – Tabulating Screening Results
Use the format given below to tabulate the result of the environmental screening exercise. It will provide inputs for the „feasibility study‟ and will give direction to the „scoping exercise‟ for the EIA.
1. Natural Environment
S. No. Environmental Attribute Total Weight Score
1 Topography 4
2 Vulnerability to natural hazards 4
3 Surface water resources 5
4 Drainage Conditions 5
5 Ground water resources 4
6 Materials Availability 4
7 Soil Erosion 4
Total 30
2. Biological Environment
S. No. Environmental Attribute Total Weight Score
1 Designated Protected Areas 10
2 Wildlife habitat/s (outside designated PAs) 6
Migratory route/crossing of wild animals 3 6 and birds (outside designated PAs)
4 Reserved Forests (RFs) 5
5 Protected or Other Forest/s 5
6 Green tunnels 4
7 Road side trees 4
Total 40
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3. Physical and Socio-economic Environment
S. No. Environmental Attribute Total Weight Score
1 Settlements 5
2 Sensitive Receptors 5
3 Drinking water sources 4
4 Religious Structures 4
5 Cultural Properties 4
6 Market Places 4
7 Common Property Resources* 4
Total 30 -
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Annex 4 Brief Description of Short-Listed Project Roads (based on screening results)
NH Length Proposed State Relevant Features of Project Corridor No. (km) Bypass
No significant impact3 on the natural environment expected. Potential drainage and erosion conditions and issues related to the floodplains detected. Proposed bypass. Road expansion will 98 Bihar 117.49 1 affect roadside plantations - 6100 trees. Water bodies in close proximity with potential flooding and sedimentation concerns. Need for and location of bypass being reviewed with PAPs.
No significant impacts on natural environment expected if construction activities are kept within the ROW and if bypass options are dropped. Similar to NH 30A, hydrological conditions are of 104 Bihar 166.16 7 concern due to potential flooding and overtopping and sedimentation. Models of the critical stretches vulnerable to overtopping and sedimentation will be factored into project design. Forest diversion.
Perceived environmental impacts are not significant. Due to potential overtopping concerns, road will be raised 1.5 to improve 106 Bihar 106.00 0 drainage conditions. This engineering procedure may alter the hydrological/flow pattern in the area of interest. About 4000 trees are expected to be affected
The road passes through two districts and four main towns/villages. The topography is mainly flat plains with subsequent vulnerability to flooding, drainage and erosion issues. As part of civil works, 14 bridges will be shifted. The road is 30A Bihar 69.00 2 abutted by protected forests and green tunnels. About 1815 of roadside trees will likely be affected as a result of the road widening Green tunnels No significant impacts on natural and biological environment expected.
3 When an impact is described as having no significance on the environment, it means that the impact is physically removed in space and time from the environment or that the impact is so small that it cannot be measured
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NH Length Proposed State Relevant Features of Project Corridor No. (km) Bypass
Moderate significant impact on the natural environment. Bypass strongly advocated for to limit conversion of land in the settled locations. Communities advocating for bypass. About 14 km of the road in various stretches within the corridor run proximate to five Reserved Forests (RF): Kurudi; Narasihma Devara Betta; Alamgiri; Kallur; and the Srinivaspur. Of the five RF only Narasihma Devara Betta RF could be affected Karnataka from the road widening with potential diversion of 234 (Madhughiri 171.21 4 about 0.37 ha of the reserve. Two protected -AP border areas are located within a 15km radius of the road: Jayamangali Black Buck Conservation reserve (11.5 km aerial distance) and the Kaundiniya Wildlife Sanctuary situated in the Chitoor district of Andra Pradesh (2.6km aerial distance). The third PA is the Bennerghatta National Park located about 71 km from the road. The corridor terrain is largely hilly with sections of rolling and flat terrain About 4000 trees are likely to be affected.
The road is abutted by five reserve forests all within 15 km radius in two forest divisions of Mangalore and Chikamagalur: Mundaje Kap, Dharmasthala-Mundaje, and the Charmudi Kanapadi, Balur and Gonibidur at various stretches totalling 28 km. Except for the Chamrudi Kanapadi and the Balur RF which are likely to affected with potential conversion of 2.2 ha and 2.73 ha respectively, remaining 3 RF will not affected in terms of forest diversions. Also within 15 radius is the Kudremukh national Karnataka Park, a Protected area of both national and 234 (Mangalore- 129.4 0 international significance. The park is the second Belur) largest wildlife protected area in the Western Ghats. It harbours tigers and is recognized under the Global Tiger Conservation Priority-1 with WCS. Two other charismatic endangered mammals are located in the park – Leopard and Wild Dog with a large supporting base of other endangered mammals. The road has two proximate points with the park boundary, 3.2 km and 8 km respectively. Wildlife sightings have been reported along the road.
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NH Length Proposed State Relevant Features of Project Corridor No. (km) Bypass
Topographically, the road has a mountainous terrain with issues of land erosion and landslides capable of disrupting traffic during the monsoon season. Over 7000 trees are likely to be affected.
