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PERIODICAL PUBLICATION OF NATIONAL INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY CENTER OF GEORGIA “SAKPATENTI” GEORGIA

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Dear reader, Zvirfaso mkiTxvelo, We are introducing the 5th edition of our warmogidgenT Cveni perioduli gamocemis jurnal „IP saqa- periodical magazine IP Georgia. The slogan rTvelos“ rigiT me-5 nomers. am nomris slogania „aRmoaCine of this edition is “Discover Georgia”. It has a saqarTvelo“ da is saprezentacio xasiaTisaa, radgan misi presentation character, since the large number of umetesi nawili gavrceldeba JenevaSi, ismo-s generalur asam- the magazine is intended to be disseminated in bleaze gamarTul saqarTvelos saRamoze. Sesabamisad, gansa- Geneva at the Georgian event to be held during kuTrebulad SevecadeT winamdebare gamocemaSi Tavmoyrili the WIPO General Assembly. Accordingly, in this edition we made a special effort to provide all yofiliyo yvela mniSvnelovani informacia saqarTveloze the important information concerning Georgia, a _ uZvelesi kulturisa da tradiciebis mqone qveyanaze, ro- country with the ancient culture and traditions, melic mdidaria inteleqtualuri sakuTrebiT. rich in intellectual property. qveynis geografiulma mdebareobam mniSvnelovanwilad The geographical location of the country ganapiroba is, rom saqarTvelo uZvelesi civilizaciis considerably determined the fact that Georgia keraa. Cveni qveyana odiTganve cnobili iyo oqrosa da sxva is a centre of ancient civilization. Since ancient liTonebis damuSavebiT. aRniSnulis damadasturebeli faqte- times our country was known for goldsmithery bi mravlad moipoveba istoriul wyaroebsa Tu miTologiaSi. and other metal working. Facts confirming this cnobebi oqros sawmisisa da promeTes Sesaxeb cxadyofs, rom are found abundantly in historical sources and qarTvel xalxs jer kidev uZvelesi droidan hqonda swrafva mythology. The evidence on the Golden Fleece and Prometheus reveals that the Georgian people teqnologiuri progresisken. garda amisa, xelsayreli kli- had a keen interest in technological progress from maturi pirobebi xels uwyobda miwaTmoqmedebis ganviTarebas the ancient period. Along with this, favourable da, araerTi istoriuli cnobis Tanaxmad, saqarTvelo miCneu- weather conditions facilitated the development of lia Rvinis samSoblod. yvelasTvis kargad cnobili yurZnis agriculture, and according to numerous historical jiSebis garda, saqarTveloSi dRemde SemorCenilia 500-mde sources, Georgia is considered the homeland of jiSis yurZeni. swored unikaluri klimaturi pirobebis gamo, wine. Apart from the well-known grape varieties, saqarTveloSi arsebobs erTmaneTisgan sruliad gansxvave- up to 500 other indigenous grape varieties have buli daculi teritoriebi da saucxoo landSaftebi. Cevni survived in Georgia. Exactly due to the unique winaprebis mier Seqmnilia uamravi xuroTmoZRvrebis Zegli, weather conditions, Georgian protected areas and remarkable landscapes are completely romelTa dizaini da Sesrulebis teqnika, aseve, sruliad gan- different from one another. Our ancestors have sxvavebuli da unikaluria. swored amitom, Jurnalis am spe- created numerous architectural monuments, the cialur gamocemaSi warmodgenilia statiebi qarTuli Rvinis, design and execution technique of which are yvelis, qoreografiuli da kinematografiuli nawarmoebebis, also quite different and unique. That is why this daculi teritoriebis, saqarTvelos kulturuli sagan- special edition of the magazine presents articles Zurisa da, aseve, qarTveli gamomgoneblebis Sesaxeb. on Georgian wine, cheese, choreographic and siamayiT warmogidgenT winamdebare gamocemas da yovelT- cinematographic works, protected areas, cultural vis siamovnebiT gimaspinZlebT saqarTveloSi, raTa sruli treasures as well as Georgian inventors. sicxadiT gaiziaroT am nomris slogani da „aRmoaCinoT We are proud to present this edition of magazine and are looking forward to host you saqarTvelo“. in Georgia to make you feel the slogan of the edition and to “Discover Georgia”. 1 mTavari redaqtori EDITOR-IN-CHIEF qeTevan bojgua Ketevan Bojgua

saredaqcio kolegia EDITORIAL BOARD irakli RvalaZe, ekaterine egutia, Irakli Ghvaladze, Ekaterine Egutia, elene qemaSvili _ aRmasrulebeli redaqtori, Elene Kemashvili – Executive Editor, ani gobeCia, ekaterine SaniZe, zviad maTiaSvili, Ani Gobechia, Ekaterine Shanidze, Zviad Matiashvili, rezo TabukaSvili, giorgi qurdiani Rezo Tabukashvili, Giorgi Kurdiani

teqnikuri redaqtorebi TECHNICAL EDITING nino cuxiSvili, nino bebriSvili Nino Tsukhishvili, Nino Bebrishvili

nomerze muSaobdnen AUTHORS qeTevan bojgua, Ketevan Bojgua, lika beraia, sofo kvintraZe Lika Beraia, Sophie Kvintradze

Targmani TRANSLATION ana metreveli, naTia aladaSvili Ana Metreveli, Natia Aladashvili

koreqtori CORRECTOR lali Wanturia Lali Chanturia

foto PHOTO vano ficxelauri Vano Pitskhelauri

dizaini da dakabadoneba DESIGN AND LAYOUT Teona kereseliZe Teona Kereselidze

poligrafiuli jgufi POLIGRAPHY TEAM mixeil meCitiSvili, arsen lomiZe, lali doliZe Mikheil Mechitishvili, Arsen Lomidze, Lali Dolidze

gansakuTrebuli madloba SPECIAL THANKS TO saqarTvelos daculi teritoriebis erovnul Agency of Protected Areas, National Museum of Georgia, saagentos, saqarTvelos erovnul muzeums, project “Georgian cheese“, Sukhishvili family, proeqt `qarTuli yvelis” xelmZRvanelobas, Ramaz Bluashvili, National Agency for Cultural Heritage suxiSvilebis ojaxs, ramaz bluaSvils, saqarTvelos kulturuli memkvidreobis dacvis erovnul saagentos Preservation of Georgia

ISSN 2298–0121 UDK (uak) 347.771+347.78+7.078+7.067](47922) I-83 am nomerSi IN THIS ISSUE

aRmoaCine saqarTvelo DISCOVER GEORGIA

suxiSvilebi _ brendi, romelic cekvis sinonimia 4 THE SUKHISHVILIS _ BRAND SYNONYMOUS WITH DANCING saqarTvelo _ Rvinis akvani 20 GEORGIA _ CRADLE OF WINE ® saqarTvelos Svidi da meti saocreba 40 SEVEN AND MORE WONDERS OF GEORGIA qarTuli sufris saganZuri 60 TREASURE OF GEORGIAN FEAST muzeumebSi daculi qarTuli saganZuri 74 GEORGIAN TREASURES PRESERVED IN MUSEUMS

kvanturi naxtomi diabetis mefe koma mkurnalobis gzaze 54 KING KOMA QUANTUM LEAP TOWARDS RECOVERY FROM 16 DIABETES babluanebis kino

qeTi melua _ britanelebis sayvareli 68 CINEMA OF BABLUANIS qarTveli momRerali KATIE MELUA _ BRITAIN’S FAVORITE GEORGIAN 34 aleqsandre qarTveli _ amerikuli SINGER samxedro aviaciis Semoqmedi 82 ALEXANDER KARTVELI _ CREATOR OF AMERICAN MILITARY AVIATION

34 20 54 74 brendi BRAND

suxiSvilebi – brendi, romelic cekvis sinonimia THE SUKHISHVILIS – BRAND SYNONYMOUS WITH DANCING

lika beraia LIKA BERAIA

folklori daxvewas saWiroebs ise AS PRECIOUS GEMSTONE NEEDS TREATMENT ve, rogorc Zvirfasi Tvali damuSavebas. FOR BRILLIANCE, FOLKLORE NEEDS IMPROVE- profesionali qoreografi cekvas aSo MENT. IN THE PROCESS OF IMPROVEMENT, A rebs yvelafers rac zedmetia, amkveT PROFESSIONAL CHOREOGRAPHER REMOVES rebs, avsebs da warsulis plastikur ALL THE UNNECESSARY THINGS, INTENSIFIES, REPLENISHES AND HARMONIZES PLASTIC memkvidreobas TanamedroveobasTan axa HERITAGE FROM THE PAST WITH CONTEMPO- mebs. RANEITY. iliko suxiSvili ufrosi ILIKO SUKHISHVILI, SR.

dedamiwaze albaT ar arsebobs umciresi eT- Even the smallest nation in the world has its own nosic ki, rom ar hqondes gamorCeuli, SesaZloa distinct, probably primitive, but characteristic dance. primitiuli, magram mainc mxolod misTvis dam- Muse of the dance has treated Georgians with particular axasiaTebeli cekva. cekvis muza gansakuTrebiT gu- generosity. Georgian dances known for their rare vari- luxvi qarTvelebisTvis aRmoCnda. iSviaTi mraval- ety and rich dancing techniques dates back all the way ferovnebiT da sacekvao ileTebis simdidriT cno- to the very beginning of the nation’s collective memory. bili qarTuli cekva imdenive saukunes iTvlis, ram- However, despite centuries-old history, Georgian densac eri inaxavs Tavis koleqtiur mexsierebaSi. dances developed at an extraordinarily fast pace and gained worldwide recognition in the last 70 years, even Tumca, mravalsaukunovani istoriis miuxedavad, amid the most severe totalitarian regime, which had to qarTulma cekvam arnaxulad swrafi ganviTarebisa do with the appearance of two people in the horizon of da msoflio aRiarebis miRweva swored ukanaskneli the Georgian culture – Iliko Sukhishvili and Nino Ram- 70 wlis ganmavlobaSi, usastikesi totalitaruli ishvili. They were the ones who created the Georgian reJimis pirobebSic SeZlo. es ki ukavSirdeba qarTu- national ballet – Ensemble Sukhishvilis, raised excel- li kulturis horizontze ori adamianis _ iliko lent generations of dancers and revitalized Georgian art suxiSvilisa da nino ramiSvilis gamoCenas. swored, of dancing. Their work is now being carried on by the maT Seqmnes qarTuli nacionaluri baleti _ ansam third generation – Nino and Iliko Sukhishvili Jr. bli `suxiSvilebi~, gazardes brwyinvale mocekvave- “Since youth Iliko Sukhishvili started thinking about Ta Taobebi da axali suli STaberes qarTul sacekvao creating such an ensemble that would combine in itself xelovnebas. dRes maT dawyebul saqmes mesame Taoba _ various dances from all parts of Georgia. Our country is umcrosi nino da iliko suxiSvilebi agrZeleben. rich in folklore but it was more at an ethnographic level. Iliko augmented folk choreography with his own fan- `iliko suxiSvili axalgazrdobidanve fiqrobda tasy and modernism while Nino Ramishvili was a classic Seeqmna dasi, romelic gaaerTianebda saqarTvelos ballet dancer, and they both created an ideal synthesis yvela kuTxis cekvas. Zalian mdidari folklori – mix of classic, modern and folklore. These three com- 4 aRmoaCine saqarTvelo DISCOVER GEORGIA aqvs Cvens qveyanas, magram es folklori iyo ufro ponents have proven to be very gainful and effective in eTnografiul doneze. ilikom xalxur qoreogra- creating a fantastic ballet ensemble founded on folk- fias sakuTari fantazia da modernizmi daumata. lore. This was something very new back then”, – says nino ramiSvili, Tavis mxriv, klasikuri baletis Nino Sukhishvili Jr., who is now the manager and art mocekvave iyo da moxda idealuri sinTezi _ klasi- director of the ensemble. kis, modernisa da folkloris miqsi. am samma kompo- When she says “back then”, she means 30s and nentma Zalian momgebianad imuSava da Seiqmna folk- 40s, when the history of the Sukhishvilis started. The lorze dafuZnebuli fantastikuri sabaleto dasi. Georgian National Ballet – Ensemble Sukhishvilis was officially formed in the 40s but founders started con- im wlebSi es sruliad axali sityva iyo~, _ ambobs templating about creating the ensemble in the 30s. um crosi nino suxiSvili, romelic axla ansamblis June 11, 1945 is considered to be the birthday of the direqtori da samxatvro xelmZRvanelia. ensemble, when it received official status after the war im wlebSi nino suxiSvili umcrosi gasuli sau- was over; however, Iliko Sukhishvili conceived the idea kunis 30-40-ian wlebs gulisxmobs, `suxiSvilebis~ of creating the ensemble in the late 20s. That was why istoria, swored, am droidan iwyeba. oficialu- he refused to leave Georgia. rad qarTuli nacionaluri baleti _ ansambli `su At that time Iliko was working together with George xiSvilebi~ 40-ian wlebSi Camoyalibda, magram dam- Balanchine in St. Petersburg. After leaving Georgia aarseblebi masze ukve 30-iani wlebidan fiqrobdnen. Balanchine had established New York City Ballet and ansamblis dabadebis dRedac 1945 wlis 11 ivnisi iTv- offered Iliko to join him but Iliko turned down his offer leba, roca omis damTavrebis Semdeg statusi miiRo. saying that he would only be able to establish Geor- gian ballet in Georgia. After some time when they met Tumca, realurad iliko suxiSvils ansamblis Seqm- in New York again, Balanchine told Iliko that he made nis idea 20-iani wlebis bolos gauCnda da am ideis the right decision. Georgian National Ballet introduced gamo Tqva uari saqarTvelodan wasvlazec. Georgia to the world. maSin iliko peterburgSi, jorj balanCinisTan More than two hundred tours throughout the world, erTad muSaobda. qveynis datovebis Semdeg, balan- five continents, 90 countries, more than 19 200 perfor- Cinim daaarsa `niu-iork siti baleti~ da ilikosac mances and the audience of more than 60 million. As early as in the 1935, after he performed a solo at the festival of folk dances in Britain, King of England George VI and Queen Mary awarded Iliko Sukhishvili with a golden medal. When following tour of the ensemble coincided with football championship in Britain, no one thought that the concert hall would be full of funs of this sport. During one of the open air performances in India, wooden stage collapsed but the audience captivated by the performance rushed under the stage and during the second part of the performance dancers were performing on the stage standing on the shoulders of Indians. In 1988, their performance on Broadway was recognized as the best show of the year. In Australia, the ensemble was ranked as the eighth wonder of the world. In La Scala, Theatre of Milano, where none of the folk ensembles have performed so far, at the end of the performance the curtains were raised fourteen times amid ovations of the audience! “In 1967 when our ensemble performed in La Scala,it was the first and the only time so far a folk ensemble performed on that stage. Our dance was considered as a classic dance and a very valuable show since they al- lowed the ensemble to perform in La Scala and it was a triumph. We are still proud of the triumph in La Scala. Curtains were raised fourteen times which was a re-

qarTuli cekvis swrafi ganviTareba iliko suxiSvilisa da nino ramiSvilis saxels ukavSirdeba. Fast development of Georgian Dance is connected to the names of Iliko Sukhishvili and Nino Ramishvili.

5 aRmoaCine saqarTvelo DISCOVER GEORGIA

suxiSvilebi erTaderTi folkloruli dasia, romelsac la epatiJeboda, magram uari miiRo: qarTuli baletis skalas scenam umaspinZla. Seqmnas mxolod Cems qveyanaSi SevZlebo. wlebis Sem- The Sukhishvilis is the only folk ensemble which has per- deg, roca niu-iorkSi erTmaneTs isev Sexvdebian, formed on the scene of La Scala Theatre. balanCini ilikos etyvis, rom misi gadawyvetileba swori iyo. qarTulma nacionalurma baletma xom cord following the great Caruso! They raised curtains saqarTvelo mTel msoflios gaacno. 11 times after Caruso’s performance. The record has been inscribed with golden words in the history of the orasze meti turne msoflios irgvliv... msofli- ensemble. They performed by encore five times and re- os 5 kontinenti... 90 qveyana... 19200-ze meti warmod- peated their last dance five times at the request of the gena... 60 milionze meti mayurebeli... audience”, – says Nino Sukhishvili Jr. and recollects that jer kidev 1935 wels, inglisSi gamarTuli for over the years the Sukhishvilis have enjoyed sincere msoflio xalxuri cekvebis festivalze solo enthusiasm and admiration many times, also evidenced gamosvlisas, inglisis mefem georg VI da dedofal- by various press reports about the Sukhishvilis. ma merim iliko suxiSvili oqros medliT daajil- “The Ensemble Sukhishvilis is the unique phenom- doves. rodesac ansamblis morigi gastrolebi did enon whose performance on stage must be seen by everyone at least once in their lifetime!” – wrote French britaneTSi fexburTSi msoflio Cempionats daem- newspaper Figaro. Txva, aravis egona, rom sportis am saxeobis fanebi “Unarguably... there’s no other folk dance troupe sakoncerto darbazebs gaavsebdnen! more exquisite and professional than Sukhishvilis in the indoeTSi dasis erT-erT warmodgenaze, Ria cis world” – Washington Post. qveS saxeldaxelod mowyobili xis scena Caingra, “Jewelers throughout the world differentiate be- magram mojadoebuli mayurebeli scenas qveS Seu- tween precious and semi-precious gemstones. This varda da meore ganyofileba qarTuli sacekvao xe- ensemble is the most precious stone of folklore with lovnebis motrfiale indoelebis beWebze Semdgar classic facets. Performances of the ensemble can be explained with only two words: absolutely amazing!!!” scenaze Sesrulda. – New York Times.

6 aRmoaCine saqarTvelo DISCOVER GEORGIA

1988 wels brodveize dasis warmodgenebi wlis “World’s greatest dancers are on the stage. Have saukeTeso Soud iqna aRiarebuli. you seen how Georgian dancers fly? Have you seen the storm they start whenever they perform on stage” – avstraliaSi suxiSvilebis ansambls msoflios Australian newspaper Daily Mirror. merve saocreba uwodes. “There are many such reports and I am proud that milanis la skalas TeatrSi ki, sadac arc erTi this work is now continued by the third generation of eris folklorul dass dRemde fexi ar daudgams, the family – my brother and myself. Our names are suxiSvilebis ansamblis warmodgenis dasrulebis Iliko and Nino too, as we have been named after our Semdeg, ovaciebis TanxlebiT farda 14-jer aiwia! grandparents. People are often confused and therefore, `1967 wels, roca la skalas scenam umaspinZla we have introduced terms Iliko Senior and Iliko Junior, Cvens ansambls, es iyo pirveli da dRemde erTader- Nino Senior and Nino Junior” – says Nino Sukhishvili. Ti folkloruli dasi, romelic am Teatris scenaze Nino Senior and Iliko Senior met each other at the gamovida. Cveni cekva klasikad da Zalian Rirebul Tbilisi Opera and Ballet Theatre in late 20s. Nino Ram- Soud miiCnies, radgan misces ufleba, rom la ska- ishvili had graduated from Maria-Pelini Ballet Studio laSi dasi gamosuliyo da es triumfi iyo. triumfi and was a dancer at the Opera and Ballet Theatre. Iliko la skalaSi dRemde saamayoa CvenTvis. farda 14-jer Sukhishvili performed Georgian folk dances at Opera aiwia, es iyo rekordi didi karuzos Semdeg! karu- and Ballet Theatre. This is where they met and soon became partners not only on stage but also in real life. zoze maqsimum 11-jer awies farda. rekordi la ska- They staged several duets, worked on stage, had tours laSi Cveni ansamblis istoriaSi oqros asoebiTaa together and constantly thought about establishing an Cawerili _ ansambli bisze 5-jer gamoiZaxes, bolo ensemble. The first ensemble was composed of only 8 cekvac 5-jer gaameorebines~, _ ambobs umcrosi nino girls and 12 boys, while today the number of its mem- suxiSvili da ixsenebs, rom wlebis manZilze `suxi bers has greatly increased and is more than one hun- Svilebi~ araerTxel gamxdara msoflioSi gulwrfe- dred. There is also a dance school currently raising 800 li aRfrTovanebisa da Tayvaniscemis obieqti, rasac aspiring dancers in different age groups. sxvadasxva qveynis presaSi gamoTqmuli Sefasebebic However, in order to achieve such results amid the adasturebs. most severe totalitarian regime, the ensemble needed `suxiSvilebis ansambli is unikaluri fenomenia, ileTebi da cekvebi, rac dRes xalxurad iTvleba, iliko romlis warmodgenac yovelma adamianma sicocxleSi suxiSvilisa da nino ramiSvilis Seqmnilia. erTxel mainc unda ixilos scenaze!~ _ werda franguli gazeTi `figaro~. Techniques and dances that are now considered to be folklore were created by Iliko Sukhishvili and Nino Ramishvili. yvela foto _ suxiSvilebis arqividan of Sukhishvilis All Photos – From photo archive 7 aRmoaCine saqarTvelo DISCOVER GEORGIA

`udavoa, rom msoflioSi ar arsebobs suxi pirveli ansambli sul 8 gogonasa da 12 biWs iTvlida. dRes Svilebis ansamblze ufro daxvewili profesionali masSi ukve 100-ze meti mocekvavea. folkloruli dasi!~ _ `vaSington posti~. First ensemble was composed of only 8 girls and 12 boys. Today the number is more than one hundred. `msoflios iuvelirebi ansxvaveben Zvirfas da to survive. Nino and Iliko went through the epoch of naklebad Zvirfas qvebs. es dasi ki folkloris uZ- ruling by Stalin and Beria, but did everything they could virfasesi qvaa klasikuri waxnagebiT. dasis warmod- for the survival of the ensemble. genebi SeiZleba 2 sityviT aixsnas: pirdapir gasao Nino Sukhishvili recalls the period when in order to cari!!!~ _ `niu-iork taimsi~. show the need of creation of the ensemble, young Iliko `scenaze arian msoflios udidesi mocekvaveebi! Sukhishvili spent hours performing two-hour program ginaxavT, rogor dafrinaven qarTveli mocekvavee- alone in the offices of secretaries of the Central Com- bi? arc is ginaxavT ra qarbuqi amovardeba xolme mittee of the Communist Party. scenaze maTi gamosvlisas?~ _ werda avstraliuri “At one of the receptions in Kremlin when they heard gazeTi `deili mirori~. Nino Ramishvili’s name, Stalin gave a cold look and said `aseTi Sefasebebi Zalian bevri iyo da meamayeba, – Ramishvili?! They are all Mensheviks and need to be rom am saqmes dRes Cems ZmasTan erTad ojaxis mesame arrested”. Taoba vagrZelebT. Cvenc iliko da nino varT _ ro- “It was 1937, the worst year in the history of the gorc bebias da babuas iseve gvqvia, xSirad eSlebaT country. Kremlin was hosting Georgian Decade event da amitom, SemoviReT terminebi: ufrosi iliko, um- in its acting hall. Stalin was fascinated by Iliko’s dance crosi iliko, ufrosi nino, umcrosi nino~, _ ambobs while my grandmother was at a disadvantage for bear- nino suxiSvili. ing the surname of Ramishvili. All relatives or persons ufrosi nino da ufrosi iliko erTmaneTs 20-iani bearing the surname of the first president of the Repub- wlebis bolos, TbilisSi, operisa da baletis Teatr- lic of Georgia, Noe Ramishvili were predestined. Stalin Si Sexvdnen. nino ramiSvils maria pelinis sabaleto loved Iliko’s dance so much that he offered to make skola-studia hqonda damTavrebuli da operisa da his any wish come true. Iliko could ask for everything, including a house or an office but instead, he did some- baletis TeatrSi cekvavda. iliko suxiSvili ki ope- thing wise and asked for a photo with Stalin’s signature risa da baletis TeatrSi asrulebda qarTuli cek- – he knew he would need it later. This is how they sur- vis partiebs. iq gaicnes erTmaneTi da Zalian male vived repressions. We have kept the photo at home. My gaxdnen partniorebi ara mxolod scenaze, aramed grandmother was hiding it all the time. Grandpa would 8 aRmoaCine saqarTvelo DISCOVER GEORGIA cxovrebaSic. dadges ramdenime dueti, muSaobdnen take it and she would hide it again”. estradaze, dadiodnen gastrolebze da ansamblis They survived the repressions but still received an Seqmnis idea ar asvenebdaT. pirveli ansambli sul order from Moscow to dissolve the ensemble in 1953. raRac 8 gogonasa da 12 biWs iTvlida. dRes ki ansam- The order said that they had travelled enough. The en- bli Zalian gazrdilia, masSi ukve 100-ze meti mocek- semble was already very successful by that time. They vavea. Cven gaqvs Cveni cekvis skola, sadac izrdeba had performed in Finland, the country Russia was un- 800-mde sxvadasxva asakis momavali mocekvave. able to occupy and viewed it as enemy. They had also Tumca, am Sedegis miRwevas usastikesi totalita- performed in capitalist countries, while no one could ruli reJimis pirobebSi ansamblis gadarCena sWir leave the Soviet Union at that time. This is when the order to dissolve the ensemble was received. deboda. ninom da ilikom stalinis da berias mmar Tvelobis epoqa gaiares, magram yvelaferi gaakeTes Nino Sukhishvili recalls that Iliko did something very imisTvis, rom ansambls earseba. clever – “he rented two carriages with his own financial means, placed the whole ensemble there and went nino suxiSvili gansakuTrebulad ixsenebs peri- as far as he could go. In every city where the train ods, roca ansamblis Camoyalibebis aucileblobis stopped, he visited cultural centers or theatres and of- dasamtkiceblad axalgazrda iliko suxiSvili ck-s fered their managers holding of a concert in return for mdivnebTan kabinetSi idga da 2 saaTian programas sharing the profit”. marto cekvavda. `kremlSi erT-erT miRebaze nino The ensemble spent six months travelling through- ramiSvilis gvaris gagonebisas, stalinma civad out the Soviet Union. They were in Siberia when they gadaxeda da Tqva _ ramiSvili?! _ isini xom yvelani learned about the death of Stalin. During these hec- menSevikebi arian, dasaWeri xalxia~. tic times when the government and the politics was `37 weli iyo yvelaze saSineli weli qveynis is- changing, the ensemble was least of everyone’s con- toriaSi, kremlis saaqto darbazSi saqarTvelos cern and it survived. dekadis dReebi tardeboda. ilikos cekviT stali- ni moxibluli iyo, bebia ki iCagreboda, radgan misi gvari ramiSvili gaxldaT. Tavisufali saqar suxiSvilebis sasceno kostiumebic ki unikaluri samuzeumo Tvelos respublikis pirveli prezidentis _ noe eqsponatebia. The Sukhishvilis stage costumes are unique museum ramiSvilis yvela naTesavi Tu mogvare ganwiruli exhibits.

