Commissioning Music for Trombone and Percussion: a Collaboration
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COMMISSIONING MUSIC FOR TROMBONE AND PERCUSSION: A COLLABORATION BETWEEN COMPOSER AND PERFORMER WITH AN ACCOMPANYING SURVEY OF TROMBONE AND PERCUSSION REPERTOIRE Justin Hastings Cook Dissertation Prepared for the Degree of DOCTOR OF MUSICAL ARTS UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS December 2016 APPROVED: Tony Baker, Major Professor Steve Menard, Committee Member Christopher Deane, Committee Member Benjamin Brand, Director of Graduate Studies in the College of Music John W. Richmond, Dean of the College of Music Victor Prybutok, Vice Provost of the Toulouse Graduate School Cook, Justin Hastings. Commissioning Music for Trombone and Percussion: A Collaboration between Composer and Performer with an Accompanying Survey of Trombone and Percussion Repertoire. Doctor of Musical Arts (Performance), December 2016, 68 pp., bibliography, 29 titles. The repertoire for trombone and percussion has grown in popularity since the later 1980s. There are currently more than 110 pieces written for the ensemble. This project follows the commissioning and collaboration of Dr. Blake Tyson, Professor of Percussion at the University of Central Arkansas and well known percussion composer, in the creation of a new piece for trombone and percussion. The project also created a survey of works for trombone and percussion duet that includes 32 works. The survey includes details such as specific percussion instrumentation range, tessitura, grade level, publisher, and a description of each piece. Copyright 2016 By Justin Hastings Cook ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank Tony Baker, Vern Kagarice and Jan Kagarice for all of the help and guidance they have given me over the course of eight years as a student at the University of North Texas. Without their teaching and direction, I would not have been able to graduate, or be a successful teacher at the University of Central Arkansas. Thank you to my committee: Christopher Deane and Steve Menard for their assistance in this project. Also, thank you to Nicholas Williams and Jason Bergman for their help with my topic proposal. Tony Baker deserves the utmost recognition for his countless hours of trombone teaching, life coaching, and the endless hours of editing this document that he selflessly gave to help me graduate. I would not be the trombonist, teacher, or person that I am today without the guidance and support from my teacher, mentor, and friend. I owe a huge debt of gratitude to my friend and composer, Blake Tyson. This project would not have occurred had he not been willing to compose a piece, play through endless amounts of repertoire, and answer question after question as I worked through this project. I could never have imagined how easy it was to work together before this project began, and now that it is complete, I will never forget the joy I experienced during the collaboration process. The biggest thank you goes to my family. My wife Nikki, my son Eli, and my mom and dad. Without Nikki, I would have never finished a paper during any of my degrees, much less, my dissertation. The support she has shown me throughout our 10 years of our marriage and before is immeasurable. Also to my parents, for all of the years of love, support, and encouragement. Without which, none of this would have been possible. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................................................... iii CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................ 1 CHAPTER 2 COMMISSIONING FOR TROMBONE AND PERCUSSION ............................................... 4 CHAPTER 3 COMPOSING FOR TROMBONE AND PERCUSSION ....................................................... 7 CHAPTER 4 SURVEY OF WORKS FOR TROMBONE AND PERCUSSION ......................................... 11 APPENDIX A. URSA CONCULIUM .................................................................................................. 46 APPENDIX B. LIST OF ALL KNOWN SOLO TENOR TROMBONE WORKS WITH PERCUSSION ......... 53 APPENDIX C. LIST OF ALL KNOWN SOLO BASS TROMBONE WORKS WITH PERCUSSION ............ 59 APPENDIX D. CRITERIA FOR ENSEMBLE DIFFICULTY GRADING .................................................... 62 APPENDIX E. BLAKE TYSON’S BIOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION ...................................................... 64 BIBLIOGRAPHY .............................................................................................................................. 66 iv CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Within the world of music, collaboration is a key component of all creating and performing activities. Large ensembles collaborate with the conductor to perform at the highest level. In a chamber group setting, performers work in close cooperation during the music making process. Even the solo performer needs to collaborate with a composer via the musical score in order to successfully perform the solo work.1 This idea of collaboration has led to the creation of a new piece for trombone and percussion by Dr. Blake Tyson, Professor of Percussion at the University of Central Arkansas and well-known percussion composer. As performers, Dr. Tyson and I are continuously looking for new repertoire to perform; specifically, repertoire that can be performed for high school students in a recruiting concert setting. As we initiated the process of looking for music that could be performed together on a recruiting tour, we found the repertoire selection to be very limited. This resulted in Dr. Tyson committing to writing a piece for trombone and percussion that could be performed for a myriad of audiences, and only requires equipment that can be easily transported from school to school. The purpose of this project is to trace the collaborative process between composer and performer when commissioning a new piece of music. This project will chronicle the commission and compositional process of Dr. Tyson, as he composes a duet for trombone and percussion. The end product will produce a new work for trombone and percussion. It will 1 Nibley, Joseph, “The Commissioning of James M Stephenson’s…….Premier” (DMA diss., Florida State University, 2015) 1 foster a greater understanding of the composition and collaborative process implemented when creating a new piece of music. This piece will be tailored to focus on the recruitment of high school trombone and percussion students as well as to accommodate the travel requirements of the performing percussionist. Percussionists are always mindful of selecting only the equipment that is necessary when traveling, as this can be challenging when college percussion professors recruit at various campuses. The piece will be written to utilize equipment that can be commonly found in high school band rooms. This project will also look at the compositional challenges that composers face when writing for this instrumentation. Writing for instruments with varying colors, timbres, and volume capabilities can be a difficult task. In addition to commissioning a new work for trombone and percussion, this project will include a survey of trombone and percussion repertoire. In seeking out repertoire for a trombonist and percussionist to perform, one could find this to be a challenging endeavor. There is no document or place to research or locate these compositions. The best resource is to visit a music distributor’s website. However, one would not know what to search for unless he had prior knowledge of the piece. Another challenge in visiting a distributor’s website is that there is not an exhaustive or inclusive list. A visit to Hickey’s Music Center website shows a listing of approximately thirty pieces for trombone and percussion.2 As of the writing of this document, I have found more than one hundred and ten pieces written for varying 2 “Hickeys Music Center – Trombone Solos with Percussion.” Hickeys Music Center –Trombone Solos with Percussions, accessed July 13, 2015, http://www.hickeys.com/cgi/display.cgi?cart_id=2947240.13108&page=tnsopc.htm 2 instrumentations including trombone and percussion. Of the one hundred and ten pieces, there are thirty pieces alone for trombone and percussion duet. In order to keep the scope of the survey limited, the repertoire included within this project will be similar in instrumentation to the commissioned piece; it will include music that is for a single trombonist and a single percussionist. In the appendix of this document there is included a list of all known pieces with tenor trombone with percussion and bass trombone with percussion. The goal of the survey was to create a document that allows trombone and percussion performers, educators, and students to easily search for and locate desirable repertoire. Currently, the survey includes thirty-two works. 3 CHAPTER 2 COMMISSIONING FOR TROMBONE AND PERCUSSION Commissioning a composer to write a new piece of music occurs for a variety of reasons; whether that be a need for a new piece, a newly formed ensemble looking for new repertoire, or a performer looking for a piece that showcases his or her talent, among other things. Regardless of the reason, the relationship between composer and commissioner/performer is an important and vital bond within the world of music. It is this relationship that fostered the composition of Dr. Tyson’s new piece for trombone and percussion. There are several components that were behind the making of Ursa Conculium for Trombone and Percussion. The idea came, as many do, as a casual conversation that evolved