Moderate to significant impacts expected Hilly and rolling terrain 22.96 km of road traverses reserved forest area Wildlife spotting in certain stretches of the road. Elephant reserves located 50 km from corridor. A wildlife reserve in 12km from the corridor 200 Orissa 58.40 1 Bypass will result in conversion of road side activities. Not favored as an option by the surrounding communities Further discussions to drop the bypass Slope cutting and subsequent debris management, erosion and sedimentation control in the hilly areas
The project road traverse two districts and five towns/villages. He road is linear protected forests in strip plantations abutting it on teh road sides Dear park is located at km 32.4 near Papadahandi village within 17 of the project 201 Orissa 55.00 0 carriage way As such there could be indirect impacts on wildlife. Construction work will involve rehabilitation of 14 minor bridges and causeway with minor topographical changes
Reported elephant sighting. Additional field survey and consultations needed to determine if this poses an issue. Total number of trees to be 217 Orissa 68.00 0 impacted will be about 4773. Road passes through a reserved forest in the Naupada district. A dam located 5-6 km from the corridor could pose flooding and overtopping problems
The road corridor starts at Pratapgarh and ends near Padi village traversing two districts and through 6 major towns. Topographically the road 113 Rajasthan 97.451 1 alternates between flat, rolling terrain and hilly areas. 54 water bodies abutting road within 500m
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NH Length Proposed State Relevant Features of Project Corridor No. (km) Bypass
Expected negative biological and environmental impacts moderate to high. The road traverses protected and reserved forest within the 15 km radius. Estimated 1.92 ha of reserve forest and 1.52 ha of protected forest to be diverted. Estimated 1593 trees to be affected Potential tribal issues are registered in the region but hte specific project corridor is not affected.
11B Rajasthan 85.00 2 No significant impacts
Rolling, undulating terrain. Soil erosion is of great concern. Some amount of water stagnation. 60A West Bengal 84.00 2 Potential effect on wildlife. Public and private waterbodies located within ROW. Compensatory afforestation.
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Annex 5
Potential Environmental Impacts
Activity Potential Impacts
Impacts during construction include:
- Tensions between outside workers and local communities - Affected living standard and income of local residents due Construction to occupation of farmland Workforce - Market distortion due to temporary inputs to local economy - Unemployment of local labor - Disruption to livelihoods, cultural activities, and wellbeing of locals - Competition for employment with locals.
Impacts during construction include:
- Generation of significant volumes of wastewater and solid waste. - Stockpiling of waste and illegal dumping Worker’s Camp and - Contamination of land, surface water and groundwater Site Installation caused by spillage and leakage from storage of hazardous materials including petroleum products, chemicals, hazardous substances or hazardous wastes. - Water courses, nearby rice paddies, and agricultural land can be easily contaminated with wastewater and solid wastes.
Roadbed and side slopes digging, roadbed filling, road surface paving, bridge foundation treatment, materials stack, concrete plants, construction machinery operation etc. can:
Erosion and - Destroy surface vegetation Sedimentation - Aggravate soil erosion
- Weakened soil conservation capacity - Temporarily change water flow patterns
Sources or air pollution during construction that can be a nuisance and cause health problems are:
- Fugitive dust emissions due to exposure of slope surface, Emissions and Dust uncovered stockpiling area, earth moving and excavation activities (Air Quality) - Dust emission due to blasting of rock
- Dust from vehicles and unpaved roads - Wind blow during transportation of material by vehicles and
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Activity Potential Impacts
when transporting on unpaved access roads
- Gases emissions from batching plants and concrete mixing stations
- Gases emissions during payment of road surface by asphalt plant; and
- Air pollutant emissions from exhaust of construction plant
and vehicles such as CO, CO2, NOx, and SO2. Air pollution problems during the operation phase are:
- Exhaust from vehicles (e.g. CO, NOx) that may deteriorate air quality in tunnel and at nearby sensitive receptor locations; and - Gases emissions during road maintenance and re-surfacing of road surface (e.g. asphalt plant).
Disturbances to livelihoods and damage to structures can be cause by:
- Operation of the various equipment during construction (air compressor, concrete mixers, powered mechanical equipment, bulldozers, excavators, etc);
- Vehicles transporting materials within construction site and beyond the construction boundary;
Noise and Vibration - Piling activities during construction of foundations / piers; - Ventilation systems during tunnel construction; - Blasting and vibration during tunnel construction
- During the operation phase, noise may be generated by: - Traffic noise from road and horning of vehicles;
- Noise from service areas and car parking areas; and - Construction plant during road maintenance.