9 10 iyo. ilikos cekva imdenad moewona stalins, rom `suxiSvilebi~ 2005 wlidan ukve oficialurad SesTavaza nebismieri survilis Sesruleba. ilikos registrirebuli brendi gaxda. SeeZlo yvelaferi eTxova, dawyebuli saxlidan, “The Sukhishvilis” has been officially registered as a brand damTavrebuli TanamdebobiT, magram xriks mimarTa since 2005. da fotosuraTi sTxova avtografiT _ icoda, rom gamoadgeboda. ase gadaurCnen represiebs. es foto Today the ensemble is headed by the third genera- dResac gvaqvs saxlSi. bebia mas sul malavda, babua tion of the Sukhishvilis. According to Nino Sukhishvili amoiRebda, bebia damalavda.~ Jr., similar to her ancestors the ensemble is the main represiebs gadarCnen, Tumca, 1953 wels moskovi- thing that keeps her occupied – “the ensemble is like dan ansamblis daSlis moTxovniT brZaneba mainc a big family for us. We spend more time there, dur- movida. brZanebaSi ewera _ sakmarisad imogzaureso. ing rehearsals and tours, than with our families. My am periodSi ansambli Zalian warmatebuli iyo. ukve father Tengiz Sukhishvili headed the ensemble in a gamarTuli hqondaT koncerti fineTSi, romlis very dignified manner and for a long time, and I am dapyroba ruseTma ver SeZlo da mtrad miaCnda. an- proud that today Iliko and I are continuing his work. sambli kapitalistur qveynebSic iyo gasuli da es My grandfather always used to tell us – do everything im dros, roca sabWoTa kavSiridan aravin gadioda. that you can to keep the name of the Sukhishvilis now swored am dros movida ansamblis daSlis brZaneba. carried by the ensemble on theatre posters throughout the world, and his dream did come true. Sukhishvili is nino suxiSvili ixsenebs, rom ilikom aqac xriks already synonymous with dancing in my country”. mimarTa _ `sakuTari saxsrebiT pirdapir sadgurSi What has come to be a synonym of Georgian danc- iqirava 2 vagoni, mTeli ansambli Casva da wavida ing was created as a result of innovation and unlimited sadac Tvali miuwvdeboda. yvela qalaqSi, sadac fantasy throughout years. What many of us don’t know Cerdeboda matarebeli, midioda kulturis saxlSi is that all the techniques and dances that are now con- an TeatrSi da direqtors koncertis gamarTvasa da sidered to be folklore were created independently by Semosavalis gayofas sTavazobda.~ Iliko Sukhishvili and Nino Ramishvili based on Geor- 6 Tve gaatara ansamblma ase, mTeli sabWoTa kavSi- gian folklore. Amid the totalitarian regime when indi- ri moiares da sadRac cimbirisken iyvnen Casulebi, vidualism was punishable, they had to willingly give 11 aRmoaCine saqarTvelo DISCOVER GEORGIA

roca stalinis gardacvalebis Sesaxeb Seityves. amis nino suxiSvili Semdeg aravis hqonda suxiSvilebis ansamblis dardi. Nino Sukhishvili qveyanaSi Seicvala mTavroba, politika da ansam- blic gadarCa. dRes ansambls suxiSvilebis mesame Taoba udgas saTaveSi. umcrosi nino suxiSvili ambobs, rom winaprebis msgavsad, ansambli misTvisac mTavari saqmea. `ansambli CvenTvis aris didi ojaxi. Cven ufro met dros vatarebT aq, dasSi repeticiebis dros da gastrolebze, vidre saxlebSi. mama _ Tengiz suxiSvili Zalian Rirseulad, didxans xelmZRvanelobda ansambls da meamayeba, rom dRes, ukve mamis Semdeg, me da iliko amas vagrZelebT. babuaCemi sul gveubneboda _ yvelaferi gaakeTeT, rom suxiSvilis gvari, romel saxelsac dRes ansambli atrebs, ar gaqres msoflios Teatrebis afiSebidano da misi survili marTlac asrulda. suxiSvili Cems qveyanaSi ukve cekvis sinonimia.“ is, rac dRes qarTuli cekvis sinonimia, wlebis manZilze inovaciisa da uSreti fantaziis xarjze iqmneboda. bevrma dRemde ar icis, rom ileTebi da mTeli cekvebic ki, rac dRes xalxurad iTvleba, iliko suxiSvilisa da nino ramiSvilis mier, mar- Talia, qarTuli folkloris bazaze, magram damoukideblad aris Seqmnili. totalitaruli reJi- mis pirobebSi, roca individualizmi isjeboda, maT sakuTari Semoqmedebis avtorobaze uaris Tqma da xalxur Semoqmedebad gasaReba uxdebodaT. nino suxiSvili ixsenebs, rom nino da iliko jer kidev 20-ian wlebSi cekvavdnen gasaocar duets _

dRes ansambls suxiSvilebis mesame Taoba udgas saTaveSi. Today the ensemble is headed by the third generation of Sukhishvilis.

up authorship of their own creation and pretend that it was a folk art. Nino Sukhishvili recalls that Nino and Iliko were dancing an amazing duet as early as in the 20s – “both were wearing a Chokha1, Iliko was dressed in black while Nino was dressed in white. Her technique was in no way lesser than his. At first the audience was not aware that the dancer wearing white Chokha was a woman. At the end of the performance when Nino took off her headpiece, the audience was clapping in awe. It was a very effective performance. Mtiuluri – Lekuri was the name of it. We have now renamed it and it is included as Ilouri2 in our program as Iliko Sukhishvili was the one who came up with it”.

1 Georgian national costume 2 Literally translates as Ilo’s way of dancing

cekva `ilouri~ The dance “Ilouri”

12 aRmoaCine saqarTvelo DISCOVER GEORGIA

ansamblis mTavari qoreografi iliko suxiSvili (umcrosi) iliko suxiSvili damaarseblebis gzas agrZelebs Iliko Sukhishvili Main choreographer of the ensemble, Iliko Sukhishvili Jr. continues the path of its founders

Tradition combined with innovation – main choreographer of the ensemble, Iliko Sukhishvili Jr. continues with the path of its founders in the 21st century. Dances he has directed, including “Zekari”, “Chavla”, “Samani”, “Uchkhresti”, “Ilouri”, “Juta”, “Shkhelda”, “Kisturi”, “Lazuri”, “Tsdo”, “Khorumi”, “Khanjluri”, “Sva- nuri” and “Nanila” were organically harmonized with the old program. “It is safe to say that performing became more difficult, draft was modified, together with movements and technique. As a director of choreography I was focused on maintaining a golden balance and I think I managed to do it. We maintained a golden balance all the time. I did not know whether it was going to work but the new

cekva `xorumi~ The dance “Khorumi”

òrives Coxa ecva, ilikos _ Savi, ninos _ TeTri. Sav- Coxians ileTebiT da moZraobiT ar Camouvardeboda TeTrCoxiani... Tavidan mayurebelma ar icoda, rom TeTrCoxiani qali iyo. cekvis bolos, roca nino boxoxs gadaiZrobda, darbazi aRtacebisgan taSiT ingreoda. Zalian efeqturi nomeri iyo. mTiuluri _ lekuri, ese erqva am nomers. dRes Cvens programaSi sxva saxelwodebiT aris _ ilouri. es imitom, rom sinamdvileSi es cekva mTlianad ufrosi iliko suxi Svilis mofiqrebuli ileTebiT daidga.~ tradiciis Serwyma inovaciasTan _ ansamblis mTavari qoreografi iliko suxiSvili (umcrosi) damaarseblebis gzas XXI saukuneSi agrZelebs. mis mier dadgmuli cekvebi `zekari~, `Cavla~, `samani~, ùCxresti~, ìlouri~, `juTa~, `Sxelda~, `qisturi~, `lazuri~, `cdo~, `xorumi~, `xanjluri~, `svanuri~ da `nanila~ organulad Seerwya Zvel programas. `SeiZleba iTqvas, rom ufro garTulda Sesrule- ba, Seicvala naxazi, moZraobebi, ileTebi. me, rogorc damdgmeli qoreografi, vfiqrobdi imaze, rom dameWira oqros Sualedi da vfiqrob es SevZeli. oqros Sualedi gveWira yovelTvis. winaswar arc ki vicodi, Tu ase gaamarTlebda, magram axalma pro- gramam xalxis mowoneba daimsaxura da msoflioSi yvelgan didi warmatebiT Caiara. vamayob, rom Cvens 13 aRmoaCine saqarTvelo DISCOVER GEORGIA

qveyanas SevuqmeniT es saocari ganZi. ar meguleba program gained public approval and was very success- arcerTi qveyana, sadac xalxuri tradiciuli cekva ful throughout the world. I am proud that we have cre- iyos esoden popularuli axalgazrda TaobaSi, Ti ated such an amazing treasure for our country. I don’t neijerebSi, rogorc saqarTveloSia. Cveni ansamblis know a single country where traditional folk dances are stili iyo yovelTvis mudmivi ganaxleba, siaxlis as popular among youth, teenagers, as it is in Geor- Zieba, Zvel tradiciebze dayrdnobiT axlis Seneba gia. The style of our ensemble was in constant renewal, da dadgma~, _ ambobs nino suxiSvili. search of something new, creation of something new tradiciebTan erTad ojaxi sakuTar brendsac based on the old traditions”, – says Nino Sukhishvili. icavs. `suxiSvilebi~ 2005 wlidan ukve oficialu- Together with traditions the family also protects its rad registrirebuli brendi gaxda. own brand. “The Sukhishvilis” has been officially regis- suxiSvilebis sasceno kostiumebic ki unikaluri tered as a brand since 2005. samuzeumo eqsponatebia. isev erovnul samoss iyene- Sukhishvili’s stage costumes are unique museum ben. SemorCenil kostiumebs sul ukeTdeba restavra- exhibits. They are still using folk costumes. Those cos- cia. koncertis ganmavlobaSi 700-mde kostiumi ga- tumes that have been maintained are constantly re- dis scenaze, romlebic aucileblad naturaluri stored. Almost 700 costumes are displayed on stage qsovilebisgan iqmneba. during a concert and each are made from natural fabric. `ilikosTan da ninosTan Tavis droze imuSava “The greatest artist, stage graphic designer of udidesma mxatvarma _ peterburgis marinis Teatris St. Petersburg’s Mariinsky Theatre and the author of scenografma da unikaluri baletebis avtorma so- unique ballets, Soliko Virsaladze worked with Iliko and liko virsalaZem, romelsac baqstisa da benuas do- Nino back in the day. To me, he is equal to Baxt and nezec davayenebdi, SeiZleba ufro maRlac. 30-iani Benua, if not more. Starting from the 30s through the wlebidan moyolebuli 80-ian wlebamde _ sicocxlis 80s in his lifetime he created all of the costumes for the bolomde ansamblisTvis yvela kostiumi misi Seqm- ensemble as well as improved them. I learned from Mr. nili iyo. swored man daxvewa ase qarTuli sacekvao Soliko Virsaladze that you should dress the dance and kostiumi. batoni soliko virsalaZisagan viswavle, not the dancer”, – says Nino Sukhishvili. rom unda Caacva ara mocekvaves, aramed unda Caacva The Sukhishvilis are now working on a completely cekvas~, _ ambobs nino suxiSvili. different project entitled the Ramishvilis, a new pro- amJamad, suxiSvilebi sruliad axal proeqtze gram dedicated to Nino Ramishvili and enriched with muSaoben. `ramiSvilebi~, ase hqvia axal programas, modernist elements of ballet. romelic nino ramiSvils mieZRvneba da modernis- “I always thought when I was a child how boring life tuli baletis elementebiT iqneba gajerebuli. should have been for those who don’t dance” – said `bavSvobaSi sul vfiqrobdi: albaT ra mosawyenia Nino Ramishvili. Her grandchildren now promise their cxovreba imaTTvis, vinc ar cekvavs~ _ es sityvebi fans that together with them life is never going to be nino ramiSvils ekuTvnis. misi SviliSvilebi qar- boring. Tuli cekvis Tayvanismcemels swored amas pirdebi- an, rom maTTan erTad cxovreba mosawyeni arasodes iqneba.

sasaqonlo niSani TRADEMARK sasaqonlo niSani aris simbolo an Trademark is a sign or combination simboloTa erToblioba, romelic ga- of signs that can be represented graphi- moisaxeba grafikulad da ganasxvavebs cally and is capable of distinguishing the erTi sawarmos saqonels an/da mom- goods or services or both of one under- saxurebas meore sawarmos saqonlisa taking from those of other undertak- an/da momsaxurebisagan. sasaqonlo ings. Trademark shall be registered at niSani registrirdeba saqpatentSi . SAKPATENTI.

14 15 gamogoneba INVENTION

kvanturi naxtomi diabetis gankurnebis gzaze QUANTUM LEAP TOWARDS RECOVERY FROM DIABETES

lika beraia LIKA BERAIA

es is SemTxvevaa, roca cxovreba meored dabadebis This is that rare occasion, when life gives you a sec- Sanss gaZlevs maSinac ki, Tu sicocxlis gadasarCenad ond chance to be born again even if no donor has been donori ar moiZebna. profesorma zurab kakabaZem found to save your life. Professor Zurab Kakabadze de- adamianis daavadebul organoTa Secvla axali cided to replace diseased human organs by creating new organs and he actually managed to do it. No donor organoebis SeqmniT gadawyvita da moaxerxa kidec. will be needed any more to transplant an organ. If we imisaTvis, rom organo gadainergos donori saWiro discuss how many persons suffer acute heart diseases, aRar iqneba. Tu vimsjelebT ramden adamians aqvs gulis renal failure, diabetes or liver cirrhosis, it is easy to mwvave daavadebebi, Tirkmlis ukmarisoba, diabeti imagine how many people are expecting organ trans- an cirozi, ioli warmosadgenia ramdeni adamiani plantation to be introduced in Georgia. However, the elodeba saqarTveloSi organoTa transplantaciis key problem is absence of donors in Georgia as well danergvas. Tumca, mTavari problema saqarTveloSi as extremely high prices of organ transplant surgeries donorebis ararseboba, msoflioSi ki am operaciebis abroad. Everyone looks for a solution and this solution katastrofuli siZvirea. yvela eZebs gamosavals, has been found by Professor Zurab Kakabadze in tissue romelsac profesorma zurab kakabaZem qsovilebis bioengineering, i.e. creation of new organs. According to official statistics, in Georgia 300 000 bioinJineriaSi anu axali organoebis SeqmnaSi miagno. persons (7-8% of the entire population) are infected oficialuri statistikiT, saqarTveloSi with Hepatitis C virus (HCV). Due to lack of medications mxolod C hepatitis virusiT 300000 adamiania to treat hepatitis C, the infection further aggravates the inficirebuli, rac mosaxleobis 7-8%-s Seadgens. liver and causes various types of cirrhosis. radgan, dResdReobiT, C hepatitis samkurnalo “Unfortunately, most of diseased patients saSualebebi arasrulyofilia, mis garTulebad need liver transplantation; otherwise, they are sxvadasxva tipis cirozi gvevlineba. all doomed. As far as diabetes is concerned, 300 million people suffer this disease throughout the `samwuxarod, daavadebulTa umravlesobas world, including Georgia. esaWiroeba RviZlis gadanergva, winaaRmdeg Nowadays, transplantation of the islets of SemTxvevaSi isini ganwirulebi arian. rac Seexeba Langerhans (insulin producing cells) taken from diabets, am paTologiiT msoflioSi, maT Soris a donor’s pancreas is considered a perspective saqarTveloSic, 300 milioni adamiania daavadebuli. method for treating diabetes. Unfortunately, because of absence of donor’s institute in Georgia, dResdReobiT, msoflioSi diabetis mkurnalobis it is impossible to perform similar surgeries at perspeqtiul meTodad donoris pankreasidan this stage. If the country has no donor’s insti- aRebuli langerhansis kunZulebis (insulinis tute, it cannot become a part of the International maproducirebeli ujredebi) gadanergva miiCneva. Registry in Organ Donation, and respectively can- samwuxarod, saqarTveloSi donoris institutis not receive donated organs from other countries. ararsebobis gamo, am tipis operaciebis warmoeba However, patients can apply to various foreign 16 gamogoneba INVENTION am etapze SeuZlebelia. Tu qveyanaSi ar arsebobs clinics, which perform organ transplantation, but donoris instituti, igi ver Seva saerTaSoriso re these surgeries are extremely expensive. For ex- estrSi da, Sesabamisad, ver miiRebs sxva qveynebidan ample, donor liver transplantation costs about EUR 200 000 in France for foreign citizens. More- donorul organoebs. Tumca, pacientebs SeuZliaT over, the world faces donor transplant deficit. mimarTon msoflios sxvadasxva klinikebs, sadac or Many countries are now looking for a solution”, ganoebis transplantacia xorcieldeba, magram es says Professor Zurab Kakabadze, who works in this di- operaciebi Zalian did xarjebTanaa dakavSirebuli. rection. magaliTad, safrangeTSi donoruli RviZlis trans Nowadays, the method of stem cell transplantation plantacia ucxo qveynis moqalaqisTvis daaxloebiT is quite popular; however, this is only a bridge before 200 000 evromde Rirs. garda amisa, msoflioSi do organ transplantation. A certain period of time is need- noruli organoebis didi deficitic aRiniSneba. am ed to find a donated organ; however, the disease is fur- problemidan gamosavals bevri qveyana eZebs~, _ am- ther aggravating and time is pressing. Therefore, stem cells are transplanted to help a human body before a bobs profesori zurab kakabaZe, romelic am mimar- donated organ is found. In frames of the presidential TulebiT muSaobs. program, about 40 patients suffering liver cirrhosis dResdReobiT, popularulia Rerovani ujredebis have already undergone stem cell transplantation at transplantaciis meTodi, Tumca, es mxolod xidia the N. Kipshidze Central University Clinic. donoris organos gadanergvamde. pacientisTvis do- “As I have already mentioned above, stem cell noruli organos mosaZebnad garkveuli droa saWiro, transplantation is a temporary replacement ther- daavadeba ki viTardeba da dro ar iTmens. amitom, apy for these patients. Hence, organ transplantation is inevitable”, Prof. Kakabadze says. gamoiyeneba Rerovani ujredebi, romelTa gadanerg- According to recent data, the world leading clinics va donoris organos moZiebamde organizms exmareba. use the two methods of tissue engineering to settle this saqarTveloSi, n. yifSiZis saxelobis sauniversiteto problem. In particular, it is already possible to grow klinikaSi, prezidentis programis farglebSi, RviZ- organs in a test-tube for further transplantation into a lis ciroziT daavadebul 40-mde pacients Rerovani patient’s body. Another method envisages growing of

profesori zurab kakabaZe pacientis organizmSi organos

shutterstock.com gazrdis axal meTodze muSaobs. Professor Zurab Kakabadze is working on a new method of growing an organ in a patient’s body. foto: Photo: shutterstock.com 17 gamogoneba INVENTION

ujredebis transplantacia ukve gaukeTda. an organ in a patient’s body (auxiliary organ). `rogorc zemoT avRniSne, Rerovani ujredebis The both methods of tissue engineering are revolutionary and will settle the key problems of treatment of transplantacia am pacientebisaTvis aris droebiTi lots of diseases in the near future. CanacvlebiTi Terapia. aqedan gamomdinare, dono “Our sphere of interests is to grow an organ in ruli organos gadanergva gardauvalia.~ a patient’s body. As far back as 1997, we unveiled bolo wlebis monacemebiT, msoflios wamyvan the possibility of growing a new liver in a pa- klinikebSi am problemis gadasawyvetad mimarTaven tient’s body to the international scientific society. qsovilovani inJineriis meTodebs, romelic ori For this purpose we used demucosalized isolated mimarTulebiT viTardeba. kerZod, ukve SesaZlebelia intestinal segment, in which we placed liver mi- organoebis gazrda sinjaraSi pacientis organizmSi cro fragments. In 2013 we used the same method in our experiment on diabetic animals and trans- Semdgomi gadanergvisTvis da meore gzaa organos planted insulin-producing cells. The results were gazrda TviT pacientis organizmSi (augzilaruli quite positive”. organo). It should be noted that according to the most wide- qsovilovani inJineriis orive mimarTuleba revo spread method of treating diabetes, insulin-producing luciuria da, axlo momavalSi, bevri daavadebis cells are injected in a patient’s liver from a portal vein. mkurnalobis ZiriTad problemas gadawyvitavs. However, this method is characterized by various com- plications. `Cveni interesis sferos warmoadgens organos “In 2011 we acquainted the world medical gazrda TviT pacientis organizmSi. jer kidev 1997 society with an alternative minimally-invasive wels��, saerTaSoriso�� samecniero�� sazogadoebas�� war�� method of insulin-producing cell transplantation vudgineT ��pacientis ��organizmSi ��axali�� RviZlis ��gaz to treat diabetes. The key essence of this method rdis SesaZlebloba. amisaTvis gamoviyeneT nawlavis is as follows: the both ends of a vein are tied off; demukozirebuli izolirebuli segmenti, romelSic vein valves are washed from blood and filled with RviZlis mikrofragmentebi movaTavseT. 2003 wels insulin-producing cells”. ki am meTodis gamoyenebiT eqsperimentSi diabetian In the opinion of American scientists, Zurab Kak- cxovelebze movaxdineT insulinmaproducirebeli abadze’s invention has gone beyond the realms of possibility. The Diabetes Research Institute in Miami has ujredebis transplantacia da miviReT kargi Sede shown interest in the Georgian professor’s achieve- gebi.~ ment. Innovation, revolution, biological model of re- unda aRiniSnos, rom msoflioSi diabetis sam- qarTveli profesoris miRweviT maiamis diabetis kvleviTi kurnalod insulinmaproducirebeli ujredebi pa- instituti dainteresda. cientis RviZlSi karis venidan SehyavT. am meTodis The Diabetes Research Institute in Miami has shown inter- uaryofiTi mxarea sxvadasxva tipis garTulebebi. est in the Georgian professor’s achievement. shutterstock.com foto: Photo: shutterstock.com

18 gamogoneba INVENTION

`2011 wels msoflios samedicino sazoga covery from diabetes, quantum leap toward recovery from doebas diabetis mkurnalobis mizniT insulin diabetes that can restore natural insulin producing processes maproducirebeli ujredebis transplanta in human body and normalize blood sugar level – this is how ciis alternatiuli mcireinvaziuri meTodi American research fellows and scientists assess Prof. Kak- abadze’s invention. warvudgineT. meTodis arsi mdgomareobs Sem The author has already patented his revolutionary inno- degSi: pacientis venis orive bolo ikvanZeba, vation in Georgia, while the Ilia State University assists him venis sanaTuri irecxeba sisxlisagan da ivseba to obtain an international patent. Ilia State University Rector insulinmaproducirebeli ujredebiT.~ Gigi Tevzadze says that the invention, which facilitates a very amerikeli mecnierebis azriT, zurab kaka- important branch, is extremely interesting in itself, but inter- baZis gamogoneba SesaZleblobebis sazRvrebs national patent is needed because it is a Georgian know-how, gascda. qarTveli profesoris miRweviT maiamis Georgian invention. diabetis kvleviTi instituti dainteresda. “There are several reasons why it is so important to promote the innovation to the international arena: first and fore- inovacia, revolucia, diabetisgan gankurnebis most, this invention has already received quite a positive biologiuri modeli, kvanturi naxtomi diabe- response in the United States and Europe; second, Georgia tisgan gansakurneblad, romelic organizmSi is extremely poor in international patents and third, similar bunebrivi insulinis warmoqmnas aRadgens da invention is very important for the university. sisxlSi Saqris donis normalizebas iwvevs _ “What is very expensive for a particular scientist is not aseTia amerikeli mkvlevarebis da mecnierebis expensive for the university. The practice of obtaining inter- Sefasebebi. national patents and involvement in the international patent revoluciuri inovacia avtorma saqar movement is very important for the university. Professors should be confident that if they create a valued invention, the TveloSi ukve daapatenta, saerTaSoriso pat- university will assist them in obtaining an international patentis aRebaSi ki mas ilias saxelmwifo univer- ent”, Gigi Tevzadze says. siteti exmareba. universitetis reqtori gigi “Presently, we are working on the creation of new tissues TevzaZe ambobs, rom gamogoneba, romelic mniS- and organs. For this purpose, we have developed new meth- vnelovan dargs exeba, TavisTavad sainteresoa, ods of decellularization, lyophilization and recellularization saerTaSoriso dapatenteba ki saWiroa, radgan that will enable us to receive a tissue matrix and create dif- es aris qarTuli nou-hau, qarTuli gamogoneba. ferent tissues and organs on its basis. What I have talked about is really from the sphere of science fiction, but the fact `inovaciis saerTaSoriso arenaze gatana is certain”, Zurab Kakabadze explains. In case of realization of mniSvnelovania ramdenime mizezis gamo: jer his ambitious goals, the results will be much more fantastic. erTi, am gamogonebas ukve Zalian didi da kargi rezonansi hqonda amerikis SeerTebul Statebsa da evropaSi, meore _ saqarTvelo Zalian Rarib- patenti ia saerTaSoriso patentebiT da mesame _ uni- patenti aris gamomgoneblisaTvis saxelmwifos mier versitetisTvis Zalian mniSvnelovania msgavsi gansazRvruli droiT miniWebuli monopoliuri ufleba, gamogoneba. romlis safuZvelzec patentis mflobels SeuZlia nebismier pirs aukrZalos patentiT daculi gamogonebiT `is, rac Zalian Zviria konkretuli mecnier- sargebloba. fizikuri an iuridiuli pirisaTvis mo isaTvis, ar aris Zviri universitetisTvis. uni- nopoliuri uflebis miniWeba dasturdeba sapatento versitetisTvis mniSvnelovania saerTaSoriso sigeliT (patentiT), romelic gaicema saqpatentis mier. patentebis aRebis praqtika da saerTaSoriso sa- patenti SeiZleba gaices maqsimum 20 wlis vadiT. patenti, patento moZraobaSi CarTva. profesorebi unda rogorc sakuTrebiTi uflebis forma SeiZleba gaxdes iyvnen darwmunebulebi, rom Tu Rirebul gamo- gayidvis an licenzirebis obieqti. gonebas Seqmnian, universiteti maT daexmareba saerTaSoriso patentis aRebaSi~, _ acxadebs gigi TevzaZe. `dResdReobiT vmuSaobT axali qsovilebisa PATENT da organoebis Seqmnaze. amisaTvis SevimuSaveT A patent is a monopoly right granted to an organoebis decelularizaciis, liofiliza inventor for a certain period of time, defended ciisa da recelularizaciis axali meTodebi, by the state, based on which a patent holder rac saSualebas gvaZlevs miviRoT qsovilovani can prohibit any person to use a patented in- matriqsi da, mis safuZvelze, SevqmnaT svadas vention. Granting of monopoly rights to a natu- xva qsovili da organo. is, razec me vilaparake ral person or legal entity is confirmed by a pat- marTlac fantastikis sferodanaa, magram ent which is issued by SAKPATENTI. A patent asea~, _ ganmartavs zurab kakabaZe. misi ambici- may be granted for a maximum of 20 years. uri miznebis ganxorcielebis SemTxvevaSi ki A patent as a form of property right, may be- Sedegebi bevrad fantastikuri iqneba. come an object of sale or licensing.