Impacts include:
- Loss of topsoil affecting productive land. Earthworks, Fill - Land instability from incorrect earth removal or unstable Slopes, Cuts, deposition of spoil, leading to landslides or erosion events. - Discharge of sediments into watercourses, rice paddies, Borrow Pits, drainages, and irrigation canals. Quarries, Disposal - Erosion of riverbanks, slopes, and productive land sites, Stockpiles - Noise and vibration - Dust emissions affecting health. - Disturbances or damage to physical cultural resources. - Damage to agricultural land and native vegetation - Visual Impacts
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Activity Potential Impacts
Impacts include:
Disposal of Debris, - Damage of local forest areas, contamination of drainage Demolition of watercourses and impacts on land by Improper disposition Structures of Construction and vehicle waste - Injure of workers and the general population by falling debris and flying objects
Large-scale moving activities, disturbance of soil profile and removal of vegetation can result in:
Clearing of - Soil erosion and visual impact Construction Areas - Loss of productive plots / trees affecting livelihoods and habitat - Loss of habitat and vegetation for animals - Discharging sediment and vegetation material into water courses affecting in-stream habitat - Discharging sediment and vegetation material into rice paddies, and irrigation canals
Landscape and visual impacts during construction can result from:
- Poor/inadequate aesthetic design and landscaping design of the proposed road structures - Poorly implemented temporary mitigation measures and slope protection measures during excavation and slope work. - After the completion of construction and before operation Landscape, Visual of the project, landscape and visual impact may occur Impacts and Site because of: Restoration - Lack of appropriate compensatory planting at the end of construction or non-native species - Planting of species visually incompatible to the background environment; - Lack of proper maintenance/watering of newly planted vegetation during the post-construction period. - Lack of proper restoration of cleared areas, such as borrow pits, stockpiles and disposal areas, construction camp areas, areas under bridges, and any areas occupied temporarily
Pollution of watercourses, groundwater, natural habitats and productive land caused by:
Water Quality - Wastewater generated from construction equipment (e.g. uncontrolled release of bentonite from tunnel drilling machine);
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Activity Potential Impacts
- Wastewater from bored piling locations. Re-suspension of bottom sediment and mud caused by cut-trench river crossings and construction of bridge foundation within rivers;
- Soil erosion / flush away from uncovered stockpiling locations, uncovered excavation site and unprotected slope surface during adverse weather conditions;
- Uncontrolled surface water run-off carrying sediment laden discharges directly into natural water bodies such as streams, fish ponds, rivers and local irrigation channels;
- Domestic sewage generated by construction workers, such as kitchen, shower, campsite, etc.
Main water quality issues during operation phase are:
- Wastewater generated during routine road surface cleaning and surface runoff from road surface during heavy rain falls; - Pollution of nearby water body due to vehicle accidents leaking fuel, hydraulic oil, toxic materials or dangerous goods; and - Wastewater discharge from service areas, car parking and toll station
Damage to local forest areas, pollution of drainage watercourses and natural habitats, and impact on agricultural land caused by:
- Surplus excavated materials requiring disposal due to earth moving activities and slope cutting;
- Disposal of used wooden boards for trenching works, scaffolding steel material, site hoarding, packaging Solid Waste, materials, containers of fuel, lubricant and paint; Hazardous and - Waste generated by demolition of existing houses / Chemical Waste buildings affected by the project or breaking of existing concrete surface;
- Domestic solid waste generated by construction workers, construction campsite, kitchen, toiletries, - Improper disposition of hazardous wastes such as waste oil, spent lubricant, solvents, and contaminated materials resulting from leakage of oil and fuel. - Improper handling and storage of hazardous and chemical substances and construction materials
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Activity Potential Impacts
- Discharges of sediment into water courses affecting in- stream habitat. - Erosion of river banks - Introduction of invasive species. Work on Bridges - Changing water course paths blocking fish passage and affecting in-stream habitat from fallen debris from the construction process - Discharges of oil and fuel to water courses affecting water quality.
Impacts during construction include:
- Destruction of native vegetation and land outside proposed working areas - Damage of forest areas - Loss of habitat and vegetation for animals due to site clearance - Temporary destruction or disturbance of aquatic life due to bridge works - Land occupation at ecological sensitive areas Ecological - Damage of forests and waterways adjacent to camps and Considerations work areas. - Illegal hunting of wild animals by construction workers (Fauna and Flora) - Lack of re-construction of lost habitats and re-creation of diverse ecosystems.
Impacts during operation phase include:
- Traffic noise and lighting can force wildlife to leave their natural habitats - Lack of evaluation of the success of recreation of habitat and identification of further measures to improve ecological conditions - Traffic accidents with wildlife crossing the expressway
Impacts include:
- Risk associated with working in enclosed environment such as inadequate ventilation and fire fighting within tunnel / tunnel shaft - Seepage of water into tunnel during the tunnel Construction Site construction; Safety - Collapse within tunnel when drilling through geologically unstable ground layers - Risk of falling objects and unstable working platform - Risk associated with blasting and fire - Risk associated with equipment and traffic movements, on and off the construction sites.
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Activity Potential Impacts
Impacts include:
- Traffic congestion during construction due to the increase of heavy traffic (of the construction itself and from traffic detours) in high traffic avenues and exit ramps, community Traffic Management roads; - degradation of local roads due to heavy equipment machinery and traffic detours; - Pedestrian safety specially for school children during construction; - Increase in traffic accidents
Impacts include:
- Increase noise, dust t and air pollutants caused by construction vehicles that will use existing local and provincial roads;
- Pedestrian safety specially for children and pupils Access and Linking - Additional vehicles used for transportation of materials may Roads cause traffic jams and accidents in existing access roads such as NH1A, NH1B4, NH14E which already exceed traffic capacity
- Newly developed access roads may impact water quality, destroy existing vegetation cover, cause changes in the landform in certain areas, impact and create bare surface more prone to erosion
Lack of communication and consultation with local Community communities can lead to an opposition to a road project, Relations delays in the construction process increased costs and unsatisfactory solutions.
Impacts include:
- Spread of disease due to poor housekeeping and accumulation of domestic waste within the construction site
Health Issues - Stagnant water may result in mosquitoes breeding. - Unsafe sex conduct could bring the HIV/AID risk to the local communities.
- Illnesses brought by outside construction workers.