19 adgilwarmoSobis dasaxeleba APPELLATION OF ORIGIN

saqarTvelo – Rvinis akvani GEORGIA – CRADLE OF WINE ®

sofo kvintraZe SOPHIE KVINTRADZE

saqarTvelo vazis kulturis uZvelesi qveyanaa. Georgia is a country with an ancient vine culture. istoriul, arqeologiur, eTnografiul da li Based on materials from history, archaeology, ethnog- teraturul masalebze dayrdnobiT mtkicdeba, rom raphy and literature, Georgians knew about vine as th Cvens qveyanaSi vazs jer kidev Zv.w. VI aTaswleulSi early as the 6 millennium BC. Archaeological materials found throughout the territory of Georgia, includ- icnobdnen. saqarTvelos mTel teritoriaze, ro- ing its eastern as well as western parts confirm that gorc aRmosavleTSi ise dasavleTSi mraval adgilas wine-making in Georgia is an eight thousand year long aRmoCenili arqeologiuri masalebi utyuari mtki tradition. cebulebaa imisa, rom saqarTveloSi meRvineobis rva The history of wine begins in the Neolithic era, the aTaswlovani tradicia gvaqvs. traces of which have been found exactly in Georgia. Sev- Rvinis istoria neoliTis xanaSi iwyeba da amis eral decades ago Georgian scholars found a few grape nakvalevi, swored, saqarTveloSia aRmoCenili. seeds in settlement sites dating back to the 6th-5th cen- qarTvelma mecnierebma ramdenime aTeuli wlis win turies BC near ruined hill in Lower Kartli, which after qvemo qarTlSi dangreuli goris mezoblad mdebare examination were attributed to Vitis Vinifera, one of the cultural categories of vine. Archaeologists found and Zv.w. VI-V aTaswleulebis namosaxlarebSi yurZnis studied similar materials in a number of other areas. ramdenime wipwa aRmoaCines, romelic, Seswavlis Semdeg, vazis kulturul saxeobas `Vitis Vinifera~-s Rvinis istoria neoliTis xanaSi iwyeba da amis miakuTvnes. msgavsi masalebi arqeologebma kidev nakvalevi, swored, saqarTveloSia aRmoCenili. bevr adgilas aRmoaCines da Seiswavles. The history of wine begins in the Neolithic era, the traces of which have been found exactly in Georgia.

20 aRmoaCine saqarTvelo DISCOVER GEORGIA

saqarTvelos erovnul muzeumSi daculi qvevris tipis WurWlis eqsponati TiTqmis 8000 wlisaa. A vessel similiar to Qvevri exhibited at the National Museum of Georgia is almost 8000 years old.

foto: goga Canadiri Photo: Goga Chanadiri

yurZnis wipwebis garda, neoliTuri xanis na In addition to grape seeds, remains of wheat and marxebSi napovnia, agreTve, kulturuli xorblisa legumes, household tools and pottery have also been da parkosnebis naSTebi, sameurneo iaraRebi da found in burials of the Neolithic period. All this con- Tixis WurWelic. es yvelaferi amtkicebs, rom firms that people who lived there in the th6 millennium Zv.w. VI aTaswleulSi aq mcxovrebi adamiani eweoda BC pursued developed agriculture, including viticulture ganviTarebul sameurneo saqmianobas, maT Soris, and crop growing. mevenaxeobas da memarcvleobas. One of the most important archaeological exhibits is a vessel similar to Qvevri, which has been recognized erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi arqeologiuri as its predecessor. Exhibited at the National Museum of nimuSi aris qvevris tipis WurWeli, romelic qvevris Georgia, it dates back to the 6th-5th millennia BC, i.e. it winapradaa aRiarebuli. saqarTvelos erovnul is almost 8000 years old and has been recognized as muzeumSi daculi eqsponati miekuTvneba Zv.w. VI-V the most ancient wine vessel throughout the world. aTaswleulebs anu daaxloebiT 8000 wlisaa da Written evidence concerning the existence of wine msoflioSi uZveles saRvine WurWladaa miCneuli. culture in Georgia is also preserved in Greek, Persian saqarTveloSi Rvinis kulturis arsebobaze and Georgian sources. As early as in the 5th century BC werilobiTi cnobebi uZveles berZnul, sparsul da Xenophon wrote that wine of the Colchis had a pleas- qarTul wyaroebSicaa daculi. qsenofonte Zv.w. V ant flavor, while according to Strabo (1st c. BC), grapes saukuneSi werda, rom kolxebis Rvino surnelovani were widespread in Iberia, where they had a plentiful da saamo iyo. xolo, strabonis cnobiT (Zv.w. I s.) harvest of vine. iberiaSi yurZeni farTod yofila gavrcelebuli da The fact is highly important that findings of Geor- vazis uxvi mosavalic modioda. gian scholars are shared by foreign experts as well. For instance, in the book Old Wines – Searching for the Zalian mniSvnelovania is faqti, rom qarTveli Origins of Vine Growing, Patrick McGovern, professor mecnierebis daskvnebs ucxoeli eqspertebic izi of the University of Pennsylvania, writes that “archaeo- areben. magaliTad, pensilvaniis universitetis logical evidence and discoveries show that vine was do- profesori patrik makgoverni Tavis wignSi `Zveli mesticized in South Caucasus – between the Black and Rvinoebi _ mevenaxeobis warmoSobis Zieba~ wers: the Caspian Seas. Cultivated vine was later spread to „arqeologiuri nimuSebi da aRmoCenebi gviCvenebs, the north of the Fertile Crescent, the valley of Jordan, rom vazis moSinaurebas adgili hqonda samxreT in Egypt 5000 years ago”. 21 aRmoaCine saqarTvelo DISCOVER GEORGIA

kavkasiaSi _ Sav zRvasa da kaspiis zRvas Soris. gakulturebuli vazi Semdeg gavrcelda nayofieri naxevarmTvaris CrdiloeTiT, iordaniis velze, egvipteSi 5000 wlis win”. msoflioSi cnobili britaneli mwerali da Rvinis mkvlevari hiu jonsoni, jer kidev sabWoTa periodSi, 1987 wels imyofeboda saqarTveloSi da uZvelesi arqeologiuri masalebis Seswavlisas gakvirveba ver damala. wignSi `Rvinis istoria~, romelic msoflio bestseleria, jonsonma detalurad aRwera yvela is arqeologiuri Tu istoriuli masala, romelic saqarTvelos, rogorc uZveles Rvinis kulturis qveyanas, warmoaCens. 1999 wels, misi TaosnobiT londonSi daarsda mudmivmoqmedi gamofena `vinopolisi~, romelic msoflioSi vazisa da Rvinis istorias eZRvneba. `vinopoliss~ Rvinis odiseas uwodeben, misi eqspoziciebi mravalsaukunovani arqeologiuri da istoriuli masalebis safuZvelzea Seqmnili. odisea Rvinis samyaroSi iwyeba saqarTvelos pavilioniT, romlis saxelwodebaa `saqarTvelo _ Rvinis akvani~. aq warmodgenilia uZvelesi xanis wipwebi, Tasebi, Tixis WurWeli, sasmisebi da qvevrebi. TiToeuli qarTvelisTvis saamayoa imis codna, rom Cveni qveyana agrZelebs Rvinis kulturis uZveles tradiciebs. es tradiciebi moicavs rogorc vazis movla-gaSenebas, Rvinis dawurvasa Tu Camosxmas, aseve Rvinis mirTmevas tradiciul qarTul sufraze, sadac Tamada sadRegrZeloebs qandakeba _ Tamada Rvinis yanwiT, Zv.w. VII s. swored RviniT warmoTqvams. rogorc irkveva, The statuete of Tamada (toastmaster) holding a horn for th Tamadoba qarTvelebs uZvelesi droidan uyvarT. wine, 7 century BC amis dasturia is patara brinjaos qandakeba, romelic dasavleT saqarTveloSi ramdenime wlis win aRmoaCines. qandakeba, romelic warmoadgens World-renowned British writer and wine researcher mamakacis figuras Rvinis yanwiT xelSi, TariRdeba Hugh Johnson visited Georgia in the Soviet times in 1987 and was astonished when studying ancient ar- Zv.w. VII saukuniT. chaeological materials. In his book Wine History, a qarTuli Rvinis fesvebis Ziebam SesaZloa Zalian world bestseller, Johnson provided a detailed account of Sors wagviyvanos. ra gasakviria, rom rva aTaswlovani all archaeological and historical materials demonstrat- tradiciis mqone qveyanas, sruliad legitimurad ing Georgia as a country with ancient wine culture. In surs mTel msoflios gaagebinos Tavisi istoria 1999 he founded a permanent exhibition in London, da daagemovnebinos Rvino, romelic saqarTveloSi called Vinopolis dedicated to the history of vine and wine in the world. Vinopolis is referred to as wine od- ibadeba. eqspertebi aRniSnaven, rom bolo yssey. Its expositions have been created on the basis aTwleulSi saqarTveloSi meRvineoba warmatebiT of centuries-old archaeological and historical materials. viTardeba da sruliad axal, Tanamedrove, msoflio The odyssey in the world of wine starts with Georgia’s standartebs miuaxlovda. amaSi wvlili miuZRvis pavilion, entitled “Georgia – Cradle of Wine”. It features rogorc Rvinis mwarmoebel kompaniebs, aseve, ancient grape seeds, goblets, clay vessels and Qvevris. saxelmwfos, romlisTvisac prioritetia qarTuli Every Georgian is proud to know that our country is Rvinis warmoebis ganviTareba da misi ucxoeTSi carrying on with the ancient traditions of wine culture. farTod gatana. These traditions include nursing and cultivating vine, sabWoTa periodSi sakavSiro masStabiT qarTul squeezing out of grapes and bottling wine, as well as serving it at traditional Georgian Supras where Tamada Rvinoze gazrdilma moTxovnam, misi warmoeba da (toastmaster) is toasting with wine. As it turns out, the cnobadoba gazarda. Camoyalibda adgilwarmoSobis Georgians were fond of toast mastering from ancient dasaxelebebis sistema, Camoisxa bevri axali times. This is confirmed by a small bronze statuette, saxeobis Rvino. Tumca, eqspertebis azriT, SesamCnevi found in Georgia several years ago. The statuette, rep- iyo xarisxis gauaresebac. axali qarTuli Rvinis resenting the figure of a man holding a horn for wine, istoria 1997 wlidan iwyeba, rodesac saqarTveloSi dates back to the 7th century BC. 22 aRmoaCine saqarTvelo DISCOVER GEORGIA

2012 wels saqarTvelom, ram IN 2012 GEORGIA, AFTER SEVERAL YEARS denime wliani muSaobis Semdeg, OF WORKING TOWARDS THE GOAL, SIGNED AN evrokavSirTan gaaforma SeTanxmeba AGREEMENT WITH THE EU ABOUT PROTECTION geografiuli aRniSvnebis dacvis OF GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS. WITH THIS AGREEMENT COMING INTO FORCE 18 APPELA- Sesaxeb. SeTanxmebis safuZvelze, 18 TIONS OF GEORGIAN WINE ARE PROTECTED dasaxelebis qarTuli Rvino daculia THROUGHOUT THE EU TERRITORY FROM COUN- evropis mTel teritoriaze. TERFEITING AND FALSIFICATION. 23 aRmoaCine saqarTvelo DISCOVER GEORGIA shutterstock.com foto: Photo: shutterstock.com

pirveli Tanamedrove tipis marnebi gamoCnda. Searching for the roots of Georgian wine may take damoukideblobis mopovebis Semdeg, saqarTve us far away. Not surprisingly, a country with wine tradition of eight thousand years has a legitimate interest losTvis erT-erT prioritetad inteleqtualuri to let the whole world know about its history and have sakuTrebis dacvis erovnuli sistemis Camoyalibeba them taste wine born in Georgia. Experts note that dur- ganisazRvra. mokavSire respublikebs Soris, saqar ing the last decade wine-making has been successfully Tvelo iyo pirveli, sadac 1992 wels erovnuli sa- developing in Georgia, harmonizing with totally new, patento samsaxuri `saqpatenti~ amoqmedda, romelic modern international standards. This became possible Semdgom inteleqtualuri sakuTrebis erovnul cen- owing to both wine producing companies and the state trad gardaiqmna. focusing on the development of Georgian wine produc- bunebrivia, qarTuli Rvinis falsifikaciisgan tion and its large-scale foreign export as one of its pri- dacva saqpatentis saqmianobis erT-erTi mTavari orities. prioritetia rogorc qveynis SigniT, ise mis farglebs Increased demand for Georgian wine during the So- gareT gansakuTrebiT im fonze, rodesac qarTuli viet times throughout the Union had a positive impact Rvinis eqsporti msoflios sxvadasxva qveyanaSi on production of and awareness about Georgian wine. The system of appellations of origin was formed, many yovelwliurad izrdeba. am kuTxiT, mniSvnelovani new types of wines were made. However, experts be- movlena 2012 wels moxda, rodesac saqarTvelom, lieve that deterioration of quality was also evident. His- ramdenime wliani muSaobis Semdeg, evrokavSirTan tory of new Georgian wine started in 1997 after first gaaforma SeTanxmeba geografiuli aRniSvnebis contemporary wine cellars appeared in Georgia. dacvis Sesaxeb. evropis samezoblo politikis After gaining its independence, Georgia identified as qveynebs (alJiri, azerbaijani, siria, belorusi, one of the priorities establishing a national system of egvipte, israeli, iordania, libani, libia, maroko, protection of intellectual property. Georgia was the first moldova, somxeTi, ukraina) Soris saqarTvelo among post-Soviet republics where a national patent pirvelia, romelmac msgavs dokuments moawera xeli, service Sakpatenti was established in 1992, later trans- riTac gadadga kidev erTi nabiji evrokavSirTan formed into the National Intellectual Property Center. 24 aRmoaCine saqarTvelo DISCOVER GEORGIA shutterstock.com foto: Photo: shutterstock.com daaxloebis gzaze, radgan evrokavSiris erT-erTi Naturally, protection of Georgian wine against winapiroba, „Rrma da yovlismomcveli Tavisufali counterfeiting is one of the priorities of the activity of vaWrobis SeTanxmebis“ gaformebisTvis, swored, in Sakpatenti both in the country and abroad, particularly teleqtualuri sakuTrebis sferoSi saqarTvelos when export of Georgian wine into various countries of the world increases annually. A significant event kanonmdeblobis evrokavSiris kanonmdeblobasTan took place in 2012 when Georgia, after several years harmonizaciaa. of working towards the goal, signed an agreement with `am SeTanxmebis ZalaSi Sesvla uaRresad the EU about protection of geographical indications. mniSvnelovania, radgan igi gvaZlevs saSualebas Of the countries of the European Neighborhood Policy qarTuli adgilwarmoSobis dasaxelebebi da (Algeria, Azerbaijan, Syria, Belarus, Egypt, Israel, Jor- geografiuli aRniSvnebi daculi iyos evropis dan, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Moldova, Armenia and teritoriaze. pirvel etapze nusxaSi Sesulia Ukraine), Georgia became the first country to sign such an agreement, thereby taking one more step on its way 18 dasaxelebis adgilwarmoSobis Rvino. Semdeg towards European integration, considering that one of etapze mimdinareobs molaparakebebi nusxaSi the preconditions of the EU for the Deep and Compre- qarTuli warmoSobis rZis produqtebis, yvelis hensive Free Trade Agreement is exactly harmonization da mineraluri wylebis Setanaze. Cveni mxriv, of IP legislation with the EU standards. aviReT valdebuleba, rom evrokavSiris qevynebis “Coming into force of this agreement is of vital im- dasaxelebebs davicavT saqarTveloSi,~ _ acxadebs portance, as it allows us to protect Georgian appella- saqpatentis xelmZRvaneli irakli RvalaZe. tions of origin and geographical indications throughout SeTanxmebis safuZvelze, is 18 dasaxelebis Rvi- Europe. To start with, we have included 18 appellations no („xvanWkara“, „qinZmarauli“, „winandali“, „gur- of origins of wine. We are now in negotiations for including dairy products, cheese and mineral waters of jaani“, „manavi“, „kaxeTi“, „kardenaxi“, „mukuzani“, Georgian origin on the list. In our turn, we have com- „Teliani“, „ateni“, „nafareuli“, „sviri“, „tviSi“, mitted ourselves to protecting European appellations „axaSeni“, „kotexi“, „yvareli“, „vazisubani“ da in Georgia”, – says Chairman of Sakpatenti Irakli Gh- „tibaani“), romelic nusxaSia Sesuli, daculia ev- valadze. 25 aRmoaCine saqarTvelo DISCOVER GEORGIA

rokavSiris teritoriaze gayalbebisa da falsifi- kaciisagan. magaliTad, evrokavSiris romelime qveynis sazRvarze Tu dafiqsirdeba iseTi `xvanWkaras~ gadatanis faqti, romelic ar aris saqarTveloSi damzadebuli, es dauyovnebliv gaxdeba reagirebis safuZveli. aseve, monitoringi xorcieldeba savaW- ro obieqtebSic. rogorc irakli RvalaZe acxadebs, am saqmeSi saqarTvelos saelCoebic aqtiurad arian CarTuli da nebismieri saeWvo faqtis aRmoCenis Sem- TxvevaSi saqpatents ukavSirdebian. swored aRniSnuli xelSekrulebis gaformebis Semdeg litvaSi, vilniusis erT-erT supermarketSi dafiqsirda espaneTSi Camosxmuli `xvanWkarasa~ da `qinZmaraulis~ realizebis faqtebi. problebis mogvarebas xelSekrulebiT gaTvaliswinebuli samarTlebrivi meqanizmebi amartivebs maSin, rodesac amgvari dokumentis ararsebobis SemTxvevaSi, ucxoeTSi falsifikaciasTan brZola gacilebiT rTuli iyo saqarTvelosTvis. saqpatents calkeul SemTxvevebze sasamarTlo davebis warmoeba uwevs, rac droSi gawelili procesia da finansur xarjebTanac aris dakavSirebuli. irakli RvalaZis informaciiT, georgafiuli aRniSvnebis dacvis Sesaxeb ormxrivi xelSekrulebebi saqarTvelos gaformebuli aqvs kidev ramdenime qveyanasTan. axlaxan gaformda xelSekrulebebi yazaxeTTan da belorusTan. es qveynebi qarTuli Rvinis eqsportiorTa nusxaSi liderebi arian. amJamad mimdinareobs molaparakebebi CineTTan, romelic qarTuli RvinisTvis mzard bazars warmoadgens. aseve, dawyebulia molaparakebebis procesi ruseTTanac, vinaidan qarTuli Rvinis Based on the agreement, 18 appellations of Geor- rusul bazarze dabrunebis Semdeg, dRis wesrigSi gian wine (Khvanchkara, Kindzmarauli, Tsinandali, Gur- dadga ruseTSi misi falsifikaciisgan dacvis jaani, Manavi, Kakheti, Kardenakhi, Mukuzani, Teliani, sakiTxic. Ateni, Napareuli, Sviri, Tvishi, Akhasheni, Kotekhi, Kva- reli, Vazisubani and Tibaani) included in the list are pro- saqarTvelo samarTlianad amayobs im RvinoebiT, tected throughout the EU territory from counterfeiting romelic evrokavSiris nusxaSia Sesuli da and falsification. E.g. if at any border of the EU mem- imedovnebs, rom qarTuli adgilwarmoSobis ber state the fact of transportation of Khvanchkara not dasaxelebebis sia gaizrdeba, radgan Cvens qveyanaSi produced in Georgia is revealed, immediate further ac- kidev uamravi saxeobis soflis meurneobis tions will be taken. Moreover, stores and shops will also produqcia iwarmoeba, romelic ucxoeTSi be monitored. According to Irakli Ghvaladze, Georgian embassies abroad are actively involved in the process eqsportze gadis da falsifikaciisgan dacvasac and keep in touch with Sakpatenti in case of any suspi- moiTxovs. axla ki arsebuli siis pirvel sameulze cious facts. SevCerdebiT da SevecdebiT ufro axlos gagacnoT After signing this agreement, facts of selling Kh- Rvinoebi `xvanWkara~, `qinZmarauli~ da `winandali~, vanchkara and Kindzmarauli bottled in Spain were re- romlebic saukeTesoa xarisxiT da gamoirCeva gemuri vealed in one of the supermarkets in Vilnius, Lithuania. TvisebebiT. Legal remedies envisaged by the agreement make it Rvino `xvanWkara~ mxolod raWaSi, ambrolauris easier to tackle the problem while in absence of such raionis patara sofel xvanWkarasa da mimdebare a document it was very difficult for Georgia to combat soflebSi, ZiriTadad mdinare rionis marjvena counterfeiting abroad. Sakpatenti has to litigate in individual cases, which is a time-consuming and costly sanapiroze mdebare venaxebSi moweuli yurZnisgan process. mzaddeba. am Rvinos ori jiSis yurZnisgan, aleqsandroulisa da mujureTulisgan wuraven. According to Irakli Ghvaladze, Georgia has bilateral agreements for protection of geographical indications Zveli raWuli teqnologiiT yurZens gvian, with several other countries. Most recent agreements TiTqmis SemWknars krefdnen da tkbils bolomde include those with Kazakhstan and Belarus. These

26 aRmoaCine saqarTvelo DISCOVER GEORGIA

xvanWkara _ adgilwarmoSobis dasaxelebis, kontrolirebadi, umaRlesi xarisxis wiTeli bunebrivad naxevradtkbili Rvinoa. xasiaTdeba muqi lalisferi SeferviT, gemoze harmoniuli, xaverdovani, daxvewili, sasiamovno sitkboTi, xilis tonebiTa da jiSuri aromatiT.

KHVANCHKARA – Controlled premium-quality, red naturally semi-sweet wine of appellation of origin, characterized with dark ruby colour; it has harmonious, velvet, elaborate taste with pleasant sweetness, fruit tones and species-specific aroma. shutterstock.com foto : Photo: shutterstock.com aduRebdnen. Rvino bunebrivad naxevradtkbili countries are leading exporters of Georgian wine. gamodioda da daZvelebis did potencials Negotiations are underway with China, which represents inarCunebda. maRali Saqrianobis (35%) gamo, a growing market for wine. Negotiations have also been launched with Russia, as after the return of Georgian specifikuri, mxolod misTvis damaxasiaTebeli wine to the Russian market, its protection from sitkbo hqonda. counterfeiting is a pressing issue. am meTodiT damzadebulma xvanWkaram pirveli Georgia is rightfully proud of its wines included on saerTaSoriso aRiareba 1907 wels belgiis qalaq the list of EU and remains hopeful that the list of Geor- ostendSi gamarTul gamofenaze moipova. qarTveli gian appellations of origin will be broadened, as many Tavadebis _ dimitri da luarsab yifianebis various types of agricultural products are produced in Georgia, which are exported abroad and are in need of mamulebSi moyvanil naxevradtkbil Rvinos didi protection against counterfeiting. This time, we would warmateba da granpri xvda wilad. maSin xvanWkaras like to focus on the top three products on the list to `xvanWkara~ jer kidev ar erqva da mas `yifianis help you learn more about wines Khvanchkara, Kindz- Rvinos~ uwodebdnen. marauli and Tsinandali that have the best quality and distinct flavor. sabWoTa kavSirSi `xvanWkara~ erT-erT yvelaze Wine Khvanchkara is produced from grapes that popularul qarTul Rvinod iTvleboda da grow exclusively in a small village of Kvanchkara and masze didi moTxovna iyo. gadmocemis Tanaxmad, neighboring villages in Racha, Ambrolauri district, `xvanWkara~ gansakuTrebulad uyvarda stalinsac, mostly on the right bank of the river Rioni. It is made ialtis konferenciaze sabWoTa beladi swored am from two types of grapes – Aleksandrouli and Mujure- RviniT gaumaspinZlda amerikis prezidents Teodor tuli. ruzvelts. am ukanasknels ki imdenad moswonebia By the ancient Rachan method of wine making raWuli yurZnisgan damzadebuli Rvino, rom grapes were harvested late, when they were almost StatebSi misi moyvanac ki ganuzraxavs. withered and fully fermented. The wine was naturally semi-sweet with a great potential for aging. Due to mniSvnelovania, rom dReisaTvis `xvanWkara~ high content of sugar (35%) it had a special sweetness, adgilwarmoSobis dasaxelebaa, am Rvinis damzadeba characteristic to it. 27 aRmoaCine saqarTvelo DISCOVER GEORGIA

qinZmarauli _ adgilwarmoSobis dasaxelebis wiTeli, bunebrivad naxevradtkbili Rvino. mzaddeba saferavis jiSis yurZnisagan. mevenaxeobis zona: aRmosavleTi saqarTvelo, Sida kaxeTi, yvarlis administraciuli raioni.