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Annex 6
Environmental Guidelines for Developing Environment Management Plans
General Issues
Key Principle / Issue Mitigation Measures Mitigation Standard
Water supply Camp to provide its own . Any water supply sources should be affecting ecology water supply that does located so that it does not or neighboring not affect village water adversely affect the villages supply.
community water supply. . The intake of water from streams supply. for water supplies should leave residual flows in the watercourses.
. Storage tanks should be used to buffer water supplies.
Wastewater Wastewater to be . Sewerage disposal methods should discharges treated prior to be designed to the standards affecting water discharge. outlined by the Vietnamese quality government
Solid waste No waste to be burnt or . All solid wastes shall be removed polluting the buried on site. from site and disposed of at a environment and municipal landfill. causing health hazards Camps using local Refer to section on Village impacts services and resources, at the expense of villagers. Workers intruding Refer to section on Village impacts on village life and disrespecting traditional cultural values.
General Construction Issues
Key Principle / Issue Mitigation Measures Mitigation Standard
Noise of machinery Noise must not . Keep a current list of all noise associated with unreasonably intrude on producing machinery and noisy construction traditional village life. activities
activities . Operate machinery only during
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Key Principle / Issue Mitigation Measures Mitigation Standard
designated hours in agreement with local communities
. Adopt a complaint mechanism that will enable capturing and addressing issues upfront
. Work to be carried out in daylight, in typical working hours.
. Concrete batching plants and other noisy equipment to be located as far as practical from settlements
Dust generation Dust must not cause a . Dusty operations to occur only from construction hazard or nuisance to during designated hours. activities village life. . Adopt complaint mechanism . Concrete batching plants and other dusty equipment to be located as far as practical from settlements.
Vibration Vibration must not . Keeps a list of all vibration disturbance from unreasonably intrude on producing machinery and activities construction traditional village life. causing vibration. activities . This machinery operation to occur only during designated hours (to be confirmed by contractor in agreement with villages).
. Use of complaints register and procedures to address issues as they arise.
Increased There should be no . Road upgrades, including signage, utilization of roads significant increased speed humps, re-grading. by traffic risk to local populations . Training of locals regarding the associated with from traffic associated hazards of traffic. construction with the development. . Training of vehicle drivers regarding activities the driving risks through villages and along remote roads.
. Use of complaints register and procedures to address issues as they arise.
Pollution risk Develop appropriate . Keeps a current list of all potentially activities occurring storage, transport and contaminating materials used on on site use practices for storage site.
and handling of mixed . Develop and implement appropriate classes of dangerous storage, transport and use goods in packages and practices to recognized standards. intermediate bulk . Solid waste disposal shall be taken containers. off site. Page 72 of 87
Key Principle / Issue Mitigation Measures Mitigation Standard
There shall be no solid or liquid waste disposal directly or indirectly to any water course (whether flowing or not).
Excavation and Blasting
Key Principle / Issue Mitigation Measures Mitigation Standard
Noise disturbance Noise must not . Keep lists of all noise producing of local unreasonably intrude on equipment.
populations traditional village life. . This machinery operation to occur only during designated hours (to be confirmed by contractor in agreement with villages).
. Blasting to occur at the same time each day, and / or a warning siren should sound prior to blasting.
Vibration Vibration must not . Keep current lists of all vibration disturbance of unreasonably intrude on producing machinery
local populations traditional village life. . This machinery operation to occur only during designated hours (to be confirmed by contractor in agreement with villages).
. Blasting to occur at the same time each day, and / or a warning siren should sound prior to blasting.
Material Stockpiling
Key Principle / Issue Mitigation Measures Mitigation Standard
Runoff of Stockpiling activities . No direct discharge of sediment suspended should not give rise to laden water without treatment.
sediments from storm water containing . Stockpiles should be compacted as stockpiles elevated suspended much as practical and not be solids. exposed for extended periods.
Provide treatment to . Storm water should be diverted achieve 75% reduction around stockpiles. in suspended solids. Page 73 of 87
Key Principle / Issue Mitigation Measures Mitigation Standard
Dust generation Dust must not cause a . Stockpiles should be compacted from stockpiles hazard or nuisance to and not exposed for extended village life. periods.
. Stockpiles should be reused as soon as practicable.
Soil / Overburden Removal and Placement
Key Principle / Issue Minimum Mitigation Measures Mitigation Standard
Generation of Development activities . No direct discharge of sediment suspended solids should not give rise to laden water without treatment.
from bare ground storm water containing . Earthworks and land clearance and runoff into elevated suspended should be minimized and phased. watercourses solids. . Any discharges to watercourses should occur during high flow and / Provide treatment to or discharged as close to the outfall achieve 75% reduction as possible to maximize mixing.
in suspended solids. . Stockpiling should occur at least 10m from a water course.
. Re-vegetation of exposed areas as soon as practicable.
. Timing of works around the drier seasons where possible.
. Provision of storm water cut off drains wherever possible.
Introduction of Fill material should not . The use of imported fill shall be invasive species contain invasive minimized.
species. . Machinery should be cleaned prior to working on site to reduce the opportunity of the spread of weed seeds.
Disturbance of Soils should be reused . Stockpile and reuse soils before natural habitats where possible in the excavating new soils / alluvium. for spoil / alluvial development – to material. reduce the need for spoil sites and the need to import fill.
Efficiency of Control measures . Earthworks control measures control measures should continue to work should be inspected and maintained over time appropriately in efficient operating condition over throughout the the construction period. construction period.
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Concrete Manufacture
Minimum Mitigation Measures Key Principle / Issue Mitigation Standard
Contaminants in No direct discharges of . Settlement ponds and / or water discharged concrete batching water sediment infiltration gallery.
from concrete to any water course. . Monitoring immediately upstream manufacturing, Provide treatment prior and 50m downstream of the including rise in pH. to discharge to achieve discharge with a clarity tube to 75% reduction in estimate any effects on clarity; for suspended solids. pH to detect alkali discharges.
. Any storm water discharges to watercourses should occur during high flow and / or discharged as close to the outfall as possible to maximize mixing.
. Water to be reused where possible in the process.
. Procedures for handling of un- hydrated cement material and wet cement to avoid spills.
Community Noise and dust must not . Concrete batching plants and other nuisances. unreasonably intrude on noisy / dusty equipment to be traditional village life. located as far as practical from villages.
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Fuel Storage and Use
Key Principle / Issue Minimum Mitigation Measures Mitigation Standard
Pollution risk No oil, lubricants, fuels . Keep a current list of all fuels associated with or containers should be stored on site.
the storage and drained or dumped to . Keep the Safety Data Sheet of all use of fuels for all ground or waterways. hazardous materials used on site. plant, generators . Develop appropriate storage, and vehicles Accidental spills shall be transport and use practices to minimized, and recognized standards.
procedures put in place . Diesel to be stored in truck tankers to clean up the or in overhead tanks to a maximum environmental damage. of 5000 liters.
. Diesel to be stored on flat ground, and 100m from a waterway.
. Dikes to capture 100% of fuel must be placed around fuel storage areas.
. All refueling of vehicles and plant to be done on flat ground.
. All significant vehicle and plant maintenance shall be undertaken offsite where possible.
. Spill kits and emergency procedures should be used and staff trained.
. There shall be no deliberate discharge of oil, diesel, petrol or other hazardous materials to the surrounding soils and waterways.
Works in and near Rivers
Key Principle / Issue Minimum Mitigation Measures Mitigation Standard
Sediment Work in the wetted area . Stabilize works at the end of each discharges arising of the riverbed should working day and prior to storm from working in be minimized, and only events.
and near the river. in relation to the . Do the work during low flow For blasting in or construction of the periods. power house, weir and near the river, . Works shall be minimized. refer to the intake structure or to . Diversion of the river around the insert culverts for blasting issues, work area where possible. above. stream crossings.
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Village impacts
Key Principle / Issue Minimum Mitigation Measures Mitigation Standard
Key Considerations Communication . Set up a communication network for a channels are for discussing issues between Communication established between Construction supervisors Strategy to avoid Villagers, Construction Contractors and the villagers and deterioration of Supervisors, and state the state PCUs built on recognized current quality of PCUs to facilitate negotiation structures
life and traditional information flow and . Construction Supervision livelihoods easier process for Consultant and the Contractors will lodging complaints have an Environmental Specialist on site to ensure daily conformance with environmental health and safety guidelines and to respond to complaints
. A Health Program to be included in the Contractor‟s Construction and Workers Camp Management Plan. This will be made available to the communities
. Education and orientation of outside workers to local culture and social norms before the start of work.
. Camps to be self sufficient in resources and services. (refer to the workers camp table below)
. Villagers shall be adequately informed of all potential hazards to health and safety with regards to increased traffic, blasting, machinery operation.
Traffic causing Construction traffic will . Signage to be used to identify safety risks to be managed to current risks to road users.
road users minimize the impact on . Construction Supervision existing road users. consultancy and Contractors to discuss major traffic issues with village representatives prior to the event to discuss course of action.
. Heavy traffic to avoid the hours when school children walk to and from school.
Sediment affecting Sediment discharges to . Refer to the sections above river water uses. the river shall be discussing erosion and sediment minimized. control.
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Annex 7
Forest Clearance Procedure – A Typical Activity and Timeline Chart
No. of Step No. Activity Days
Preparation of case / application letter that is submitted to 1 7 Revenue and Forest Department
Area calculation to identify land diversion requirement with the 2 help of Revenue Department represented by( provide name of person responsible) 30 Joint visit by Executive Engineer, and District Forest 3 Officer(DFO)
Enumeration of trees by the Forest Department after the visit 4 7 of Forest Guard and Range Officer
5 List is forwarded by the Range Officer to DFO for approval 15
Preparation of a combined „case‟ papers (documents prepared by Revenue Department, list of trees enumerated by Forest 6 7 Department and actual area calculation for diversion of forest land are enclosed)
Case submitted to DFO - DFO Office will examine the case and 7 7 further send to Conservator of Forests
Conservator of Forests will examine the papers and further forward the case (subject to the fact that no short- 8 7 comings/deficiencies are found) to Prin. Chief Conservator of Forests
Case is further examined by the Prin. Chief Conservator of 9 4 Forests and forwarded to Additional Secretary (Forests)
Additional Secretary (Forests) recommends the case for the 10 3 approval of the Forest Minister.
Forest Minister approves the case and returns the case file to 11 8 Additional Secretary (Forests)
Case file is sent to CF, Chandigarh (MoEF) after the counter 12 signature of Chief Secretary, GoHP. (The case file is counter- 2 signed by the Chief Secretary as the case file goes to MoEF).