KINDZMARAULI – controlled premium-quality, red natural semi-sweet wine of appellation of origin. The micro-zone is

shutterstock.com located in the eastern Georgia, in Inner Kakheti, in the administrative region of Kvareli. foto: Photo: shutterstock.com

mxolod konkretul mikrozonaSi gaSenebul Khvanchkara produced by this method gained first venaxebSi dakrefili yurZnisgan SeiZleba. dauS international recognition in 1907 at an exhibition in the vebelia mikrozonebis xelovnurad gafarToeba, city of Ostend, Belgium. Semi-sweet wine produced in radgan es Rvinis xarisxze aisaxeba. rogorc Rvinis the estates of Georgian noble men Dimitri and Luars- ab Qipianis, enjoyed great success and was awarded eqspertebi aRniSnaven, `xvanWkaras~ damzadebis a grand prize. Kvanchkara was called “the wine of the teqnologia didad ar Secvlila, is mxolod Qipianis” back then. daixvewa da Rvinis samacivre danadgarebSi Senaxvis In the Soviet Union Khvanchkara was one of the praqtika damkvidrda. cvlileba Seexo mxolod most popular Georgian wines and greatly in demand. yurZnis damwifebis drois Semcirebas. They say that Stalin particularly favored it. While host- enologi da Rvinis mkvlevari giorgi samaniSvili ing the US President Theodore Roosevelt during the Yal- amas ase xsnis: `xvanWkaraze~ meti moTxovnaa, vidre ta Conference, the Soviet leader toasted the guest with iwarmoeba _ Tu gadaamwifeb, raodenobaSi waageb. Khvanchkara. The American President liked the wine meti moTxovna da naklebi miwodeba xvanWkaras produced from grapes harvested in Racha so much that he even decided to grow them in the US. warmoebis mikrozonis simciridan gamomdinareobs. produqtis SezRudul raodenobas ki aqvs Tavisi Noteworthy, at present Khvanchkara is an appellation of origin. This wine can only be produced from pliusi _ prestiJulobas da fass zrdis.~ grapes harvested in vineyards within a specific micro- giorgi samaniSvili ambobs, rom im qveynebSi, sadac zone. Artificial broadening of micro-zones is prohibited qarTul Rvinos icnoben `xvanWkara~ `qinZmaraulTan~ as it will have an adverse impact on the quality of wine. erTad ukve saukuneze metia yvelaze popularul Wine experts note that the method of production of Kh- da warmatebul dasaxelebad rCeba. `xvanWkara~ vanchkara has not much changed,it was only improved da `qinZmarauli~ nebismieri Rvinis kompaniisTvis considering that the practice of storing wine in refriger- erTgvari savizito baraTia, amitom yvela kompania ating facilities was introduced. The only change was the shortened time for ripening of grapes. cdilobs, rom hqondes kargi `qinZmarauli~ da `xvanWraka~, raTa bazarze saxeli ar Seircxvinos~, _ Oenologist and wine researcher Giorgi Samanishvili explains this in the following way: “the demand for Kh- ambobs giorgi samaniSvili. vanchkara exceeds production – if you allow it to over- Rvinis asociaciis monacemebiT, saqarTvelodan ripe, you will lose in terms of the amount produced. The registrirebul 70 eqsportior kompanias qveynis fact that the demand is higher than supply is due to the 28 aRmoaCine saqarTvelo DISCOVER GEORGIA farglebs gareT weliwadSi 12 milioni litri small size of Khvanchkara’s micro-zone, while limited Rvino gaaqvs, romelTa Soris naxevarze meti wiTel amount of the product has certain pros – it boosts its tkbil da naxevradtkbil Rvinoebs uWiravs. amJamad, prestige and price”. `xvanWkaras~ saeqsporto miwodebis moculoba According to Giorgi Samanishvili, in countries that daaxloebiT 650 aTas boTls Seadgens. are familiar with Georgian wine, Khvanchkara, along with Kindzmarauli, remains the most popular and suc- Rvino `qinZmarauli~ mxolod saferavis jiSis cessful appellation for more than a century now. “Both yurZnisgan mzaddeba da yurZenic mxolod konkre- Khvanchkara and Kindzmarauli are a certain visiting tul mikrozonaSi unda iyos moyvanili. es zona card for any wine producing company. Therefore, all dReisaTvis kaxeTSi, yvarlis raionSi mdinare alaz- companies try to have good Kindzmarauli and Kh- nis marcxena sanapiroze mdebareobs da 600 heqtarze vanchkara, in order not to disgrace their name on the met farTobs moicavs. market”, – says Giorgi Samanishvili. According to the evidence of the Wine Association, „qinZmaraulis“ istoria sabWoTa periodidan 70 exporting companies registered in Georgia export iwyeba. misi gamoSveba 1942 wlidan daiwyes. 12 million liters of wine annually to foreign markets, qinZmarauli kaxeTSi, mdinare durujis marcxena half of which are red sweet and semi-sweet wines. Kh- sanapiroze mdebare patara adgils hqvia. kaxelebs vanchkara’s current export volume is approximately aq Zveli droidan venaxebi hqondaT gaSenebuli da 650 thousand bottles. iTvleboda, rom am miwaze moyvanili saferavisgan Wine Kindzmarauli is produced exclusively from gansakuTrebuli gemos Rvino mzaddeboda. Rvinis Saperavi grapes grown in a specific micro-zone, located gansakuTrebuloba ki am konkretuli adgiliT, on the left bank of the Alazani River in Qvareli District, niadagiTa da haviTaa ganpirobebuli. rogorc Kakheti, covering more than 600 hectares. irkveva, mdinare duruji, romelic alazans The history of Kindzmarauli dates back to the Soviet uerTdeba, saukuneebis manZilze kalapots icvlida times. Its production started in 1942. Kindzmarauli is da nel-nela marjvniv gadainacvlebda. am bunebrivi the name of a small area situated on the left bank of the River Duruji in Kakheti. Kakhetians had vineyards procesis Sedegad ki mdinaris xeobaSi mTaSi naSali in this area from ancient times and it was believed that qanebi _ Savfiqalebi ileqeboda. maTi meSveobiT wine produced from Saperavi harvested there had a qinZmaraulSi e.w. xirxatiani niadagi Camoyalibda, special flavor. The special quality of the wine is due to amas emateba subtropikuli hava da vazisTvis metad the particular location, soil and climate. As it turns out,

29 aRmoaCine saqarTvelo DISCOVER GEORGIA

xelsayreli siTburi reJimi. „qinZmaraulis niadagi over the centuries, the river bed of Duruji that joins Tavisi SemadgenlobiT gansxvavdeba mezobeli Alazani was gradually moving to the right. As a result of mikrozonebis niadagebisgan. am adgilas yurZeni this natural process, black shells that had dissolved in gansakuTrebulad kargad mwifdeba da met Saqars the mountains were deposited in the ravine. Owing to this, the so-called skeletal soil was formed in Kindzma- agrovebs, rac SesaZlebels xdis misgan bunebrivad rauli, which was coupled with subtropical climate and naxevradtkbili Rvino damzaddes“, _ ganmartavs favorable thermal conditions for vine. “With its com- enologi giorgi samaniSvili. position, soil of Kindzmarauli is different from soils of „qinZmarauli“ maRal alkoholiani Rvinoa, igi neighboring micro-zones. Grapes ripen especially eas- muqi broweulisferi Seferilobisaa, aqvs mdidari ily and accumulate more sugar, making it possible to da sasiamovno aromati, igZnoba xilis tonebi _ produce naturally semi-sweet wine”, – explains Giorgi alublis, kenkris. is aris Zlieri, magram daxvewili Samanishvili. gemos Rvino, motkbo da taniniani. xarisxian Kindzmarauli is a wine with high content of alcohol, „qinZmaraulSi“ dabalansebuli unda iyos maRali dark pomegranate in color, rich and pleasant flavor with hints of fruit – cherry and berries. It is a strong wine but alkoholi, tanini, mJavianoba da sitkbo. aseTi gemo with a sophisticated flavor, sweetish and tannic. Quality gansakuTrebiT moswonT postsabWoTa qveynebSi, Kindzmarauli offers a balance of high alcohol, tannin, sadac yvelaze maRalia qarTuli Rvinis eqsporti. acidity and sweetness. Such a wine is particularly fa- eqspertebis azriT, „qinZmarauls“ didi potenciali vored in Post-Soviet countries with highest exports of aqvs aziis qveynebSi, magaliTad CineTSi, sadac Georgian wines. Experts believe that Kindzmarauli has kontrastuli gemoebi moswonT. a great potential for success in Asia, including China Rvino `winandali~ ukve klasikad qceuli where contrasting flavors are favored. qarTuli TeTri mSrali Rvinoa. is mzaddeba yurZnis Wine Tsinandali is a classic Georgian dry white wine ori jiSis _ rqawiTelisa da kaxuri mwvanes SerwymiT. produced from two types of grapes – Rkatsiteli and Kakhetian Mtsvane. According to winemakers, body rogorc meRvineebi amboben, rqawiTelis sxeulsa and high sugar content of Rkatsiteli is in harmony with da maRal Saqrianobas harmoniulad erwymis kaxuri buoyancy and aroma of Kakhetian Mtsvane. Therefore, mwvanes sixalise da aromati. amitomac, Rvino Tsinandali is the best drink distinguished by its rich aro-

winandali _ adgilwarmoSobis dasaxelebis, TeTri, TSINANDALI – controlled high-quality dry white wine of ap- mSrali Rvino. mevenaxeobis specifikuri zonaa pellation of origin. The micro-zone of wine Tsinandali is located Telavis administraciuli raioni, md. alaznis on the right bank of the river Alazani, in the administrative marjvena sanapiro. region of Telavi.

30 aRmoaCine saqarTvelo DISCOVER GEORGIA

`winandali~ saukeTeso dasalevia, gamoirCeva ma, including flavors of peach, apricot and quince. Tra- mdidari aromatiT, maT Soris, atmis, gargrisa da ditionally, grape juice is aged in oak barrels for several komSis surneliT. tradiciulad, dawuruli yurZnis months. Eventually, Tsinandali turns golden. wvens ramdenime TviT muxis kasrebSi aZveleben da Tsinandali is a wine of appellation of origin. Its mi- sabolood `winandali~ oqrosferi Seferilobis cro-zone is situated on the right bank of the River Ala- gamodis. zani, Telavi District in Kakheti and covers several villages. Vineyards are located 300-750 meters above sea `winandali~ adgilwarmoSobis dasaxelebis level, climate is moderately humid with hot summers Rvinoa. misi mikrozona kaxeTSi, Telavis raionSi and moderately cold winters. mdinare alaznis marjvena sanapiroze mdebareobs da A beautiful area in Kakheti, Tsinandali is linked ramdenime sofels moicavs. venaxebi zRvis donidan with the name of the Chavchavadzes. Poet Aleksan- 300-750 metris simaRlezea ganlagebuli. aq klimati dre Chavchavadze was interested in wine making. He zomierad notioa cxeli zafxuliTa da zomierad greatly contributed to the development of wines of ap- civi zamTriT. pellations of origin in Kakheti. In 1835 he secured a loan of million Rubles for the period of 20 years for kaxeTis ulamazesi adgili _ winandali Wav the revival of wine-making in Kakheti. He built an un- WavaZeebis gvars ukavSirdeba. Rvinis damzadebiT derground wine-cellar, vodka distillery, installed new gatacebuli iyo poeti aleqsandre WavWavaZe, Qvevris and opened a workshop of barrels. The poet romelsac didi wvlili miuZRvis kaxuri that had a passion for wine had an amazing collection adgilwarmoSobis Rvinoebis ganviTarebaSi. 1835 of 17 000 bottles some of which have survived to date, wels man 20-wliani vadiT milioni rublis sesxi including ancient French wines and Saperavi of Tsinan- aiRo da am mxareSi mevenaxeobis aRorZinebas dali. mihyo xeli. aleqsandre WavWavaZem aago miwisqveSa As to the wine Tsinandali, it has been produced marani, aryis saxdelebi, Cayara axali qvevrebi, since 1886. Throughout this time its style has changed gaxsna kasrebis saxelosno. cnobilia, rom Tavad a number of times. Tsinandali was very popular in the Rvinis didad moyvaruli poeti saocar koleqcias Soviet Union. At the time when wines were renamed and numbered, it was given number one. flobda. 17 aTasamde boTlidan ramdenime dRemdea SemorCenili, maT Sorisaa uZvelesi franguli Today Tsinandali remains to be number one white Rvinoebi da winandlis saferavebi. wine in Georgia and is exported abroad. Majority of

31 aRmoaCine saqarTvelo DISCOVER GEORGIA

rac Seexeba uSualod Rvinos `winandali~, mas 1886 wlidan Georgian wine producing companies have awarmoeben. im droidan moyolebuli dRemde Rvinom bevrjer their own vineyards in Tsinandali micro- Seicvala stili. sabWoTa periodSi `winandali~ sakavSiro zone or purchase grapes harvested there masStabiT didi popularobiT sargeblobda. rodesac Rvinoebs to produce its own Tsinandali. saxelebi gadaarqves da nomrebi Camouriges, `winandals~ nomeri In addition to registration of appella- pirveli mianiWes. tions of origins, Sakpatenti also decided to register trademarks or brands in EU. dRes, nomer pirveli qarTuli TeTri Rvino kvlav dasaxelebiT Georgia – Cradle of Wine® or Qvevri– `winandali~ gamodis da iyideba ucxoeTSi. qarTuli Rvinis these are the two names that have been mwarmoebeli kompaniebis umravlesobas aqvs sakuTari venaxebi internationally recognized as brands and winandlis mikrozonaSi an yidulobs iq moweul yurZens da sakuTar are owned by the state of Georgia. Chair- `winandals~ awarmoebs. man of Sakpatenti Irakli Ghvaladze ex- adgilwarmoSobis dasaxelebebis registraciis garda, plains that this is a marketing tool that saqpatentma evrokavSirSi sasaqonlo niSnebis, anu brendis Georgian wine producing companies are daregistrirebac gadawyvita. `saqarTvelo _ Rvinis akvani~ da now able to use. `qvevri~ _ es ori saxelwodeba ukve saerTaSorisod aRiarebuli “Many foreign countries, e.g. Austra- brendebi da saqarTvelos saxelmwifos sakuTrebaa. rogorc lia, Chile and Argentina, are selling their saqpatentis xelmZRvaneli irakli RvalaZe ganmartavs, es wine abroad under one brand. They have marketinguli nabijia, romlis gamoyenebac ukve SeuZliaT qarTuli slogans that unify their wines. We decided that this would be useful to us as Rvinis mwarmoebel kompaniebs. well. Imagine a foreigner, who is inter- `bevri qveyana, magaliTad, avstralia, Cile da argentina, ested in buying wine, sees an inscription Rvinos ucxoeTSi erTi brendis qveS yidis. maT aqvT sloganebi, on a bottle of wine that he meets for the romlis qveSac gaerTianebulia maTi Rvinoebi. gadavwyviteT, rom first time, Georgia – Cradle of Wine®, it aseTi ram CvenTvisac kargi iqneboda. warmoidgineT ucxoeli, will certainly draw his interest and he will romelic Rvinis SeZeniT aris dainteresebuli da misTvis ucxo decide to taste the wine. As to Qvevri, saxeobis Rvinoze aseT warweras naxavs `saqarTvelo _ Rvinis as you may know, making of wine by us- akvani~, is aucileblad dainteresdeba da am Rvinos gasinjavs. ing the Qvevri method is several millen- xolo rac Seexeba `qvevrs~, mogexsenebaT, rom qvevrSi Rvinis nia old in Georgia. The new brand Qvevri now belongs to the State of Georgia and dayenebis teqnologia aTaswleulebs iTvlis saqarTveloSi da es we are ready to provide the right to use unikaluri meTodia, romelic dRemde gamoiyeneba Cvens qveyanaSi. it free of charge to any interested compa- axla ukve brendi `qvevri~ ekuTvnis saqarTvelos saxelmwifos da nies”, – explains Irakli Ghvaladze. Cven mzad varT sruliad usasyidlod gadavceT misi gamoyenebis According to Sakpatenti Chairman, ufleba dainteresebul kompaniebs~, _ ganmartavs irakli RvalaZe. several companies have already ex- saqpatentis xelmZRvanelis informaciiT, ukve gaCnda pressed interest. So wines named Geor- daintereseba ramdenime kompaniis mxridan. ase, rom SesaZloa gia – Cradle of Wine® or Qvevri may male saqarTveloSi da mis farglebs gareTac savaWro obieqtebSi soon appear for sale in Georgia and on ipovoT Rvino saxelwodebiT `saqarTvelo _ Rvinis akvani~ an markets abroad. You may confidently `qvevri~. Tqven Tamamad SegiZliaT SeiZinoT da daagemovnoT es buy it and try it knowing that it is 100% Rvino da darwmunebuli iyoT, rom is 100 %-iT qarTulia. Georgian.

adgilwarmoSobis dasaxeleba adgilwarmoSobis dasaxeleba aris geografiuli adgilis, raionis, regionis, gamonaklis SemT xvevaSi, qveynis Tanamedrove an istoriuli saxeli gamoyenebuli im saqonlis mosaniSnad: a) romelic warmoSobilia am geografiuli adgilidan; b) romlis gansakuTrebuli xarisxi da Tvisebebi mTlianad an ZiriTadad ganpirobebulia mxo lod am geografiuli adgilis bunebrivi garemoTi da adamianis faqtoriT; g) romlis warmoeba, nedleulis damzadeba da damuSaveba xdeba am geografiuli adgilis sazRvrebSi. APPELLATION OF ORIGIN An appellation of origin is a modern or historical name of a geographical place, region or, in exceptional cases, a name of a country, used to designate the goods: a) originating within the given geographical area; b) the specific quality and features of which are essentially or exclusively due to a particular geographical environment and human factors; c) production, processing and preparation of which takes place within the geographical area.

32 shutterstock.com 33 foto: Photo: shutterstock.com interviu INTERVIEW

qeTi melua – britanelebis sayvareli qarTveli momRerali KATIE MELUA – BRITAIN’S FAVORITE GEORGIAN SINGER

sofo kvintraZe SOPHIE KVINTRADZE

11 milionze meti gayiduli albomi, cocxali Over 11 million sold albums, live performance in the Sesruleba milionian sakoncerto arenebze, largest concert venues, constant leadership in music musikaluri Cartebis mudmivi lideroba da 56 charts and 56 Platinum Awards – this is Katie Melua, one `Platinum Awards~ _ es qeTi meluaa, didi britaneTis of the most successful and popular musicians of Great erT-erTi yvelaze warmatebuli da popularuli Britain. musikosi. Georgia-born Ketevan was eight years old, when her family moved to UK, particularly in the Irish city of Bel- saqarTveloSi dabadebuli qeTevani 8 wlis fast. In Belfast, Katie’s father worked as a cardiologist. iyo, rodesac ojaxTan erTad sacxovreblad did Katie loved singing from her early childhood; she fre- britaneTSi, kerZod, irlandiis qalaq belfastSi quently arranged family concerts and she still recollects gadavida. belfastSi qeTis mama kardiologad about it with pleasure. However, her career of a musician muSaobda. qeTis simRera bavSvobidan uyvarda, was largely determined by her participation in the show xSirad awyobda saojaxo koncertebsac, rasac of one of the British TV channels. Katie performed a fa- axla siamovnebiT ixsenebs. Tumca, misi, rogorc mous song “Without You” by “Badfinger” and won the musikosis kariera mniSvnelovnad gansazRvra contest. Katie was 15 years old then. After finishing the erT-erT britanul satelevizio arxze gamarTul school, she continued her studies at the London School SouSi monawileobam. konkursze qeTim `Badfinger~- for Performing Arts, where she started to compose her first songs and where she later met her future manager is cnobili simRera `Without You~ Seasrula da and producer, musician Mike Batt. gamarjveba moipova. maSin qeTi 15 wlis iyo. skolis From September 2002 Katie Melua started a new life. damTavrebis Semdeg, swavla londonis xelovanTa She signed a contract with Mike Batt’s production com- saswavlebelSi ganagrZo, sadac ukve simRerebis pany; since then Melua’s name became associated with werac daiwyo, aqve Sexvda qeTi melua Tavis momaval label “Dramatico”. menejersa da prodiusers, musikos maik bets. Today they often say in “Dramatico” that they could 2002 wlis seqtembridan qeTi meluas axali have hardly imagined by then how successful Katie Me- cxovreba iwyeba, man kontraqti gaaforma maik betis lua’s third album “Pictures” would have been. As a result, saprodiusero kompaniasTan, amieridan meluas Melua became the best-selling UK-based female artist in saxeli leibl „Dramatico~-s daukavSirda. the world. Record sales were followed by concert tours throughout the world. Katie performed at the concert dRes `Dramatico~-Si amboben, rom maSin veravin dedicated to Nelson Mandela with a legendary rock band warmoidgenda ramxela warmateba mohyveboda “Queen” also performing at the same concert. A suc- qeTi meluas rigiT mesame alboms „Pictures~. am cessful Georgian girl turned into Britain’s favorite singer; albomis gayidvebiT qeTi melua wlis yvelaze the royal family also listened to her music and Queen gayidvadi britaneli qali musikosi gaxda Elisabeth invited Katie Melua to a dinner at Buckingham msoflioSi. rekordul gayidvebs msoflio Palace. 34 interviu INTERVIEW sakoncerto turneebic mohyva, qeTim nelson Katie’s songs were gaining popularity from day to day. mandelasadmi miZRvnil koncertzec imRera, sadac Each of her new melodies was becoming a hit in Britain. aseve gamodioda legendaruli jgufi „Queen”. The same happened with a song “The Closest Thing to warmatebuli qarTveli gogona britanelebis Crazy”. When it was first aired on radio, the calls from sayvarel momRerlad iqca, misi musika samefo excited listeners were not stopping. Some were crying, ojaxSic moismines da dedofalma elizabetma qeTi others were stopping their cars and listening to the song as well as demanding to purchase the song immediately. melua bukingemis sasaxleSi sadilze dapatiJa. The album with this song became the leader of British qeTis simRerebi sul ufro meti popularobiT charts and maintained its leadership during six weeks. sargeblobda da yoveli misi axali melodia Mike Batt also wrote songs for Katie Melua. The his- britaneTSi hitad iqceoda. ase moxda simReris tory of composing one more hit “Nine Million Bicycles” is „The Closest Thing to Crazy~-s SemTxvevaSic. rodesac connected with China, when Katie and Mike Batt visited is pirvelad radioSi gauSves, aRfrTovanebuli the country together. While traveling in Beijing, the guide mayureblebis zarebi ar wydeboda, viRaceebi showed them around the city and said that there were tirodnen, viRaceebi manqanebs aCerebdnen da ise supposedly nine million bicycles in the city. An idea struck usmendnen, sxvebi ki dauyovnebliv iTxovdnen Mike immediately and two months later a new song was simReris SeZenas. albomi, romelSic es simRera ready. Melua recollects that it was the strangest melody Sevida, britanuli Cartebis lideri gaxda da 6 she has ever heard. Just therefore she decided to per- kviris ganmavlobaSi pirveloba aravis dauTmo. form it. In parallel with albums, Katie Melua was also planning qeTisTvis simRerebs Tavad maik betic werda. concert tours. Soon she appeared before the audience kidev erTi hitis „Nine Million Bicycles~-is Seqmnis with her acoustic guitar and solo performance that fur- istoria CineTs ukavSirdeba, sadac qeTi da maiki ther increased the number of her fans. In a live review erTad iyvnen. pekinSi mogzaurobisas gidma maT of one of such concerts The Times wrote “her voice was uTxra, rom am qalaqSi 9 milioni velosipedi iyo. rarely short of astounding”.

11 milionze meti gayiduli albomi, cocxali Sesruleba milionian sakoncerto arenebze da 56 `Platinum Awards~. Over 11 million sold albums, live performance in the largest concert venues, constant leadership in music charts and 56 Platinum Awards.

35 interviu INTERVIEW

Ketevan maiks maSinve gauCnda simReris idea da ori Tvis qeTi meluas meeqvse albomi, „ “ did britaneTSi mis 29-e dabadebis dReze gamovida. Semdeg qeTis axali simRera moasmenina. melua Melua’s sixth album “Ketevan” was released in UK on ixsenebs, rom es yvelaze ucnauri melodia iyo, September 16, on the 29th birthday of Katie Melua. romelic ki odesme moesmina, swored amitom mounda misi Sesruleba. In 2011 Katie toured Europe, while in 2012 she re- albomebis paralelurad qeTi melua sakoncer- leased another new album. Melua’s sixth album was released by “Dramatico” in UK on September 16, the 29th to turneebsac gegmavda. male is Tavisi akustikuri birthday of Katie. Later, the album will be spread in other gitariT da solo SesrulebiT warsdga msmenelis European countries. Melua’s songs and albums are also winaSe, ramac kidev ufro gazarda misi gulSemat- sold via Amazon and iTunes. kivrebis ricxvi. erT-erTi aseTi koncertis Se- Below in the exclusive interview with IP Georgia you fasebisas britanuli „Times~-i werda, rom „misi xma can read why Katie Melua decided to give her new al- momajadoveblad JRerda“. bum her own name, Ketevan.