CF (Chandigarh) examines the case. May opt for conducting a 90 13 site inspection or may provide an „in- principle‟ clearance (primarily due to work without conducting the site visit. load)
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No. of Step No. Activity Days
If CF, Chandigarh provides „in-principle‟ approval, it is conveyed to DFO. The concerned DFO works out the cost for 14 3 compensatory afforestation and NPV and the total cost/amount is conveyed to the concerned Executive Engineer.
Executive Engineer requests RIDC for releasing the said 15 amount. The Project Director‟s Office/RIDC directly deposits the 2 specified amount into the bank account of the concerned DFO.
The DFO communicates the amount deposition to CF, 16 2 Chandigarh and requests to provide final/formal approval
CF, Chandigarh conveys (in writing) the final/formal approval 17 30 to the concerned DFO.
DFO conveys the final/formal sanction to the Executive 18 2 Engineer
DFO further directs the concerned Range Officer (Forest 19 Department) to mark (process is formally known as 1 „hammering‟) the trees for cutting.
Range Officer hammers/ marks the trees in presence of 20 10 Executive Engineer or his field representative
The Range Officer sends the final list of trees to the concerned 21 1 DFO for information
DFO forwards the case to Forest Corporation to call „tender‟ for 22 3 cutting the marked trees
DM, Forest Corporation calls for bid and fixes date/s to receive 23 30 the tender documents
After opening of the tenders and their evaluation, tree cutting 24 15 work is awarded to the selected contractor
25 Contractor mobilizes the required lab our and machinery at site 15
26 Contractor cuts the trees. 30
Total Number of Days ( numbers indicate ideal situations) 331
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Annex 8
Tree Cutting Procedure – A Typical Activity and Timeline Chart
Step No. Activity No. of Days
Preparation of case / application letter to the Revenue 1 and Forest Department for felling of trees falling within 7 the Right of Way
Area to be cleared of trees is verified on the ground with 2 the help of Revenue Department
30 Joint visit by Executive Engineer, DFO and Revenue 3 Department staff for the verification of the land and trees falling within the ROW
Enumeration of trees by Forest Department after the visit of Forest Guard and Range Officer (both from Forest 4 7 Department). The details cover number of trees to be cut along with chainage, species and girth information.
List of trees to be cut is forwarded by the Range Officer 5 15 to the concerned DFO for approval
The combined case paper is prepared by enclosing the 6 documents received from Revenue and Forest 7 Department (as prepared in the steps mentioned above).
Case is submitted to the concerned DFO – the DFO Office 7 examines the case and if there are no observations, 7 sends it to the Conservator of Forests (CF)
The CF office will examine the case and if there are no 8 7 observations, will approve the felling proposal.
The approval from CF office is conveyed to the concerned 9 DFO, who further conveys the final sanction (in writing) 2 to Executive Engineer.
DFO further directs the concerned Range Officer (Forest 10 Department) to mark (process is formally known as 1 „hammering‟) the trees for cutting.
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Step No. Activity No. of Days
Range Officer hammers/ marks the trees in presence of 11 10 Executive Engineer or his field representative.
The Range Officer sends the final list of trees to the 12 1 concerned DFO for information.
DFO forwards the case to Forest Corporation to call 13 3 „tender‟ for cutting the marked trees.
DM Forest Corporation calls for bids and fixes date/s to 14 30 receive the tenders.
After opening of the tenders and their evaluation, tree 15 15 cutting work is awarded to the selected contractor.
Contractor mobilizes the required labor and machinery at 16 15 site.
17 Contractor cuts the trees 30
Total Number of Days ( numbers indicate ideal situations) 187
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Annex 9 Findings of the Preliminary Environment Screening Exercise (Initial List of Proposed Sub-Projects)
National Length Existing/ S. Chainage Name of State Highway Corridor (in km) Available Issues/Remarks no. (from/to) Districts no. (approx) RoW (m)
Stretches from km 61 to 104 in South South Andaman and from km 142 to 155 in Andaman Port Blair- 0-61,104- Andaman; Kadarntala area of Middle Andaman are 1 & Nicobar 223 Mayabunder- 277 / 333 142 & 155- North and 10 to 20 Jarawa Tribes Reserved Areas - only simple Islands Diglipur 333 Middle improvement/maintenance can be taken-up in Andaman these areas as per Ministry of Home Affairs direction. Widening not permitted here.
Reseved/Protected Forest; Public Water Fathua-Harnaut- Patna; Sources at Harnaut and Barh; Bypass sought 2 Bihar 30 A 69.5 0-69 15 to 30 Barh Nalanda at Hamaut and Barh and RoB at Hamaut, Dariyama and Barh
Bhagalpur; Birpur-Bihpur Madhepura; 3 Bihar 106 (Madhepura km 136 0-136 30 to 45 Drainage/Flooding Issues Saharsa; 73) Supual
Forest clearance will be required; Passes Akabarpur- through Protected Forest Areas; Wildlife 4 Bihar 2 C Yadunathpur- 65 40-105 Rohtas 15 to 20 Crossing Issue; Passes through mineral rich Jardag areas (lime and phosphate); Naxal infested near Kaimur range and Sone River
Sheohar- Sheohar; Sitamarhi- 7.60 to 5 Bihar 104 176 40-216 Sitamarhi; Flood Prone Zone; Indo-Nepal Border road Jaynagar- 24.40 Madhubani Narhiya
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S. National Length Chainage Name of Existing/ State Corridor Issues/Remarks no. Highway (in km) (from/to) Districts Available no. (approx) RoW (m)
Bypass sought at Arwal, Dandnagar and Obra; Anishabad- Arwal, 149 / Passes through Protected Forest; Wildlife 6 Bihar 98 Aurangabad- 0-149 Aurangabad 15 to 30 151.62 Crossings and Habitat; Patna-Sone canal Hariharganj and Patna within 1 km
Forest Clearance will be required from km 99 to km 112 - Reserved/Protected Forest Betiah- Betiah; between km 99 to 112; Valmikinagar Tiger 7 Bihar 28 B 87 25-112 25 to 30 Kushinagar Bagha Reserve and Sanctuary between km 99 to km 112; Swampy land between km 106 to 112; Ashok Stambh near Loria in km 51
Munger- No No 8 Bihar 80 Bhagalpur- 125 65-190 No Information Information Information Mirzachauki
Safety Issues; Forest Land; Proposed Luhri HEP at Nirath about 5 to 10 mts. Away from Himachal Narkanda- Shimla; 9 22 111 224-335 10 to 30 NH; Existing Reservoir of SJVNL at Nathapa Pradesh Wangtoo Kinnaur about 10 to 15 mts. from NH; Many hydro- power plants are coming-up along this road
Forest Area Constraint - Reserved/Protected Himachal 97 / Sirmour; Forest at Various Locations; Paonta Sahib 10 72 B Paonta- Guma 0-97 8 to 32.50 Pradesh 18.50 Shimla Gurudwara (about 1 km); Big cement plant to come-up at Gumma
Entire road is in a hilly terrain; Catchment Shimla; area of Bhakra Dam; Road crosses Satluj river Solan; Himachal 88 / Shimla- at Kandrour (lake backwaters); Dhami Wildilife 11 147.6 0-147.6 Bilaspur; 8 to 24 Pradesh 86.900 Hamirpur Sanctuary about 2 kms away; Reserved Forest Hamirpur; (Dhami) of about 2 kms; Accidents is a cause Kangra of concern; Small land holdings
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S. National Length Chainage Name of Existing/ State Corridor Issues/Remarks no. Highway (in km) (from/to) Districts Available no. (approx) RoW (m)
Hilly terrain and Safety Issues (Geometrics); Una; Land Acquisition; Houses; Forestland; Himachal Kangra; 12 70 Hamirpur- Mandi 124 141-265 3 to 20 Reserved Forest for 10 kms at Janetri Dhar; Pradesh Hamirpur; Accidents is a cause of concern; Small land Mandi holdings
Entire road is in a hilly terrain; Beas Himachal Nagrota- Backwater near Dehra; Catachment area of 13 20 A 91 0-91 Kangra; Una 3 to 13 Pradesh Mubarakpur Pong Band Dam; Accidents is a cause of concern; Small land holdings
RoW is 3.70 mts. between km 143.443 to 143.625 and other stretches; Row is 24 mts. between km 175 to 180; Stretches between km 160 and 165 are faced with sinking/sliding Himachal Mandi; 14 20 Ghatta- Mandi 69.7 134.3-204 3.70 to 24 problem that requires stabilization (expert Pradesh Kangra opinion needed); Involves Forest Land; Reserved/Protected Forest in Urla, Gawali, Ghatasni, Chhanag and Galoo between km 155 to 170; Accidents due to blind curves
22-370 / Charmandi Ghat for 13 kms with 11 hair pin Tumkur- Dakshin 15 Karnataka 206 348 19.82- 7 to 15 bends; Widening constraint in built-up areas Hannavara Kannada 87.51 and ghat section
Madhugiri- 343.8- Chikkaballapur Drinking Water Supply Scheme Chikkaballapura- 509.5 / Chikkaballap No (about 5 kms or so); Road traverses an area 16 Karnataka 234 165.7 Chinthamani- 343.800- ura Information of commercial agriculture (mangoes, grapes, Andhra border 401.200 vegetables, sericulture) - also exported
Km 87.51 to 99 is a Ghat Section in Reserved Mangalore- Chikkamang Forest Area on both sides with RoW between 9 Beltangadi- 149.2 / 17 Karnataka 234 0-149.2 alore; 8 to 16 to 15 mts. - will be a constraint; Km 99 to 148 Mudigere- 60.455 Hassan is on a plain terrain with RoW between 11 to Janapura-Belur 16 mts
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S. National Length Chainage Name of Existing/ State Corridor Issues/Remarks no. Highway (in km) (from/to) Districts Available no. (approx) RoW (m)
Limited RoW in Village and Forest Areas; Two- lane standard except between km 337 to 339 and km 347 to 355, where it has intermediate 337.47- lane; Passes through built-up areas of 405.45 Pallhara-Pitri Angul, Pallahara and Khamar - persistent local 18 Orissa 23 68 (Old 10 to 20 junction Dhenkanal demand for bypass construction at both these chainage:1 places; Reserve Forest Present; Km 351 to 6-84) 371 is elephant corridor; Dadarghat Reservoir at km 391; Khamar and Pallhara Public Water Supply Sources.