36 interviu INTERVIEW 2011 wels man evropul turneSi imogzaura, 2012 wels ki kidev erTi axali albomi SesTavaza msmenels. 22What inspires you in your songwriting? `Dramatico~-s mier gamocemuli qeTi meluas meeqvse – Songs themselves have always been my biggest inspi- albomi britaneTSi, 16 seqtembers, qeTis 29-e ration. From the moment I heard songs like “Imagine” dabadebis dRisTvis gamovida. is Semdgom evropis by John Lennon, “Where Do The Children Play” by Cat sxva qveynebSic gavrceldeba. qeTi meluas simRerebi Stevens or “Perfect Day” by Lou Reed I was instantly mesmerized by the power music put with words has. So da albomebi iyideba, aseve, Àmazon~-sa da ìTune~-ze. when I get inspired that excitement comes back to me Tu ratom SearCia qeTi meluam axali albomis and I want to get close to that feeling of total escape. saxelwodebad Tavisi saxeli _ `Ketevan~, amas waikiTxavT qvemoT, eqskluziur interviuSi, What do you find most fun in being a popular romelic momReralma Jurnals ÌP saqarTvelo~ 22and successful musician in the UK? misca. – The most fun I have is when I’m on the road and tour- ing with my band. I love being on stage and sharing the ra aris Tqveni STagonebis wyaro musikis wer stage with the incredible musicians who are now like my 22isas? family. It’s such a great feeling to be making music with _ Tavad simRerebia Cemi inspiraciis yvelaze didi them and have an audience to share that with too. wyaro. im momentidan moyolebuli, roca pirvelad movismine jon lenonis SesrulebiT „Imagine“, an qeT Tell us more about your last album Ketevan, stivensis „Where Do The Children Play“, an lui ridis 22what is it alike. You chose Georgian name „Perfect Day“, maSinve momajadova am musikis Zalam Ketevan as its title. Does it have any connec- da misma sityvebma. ase rom, roca STagonebuli var tion to your homeland? musikiT, es aRtaceba ukan mibrundeba da minda ufro – “Ketevan” is my 6th studio album, even though I don’t axlos mivide am sruli Tavis daRwevis gancdasTan. sing in my native language I’ve always felt very connected with my homeland through my music. I started ra aris yvelaze sasiamovno imaSi, rom xarT singing in Georgia and I find Georgian culture and the language is very expressive, so singing melancholy and 22popularuli da warmatebuli musikosi did emotional music comes very naturally. britaneTSi? There are a few reasons for calling this album “Ket- _ yvelaze sasiamovno aris is procesi, rodesac gzaSi evan”. After a few years of a gap from writing songs I’ve var da Cems bendTan erTad turneSi mivemgzavrebi. come back to doing that on this album, and it is always me miyvars scenaze dgoma da scenis gaziareba im self-reflective. Also I have a song which I’m dedicating araCveulebriv musikosebTan, romlebic axla to Sergei Parajanov, the brilliant Georgian/Armenian film CemTvis ojaxis wevrebiviT arian. es iseTi didebuli director whose work I find hugely inspiring. grZnobaa, rodesac akeTeb musikas maTTan erTad da gyavs auditoria, romelsac am musikas uziareb.

mogviyeviT ufro meti Tqveni axali albomis 22„Ketevan“-is Sesaxeb. albomis saTaurad qar Tuli saxelis arCevas raime kavSiri xom ara aqvs Tqvens samSoblosTan? _ „Ketevan“-i aris Cemi rigiT meeqvse studiuri albomi. miuxedavad imisa, rom me ar vmReri Cems mSobliur enaze, yovelTvis vgrZnobdi kavSirs Cems samSoblosTan Cemi musikiT. simRera saqarTveloSi daviwye. qarTuli kultura da ena ki Zalian eqspresiulia. ase, rom melanqoliuri da emociuri simRera Cemgan bunebrivad modis. ramdenime mizezia ratomac davarqvi am alboms „Ketevan“-i. ramdenime wliani Sesvenebis Semdeg am albomiT kvlav davubrundi simRerebis weras, es ki yovelTvis aris sakuTari Tavis gamomxatveli. aseve, maqvs erTi simRera, romelic sergo farajanovs mivuZRveni, saqarTveloSi moRvawe brwyinvale somex kinoreJisors, romlis Semoqmedebac Zalian STamagonebelia.

37 interviu INTERVIEW

qarTvelebs Zalian uyvarxarT Georgian people love you very much and they are proud 22da amayoben im faqtiT, rom qeTi 22that you are Georgian, what are your best memories melua warmoSobiT qarTvelia. ra about Georgia? aris Tqveni saukeTeso mogonebebi – Swimming in the Black Sea first thing in the morning, then lying saqarTveloze? out on the pebbled beach and eating “Simindi” (corn on the cob) with salt. I have so many memories, also making my family sit round and _ Sav zRvaSi banaoba _ pirveli, rasac charging them sweets or other payments for me to put on a show. I diliT vakeTeb. Semdeg, vwvebi kenWebian was probably 6 or 7 years old. plaJze da moxarSul siminds mivirTmev. me imdeni mogoneba maqvs... maxsendeba, What other things you love to do in your life when you rogor davsvamdi Cemi ojaxis wevrebs 22are not busy with music? wreze da Semdeg kanfetebiT an tkbileu- – I like going to libraries, just browsing books and exploring ideas. I liT vayidinebdi bileTebs Cemi `SousT- like watching documentaries on science and nature and I like walking vis~. maSin albaT 7 wlis viqnebodi. in parks in London. Can you give a piece of advice to young people in Geor- kidev risi gakeTeba giyvarT gia, who want to be successful? 22musikisgan Tavisufal dros? 22 _ miyvars biblioTekebi, wignebis Camo – I think it’s always important if you want to be successful to find something you’re good at and that no one else is as good at as you. tvirTva, ideebis Seswavla. miyvars Then you’ve got to be relentless with how hard you work to achieve dokumenturi filmebis yureba mec what you want. But I’m not an expert at all and it’s difficult to give nierebasa da bunebaze, aseve, ubralod advice on these things seirnoba londonis parkebSi. In 2005, Melua became a British citizen with her parents and broth- ras urCevT axalgazrdebs, rom er. During the ceremony, where British passports were handed over to 22lebsac cxovrebaSi warmatebis the Melua family, Katie said in her gratitude speech: “As a family, we miRweva surT? have been very fortunate to find a happy lifestyle in this country and _ me vfiqrob, Tu ginda warmatebas miaRwio, we feel we belong to Great Britain. We still consider ourselves to be yovelTvis Zalian mniSvnelovania miagno Georgian, because that is where our roots are, and I return to Georgia iseT rames, raSic saukeTeso xar. Semdeg every year to see my uncles and grandparents, but I am proud to now dauRalavad unda iSromo, rom mizans be a British citizen”. miaRwio. Tumca, me amis eqsperti ara var, Quite recently Katie Melua was on business trip in Georgia. She is amitom rTulia CemTvis rCevis micema. among supporters of the charity project of National Agency for Cul- tural Heritage Protection on saving the ancient frescos of the Vardzia 2005 wels qeTi meluam mSoblebTan complex. Katie examined the ongoing works and remained quite satis- da ZmasTan erTad britaneTis moqa fied with the results. laqeoba miiRo. ceremonialze, sadac maT britaneTis pasportebi gadasces, qeTim Semdegi samadlobeli sityva Tqva: „Cvens ojaxs Zalian gaumarTla, rom am qveyanaSi bednierad vcxovrobT, Cven vgrZnobT, rom vekuTvniT did britaneTs. magram, Cven Tavi isev qarTvelebad migvaCnia imitom, rom es aris adgili, sadac aris Cveni fesvebi, amitom me yovel wels Cavdivar saqarTveloSi, rom movinaxulo Cemi biZebi, bebia da babua. amasTanave, me var amayi, rom var britaneTis moqalaqe.“ sul axlaxan qeTi melua saqar TveloSi saqmiani vizitiTac imyofeboda. is aris, kulturuli memkvidreobis dacvis saxelmwifo programis fargleb- Si ganxorcielebuli, varZiis freskebis gadarCenis saqvelmoqmedo proeqtis mxardamWeri. qeTim varZiaSi mimdinare samuSaoebi daaTvaliera da SedegiT kmayofili darCa.

38 www.republicmedia.com

39 yvela foto _ All photos – www.republicmedia.com saqarTvelos Svidi da meti saocreba SEVEN AND MORE WONDERS OF GEORGIA

qeTevan bojgua KETEVAN BOJGUA

XX saukunis dasawyisi, ruseTis imperia, kavkasiis Beginning of the 20th century, Russian empire, re- florisa da faunis mkvlevari, warmoSobiT poloneli searcher of the Caucasian flora and fauna of Polish origin, ludvig mlokoseviCi saimperatoro akademias mimar- Ludvig Mlokosevich applied to the Imperial Academy, re- questing recognition of Lagodekhi gorge located in east- Tavs. mecnieri iTxovs, imperiis erT-erTi Semadgeneli ern Georgia, one of the parts of the Empire, as a reserve. nawilis, saqarTvelos aRmosavleTiT mdebare lago- After Lagodekhi was visited by several expeditions for dexis xeoba nakrZalad aRiaron. marTlac, lagodexis studying its unique flora and fauna and following an eight- teritoriaze arsebuli unikaluri mcenareebisa da year long research, 3500 square meters of the gorge were cxovelTa samyaros Sesaswavlad ramdenime eqspedicia recognized as a reserve. This is how the first protected area of Georgia was Cadis da 8 wliani kvlevis Semdeg, xeobis 3500 kvadrat- established, in 1912 when Georgia was still a part of the uli metri nakrZalad cxaddeba. Russian empire. Today, in the 21st century there are 68 ase Seiqmna saqarTvelos pirveli daculi teri- different types of different reserves on the territory of independent Georgia; their total area is half million hec- toria 1912 wels, rodesac qveyana jer kidev ruseTis tares, more than 7% of the country area. However, fig- imperiis SemadgenlobaSi iyo. dRes, XXI saukuneSi da- ures are not enough to characterize these unique places, moukidebeli saqarTvelo 68 sxvadasxva saxis dacul probably neither reading this article about seven different teritorias aerTianebs, romelTa saerTo farTobi reserves in Georgia. The only way to really learn about naxevari milioni heqtaria, qveynis farTobis 7 %-ze these places is to see them with your own eyes. meti. Tumca, ricxvebi am unikaluri adgilebis dasaxa- siaTeblad sakmarisi ar aris. sakmarisi, albaT, arc THE NATIONAL PARK OF BORJOMI-KHARAGAULI am statiis wakiTxva iqneba, romelSic Svid aseT teri- Location torias warmogidgenT. realuri STabeWdilebis Seqmna The park is situated on the territories of Tori, Imereti mxolod maTi sakuTari TvaliT naxvis SemTxvevaSia and Samtskhe, combining marginal areas of several historic parts of Georgia. Its total area is 61 000 hectares. SesaZlebeli. History The official status was granted to this one of the oldest borjom-xaragaulis erovnuli parki and most large-scale protected areas in Georgia and one of the largest protected areas in Europe in 1995. However, mdebareoba the history of this process started much earlier, in the 19th century, when brother of Emperor Alexander II, Mikhail parki mdebareobs Toris, imereTis da samcxis teri was appointed as the Viceroy in Georgia. toriaze da aerTianebs saqarTvelos ramdenime is- Mikhail Romanov was so impressed by the local nature toriuli kuTxis ganapira nawilebs. saerTo farTobi that the Emperor gave him the whole territory of Bor- daaxloebiT 61 000 heqtaria. jomi Gorge as a present. The latter draw boundaries for the territory and strictly prohibited hunting and cutting of

borjom-xaragaulis erovnuli parki evropis erT-erTi udidesi daculi teritoriaa. The national park of Borjomi-Kharagauli is one of the largest protected areas in Europe.

40 aRmoaCine saqarTvelo DISCOVER GEORGIA

istoria trees without permission. This is how the gorge became the first protected area in the Caucasus. Borjomi State saqarTveloSi erT-erT uZveles da yvelaze masSta- Reserve was established after sovietization of Georgia, bur, evropaSi ki erT-erT yvelaze did dacul terito- while in 1995 the Government of independent Georgia rias oficialuri statusi 1995 wels mieniWa. Tumca, established the National Park of Borjomi-Kharagauli. The am procesis istoria gacilebiT adre, XIX saukunidan area occupied by the reserve, total of 76 000 hectares, iwyeba, rodesac saqarTveloSi ruseTis mefisnacvlad 1% of the total area of the country, combines unique flora, fauna and climate in itself. imperatori aleqsandre II Zma _ mixeili daniSnes. Flora mixeil romanovi imdenad mouxiblavs adgilobriv The national park is rich in dark coniferous, leaf and bunebas, rom imperators misTvis mTeli borjomis xe- mixed forests. With the change of altitude, one leaf forest oba uCuqebia. mefis Zmas teritoria SemousazRvravs is followed by another. Coniferous forests are widespread da sastikad aukrZalavs unebarTvo nadiroba da xe- – fir, pine, fir and pine and spruce forests. This diversity tyis Wra. ase iqca xeoba erTgvar pirvel dacul teri- creates an amazing view, particularly in autumn before falling of leaves, when leaves change color. toriad kavkasiaSi. saqarTvelos gasabWoebis Semdeg Seiqmna borjomis saxelmwifo nakrZali, 1995 wels ki Fauna ukve damoukidebeli saqarTvelos mTavrobam borjom- The beauty of the national park are different types of mammals. Beasts of prey include wolves, lynxes and xaragaulis erovnuli parki daaarsa. dRes 76 000 heq- bears. The park is also a home to roe deer and wild boars. tari, rac saqarTvelos saerTo farTobis 1%-ia, uni- Borjomi gorge has always been known for population of kalur floras, faunasa da klimats aerTianebs. Caucasian deer whose number currently is at 140. According to the local population, beginning of the flora deer breeding season in late September offers unforget- borjom-xaragaulis erovnuli parki mdidaria table visual and audio impressions to tourists. muqwiwvovani, foTlovani da Sereuli tyeebiT. simaR Borjomi Water lis cvlilebasTan erTad erTi foTlovani tye meo- Mineral water with best medicinal and health benefits, one of the most famous Georgian brands abroad, is ex- reTi icvleba, gavrcelebulia wiwvovani tyeebi _ tracted from bore-holes of Borjomi-Kharagauli National naZvnari, fiWvnari, fiWvnar-naZvnari, soWnari da naZ- Park. Volcanic water enriched with 60 different types of vnar-soWnari. es mravalferovneba saocar sanaxaobas minerals from the rocks of Caucasian mountains finds its qmnis, gansakuTrebiT Semodgomaze, rodesac foTol- way out from the underground right at the entrance of the cvenis win foTlebi sxvadasxvafrad Wreldeba. Borjomi Park in its original form and is available free of charge for all visitors.

41 aRmoaCine saqarTvelo DISCOVER GEORGIA

fauna Historical Monuments erovnuli parkis mSveneba misi ZuZumwovara binad- Areas nearby the national park boast historic monu- rebi arian. msxvili mtaceblebidan nakrZalSi gvxvdeba ments that include a domed church of Timotesubani dating th mgeli, focxveri da daTvi. parkis teritoriaze Sex- back to the 13 century, Nedzvi Church, Nunisi Church, Green Monastery of Chitakhevi, Gogia Fortress and Petra vdebiT Svelsa da gareul Rorsac. borjomis xeoba yo fortress near settlement Likani, Vakhani and Golden For- velTvis ganTqmuli iyo kavkasiuri irmis populaciiT, tresses in Adigeni District – all of these monuments date romelic amJamad daaxloebiT 140 irmisgan Sedgeba. back to the 9th century. The territory outside the national park also features archaeological monuments that are far adgilobrivebi amboben, rom seqtembris bolo dRe more ancient – cyclopean settlement site near the village ebi, rodesac irmis myviraloba iwyeba turistebisTvis of Boga and burial grounds, both dating back to the Bronze ara mxolod vizualuri, aramed audio STabeWdilebe- Age, as well as cultural layers from the Classical period. biTac dauviwyari xdeba.

borjomis wyali saukeTeso samkurnalo da gamajansaRebeli Tvise- bebis mqone mineraluri wyali, romelic erT-erTi yvelaze cnobili qarTuli brendia ucxoeTSi, swored aq, borjom-xaragaulis erovnuli parkis WaburRile- bidan moipoveba. vulkanuri warmoSobis wyaro, romelic kavkasiis mTebis qanebSi arsebuli 60 minerali- Taa gamdidrebuli, borjomis parkis SesasvlelTanve pirvelqmnili saxiT amodis da nebismier stumars usas yidlod SeuZlia misi dagemovneba.

istoriuli Zeglebi erovnuli parkis Semogareni mdidaria istoriuli ZeglebiT. timoTes ubnis XIII saukunis gumbaTovani taZ- ari, neZvis eklesia, nunisis eklesia, CiTaxevis mwvane monasteri, gogias cixe da petras cixe daba likanTan, vaxanisa da oqros cixeebi adigenis raionSi _ yvela es Zegli IX saukunes ekuTvnis. erovnuli parkis mimdebare teritoriaze arsebobs gacilebiT Zveli arqeologiuri Zeglebic _ brinjaos xanis ciklopuri namosax- lari sofel bogasTan, brinjaos xanis samarxebi da antikuri xanis kulturuli fenebi.

42 aRmoaCine saqarTvelo DISCOVER GEORGIA

turistuli infrastruqtura Tourism Infrastructure Borjomi-Kharagauli National Park has the best tourism borjom-xaragaulis erovnul parks saukeTeso tu infrastructure. Comfortable lodgings are available in vari- ristuli infrastruqtura gaaCnia. mis sxvadasxva uban- ous areas of the park – Marelisi (Imereti area), Atsquri ze marelisSi (imereTis ubani), awyurSi (samcxis mxare), (Samtskhe area), Likani and Kvabiskhevi (Borjomi area). likansa da qvabisxevSi (borjomis mxare) damTvaliere- Furthermore, there are a number of large and small com- blebs parkSi mdebare komfortuli TavSesafrebi fortable hotels in the city of Borjomi and settlement Ba- kuriani. Visitors can enjoy camping by foot or horseback umaspinZlebs. garda amisa, qalaq borjomsa da daba ba- riding. kurianSi arsebobs mravali didi da patara komfortuli sastumro. parkSi laSqroba SesaZlebelia rogorc borjom-xaragaulis erovnul parks saukeTeso turistuli infrastruqtura gaaCnia. fexiT, ise cxenebiT. Borjomi-Kharagauli National Park has the best tourism infrastructure.

43 aRmoaCine saqarTvelo DISCOVER GEORGIA promeTes mRvime CAVE OF PROMETHEUS saocrebaTa samyaro 17 WiSkriT _ ase aRwers erT- The wonderland with 17 gates – this is how one of the foreign tourists described Prometheus’ Cave on erTi ucxoeli turisti sakuTar blogze promeTes his personal blog. The cave situated in the village of mRvimes. dasavleT saqarTveloSi, wyaltubos raionSi, Qumistavi, Tsqaltubo District in Western Georgia was sofel yumisTavSi mdebare mRvime 1984 wels aRmoaCines. discovered in 1984. Members of speleological expedi- Tbilisis vaxuSti bagrationis saxelobis geografiis tion from the Vakhushti Bagrationi Geographic Institute institutis speleologiuri eqspediciis wevrebma 90 in Tbilisi accessed the cave through a 90-cm hole and santimetriani xvreliT SeaRwies mRvimeSi da imave discovered seven amazingly beautiful chambers on the dRes 7 ulamazesi darbazi aRmoaCines. same day. mRvime zRvis donidan 100 metris simaRleze mde- The cave is located 100 meters above sea level. Its bareobs. misi Sesasvleli 40 metramde siRrmis, 3 met entrance is 40 meters deep, 3 meters high and 4 me- ris simaRlisa da 4 metri siganisaa. swored misi gav- ters broad, leading to a world of wonders. liT iReba samyaros kari, romelic mnaxvels uamrav Orpiri Cave is right at the entrance. It is up to 35 meters long and has its own exit. Opicho Cave is near- saocrebas sTavazobs. by, with a stream of water that runs through it, creating SesvlisTanave stumars xvdeba „orpiris“ mRvime, a lake nearby. romlis sigrZe 35 metramdea da aseTive gasasvleliT There are plenty of beautiful stalactites and stalag- mTavrdeba. iqvea „ofiWos“ mRvimec. mRvimeSi gamoe mites dripping, “stone-still fountains” and “falling stone dineba wyaro da iqve tbas qmnis. curtains”. mRvimeSi uxvad aris stalaqtidebisa da stalag- Total of 17 chambers have been found in the cave mitebis ulamazesi naRvenTi formebi, „gaqvavebuli Can- and all of them are very different from one another, Cqerebi“ da „Camokidebuli qvis fardebi“. both in terms of their size, as well as shape of dripping dResdReobiT mRvimeSi aRmoCenilia 17 darbazi. yve- stalactites and stalagmites. Length of path that takes la maTgani mkveTrad gansxvavebulia rogorc masSta- visitors inside the cave chambers is 1050 meters long biT, ise CamonaRvenTebis formiT. bilikis sigrZe, and there is a beautiful lake at the end of it. The cave has many amenities, including pedestrian romelsac stumari mRvimis darbazebamde mihyavs 1050 pathways, boat rides, laser show and artificial lighting metria da ulamazesi tbiT mTavrdeba. that create unforgettable scenery, available since 2011. mRvime keTilmowyobilia. gvxvdeba safexmavlo bilikebi, SesaZlebelia gadaadgileba naviTac. lazer- mRvime keTilmowyobilia, gvxvdeba safexmavlo bilikebi, Sou da xelovnuri ganaTeba dauviwyar sanaxaobas qm- SesaZlebelia gadaadgileba naviTac. nis, romelic 2011 wlidan nebismieri msurvelisTvisaa The cave has many amenities, including pedestrian path- xelmisawvdomi. ways and boat rides.

44 45 TuSeTis yoveli sofeli TavisTavadaa istoriuli Zegli. Every village in Tusheti is a historical monument itself

TuSeTis daculi teritoria TUSHETI PROTECTED AREA Location mdebareoba One of the most beautiful parts of Georgia, Tusheti is saqarTvelos ulamazesi kuTxe TuSeTi aRmosavleT located on the Caucasian mountain range, bordered by kavkasionze mdebareobs. mas aRmosavleTiT daRestani, Dagestan from the east and Chechnya from the north. xolo CrdiloeTiT CeCneTi esazRvreba. Tusheti protected areas incorporate Tusheti State TuSeTis daculi teritoriebi TuSeTis saxelmwifo Reserve, Tusheti National Park and Tusheti Protected nakrZals, TuSeTis erovnul parksa da TuSeTis dacul Landscape with a total area of 122 000 hectares. landSafts aerTianebs. misi saerTo farTobi daaxlo ebiT 122000 heqtaria. History Due to the geographic isolation, historic information istoria about Tusheti is quite sparse; however, ancient artifacts dating back to the 12th-11th centuries BC confirm geografiuli izolaciis gamo, TuSeTis Sesaxeb that Tusheti was settled by humans from those times. arc ise bevri istoriuli cnobaa Semonaxuli, Tumca, Harsh nature and invasions by neighboring mountain- adgilze aRmoCenili uZvelesi nivTebi, romlebic eers have turned Tusheti dwellers into best warriors; Cvens welTaRricxvamde XII-XI saukuneebiT TariR however, they have also maintained their hospitality. deba, adasturebs, rom adamianebi TuSeTSi am droidan The need for constant defense has greatly contributed saxlobdnen. bunebis mkacrma pirobebma da mezobeli to the unique architecture of Tusheti – remnants of an- mTielebis Tavdasxmam TuSebi saukeTeso meomrebad cient forests and castles that have survived to present. aqcia, Tumca, stumarTmoyvareoba maT amis gamo ar daukargavT, piriqiT. mudmivi Tavdacvis aucile- Flora blobam TuSeTs unikaluri arqiteqturac SesZina _ Tusheti reserve and national park boasts unique and uZvelesi cixeebisa da koSkebis narCenebi am dromdea endemic species of flora. Its fields, with beautiful flow- SemorCenili. ers and plants, make Tusheti particularly attractive during summertime. flora Fauna TuSeTis nakrZalsa da erovnul parkSi gvxvdeba ro- These cliffs and slopes of the Caucasus are habi- gorc unikaluri, ise kavkasiis zogierTi endemi. zaf- tat of Eastern Caucasian antelopes, chamois and wild xulSi TuSeTis mindvrebi, ulamazesi yvavilebisa da goats. Caucasian black grouse is yet another beauty of mcenareebis gamo, gansakuTrebuli sanaxavia. Tushetian nature. 46 aRmoaCine saqarTvelo DISCOVER GEORGIA

fauna kavkasionis es ferdobebi da miuvali kldeebi aR- mosavleT kavkasiuri jixvis, arCvisa da niamoris sam- Sobloa. kavkasiuri roWo _ TuSeTis bunebis kidev erTi mSvenebaa. TuSeTis tyeebSi xSiradaa SesaZlebeli Svlis, Zalze iSviaTad ki _ irmis naxva. mezobeli daRestnidan regu- larulad Semodis gareuli Rori. melasa da mgels aq yvelgan SexvdebiT. yvelgan na xavT mura daTvis kvalsac. mecnierebi imeds ar kar- gaven, rom TuSeTis mTebs jer kidev SeiZleba afarebdes Tavs jiqi _ winaaziuri leopardi. TuSeTis kldeebi uzarmazari frinvelebis _ or- bebisa da mTis arwivebis sabudaria. es miuvali, mTiani mxare dabali da muxlmagari TuSuri cxenisa da mecxva- reebis erTguli TanaSemwis _ qarTuli nagazis samSob- locaa.

istoriuli Zeglebi TuSeTis yoveli sofeli TavisTavadaa istoriuli Zegli. aq aris mwyemsTa sazafxulo binebi, Zveli soflebi da nasoflarebi, romelTa did nawilSi kar- gadaa Semonaxuli gviani Sua saukuneebis cixe-koSkebi. istoriul Zeglebze aranakleb mimzidvelia tradiciuli dResaswaulebi, sazafxulo xatoba- dReobebi, aseve, STambeWdavia matylisgan damzadebuli windebi Tu feradi TuSuri fardagebi. TuSuri samzareulo ki Tavisi xinkliT, mwvadiT, gudis yve liTa da tradiciuli sasmeliT aludiT, stumrisTvis dauviwyaria. Forests in Tusheti frequently feature roe deer and very rarely reindeer. Wild boars from neighboring turistuli infrastruqtura Daghestan cross over to the Tushetian side on a regu- lar basis. TuSeTSi mdebareobs araerTi saojaxo sastumro. gadaadgileba SesaZlebelia rogorc fexiTa da avto- One can encounter foxes and wolves everywhere in this area, as well as traces of brown bears. Scientists manqaniT, ise cxenebiT. Tbilisidan qvemo omalomde remain hopeful that western Asian leopards are still Casvla 2 saaTSia SesaZlebeli. around in mountains in Tusheti. Tusheti rocks are the home of large birds – griffons and mountain eagles. This hardly accessible mountainous area is also the habitat of a short and a sturdy Tushetian horse and a shepherd’s staunch helper, Geor- gian shepherd’s dog.

Historical Monuments Every village in Tusheti is a historical monument itself. You may find summer lodgings for shepherds, ancient villages and village remnants that often feature fortresses and castles dating back to the Middle Ages. Traditional celebrations – summer feasts – are equally attractive, so are socks made from felt or color- ful Tushetian rugs. Tushetian cuisine that includes Kh- inkali, Mtsvadi, Guda Cheese and traditional beer, all offer unforgettable experience for visitors.

Tourist Infrastructure There are many family hotels in Tusheti. Visitors may choose between travelling on foot, by car or horses. There is a two-hour drive from Tbilisi to Lower Omalo. 47 aRmoaCine saqarTvelo DISCOVER GEORGIA lagodexis daculi teritoriebi LAGODEKHI PROTECTED AREAS lagodexis daculi teritoriebi saqarTvelos uki- Lagodekhi Protected areas are located in the far- thest north-eastern corner of Georgia. Its heightranges dures Crdilo-aRmosavleT nawilSi mdebareobs. misi between 400-3500 meters above sea level and the to- simaRle zRvis donidan 400-dan 3500 metramde meryeobs. tal area is 24000 hectares. saerTo farTobi daaxloebiT 24 000 heqtaria. Lagodekhi has abundant sources of water; there- lagodexi wyaluxvi raionia, ris gamoc aq uamra- fore, you may find many waterfalls there. Alpine zone vi CanCqeri SegxvdebaT. daculi teritoriis alpur features several beautiful lakes that have originated sartyelSi myinvaruli warmoSobis ramdenime Zalian from a glacier, including the Black Rock Lake as the lamazi tbaa, maTgan yvelaze didia ruseT-saqarTvelos largest, located right on the Georgian-Russian border. sazRvarze mdebare Savi kldis tba, romlis siRrme Its depth reaches 14 meters. ToTxmet metrs aRwevs. Lagodekhi protected areas boast unique nature, rich lagodexis daculi teritoriebis simdidre uni- and diverse flora and fauna. 126 types of vertebrates kaluri bunebaa. mdidari da mravalferovani flo- are recorded here, including a brown bear featured in the Red Book. Lagodekhi District has plentiful settle- ris pirobebSi, mdidari faunacaa gavrcelebuli. iq ment sites and burials dating back to the pre-Christian xerxemliani cxovelebis 126 saxeobaa aRwerili, maT era, as well as monuments of the early Christian and Sorisaa `wiTel wignSi~ Setanili mura daTvic. lago- medieval periods. dexis raionSi mravladaa winaqristianuli nasaxlari da samarxi, aseve, adreqristianuli da Sua saukuneebis lagodexis daculi teritoriis alpur sartyelSi Zeglebi. myinvaruli warmoSobis ramdenime lamazi tbaa. Alpine zone of Lagodekhi protected areas features several beautiful lakes originated from a glacier.

48 vaSlovanis daculi teritoriebi winaaziuri jiqi _ noe, romelic mecnierebma vaSlovanSi 2003 wels daafiqsires, parkis savizito baraTia. xeoba, romelic saqarTvelos ukidures aRmosavleT Western Asian leopard nicknamed Noe, which was found nawilSi mdebareobs, kldeebSi patara xevis mier gaW- by scientists in 2003 has become a visiting card of the rili Rrma da ulamazesi kanionia. vaSlovanSi 700-mde area. saxeobis mcenarea aRwerili, Tumca, maT Soris aRsaniS- navia orqideebi, qarTuli zambaxi da veluri vazi. VASHLOVANI PROTECTED AREAS vaSlovanSi sul 46 saxeobis ZuZumwovari cxoveli The gorge situated in the eastern part of Georgia is binadrobs. 2003 wlis bolos mecnierebma aq winaaziuri a deep and a beautiful canyon between rocks. Vash- jiqis anu leopardis dafiqsireba SeZles. erovnuli lovani features up to 700 types of vegetation, including parkis simbolo _ noe, rogorc mas Searqves, axlac orchids, Georgian iris and wild vine as the most promi- vaSlovanis teritoriaze cxovrobs da mis savizito nent. baraTadaa qceuli. Vashlovani is the home to 46 types of mammals. In late 2003 scientists found western Asian leopard there. vaSlovanis daculi teritoriebi idealuri adgi Now the symbol of the national park, nicknamed Noe, lia frinvelebze dakvirvebisTvis. aq mravladaa kakabi, it is still living on the territory of Vashlovani and has iSviaTad, magram mainc SexvdebiT durajs. arian yanCebi become a visitingcard for the area. da gareuli ixvebic. Tixis cicabo flateebze mercx- Protected areas of Vashlovani are an ideal place for lebis koloniebi budoben, ris gamoc am adgils `mer- observing birds. You may find a lot of partridges there, cxlebis qalaqs~ uwodeben. aseve, teritoriaze dafiq- several black francolins, as well as some herons and sirebulia 109 saxeobis pepela. wild ducks. Steep clay slopes are homes to colonies of daTvis xevSi SesaZlebelia preistoriuli _ im pe- swallows, which is why it has been nicknamed as the riodis faunis naxva, rodesac aqauroba zRviT iyo city of swallows. 109 types of butterflies have been re- dafaruli. corded on the territory. vaSlovanis dacul teritoriaze daSvebulia jo- In the Bear gorge one can see prehistoric fauna, back from the time when the territory was under the mardoba. naviT mogzaurobas gansakuTrebul interess sea. is faqti sZens, rom mdinaris erTi napiri saqarTveloa, meore ki azerbaijani. marSrutis bolos _ mijnis yure- Visitors to Vashlovani protected area may also enjoy rafting. Travelling in a boat is particularly exciting due Si erovnuli parkis administraciis mier daSvebulia to the fact that one bank of the river is on the Georgian ankesiT sportuli Tevzaobac. territory, while another is on the Azerbaijan territory. The administration of the national park allows visitors to fish at the end of the route, in the bay of Mijna.

49 kolxeTis erovnuli parki kolxeTis Waobebi im landSaftis naSTia, romelic 10 milioni wlis win evraziis kontinentze uwyvet zolad iyo kolxeTis erovnuli parkis farTobi daaxloebiT gadaWimuli. 45 000 heqtaria. teritoria, romelic moicavs Savi Marshes of Kolkheti are a remnant of landscape stretching zRvis aRmosavleT sanapiro zolsa da paliastomis as a continuous line on the Eurasian continent 10 million tbis auzs, saqarTvelos ori istoriuli mxaris _ same- years ago. grelosa da guriis nawilia. kolxeTis Waobebi, pirvel rigSi, Tavis reliqtu- ri warmoSobiTaa mniSvnelovani. es dablobi naSTia KOLKHETI NATIONAL PARK dRemde SemorCenili im tropikuli da subtropikuli landSaftisa, romelic daaxloebiT 10 milioni wlis The total area of Kolkheti National Park is almost win evraziis kontinentze uwyvet zolad iyo gadaWimu- 45 000 hectares. The territory covering eastern Black li. kolxeTs SemorCa mcenareebi, romlebic dRes mxo Sea coastline and the basin of Paliastomi Lake, is part of two historic areas of Georgia – Samegrelo and Guria. lod Soreuli CrdiloeTis tundrisa da taigisTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli. Marshes of Kolkheti are important, first of all, due to their relict origins. The lowland is a remnant of tropi- kolxeTis erovnuli parkis namdvili mSvenebaa pa- cal and sub-tropical landscape stretching as a continu- liastomis tba, romelic ramdenime aTasi wlis win Savi ous line on the Eurasian continent 10 million years ago. zRvis yure iyo. Kolkheti still has the vegetation characteristic to the kolxeTis erovnul parkSi vizits kidev ufro sain- tundra and taiga of the far north. teresos mis mimdebare teritoriebze arsebuli arqe- Real beauty of Kolkheti National Park is the Pali- ologiuri da kulturis Zeglebis monaxuleba xdis. astomi Lake that used to be a Black Sea bay several lazikis Zveli dedaqalaqi arqeopolisi da kolxeTis thouthand years ago. qristianuli Zeglebi _ Sua saukuneebis warwerebiTa Visit to the Kolkheti National Park is far more excit- da freskebiT mdidari martvilis samonastro komple- ing due to the archaeological and cultural monuments qsi, xobis monasteri, caiSis, korcxelis da gulevlis featured by the nearby territories. Old capital of Lazika, eklesiebi erovnuli parkis siaxloves mdebareobs. Archaeopolis and Christian monuments of Lazika, the mnaxvelebisaTvis, aseve, sainteresoa zugdidSi dadi- Complex of Martvili Monsatery rich in medieval inscrip- tions and frescos, Khobi Monastery, Tsaishi, Kortskheli anebis evropuli saxl-muzeumi da iq daculi unika and Gulevli Churches are all near the national park. luri eqsponatebi. Visitors may also enjoy the European house museum of erovnuli parkis administracia damTvalierebels the Dadianis and its unique exhibits. ramdenime dauviwyar sanaosno marSrutsac sTavazobs. Administration of the national park offers several Tu anakliis maxloblad, Sav zRvasTan SesarTavidan unforgettable boating rotes to visitors. Following up- mdinare Wurias naviT aRma auyvebiT, an imnaT-palias- stream the River Churia originating from the Black tomis gavliT mdinare fiCoris kalapotSi SexvalT, Sea near Anaklia or enter the riverbed of Pichori River Zlier STabeWdilebebs miiRebT _ aqauri reliqtur through Imnat-Paliastomi is an extraordinary experi- tyeebSi mimavali mdinaris yoveli mosaxvevi axal-axal ence – each and every turn of the river flowing into the surprizebs gTavazobT. relict forests offers many surprises. 50 yvela foto: daculi teritoriebis saagentos arqividan All photos: From the archive of the Agency of Protected Areas 51 aRmoaCine saqarTvelo DISCOVER GEORGIA mtiralas erovnuli parki mdebareobs istoriul aWaraSi. aqauri mTebi zRvis haers akaveben, rac aWaris uaRresad tenian havas gansaz- Rvravs. mtiralas mTa, romlis simaRle zRvis donidan 1381 metria, saqarTveloSi yvelaze naleqiani adgilia. mtiralas flora da fauna mdidari da mraval- ferovania. teritoria sainteresoa adre da gviani Sua saukuneebis istoriuli ZeglebiT, cixe-simagreebisa da xidebis naSTebiT. am periodis istoriuli Zeglebi- dan aRsaniSnavia XIII saukunis sxalTis eklesia, xixanis, goniosa da petras cixeebi, aseve, kargad Semonaxuli meCeTebi. arqeologiuri gaTxrebis Sedegad, gonios cixis teritoriaze gaTxrilia Cv.w. II saukunis ipodro- mi, mravali sacxovrebeli da sameurneo saTavso. kvariaTis da Caqvis kurortebze kargad aris gan- viTarebuli sazafxulo turizmi, erovnul parks ki frinvelze dakvirvebis da ekologiuri turizmis ganviTarebisTvis sakmaod kargi potenciali aqvs. mis siaxloves mdebare mTian soflebSi SesaZlebelia eTno- grafiuli turizmis ganviTarebac. THE NATIONAL PARK OF MTIRALA es mxolod Svidia im saocrebebidan, romelsac saqarTveloSi naxavT. daculi teritoriebis saagen- The National Park of Mtirala is located in historic Acha- tos xelmZRvaneli rati jafariZe ambobs, rom saqar ra. Mountains on this territory intercept the air flowing Tvelos dacul teritoriebs turistul bazarze erT- from the sea and define Achara’s extremely humid - cli mate. Mtirala Mountain with the height of 1381 meters erTi yvelaze swrafad mzardi da maRalmoTxovnadi above sea level is one of the most humid areas in Georgia. mimarTulebis _ ekoturizmis ganviTarebis udidesi In addition to rich and diverse flora and fauna it is in- potenciali gaaCnia. teresting for its medieval historical monuments, remains `saqarTvelos daculi teritoriebis popularoba of fortresses and bridges. Historical monuments of this period include Skhalta Church dating back to the 13th da cnobadoba vizitorTa Soris wlidan wlamde izrde century, Kikhani, Gonio and Petra fortresses, as well as ba, gansakuTrebiT ekomogzaurTa da veluri bunebis well-reserved mosques. Archaeological excavations have moyvarulTa Soris. ekoturizmis ganviTarebis umniS revealed a hippodrome dating back to the 2nd century BC, vnelovanes safuZvels daculi teritoriebi qmnian da many dwellings and storerooms. vizitorTa umravlesobac swored maT stumrobs. Summer tourism is well developed in Kvariati and Chakvi resorts, while the national park boasts a great cifrebi gviCveneben, rom saqarTvelos dacul potential for observing birds and development of eco- teritoriebze vizitorTa raodenoba yovelwliurad tourism. Nearby mountainous villages provide favorable saSualod 40%-iT izrdeba. 2005 welTan SedarebiT, conditions for ethnographic tourism. maSin, rodesac vizitorTa ricxvi 6 000-s ar aRemate This is only seven of all the wonders that Georgia has boda, 2013 wlis agvistos maTi raodenoba daaxloebiT to offer. Head of the Agency for Protected Areas, Rati- Japaridze says that one of the fastest growing and de- 40-jer aris gazrdili da dRevandeli mdgomareobiT manding fields of tourism – eco-tourism has the greatest 243294-s aRwevs. sezoni ar dasrulebula da maTi potential for development in Georgia. ricxvi kvlav gaizrdeba~. “Popularity and awareness of protected areas wlidan wlamde izrdeba ucxo qveynis moqalaqe of Georgia grows annually, particularly among eco- travelers and those interested in wild nature. Pro- vizitorebis raodenoba, Tumca, qarTvel vizitorTa tected areas provide the most important foundation raodenoba jer kidev sagrZnoblad Warbobs. Tanafar- for the development of eco-tourism, and they are doba adgilobriv da saerTaSoriso vizitorebs So- visited by majority of visitors. ris 70/30 %-ia. ucxo qveynebis moqalaqe vizitorebis Statistics shows 40% annual growth in number pirvel xuTeuls ganekuTvnebian moqalaqeebi israeli- of visitors to protected areas of Georgia. In 2013 dan, ukrainidan, azerbaijanidan, ruseTidan da ger- their number increased 40 times since 2005, when the number of visitors was up to 6,000. As of now, maniidan. number of visitors is 243294. The season is still rati jafariZis TqmiT, imisTvis, rom es ricxvi open and number of visitors is increasing”. gaizardos da masTan erTad amaRldes garemosdacviTi Number of foreign citizens visiting Georgia grows an- cnobiereba, saagento aqtiurobs rogorc adgilobriv, nually; however, Georgian visitors still prevail at 70/30%. ise saerTaSoriso doneze. saqarTvelos daculi teri- Top five countries on the list of visitors include Israel, Ukraine, Azerbaijan, Russia and Germany. toriebi yovelwliurad monawileobas iRebs saerTa- According to Rati Japaridze, in order to help increase Soriso turistul gamofena-bazrobebSi, rogoricaa the number of visitors and also raise environmental `Fitur 2013~ (espaneTi), `International Trade Fair~ (CexeTi), awareness, the Agency remains actively engaged both 52 aRmoaCine saqarTvelo DISCOVER GEORGIA

`Holiday world~ (CexeTi), `ITB Berlin~ (germania) da a.S. at the local and international levels. Georgian protected JurnalSi `National Geographic~ gamoqveynda statiebi areas annually participate in international tourism exhibitions and fairs, including “Fitur 2013” (Spain), “Inter- saqarTvelos daculi teritoriebis Sesaxeb; qveynis national Trade Fair” (Czech Republic), “Holiday world” masStabiT, rogorc dedaqalaqSi, ise regionebSi gan- (Czech Republic), “ITB Berlin” (Germany), etc. Articles Tavsebulia sareklamo banerebi da posterebi; SemuSav- about Georgian protected areas have been published in da ekosaganmanaTleblo strategia, sistematurad the magazine National Geographic. Advertising banners tardeba seminarebi, prezentaciebi da leqciebi, ewyoba and posters have been put up both in the capital as well ekoturebi, dasufTavebis aqciebi da aqtivobebi wli- as in the regions throughout Georgia; the strategy of eco- education has been elaborated and systematic seminars, uri mwvane kalendris mixedviT. presentations, lectures are hosted, eco-tours, clean-ups `garda am aqtivobebisa, daculi teritoriebis and various activities according to the green calendar are saagento mudmivad cdilobs da dgams konkretul organized. nabijebs imisaTvis, rom gaaumjobesos teritoriuli “In addition to these activities, the Agency for Protected Areas constantly tries and takes concrete administraciebis ekoturistuli infrastruqtura, steps to improve eco-tourism infrastructure of ter- danergos da ganaviTaros axali servisebi da sru ritorial administrations, introduce and develop new lyos momsaxurebis xarisxi. evropis veluri bunebis services and perfect quality of service. European dacvis fondis `PAN Park~-is mier ukve aRiarebulia foundation for the protection of wild nature PAN borjom-xaragaulis erovnuli parki da, aseve, imere Park has already recognized Borjomi-Kharagauli Tis mRvimeebis daculi teritoria, romelic mRvi National Park and the protected area of Imereti caves which is also a member of the International meebis saerTaSoriso asociaciis (ISCA) wevria, Tumca Show Caves Association; however, a lot more needs srulyofili suraTis misaRebad kvlav bevri ram aris to be done to get a perfect picture, and we are now gasakeTebeli da didi gamowvevebis winaSe vdgavarT~, facing great challenges”, – says Rati Japaridze. ambobs rati jafariZe. To overcome the challenges and development stages gamowvevebisa da ganviTarebis etapebis warmatebiT successfully, the Agency cooperates with a number of international organizations, actively implementing inter- gavlisaTvis daculi teritoriebis saagento TanamS- national projects with the support of donor organizations romlobs mraval saerTaSoriso organizaciasTan, aq- and foundations in the field of environment protection. tiur fazaSia saerTaSoriso proeqtebi garemosdacviT The purpose of all this is to establish a well-developed sferoSi momuSave donori organizaciebisa da fonde- system with efficient infrastructure, human resources, bis mxardaWeriT. am yvelafris mizani ki ganviTarebuli and eco-tourism services, and certainly to foster the key function of protected areas – biodiversity and environ- da srulyofili sistemaa, gamarTuli infrastruqtu- mental heritage. riT, adamianuri resursiT, ekoturistuli momsaxure- bebiTa da servisebiT, ra Tqma unda, daculi terito- saqarTvelos dacul teritoriebze vizitorTa ricxvi riebis umTavresi funqciis _ biomravalferovnebisa yovelwliurad saSualod 40%-iT izrdeba. da bunebrivi memkvidreobis dacviT. Statistics shows 40% annual growth in number of visitors to protected areas of Georgia.

statia momzadebulia daculi teritoriebis saagentos vebgverdze dayrdnobiT The article is prepared according to the website of the Agency for Protected Areas 53 mefe koma KING KOMA

qeTevan bojgua KETEVAN BOJGUA

vin: devid koma (daviT komaxiZe). Who: David Koma (David Komakhidze). Where: Born in Georgia, raised in St. Petersburg, sad: daibada saqarTveloSi, gaizarda sankt- has been living and working in London. His favorite peterburgSi, dRemde cxovrobs da muSaobs lon- place for inspiration – Tate Modern Art Gallery. donSi. misi sayvareli adgili STagonebisTvis When: In 2003 he was admitted to a prestigious teitis Tanamedrove xelovnebis galereaa. Central Saint Martins College of Art and Design, from rodis: 2003 wels Caabara londonSi wminda mar- where he graduated with BA and MA diploma. He won tinis xelovnebisa da dizainis prestiJul kolejSi the Best Womenswear Collection award in 2007 and one of the most prestigious awards in the British fash- (Central Saint Martins College of Art and Design) , mi- ion world Harrods Design Award in 2009. As of 2012, iRo bakalavris da magistris diplomebi. 2007 wels he has received the BFC NEWGEN Sponsorship (a pres- moipova jildo qalis samosis saukeTeso koleqci- tigious stipend supporting young designers. Its key isaTvis, 2009 wels ki _ britanuli modis samyaro- sponsor is Topshop, a famous clothes retailer) five Si erT-erTi yvelaze prestiJuli `herods dizain times already. evordi~. 2012 wlamde 5-jer moipova “BFC NEWGEN Why: Telegraph Magazine has referred to him as Sponsorship” (axalgazrda dizainerebis mxardamWeri King Koma. They say that David Koma, a wunderkind of the fashion world, is one of the most promising con- prestiJuli stipendia, romlis mTavari sponsori am temporary designers. David Koma has been worn by droisTvis aris cnobili savaWro qseli “Topshop”). Beyonce, Kylie Minogue, Lady Gaga, Rihanna, Cheryl ratom: Jurnal `telegrafma~ mas `mefe koma~ Cole, Penélope Cruz, Emma Roberts, Sienna Miller, Jen- uwoda, amboben, rom modis samyaros vunderkindi nifer Lopez, Naomi Campbell, Miley Cyrus, Eva Longo- da Tanamedroveobis erT-erTi yvelaze imedismom- ria, Jennifer Lawrence. How: With his unique style, determination and hard cemi dizaineria. `devid koma~ acviaT bionses, kai- work; with effective, structured silhouettes, combina- li monougs, ledi gagas, rianas, Seril kouls, pe- tion of metal details and feminine, sexual forms, and nelope kruss, ema robertss, siena milers, jenifer details that seem rough at first glance; by protecting lopess, naomi kempbels, maili sairuss, eva longo- his trademark; with the help from his wife who man- rias, jenifer lourenss. ages his brand; and certainly by being proud of his Georgian origin. rogor: sakuTari unikaluri stiliT, mizandasa He was eight years old when he started drawing xulobiTa da bevri SromiT. efeqturi, gamokveTili sketches. He was always interested in who was wear- siluetebiT, qalur da seqsualur formebTan Ser- ing what and how. He says that he knew at this age wymuli metalis elementebiTa da, erTi SexedviT, already that he would become a designer. He was 13 uxeSi detalebiT; sakuTari sasaqonlo niSnis dac- years old when he created his first collection and has viT; meuRlis daxmarebiT, romelic misi menejeria never stopped since then. He was already living in St. da, ra Tqma unda, siamayiT sakuTari qarTuli warmo- Petersbourgh where he opened his first atelier and continued his studies in art school. Sobis gamo. 54 dizaini DESIGN 8 wlis iyo, roca xatva daiwyo. yovelTvis ain- ”I always knew that I had to go to London to teresebda vis, ra da rogor ecva. rogorc Tavad become a real designer. My dream came true and ambobs, ukve am asakSi icoda, rom dizaineri gaxde- I was admitted to Saint Martins College, where I studied for 6 years, including the last two years boda. 13 wlisam pirveli koleqcia Seqmna da amis Sem- of my studies that I spent with Prof. Chris Wu deg aRar gaCerebula. im droisTvis ukve sankt-pe- who was my mentor. This is when I formed my terburgSi cxovrobda, swored iq gaxsna pirveli own style completely and I knew what I wanted atelie, paralelurad swavlas agrZelebda samxat- to say. My collection was showcased at London vro akademiaSi. Fashion Week and this is probably when I felt like a real designer. This is when my first internation- `yovelTvis vicodi, rom londonSi unda wavsuli al debut occurred”. yavi, iq gavxdebodi namdvili dizaineri. ocneba amix He decided to become a designer in Tbilisi and real- da, movxvdi sent martinsis skolaSi. iq 6 weli viswav ized it in London. There was also St. Petersbourgh in le, bolo 2 weli profesor kris vusTan. is iyo Cemi between. maswavlebeli. iq Camovayalibe Cemi stili, ukve Three countries, three cities. To answer the question vicodi risi Tqmac mindoda. Cemi koleqcia aCvenes of which one has influenced him the most, he says: londonis modis kvireulze da albaT, swored maSin ”All three cities have influenced the development of my personality. It is hard for me to pick vigrZeni Tavi namdvil dizainerad. iqve Sedga Cemi one. I am a Georgian with Georgian colors and saerTaSoriso debiutic~. Georgian energy. St. Petersburg and its muse- dizaineroba TbilisSi daisaxa miznad da lon- ums, architecture, culture had a great deal of in- donSi ganaxorciela. SualedSi iyo sankt-peterbur- fluence on me. I received my education in London gi. samiqveyana, sami qalaqi. kiTxvaze, Tu sabolood and formed my own independent style there, cre- mainc romels ekuTvnis, ase pasuxobs: ated what I do now. I became a professional. All three cities have turned me into what I am now”. `yvela qalaqma imoqmeda Cemi pirovnebis Camo He does not have a single source of inspiration. He yalibebaze. gamorCeva Zalian Znelia. me qarTveli may be inspired by different things from season to sea- var da saqarTvelos ferebi, qarTuli energetika son. It can be a book that he has read, a painter or a momyveba. sankt-peterburgma da misma muzeumebma, fact that I accidentally witnessed the day before yester- arqiteqturam, kulturam didi gavlena moaxdina day in the street. He has been frequently inspired by a contemporary work of art, architecture, any particular Cemze. londonSi ki ganaTleba miviRe da swored am building but the key inspiration is certainly a woman qalaqSi Camovayalibe damoukidebeli stili, Sevq and her anatomy. It always inspires him. meni is, rasac vakeTeb axla, gavxdi profesionali. He likes Carine Roitfeld, former editor-in-chief of samive qalaqma maqcia imad, rac var~. Semodgoma-zamTari 2013 Autumn-Winter 2013