Leopard and Elephant Crossings; Traverses Bolangir, through Five Reserved Forests; Limited RoW in 202.89- 19 Orissa 217 Belgaon-Baliguda 116.11 Kalahandi, 15 to 20 Village and Forest Areas; Single Lane Road for 319 Kandhmal 108 kms and intermediate lane for 8.24 kms ; Thickly Tribal Dominated Area;
Limited RoW in Village and Forest Areas; Single Lane Road for 49.290 kms, Nuaparha-Bango Nuapada; 20 Orissa 217 68 90-158 18 to 20 intermediate lane for 5 kms and two lane for Munda Kalahandi 13.7 kms of length ; Thickly Tribal Dominated Area.
Passes through built-up area of Kuchinda - persistent demand for by-pass construction; Reserved/Protected Forest between km 133 to Bhojpur- Sambalpur; 156 and 158 to 167; Limited RoW in Village 21 Orissa 200 61 131-192 8 to 28 Chhatabar Deogarh and Forest Areas; Single Lane Road for 43.6 km and intermediate lane for 17.4 km ; Thickly Tribal Dominated Area; Hot bed of Maoist Activities
Reserved Forest (km 25 to 28; 30 to 34; 39 to 41, 45 to 47 and 53 to 59); Limited RoW in Navrangpur- Nawarangpur 22 Orissa 201 55 25-80 15 to 20 Village and Forest Areas; Single Lane Road for Koksara ; Kalahandi 40 kms and intermediate lane for 15 kms ; Thickly Tribal Dominated Area
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S. National Length Chainage Name of Existing/ State Corridor Issues/Remarks no. Highway (in km) (from/to) Districts Available no. (approx) RoW (m)
Reserved Forest between Km 228 to 232 ; Rengali Reservoir at 0.900 km away at Km 245; Limited RoW in Village and Forest Areas; Deogarh; 23 Orissa 200 Rengali-Talchar 68 227-295 12 to 30 Single Lane Road for 46 kms, intermediate Angul lane for 6.23 kms and two lane for 15.77 kms of length ; Thickly Tribal Dominated Area; Hot bed of Maoist Activities.
Reserved/Protected Forest between km 378 to 390; Sorada Reservoir between km 412 to Daraingbadi- 375- Kadhamal, 415; Public Water Supply Areas from km 24 Orissa 217 64.365 15 to 22 Saroda 439.365 Ganjam 434.5 to km 439.6; Limited RoW in Village and Forest Areas; Single Lane Road ; Thickly Tribal Dominated Area.
Passes through Reserved Forest at many places; Wildlife Crossing at km 139.900, km 140.500, km 144.650, km 153 and km Daspalla- Nayagarh, 25 Orissa 224 57 102-159 12 to 20 155.200; Kuanria Dam; Public Water Supply Madhhapur Boudh Areas of four villages; Limited RoW in Village and Forest Areas; Thickly Tribal Dominated Area.
Passes through Wildlife Sanctuary - Kesharwbagh for 6 kms (km 175 to 181); Dausa, Forest in 1 km (km 181 to 182); Traverses 4 Sawai dams/reservoirs - Bindori Sagar (km 10), Lalsot - Karauli - 0 - 85, 26 Rajasthan 11-B 116 Madhopur, 20 to 30 Nazim Bada (km 43 to 46), Husainpur Bandh Dholpur 155-186 Karauli, (km162), Urmila Sagar Dam (170 to 172); In Dhopur case of Husainsagar, the service road of the dam is the alignment of NH-11-B; Talshahi Lake (km 160
Nimbahera- 0-180/80- Pratapgarh, Traverses Protected Forest; Very fertile canal 27 Rajasthan 113 180/100 30 to 45 Pratapgarh-Padi 180 Banswara irrigated area.
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S. National Length Chainage Name of Existing/ State Corridor Issues/Remarks no. Highway (in km) (from/to) Districts Available no. (approx) RoW (m)
139- Kotdwar-Satpuli- 137/116.2 Pauri 28 Uttarakhand 119 276/159- 12 to 16 Reserved Forest under Pauri Division Jwalpa-Srinagar 00 Garhwal 275.200
Sald Mahadev- Pauri Reserved Forest under Pauri Division for 14 29 Uttarakhand 121 Thailisain- 111 78-189 12 to 20 Garhwal kms Salondhar
Some parts pass through landslide zones and Ghigarikhal- very steep mountainous region. Forest land Almora, 30 Uttarakhand 87 Ext. Gairsain- 91 109-200 8 transfer proposal rejected by GoI (km 108 to Chamoli Diwalikhal 120) for 2701 trees; Maha Mritunjay Mandir, Dwarahat (Km 137-138)
Some parts pass through landslide zones and Jeolikot- Nainital, very steep mountaineous region. Forest land 31 Uttarakhand 87 Ext 109 0-109 8 Ghigarikhal Almora transfer proposal rejected by GoI (km 89 to 101) for 2000+ trees
Mahananda Wildife Sanctaury; Mahananda Forest; Padmaja Naidu Zoological Park; Loyd Botanical Garden, Darjeeling; Seven Elelephant corridors between Km 66 and 74; Darjleeling Himalayan Raiway is passing all Salbari-Kurseong West along; Netaji Museum near Kurseong; 32 55 & Kurseong- 77 0-77 Darjeeling 10 to 30 Bengal Landslides between Km 35 to 45 causing road Darjeeling bench failure/subsidence - bypass suggested. Widening Difficult along parallel railway line section; Out of 77 kms, only about 10 kms length has 7 mt. or more of carriage way width.
West Bankura, 33 60 A Purulia-Bankura 84 0-84 20 to 30 No specific comments Bengal Purulia
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