55 dizaini DESIGN

erTi inspiracia ar aqvs. sezonidan sezonamde, French Vogue. He would love to dress Monica Belucci SesaZloa, sul sxvadasxva ramem daainteresos. es and Sophia Loren. He likes strong women in general, SeiZleba iyos wakiTxuli wigni, mxatvari, an Tundac who can successfully balance their career, family life and self-care. Although he hasn’t lived in Georgia for a quCaSi sruliad SemTxveviT nanaxi ram. xSirad misi long time, he knows that the majority of the Georgian STagonebis wyaro gamxdara Tanamedrove xelovnebis women are exactly of that type. It is hard for him to nimuSi, arqiteqtura Tu romelime Senoba. magram, pick someone in particular as he would like to work mTavari, rogorc Tavad ambobs, ra Tqma unda aris with any of such women. He would love them to dress qali da misi anatomia _ is, rasac yovelTvis SeuZlia in David Koma. misi STagoneba. Stars like Beyonce, Kylie Minogue, Cheryl Cole, Ri- Zalian moswons karin rotfildi _ franguli hanna, Lady Gaga, Penelope Cruz, Emma Roberts, Sie- na Miller, Jennifer Lopez, Naomi Campbell, Miley Cyrus, vogis yofili redaqtori. siamovnebiT Caacmevda Eva Longoria, Jennifer Lawrence, Selena Gomez and monika beluCisa da sofi lorens. saerTod moswons many others already wear David Koma. Zlieri qalebi, romlebic saqmis, ojaxisa da Ta- ”It is a great feeling when amazingly talented vis movlis SeTavsebas kargad axerxeben. didi xania strong women choose to wear my clothes. This saqarTveloSi ar cxovrobs, magram miaCnia, rom qar isn’t something unusual to me now that a num- Tveli qalebis didi nawili swored aseTia. nebis ber of movie or show business stars have worn mier aseT qalbatonTan siamovnebiT imuSavebda da my dresses, including on a red carpet. The first isurvebda, rom maT ecvaT `devid koma~. time it happened I had just graduated from college and no one new my name. It was certainly a bionse, kaili monougi, ledi gaga, riana, Ser- moment of great emotion.” il kouli, penelope krusi, ema robertsi, siena mile- He says that he was particularly excited when Be- ri, jenifer lopesi, naomi kempbeli, maili sairusi, yonce chose his dress, as she mostly wears Thierry eva longoria, jenifer lourensi, selena gomesi _ es Mugler who is one of David Koma’s idols like Karl La- im varskvlavebis arasruli CamonaTvalia, romelsac gerfield. dRes ukve acviaT `devid koma~. ”I’ve always wanted to create my own brand `Zalian sasiamovnoa, rom saocrad niWieri da and work independently; however, there are a Zlieri qalebi Cems samoss irCeven. dRes, roca ukve number of popular fashion houses and faces who I’d be honored to work with – Clash, Clod Mon- bevr kino Tu Sou-biznesis varskvlavs acvia Cemi tana, Thierry Mugler and many others.” kaba, maT Soris wiTel xaliCazec, es CemTvis ukve He believes that today when plagiarism and copying 56 dizaini DESIGN

Cveulebrivi ambavia, magram, roca es pirve gazafxuli-zafxuli 2013 lad moxda, maSin koleji axali damTavrebuli Spring-Summer 2013 mqonda, aravin micnobda da, ra Tqma unda, emo cia didi iyo.“ are frequent, any designer should register his name and logo. ambobs, rom roca bionsem misi kaba aarCia ”This is how they do it here, in Europe. It can be more or less expansive but it is necessary to do in all gansakuTrebulad gauxarda, radgan is ZiriTa- countries where you work and present your produc- Thierry Mugler dad ` ~-s atarebs, romelic karl tion. You should get registered even in the USA and lagerfelTan erTad misi erT-erTi kerpia. China if you plan to expand your business and access `yovelTvis mindoda Cemi brendi Semeqmna da large markets. You should use all mechanisms avail- damoukideblad memuSava, magram Zalian bevri able and do as much as possible to be protected.” popularuli modis saxli da saxea, visTanac He does not have any firmly established opinions about his muSaobas pativad CavTvlidi, magaliTad Clash, Georgian colleagues but he knows that many talented people, many designers in Georgia work abroad, so he believes in a Clod Montana, Thierry Mugler da kidev uamravi.~ successful future of the Georgian fashion. In his view, fashion fiqrobs, rom dRes, roca plagiati da is a difficult world, in which a beginner designer can survive kopireba ase xSiria, nebismierma dizainerma only due to talent, purposefulness and infinite love for his job. unda daaregistriros sakuTari saxeli da In addition to creativity, organizational skills are also neces- logo. sary. `aq, evropaSi ase iqcevian. SesaZloa, es ”I always tell my students and interns – when starting your work as a designer, you should first ask your- met-naklebad Zviri iyos, magram amis gakeTe self million times, whether this is something you can’t ba aucilebelia yvela im qveyanaSi, sadac mu live without, something that you want most in the Saob da sakuTar produqcias waradgen. ameri whole world. If this is true and you don’t see yourself kis SeerTebul Statebsa da CineTSic ki unda anywhere else, then you can start working in fashion daregistrirde Tu biznesis gafarToebasa da industry. If this is not something you really want, you did bazarze gasvlas gegmav. yvela meqanizmi simply won’t be able to handle it.” unda aamoqmedo da yvelaferi unda gaakeTo He has already presented his latest Fall-Winter collection imisTvis, rom daculi iyo.~ during London Fashon Weeks. He has many plans, including about his personal life but he believes that there is no need qarTvel kolegebze myarad Camoyalibebuli to hurry – ”I’m not in a hurry. My business and I move mosazrebebi ar aqvs, magram icis, rom saqar forward slowly but successfully.” 57 yvela foto: davidkoma.com 58All photos: davidkoma.com dizaini DESIGN TveloSi bevri niWieri adamiania, bevri dizaineri sazRvargareTac muSaobs. ase, rom qarTuli modis warmatebuli momavlis sjera. misi azriT, moda ur- dizaini Tulesi samyaroa, sadac axalbeda dizainers mxo dizaini aris produqtis lod niWiereba, mizandasaxuloba da Tavisi saqmis usazRvro siyvaruli Tu gadaarCens. miaCnia, rom garegani saxe, gamosaxuleba. Semoqmedebis garda aucilebelia organizatoruli dizaini eqvemdebareba dacvas, unarebic. Tu mas aqvs siaxle da individu- `Cems studentebsa da internebs yovelTvis veub aluria. dizaini registrirdeba nebi: roca am saqmes iwyeb, milionjer mainc unda saqpatentSi. hkiTxo sakuTar Tavs _ aris Tu ara es is saqme, rom lis gareSec ver vicxovreb da rac am qveynad yvelaze DESIGN metad minda? Tu asea da Tavs sxvagan versad xedav, mxolod amis Semdeg SeiZleba modis industriaSi Design is an external face, ap- muSaobis dawyeba. Tu Zalian ar ginda, ubralod ver pearance of the product. Legal gauZleb.~ protection shall be granted to a Semodgoma-zamTris bolo koleqcia londonis modis kvireulze waradgina. kidev Zalian bevri geg- design if it is new and has indi- ma aqvs, maT Soris ojaxur cxovrebaSic. Tumca Tvlis, vidual character. Design shall be rom ar unda iCqaros _ `me ar vCqarob, win mivdivar registered at SAKPATENTI. Cems biznesTan erTad, nela, magram warmatebulad.~

jenifer lourensi da maili sairusi devid komas kabebSi. Jennifer Lawrence and Mylie Cyrus in David Koma. shutterstock.com shutterstock.com foto: Photo: shutterstock.com foto: Photo: shutterstock.com 59 qarTuli sufris saganZuri

TREASURE OF GEORGIAN FEAST

lika beraia LIKA BERAIA

mravalferovani qarTuli samzareulo, natu- Diverse Georgian cuisine with its extremely nutri- raluri produqtiT damzadebuli, specifikuri tious traditional dishes prepared from natural products aromatebiT gajerebuli da gamorCeulad noyieri, and saturated with specific flavors is a visiting card of tradiciuli kerZebiT, saqarTvelos savizito bara- Georgia. Dishes and beverages prepared under Geor- gian tradition will not leave the guests of Georgia in- Tia. qarTul tradiciebze dayrdnobiT damzadebuli different. For centuries, people have been preserving kerZebi Tu sasmeli gulgrils arc erT stumars ar the treasures of Georgian feast for future generations, tovebs. qarTuli sufris saganZuri, romelic xalxma whereas today they are already protected by relevant Tanamedrove Taobas saukuneebis manZilze Semounaxa, legislation. dRes ukve kanonmdeblobis donezea daculi. CHEESE yveli Cheese – one of the most distinctive products pre- yveli erT-erTi gamorCeuli produqtia, ro- pared by different methods in Georgia since ancient melic saqarTveloSi uZvelesi droidan araerTi times. Preparation technology, raw material extraction meTodiT mzaddeba. place and storage rules are so diverse and unique that in 2012 Sakpatenti registered 13 types of cheese as damzadebis teqnologia, nedleulis mopovebis geographical indications. Let us present some of them adgili da Senaxvis wesi imdenad mravalferovani da in this article. unikaluria, rom 2012 wels saqpatentma 13 saxeobis Sulguni – one of the most popular and ancient yveli geografiul aRniSvnad daaregistrira. sta- types of cheese in Georgia. Megruli Sulguni is first tiaSi ramdenime maTgans warmogidgenT. known to have been used in the Kingdom of Kolkhis and its preparation technology is the same today as it was sulguni erT-erTi yvelaze popularuli da uZve- centuries ago. Sulguni is boiled twice; it is moderately lesi saxeobis yvelia saqarTveloSi. megruli sul- salty, juicy and with layers. Sulguni is also prepared in guni jer kidev kolxTa samefodanaa cnobili da misi Svaneti and it is more nutritious and fatty than Megruli damzadebis teqnologia dResac iseTivea, rogoric Sulguni. ramdenime saukunis winaT iyo. sulguni orjer ixar Chogi – this cheese has a yellow color and a consis- tency of butter. The cheese Chogi is produced from high Seba, zomierad mariliani, wvniani da fenovan-fur- fat sheep milk got in July and August. Chogi is produced clovania. sulguns svaneTSic amzadeben da is meg exclusively from the milk, obtained from Tusheti spring rulze metad noyieri da cximiania. pastures giving the cheese special flavor and taste. Tenili – this cheese, processed in a form of thin Cogi _ moyviTalo feris yveli, karaqis magvari threads, is produced from high fat sheep and cow milk konsistenciiT. mzaddeba ivlissa da agvistoSi in the Samtskhe-Javakheti Region and the Dmanisi Mu- mowvelili cxvris maRalcximiani rZisgan. Cogis nicipality of Lower Kartli Region. The cheese is initially dasamzadeblad gamoiyeneba mxolod TuSeTis sazaf- rinsed in cream and then placed in pots. Later the pots 60 sulguni orjer ixarSeba. is zomierad mariliani, wvniani da fenovan-furclovania. Sulguni is boiled twice, is moderately salty, juicy and has layers.

shutterstock.com 61 Photo: shutterstock.com foto: aRmoaCine saqarTvelo DISCOVER GEORGIA

foto: `qarTuli yvelis“ arqividan Photo: From archives of “Georgian Cheese“

tenili uwvriles Zafebamde damuSavebuli yvelia, romelic xulo saZovrebidan miRebuli rZe, rac mas gansa- Zroxisa da cxvris maRalcximiani rZisgan mzaddeba. kuTrebul surnelsa da gemos aniWebs. Tenili cheese, processed in a form of thin threads, is produced from high fat sheep and cow milk. tenili uwvriles Zafebamde damuSavebuli yvelia, romelic Zroxisa da cxvris maRalcximiani are placed upside down on scattered wood ash. In old rZisagan samcxe-javaxeTis regionsa da qvemo qarT- times, Tenili was mostly prepared during solemn days. lis regionSi, dmanisis municipalitetSi mzaddeba. Acharuli Chlechili – this cheese is produced from yvels jer naRebSi avleben, Semdeg ki qoTnebSi Cate- fat-free cow milk in the summer time. It has a tied or nils nacarze pirqve amxoben. Zvelad tenils ZiriTa- a wattle shape from thin threads. The length of wattled cheese is 25cm and the width is 15cm. dad sadResaswaulod amzadebdnen. Meskhuri Chechili – produced in Meskheti, south- aWaruli CleCili mzaddeba Zroxis moxdili ern Georgia, since ancient times. It has a soft taste rZisgan, zafxulis periodSi. yvelis masa Zafovani, of lactic acid and pleasant aroma. A smoked type of Sekruli da dawnulia. dawnuli yvelis sigrZe 25, si- Meskhuri Chechili is also produced in Georgia. Kobi – it is prepared from fat-free or partially fat- gane ki 15 sm-ia. free cow milk mixed with sheep milk. Kobi has a form mesxuri CeCili saqarTvelos samxreT regionSi, of a cylinder with slightly prominent sides, horizontal mesxeTSi mzaddeboda uZvelesi droidan. gamoirCeva surface and without crust. This type of cheese is a bit msubuqi rZemJavuri gemoTi da sasiamovno aromatiT. spicy. Guda – this cheese is produced from cow, sheep arsebobs mesxuri CeCilis Sebolili nairsaxeobac. or possibly goat milk. Cheese ripening is carried out in kobi mzaddeba Zroxis moxdili an nawilobriv Guda – a bag made of sheep, goat or calf skin, which moxdili rZisgan, romelsac ureven cxvris rZes. kobi must be trimmed from inside. Milk for producing Guda cheese is obtained in eastern Georgia, particularly in cilindris formis yvelia, odnav gaweuli gverde the regions of Kakheti, Lower Kartli, Samtskhe-Ja- biT, horizontaluri zedapiriT da qerqis gareSe. am vakheti and Mtskheta-Mtianeti. saxeobis yvels odnav mocxaro gemo gamoarCevs. According to the Georgian Cheese Association, the guda Zroxis, cxvrisa da, SesaZloa, Txis rZiT only reason why Georgian cheese had not been famous among the world cheeses was Soviet regulations. How- damzadebuli yvelia, romelic cxvris, Txis an xbos ever, Georgian Cheese Project Manager Ana Mikadze- tyavisgan damzadebul gudaSi mwifdeba ise, rom Chikvaidze believes that it is regretful for the rest of gakreWili bewvi aucileblad gudis Sida mxares the world rather than vice versa. “Those standards, unda iyos moqceuli. gudas dasamzadeblad saWiro which are introduced in cheese production today, rZe aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi, kerZod ki kaxeTis, are quite clear and acceptable for Georgian pro- 62 aRmoaCine saqarTvelo DISCOVER GEORGIA

qvemo qarTlis, samcxe-javaxeTisa da mcxeTa-mTiane- ducers. We choose the EU standards and along Tis regionebSi miiReba. with introducing these standards we will gain the foothold in the cheese world quite soon”, says Ana qarTuli yvelis asociaciaSi amboben, rom erTa Mikadze-Chikvaidze. derTi mizezi, ris gamoc qarTul yvels msoflios Chogi, Tenili, Acharuli Chlechili, Meskhuri Chechili, yvelTa Soris cnobadobis maRali xarisxi ar hqon- Sulguni, Megruli Sulguni, Svanuri Sulguni, Kobi, Guda, da, sabWoTa regulaciebi iyo. Tumca, proeqtis `qar Tushuri Guda, Imeruli Kveli, Kartuli Kveli and Dam- Tuli yveli~ xelmZRvaneli _ ana miqaZe-CikvaiZe balkhacho – all these types of Georgian cheeses are fiqrobs, rom es ufro danarCeni msofliosTvisaa already protected by the status of geographical indications meaning that this is the product, which can be

dasanani, vidre piriqiT. `standartebi, romlebic produced exclusively in Georgia. dRes dawesebulia yvelis warmoebaSi, qarTveli mewarmisTvis savsebiT gasagebi da misaRebia. Cven virCevT evrokavSiris standartebs da, maTi danerg CHURCHKHELA vis Sesabamisad, Zalian male davimkvidrebT adgils Churchkhela – Unlike cheese, it is the product which yvelis samyaroSi~, _ ambobs ana miqaZe-CikvaiZe. has no analogs throughout the world. Churchkhela is made from walnut and grape juice; it is the most fa- Cogi, tenili, aWaruli CleCili, mesxuri CeCili, vorite candy in Georgia and gains increasing popularity sulguni, megruli sulguni, svanuri sulguni, kobi, outside the country. Today, it can even be purchased guda, TuSuri guda, imeruli yveli, qarTuli yveli through Amazon’s website. Before that, the process of da dambalxaWo _ qarTuli yvelis yvela am saxeobas dipping walnut halves in grape juice was discovered on clay plates dated the 2nd century BC. Clay plates and geografiuli aRniSvnis statusi ukve icavs. rac imas special clay vessels used by the ancient Georgians to niSnavs, rom es aris produqcia, romlis warmoebac store Churchkhela were discovered by archaeologists mxolod da mxolod saqarTveloSia SesaZlebeli. when excavating ancient graves. According to historical sources, the country of vine- foto: `qarTuli yvelis“ arqividan CurCxela growing and wine-making has a long history of prepa- Photo: From archives of “Georgian Cheese“ CurCxela yvelisgan gansxvavebiT, iseTi produq- ration of Tatara (grape juice thickened with flour) and tia, romlis analogi msoflioSi ar moiZebneba. is Churchkhela. According to the legend, Georgian soldiers traditionally carried Churchkhela on their cam- nigvziTa da yurZnis wveniT damzadebuli tkbileu- paigns. Moreover, Churchkhela traditionally is a part lia, romelic saqarTveloSi yvelas uyvars, qveynis of Georgian shepherds’ meals. It is extremely calorific; shutterstock.com Photo: shutterstock.com foto -

63 aRmoaCine saqarTvelo DISCOVER GEORGIA

CurCxela saqpatentis mier 2011 wels daregistrirda, rogorc geografiuli aRniSvna. Churchkhela was registered by Sakpatenti in 2011 as a geographical indication.

foto: goga Canadiri Photo: Goga Chanadiri

gareT ki mzard popularobas iZens. dRes misi SeZena hence, its nutritional value is high. Just these proper- SesaZlebelia internetgayidvebis umsxvilesi kom- ties prompted soldiers and shepherds “to make friends” paniis `amazonis~ vebgverdis saSualebiTac. `ama- with Churchkhela. Churchkhela contains large amount of carbohy- zonamde~ ki CurCxelas amovlebis procesi Cv.w. aR- drates – glucose and fructose. Glucose is one of the mde II saukuniT daTariRebul Tixis firfitebze most important sources of supplying human body with moxvda. Tixis firfitebi da Tixisave specialuri energy. Condensed grape juice from which Tatara and WurWeli, romelSic Zveli qarTvelebi CurCxelas Churchkhela is made contains large amount of antioxi- inaxavdnen, arqeologebma uZvelesi samarxebis dants, organic acids, micro and macro elements, potas- sium, phosphorus, iron and magnesium. gaTxrebisas aRmoaCines. Churchkhela is the best means for feeding the cardi- istoriuli wyaroebi cxadyofs, rom mevenaxe- ac muscle. Badagi (condensed grape juice) and walnuts obisa da meRvineobis qveyanaSi TaTarisa da CurC regulate acid-alkaline balance in the body, thus having xelis damzadebas didi xnis tradicia aqvs. gadmo- a positive effect on blood producing organs. Just there- cemis Tanaxmad, CurCxela yovelTvis Tan mihqondaT fore, doctors prescribe grape juice, Tatara and Church- khela to the patients with anemia. Specific properties of saomrad mimaval qarTvelebs. misTvis dResac mudam Churchkhela are largely determined by walnuts, which moiZebneba adgili mTieli mwyemsebis sagzalSi. sak- have been recognized by scientists as brain food. Tatara maod kaloriulia da, aqedan gamomdinare, maRalia made from grape juice is a natural remedy for insomnia. misi, rogorc sakvebi produqtis, energetikuli Ri- Thus, Churchkhela, a string of walnut halves dipped rebulebac. mebrZolebi da mwyemsebi CurCxelasTan in grape juice called Tatara, was registered by Sakpaten- ti in 2011 as a geographical indication. According to le- swored am Tvisebis gamo `megobroben~. gal regulations, Churchkhela is “a national brand” and CurCxela didi raodenobiT Seicavs advilad respectively, high quality and special properties of the asaTvisebel naxSirwylebs _ glukozasa da fruqto- product should be protected by the state. The docu- zas. glukoza ki adamianis organizmis energiiT mom- ments give a detailed description of geographical ar- maragebeli erT-erTi mniSvnelovani wyaroa. kargad eas, where the raw materials necessary for preparing Churchkhela should be extracted, as well as the rule naxarSi yurZnis wveni, romlisganac TaTara da Cur- of its preparation and visual and gustatory properties. Cxela mzaddeba, didi raodenobiT Seicavs antioqsi- Thus, Churchkhela is a Georgian product and it is dantebs, organul mJavebs, mikro da makroelement- authentic only if it is produced in Georgia. 64 aRmoaCine saqarTvelo DISCOVER GEORGIA

ebs, kaliums, fosfors, rkinasa da magniums. CurCxela gulis kunTsac SesaniSnavad kvebavs. BORJOMI badagi da kakali awesrigebs mJava-tutovan balanss Borjomi is a mineral water of volcanic origin, one of organizmSi, ris gamoc dadebiTad moqmedebs sisx- the most famous Georgian brands abroad, which has lmbad organoebze. swored amitom, eqimebi anemiis unique health properties. The Borjomi spring is located dros pacientebs urCeven yurZnis wvens, TaTarasa in the Caucasus Mountains at an altitude of 850–2500m above sea level and is extracted from the wells located da CurCxelas. gansakuTrebul Tvisebebs sZens CurC in the Borjomi Nature Reserve. Almost 2000 years ago xelas kakali, romelic mecnierebma tvinis sakvebad there were bathes made of stone and wood in the Bor- aRiares. yurZnis ZliernaxarSi wvenisgan momzadebu- jomi Valley. Some scientists suppose that formerly Bor- li TaTara uZilobis bunebrivi wamalicaa. jomi was used just for bathing purposes. Borjomi was Zafze asxmuli nigozi an Txili, amovlebuli first used as drinking water in 1825 by the soldiers of Russian Empire. Russian soldiers were the first to have yurZnis wvenis fafaSi, saxelwodebiT `CurCxela~ tasted the warm water from the spring. Later, they took saqpatentis mier 2011 wels daregistrirda, rogorc some water to Colonel Popov, who suffered from stom- geografiuli aRniSvna. samarTlebrivi regulaciis ach disease. Seeing positive results, Popov ordered the mixedviT, `CurCxela~ nacionaluri brendia da Sesa- construction of rock walls around the spring as well as bamisad, produqtis maRali xarisxi da gansakuTreb- a small cottage house for himself. uli Tvisebebi daculi unda iyos saxelmwifos mier. In 1834, military doctor Amirov started to examine dokumentebSi detaluradaa aRwerili CurCxelis the Borjomi mineral water. He was the first to have described health properties of this mineral water, sending damzadebisTvis saWiro nedleulis mopovebis geo- the first results of analysis to St. Petersburg and Mos- grafiuli areali, misi damzadebis wesi da gemovnuri cow. The healing effects of Borjomi water became so Tu vizualuri maxasiaTeblebi. ase rom, CurCxela famous that Governor General Yevgeni Golovin brought qarTulia da is mxolod im SemTxvevaSia namdvili, his sick daughter to the springs for treatment. In light Tu saqarTveloSia damzadebuli. borjomi foto: goga Canadiri borjomi vulkanuri warmoSobis mineraluri Photo: Goga Chanadiri wyali, erT-erTi yvelaze cnobili qarTuli brendi ucxoeTSi, romelic unikaluri sasargeblo Tvise- bebiT gamoirCeva. is zRvis donidan 850-2500 metris simaRleze, kavkasiis mTebSi iRebs saTaves da borjomis nakrZalis WaburRilebidan moipoveba. TiTq- mis 2000 wlis win, borjomis xeobaSi qvisa da xisgan gakeTebuli abanoebi arsebobda. zogierTi mecnieri varaudobs, rom adre borjoms swored abazanebisT- vis iyenebdnen. borjomis wyali sasmelad mxolod 1825 wels gamoiyenes ruseTis imperiis samxedro mosamsaxureebma. jariskacebma miwidan amomaval Tbil wyals jer Tavad gausinjes gemo, Semdeg ki polkovnik popovs miarTves, romelsac Turme kuWi awuxebda. polkovniks imdenad moswonebia borjomis wyali, rom wyaro qviT SemoaRobina da iqve axlos qoxi aaSenebina. 1834 wels samxedro eqimma amirovma borjomis wylis Seswavla daiwyo. man pirvelma aRwera mineraluri wylis sasargeblo Tvisebebi da sinjebi mos- kovsa da peterburgSi gagzavna. borjomis xeobaSi aRmoCenili saocari wylis ambavma miaRwia general- gubernator evgeni golovinamde, romelmac bor- jomSi samkurnalod qaliSvili gaagzavna. gogona daavadebisgan male ganikurna da mineraluri wylis pirvel wyarosac mis pativsacemad, `ekaterinski~ uwodes. XIX saukunis 40-ian wlebSi borjomma farTod vulkanuri warmoSobis mineraluri wyali unikaluri gaiTqva saxeli ruseTis imperiaSi. qalaqi borjomi sasargeblo TvisebebiT gamoirCeva. ki samTo-balneologiur kurortad Camoyalibda. A mineral water of volcanic origin is distinguished by 1890 wlidan borjomis wylis sawarmoo Camosxma unique healing properties. 65 aRmoaCine saqarTvelo DISCOVER GEORGIA

daiwyo. ramdenime weliwadSi ki borjomi ukve va- of the quick results of the treatment, he called the first gonebiT gahqondaT ruseTSi. 1913 wels borjomis spring Yekaterinsky after his daughter Yekaterina. eqsportma 9 milion boTls miaRwia. 1960 wlidan is In the 1840s Borjomi mineral water gained popular- sabWoTa kavSiris sazRvrebs gascda. 80-ian wlebSi ity in the Russian Empire for its curing effects, while the city of Borjomi was established as a mountain-balneo- ki pirveli brendi gaxda, romlis wiTel-TeTri eti logical resort. keti absoluturad cnobadi iyo mTeli sabWoTa kav- In 1890 the first bottling plant was opened, while a Siris teritoriaze. couple of years later the country started to export large dRes `borjomi~ 40 qveyanaSi iyideba. eqsporti amounts of Borjomi to Russia. In 1913 export of Bor- warmoebuli produqciis 70%-s Seadgens. `borjomis~ jomi mineral water amounted to 9 million bottles. Since popularoba absoluturad bunebrivia, radgan vul- 1960 Borjomi exports have gone beyond the limits of the Soviet Union. In the eighties, it became the first kanuri warmoSobis mineralebis unikaluri kompleq brand with a red and while label extremely popular on si, romelsac borjomi Seicavs, organizmis gamwmen- the entire territory of the Soviet Union. di, nivTierebaTa cvlis momwesrigebeli, mJava-tute Today Borjomi is sold in 40 countries. 70 percent balansis aRmdgeni efeqtiT gamoirCeva. unikaluri of produced water is exported. The popularity of Bor- Sedegi aqvs nabaxusevze, xolo masSi Semavali fto- jomi mineral water is absolutely natural, because the risa da iodis ionebi kariesis warmoSobis safrTxes unique complex of minerals of volcanic origin present in amcirebs. 170 welze metia borjomis sabados mudmi- Borjomi helps clean the organism, regulate metabolism and restore acid-alkaline balance. It has unique effects vad akvirdebian geologebi da qimikosebi, romelTa on hangover, while fluorine and iodine ions present in kvlevebi adasturebs, rom mineraluri wylis tem- it reduce the risk of dental caries. It is over 170 years peratura, fizikuri da qimiuri Tvisebebi zustad already that geologists and chemists have been con- iseTivea, rogoric iyo aRmoCenis dros... stantly monitoring the Borjomi deposit. Their research imaSi, rom borjomi saukuneebs gauZlebs, mec- confirms that mineral water temperature, physical and chemical properties are the same as when discovered… nierebis garda, darwmunebuli iyo genialuri re- Besides the scientists, a famous Russian filmmaker, Jisori andrei tarkovskic. filmis „soliaris“ Andrey Tarkovsky was also sure that Borjomi will out- gadaRebisas, konferenciis scenaSi, romelic scena- live centuries. When shooting a film Solaris, in a con- ris mixedviT Soreul momavalSi xdeboda, magidaze ference scene, which according to the scenario occurs „borjomis“ boTli dgas. Turme, gadamRebi jgufis in the far future, there is a bottle of Borjomi standing wevrebi „borjomis“ etiketis damalvas iTxovdnen, on the table. The film crew members demanded to hide the label from cameras as the action was taking place moqmedeba xom Soreul momavalSi xdeboda. andrei in the far future. But Andrey Tarkovsky insisted that the tarkovskim etiketis gamoCena daJinebiT moiTxova. label had to be seen. He was absolutely sure that time mas eWvi ar epareboda, rom „borjoms“ dro verafers would cause no harm to Borjomi. daaklebda.

foto: goga Canadiri Photo: Goga Chanadiri

66 foto: goga Canadiri Photo: Goga Chanadiri

borjomis wyali kavkasiis mTebSi iRebs saTaves da borjomis foto: goga Canadiri nakrZalis WaburRilebidan moipoveba. Photo: Goga Chanadiri The Borjomi spring is located in the Caucasus Mountains and is extracted from the wells located in the Borjomi67 Na- ture Reserve. babluanebis kino CINEMA OF THE BABLUANIS

sofo kvintraZe SOPHIE KVINTRADZE

„vercxlis daTvi“ berlinis kinofestivalze, SILVER BEAR AT THE BERLIN FILM FESTIVAL, GOLDEN LION „oqros lomi“ saukeTeso debiutisTvis veneciaSi, FOR THE BEST DEBUT IN VENICE, GRAND-PRIX AT SUNDANCE gran-pri sandensis kinofestivalze, qarTveli re- FILM FESTIVAL, GEORGIAN DIRECTOR’S FIRST STEPS IN HOL- Jisoris pirveli nabijebi holivudSi – yvela es jil- LYWOOD – ALL THESE AWARDS OR SUCCESS END UP AT ONE do Tu warmateba erT misamarTze iyris Tavs. es bab- PLACE, IN THE FAMILY OF THE BABLUANIS, ALL OF THE MEM- luanebis ojaxia – ojaxi, romlis yvela wevrma Tavi BERS OF WHICH HAVE DEDICATED THEMSELVES TO CINEMA. kinos miuZRvna.

Temuri TEMUR rodesac vaxsenebT gvars babluans, vgulisxmobT By mentioning the name Babluanis we mean cin- kinos _ es naTqvami sulac ar JRers xmamaRla. qarTu- ema, which is in no way an over-statement. Georgian li kino Temur babluanis gareSe warmoudgenelia. cinema is unimaginable without Temur Babluani. Films associated with the name of this director are the ones filmebi, romlebic am reJisoris saxels ukavSird- that all generations of the Georgian audience favor and eba nacnobi da sayvarelia qarTveli mayureblis are familiar with. yvela TaobisTvis. The Flight of Sparrows, Brother, the Sun of the „beRurebis gadafrena“, „Zma“, „uZinarTa mze“ _ Sleepless – in addition to being remarkable, completely garda imisa, rom SesaniSnavi, sruliad gansxvavebu- different and original works of a director, they are very li da originaluri sareJisoro namuSevrebia, imde- Georgian, to the extent that they leave an indelible nad qarTulia, rom maTi erTxel naxvac sakmarisia, mark even on first-time viewers. And it is not by acci- rom waruSleli kvali datovos mayurebelze. „qar dent that I’ve mentioned Georgian. This is a genuinely Tuli“ SemTxveviT ar mixsenebia. es aris namdvili Georgian cinema that gained international recognition, qarTuli kino, romelmac saerTaSoriso aRiareba surpassed boundaries of the Soviet cinema and right- moipova, romelic gascda sabWoTa kinos farglebs fully occupied a place in European cinematography. da sruliad samarTliani adgili daimkvidra evro- Among many awards of Temur Babluani one of the pul kinematografSi. most important is the Silver Bear from the Berlin Film Temur babluanis uamrav jildos Soris erT-er- Festival that the Sun of the Sleepless was awarded in 1993. This is an amazing history of a family filled Ti yvelaze mniSvnelovani berlinis kinofestiva- with sadness and humor at the same time. Members of lis „vercxlis daTvia“, romelic „uZinarTa mzem“ the family are different from one another but they are 1993 wels miiRo. es aris saocari sevdiT da amave fighting for the same cause. Georgian audience fell in dros iumoriT aRsavse istoria ojaxisa, romlis love with the movie so much that everyone can quote yvela wevric erTmaneTisgan gansxvavebuli da, amave dialogues and songs from the movie.

68 saavtoro ufleba COPYRIGHT dros, erTi saqmisTvis me- brZolia. filmi imdenad Seiyvara qarTvelma ma yurebelma, rom „uZinarTa mzis“dialogebi Tu simRe- ra yvelam zepirad icis. Temur babluanis fil mebi sabWoTa periodSia gadaRebuli, Tumca, is im reJisorTa ricxvs miekuT- vneba, romelic sabWoTa esTetikas gverds uvlida da sruliad axlebur kinos qmnida. Tumca, wesi wesi iyo da iseve, rogorc sxva reJisorebis, misi filmebic jer moskovSi unda daemtkicebinaT da berlinis kinofestivalis „vercxlis daTvi“ „uZinarTa mzem“ mxolod Semdeg gamodioda kinoekranebze. iyo cen- 1993 wels miiRo. zuris faqtebic. magaliTad, rodesac `Zma~ moskovSi Sun of the Sleepless was awarded Silver Bear from the Berlin Film Festival in 1993. naxes, filmisgan ramdenime scena amoWres. Even though Temur Babluani’s movies have been Temuris qaliSvili oliko babluani ixsenebs, made during the Soviet times, he is one of those direc- rom aseTi momentebi gansakuTrebiT rTuli gadasa- tors who circumvented the Soviet esthetics and created tani iyo reJisorisTvis. misi da, Sesabamisad, mTeli a brand new cinema. However, rules applied to every- ojaxis cxovreba xom mTlianad kinoTi iyo moculi. one and Temur Babluani, like any other director in the `kinoSi vcxovrobdiT, realobas mowyvetilebi vi- Soviet Union, had to have his films first approved in Moscow. After the approval they could be released for yaviT, mama sul filmebs gvayurebinebda. maxsovs showing in cinema houses. Sometimes his films were rogor velodebodiT ìluzions~ _ kargi fil- censored, e.g. when they saw Brother in Moscow, they mis sanaxavad oTxives Cagvamwkrivebda televizor- demanded cutting out of certain scenes. Tan. xSirad davyavdiT gadasaReb moedanzec. `Zmas~ Temur’s daughter Oliko Babluani recalls that such roca iRebdnen kaxeTSi, alaverdSi Cven cxenebs moments were particularly hard for the director to han- davaqrolebdiT~, _ ixsenebs oliko babluani. dle. Life of the whole family was surrounded by cinema. “We lived in cinema, detached from the reality. Our Temurma momavali meuRle Teatralur insti- father had us watch movies all the time. I remember tutSi gaicno. lia babluanic profesiiT msax- waiting for the Illusion. He would have us seat in front iobia. Temur babluani meuRlesTan da 4 SvilTan of the TV to watch a good movie. He often took us to erTad mTawmindaze, aleqsandre WavWavaZis quCaze movie sets too. When they were shooting Brother in cxovrobda. bavSvebi italiuri ezosTvis damaxasi- Alaverdi, Kakheti, we were riding on horses”, – Oliko Babluani recalls. aTebel Tbilisur atmosferoSi izrdebodnen. 90- Temur met his future wife in the Institute of The- iani wlebis rTul periodSi maTTvis kino namdvili atre. Lia Babluani was a professional actor. Temur Bab- TavSesafari iyo, jadosnuri samyaro, sadac TiToeu- luani lived with his wife and four children on Aleksan- li babluani Tavs ise grZnobda, rogorc Tevzi wyal dre Chavchavadze Street in Mtatsminda. Children grew Si. bavSvebi iseT garemoSi gaizardnen, rom aravis up in an atmosphere characteristic to Italian yards in gahkvirvebia, roca wlebis Semdeg, oTxive babluanma Tbilisi. During the most difficult times of the 90s cinema was their shelter – a magic world where each Babluani _ olikom, gelam, giorgim da sonam Tavisi moRvaweo- felt comfortable, like a fish in the sea. As children they bis sferod kino airCia. grew up in such environment that no one was surprised ùZinarTa mzis~ ekranebze gamosvlidan zustad when all four Babluanis – Iliko, Gela, Giorgi and Sona sami wlis Semdeg, Temur babluani meuRlesTan da chose to pursue careers in cinema. oTx SvilTan erTad emigraciaSi safrangeTSi gaem Three years after the Sun of the Sleepless appeared in cinemas, Temur Babluani immigrated to France to- gzavra. babluanebis parizuli cxovreba 1996 wli- gether with his wife and three children. Parisian life of dan iwyeba. bavSvebs axal garemosTan adaptacia ar the Babluanis started in 1996. Children easily adapted gasWirvebiaT, kulturulma da materialurma Sokma to the environment, cultural and material shock was male gaiara da babluanebma axali cxovreba daiwyes. soon over and the Babluanis started a new life. 69 saavtoro ufleba COPYRIGHT gela GELA mamis gzas Tavidanve gahyva gela babluani. Temur Gela Babluani followed his father’s path from the very beginning. Temur Babluani used to say about him: babluani ambobda `cota ucnauri biWia, aravin icis “he is a bit strange, no one knows what he’s going to rodis ras gadawyvetso~.marTlac, am ucnaurma biWma decide and when”. Indeed, this strange boy made his Tavisi sadebiuto namuSevriT _ `13~ mTeli msoflio first debut movie“13” that made everyone talking. aalaparaka. “I started writing the script for “13” when I was 19 `13~-is scenaris wera 19 wlis rom viyavi, maSin years old. I incorporated strong emotions and feel- daviwye da masSi imdroindeli mZafri emociebi da ings in it that I experienced at that time. I had a dif- SegrZnebebi Cavde. bavSvoba rTul wlebSi gavatare, ficult childhood, great competition, everyone bearing a weapon in the streets and hiding it. An ordinary person iyo didi konkurencia, Sejibri. yoveli meore quCa- could just turn into a warrior in a split of a second. Si iaraRiT dadioda, magram malavda. Cveulebrivi These are the emotions that I drew on when writing adamiani erT wamSi gadaiqceoda mebrZolad. am emo- “13”. It would have been stupid to say that the work of ciebiT davwere `13~. sisulele iqneba imis mtkiceba, my father, Temur Babluani did not influence my movies. rom mamaCemis _ reJisor Temur babluanis gavlena Journalists often compare me to Orson Wells, Fellini, Cems filmebze ar igrZnoba. Jurnalistebi xSirad Tarantino. The most ridiculous thing is that they com- madareben orson uelss, felinis, tarantinos. rac pared me to Robert Rodriguez only because in French yvelaze sasaciloa, robert rodrigess mxolod imi- version of “13” I casted all of my family members”, – tom Semadares, rom `13~-is frangul versiaSi mTeli says Gela Babluani. Indeed, all of his family participated in making of Cemi ojaxi gadaviRe“, _ ambobs gela babluani. the movie. His elder brother, Giorgi played leading role, filmis gadaRebebSi marTlac mTeli ojaxi monaw- Oliko and Temur Babluanis played episodic roles. ileobda, umcrosi Zma _ giorgi mTavar rols as- “We all participated in making of the movie as we rulebda, oliko da Temur babluani epizodur ro- wanted it to be of high artistic value, a good movie; lebSi iyvnen. however, 90 percent of the job was certainly done by Gela”, – says Oliko Babluani. `filmis SeqmnaSi yvela erTad vmonawileobdiT Number thirteen turned out to be successful for imitom, rom gvindoda marTlac maRali mxatvruli Gela Babluani. A black-and-white movie with original Rirebulebis, kargi kino gamosuliyo, magram, ra script, high-quality production, individualism and pro- Tqma unda, 90 procenti saqmisa gelam gaakeTa~, _ am- fessionalism of actors captivated everyone. It received bobs oliko babluani. a number of prestigious awards in Europe, including ricxvi `13~ gela babluanisTvis bednieri aR- the Golden Lion for the Best First Feature at the Venice Film Festival. It was also successful in the US. Gela moCnda. Sav-TeTrma filmma, originaluri scenariT, Balbuani’s work was awarded grand-prix at Sundance maRali klasis sareJisoro xelweriT, individu- International Film Festival of independent movies. alizmiTa da msaxiobebis ostaturi TamaSiT yvela moxibla.evropaSi filmma araerTi prestiJuli `13~ veneciisa da sandensis kinofestivalebis laureati jildo miiRo, maT Soris òqros lomi~ saukeTeso gaxda. “13” was awarded by Venice and Sundance film festivals.

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`13~-is holivuduri versia ekranebze 2010 wels gamovida. Hollywood remake of “13” hit the screens in 2010.

sareJisoro debiutisTvis veneciis kinofesti- Success of “13” opened Gela Babluani’s path to Hollywood. valze. filmi warmatebuli aRmoCnda SeerTe- European version of the movie was released in 2005. Then bul StatebSic, damoukidebeli kinos mTavar the director received an offer from American producers for saerTaSoriso kinofestivalze `sandens~ gela remake of the movie. In 2010 a completely different “13” was released. Director of the American movie is still Gela Babluani babluanis namuSevarma gran-pri daimsaxura. while actors are Hollywood stars, including Jason Statham, filmis `13~ warmatebam gela babluans ho- Mickey Rourke, Sam Riley. Critics and journalists have stated livudisken gauxsna gza. am filmis evropuli that Gela Babluani offered a brand new and different vision to versia ekranebze 2005 wels gamovida. Semdeg, Hollywood. He currently lives in the US, already working on reJisorma amerikeli prodiuserebisgan mi- his new project that will soon be announced. iRo SeTavazeba misi rimeiqis gadasaRebad. 2010 In between the two “13” there was a Heritage, a movie wels mayurebelma sul sxva `13~ ixila. ameri- released in 2006. It is a joint work of the father and the son. kuli filmis reJisori kvlav gela babluania, The Babluanis go back to their native land, Svaneti and tell Tumca, msaxiobebi amjerad arian holivudis us about ancient traditions of the mountains. It is a story about a practice of blood revenge and one strange fact. The varskvlavebi _ jeison stethemi, miki rurki, sem story takes an unexpected turn in a way that it is impossible raili da sxvebi. kritikosebma da Jurnalisteb- for audience not to react. The filmHeritage is not lacking the ma aRiares, rom gela babluanma sruliad axali strong emotions inherent to all Babluani movies. da gasxvavebuli xedva SesTavaza holivuds. Ta- vad gelasTvis ki, es mxolod axali cxovrebis amerikuli `13~-is reJisori kvlav gela babluania, msaxiobebi ki da moRvaweobis dasawyisia. amJamad is amerikaSi holivudis varskvlavebi _ jeison stethemi, miki rurki, sem raili. cxovrobs da ukve muSaobs axal proeqtze, rom- Director of the American “13” is still Gela Babluani while actors lis Sesaxebac male gaxdeba cnobili. are Hollywood stars, including Jason Statham, Mickey Rourke, Sam Riley. or `13~ Soris iyo `memkvidreoba~ _ filmi, romelic 2006 wels gamovida, mama-Svilis Temur da gela babluanebis erToblivi namuSevaria. aq babluanebi TavianT mSobliur kuTxes _ svaneTs ubrundebian da mTis uZvelesi tradiciebis Sesaxeb gviyvebian. filmi sisxlis aRebis we- sisa da erTi Zalian ucnauri faqtis Sesaxeb mogviTxrobs. misi siuJeti imdenad moulodne- lad viTardeba, rom SeuZlebelia mayurebeli gulgrili darCes. mZafri emociebi, romelic babluanebis yvela filmisTvis aris damaxasia Tebeli, arc `memkvidreobas~ aklia.

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giorgi `memkvidreobaSic~ da `13~-Sic mTavari rolebi giorgi `memkvidreobaSic~ da `13~-Sic mTavari rolebi babluanma Seasrula. giorgi babluanma Seasrula. giorgis samsaxiobo Giorgi Babluani played leading roles both in the Heritage debiuti `13~-Si Sedga, sadac man SesaniSnavad gaarTva and “13”. saqmes Tavi da axalgazrda sebastianis fsiqologiu- rad rTuli da saintereso personaJi Seqmna. rodesac GIORGI gela babluani am filmis gadaRebebs iwyebda, giorgi Giorgi Babluani played leading roles both in the am dros samsaxiobo kursebze swavlobda da, rogorc Heritage and “13”. Very first role that he ever played Tavad ixsenebs, mTavari roli martivad sulac ar was in 13, which he handled remarkably and created miuRia. manac iseve, rogorc aseulobiT adamianma, a psychologically complex and interesting character of young Sebastian. At the time Gela Babluani was start- kastingi gaiara da rolze ar aiyvanes. diax, gela ing to shoot the movie, Giorgi was in acting school and babluanma umcrosi Zma mTavar rolze ar daamtkica. as he recalls, it was not easy for him to get the leading Tumca, filmis prodiuserebi giorgis eubnebod- role. He had to go through the casting like hundreds nen, rom gela mis kandidaturaze bevrs fiqrobda, of other individuals but did not get the role. That’s radgan yvelas erTxmad moswondaT giorgi sebastia- right, Gela Babluani did not give the role to his younger nis rolze. ramdenime kviriani fiqris Semdeg gelam brother. However, as film producers were telling Giorgi, Zmas gadaRebebis dawyebamde ramdenime saaTiT adre Gela was contemplating his candidacy a lot as he had a daureka da uTxra, rom rolze damtkicebuli iyo. unanimous support, everyone liked him for the role of Sebastian. After weeks of contemplation Gela called his giorgis samsaxiobo debiutic warmatebuli aR- brother several hours before the shooting began and moCnda, dRes mas cnobil frang reJisorebTan uwevs told him that he got the role. muSaoba da araerTi saintereso roli aqvs Sesrule- Giorgi’s debut turned out to be successful and he is buli. now working with a renowned French directors. He has played many interesting roles. oliko OLIKO Tavisi pirveli sareJisoro namuSevrisTvis emzadeba oliko babluanic. profesiiT msaxiobi, Oliko Babluani was introduced most recently in a romelic mayurebelma sul axlaxan axal qarTul Georgia in movie Keep Smiling. She is a professional actor but is now planning to shoot her own movie and filmSi `gaiRimeT~ ixila, Tavadac apirebs kinos is getting ready for her first work as a director. Oliko is gadaRebas. oliko proeqtis mxolod mcire detalebs willing to disclose slightest details of the project, say- gvimxels. misi TqmiT, istoria iwyeba saqarTveloSi ing that the story starts in Georgia and ends in France. da mTavrdeba safrangeTSi. es aris erTi qalis am- This is a story of a woman who wants to go abroad and bavi, romelsac sazRvargareT wasvla da warmatebis achieve success. Oliko herself defines success as being miRweva surs. Tavad olikosTvis warmateba saqmis good at what you do. She never agrees to simple roles, kargad keTebaa. is arasodes Tanxmdeba martivad rather she prefers complex and interesting roles, even Sesasrulebel rolebze. urCevnia akeTos rTuli da if it’s not a leading role. 72 saavtoro ufleba COPYRIGHT saintereso rolebi, Tundac es ar iyos mTa- vari roli. rusudan Wyonias filmSi `gaiRimeT~, oliko babluanma elenes roli Seasrula, devnili axalgazrda qalisa, romelmac Svili dakarga, sakuTar Tavze gamoscada omis ubedureba da axla TbilisSi devnilTa saerTo sacxovrebelSi cxovrobs. `aravis moundeba iyos elene Tundac naxevari saaTiT. Zalian rTuli adamiania.mkvdaria fsiqikurad, erT momentSi iRviZebs da am- Tavisi pirveli sareJisoro namuSevrisTvis emzadeba bobs, me unda gamoviRviZo an gadavrCebi an oliko babluanic. arao. samwuxarod, aseTi adamianebi arse- Oliko Babluani is getting ready for her first work as a director. boben Cvens irgvliv, am filmSi yvela per- sonaJi Zalian realisturia. rodesac saf- rangeTSi am filmis Cveneba Sedga, frangi In Rusudan Chkonia’s film Keep Smiling Oliko played role of kolegebi da Jurnalistebi CvenTan modiod- Elene, a young woman who lost her child, went through hard- nen da madlobas gvixdidnen imisTvis, rom ships of war and was living in settlement of internally displayed maT namdvili, cocxali qalebi vaCveneT~, persons in Tbilisi. “No one would want to be at Elene’s place ambobs oliko babluani. even for half an hour. She is a very complex individual. She is mentally dead. She wakes up one day and says – I need to babluanebs Zalian uxariaT, rom ojaxis wake up, I will either survive or not. Regrettably, there are many umcrosma Svilma sonamac kamera aiRo xel- people like her around us. All characters in this movie are very Si. marTalia, man samxatvro akademia daam- realistic. When they showed it in France, French colleagues and Tavra, mere mainc kinosken gauwia gulma da journalists kept coming to us, thanking for showing real, alive saoperatoroze iswavla. ukve gadaiRo Ta- women”, – says Oliko Babluani. visi pirveli moklemetraJiani mxatvruli The Babluanis are very happy that the youngest of the chil- filmi `ra gisurvo omamde~ da axla Semdegi dren, Sona also took a camera in her hands. Even though she proeqtebisTvis emzadeba. graduated from art academy, she later found that she was more `yvelani axalgazrdebi varT, bunebrivad attracted to cinema and started filmmaking. She has already moxda is, rom gadavwyviteT Tavi kinos mi- made her first short film entitled “What to Wish You before War” and is now getting ready for a new project. vuZRvnaT. yvelas gvaerTianebs miswrafeba SevqmnaT mxolod xarisxiani da Rirebuli “We are all young and it was only natural that we decided to dedicate ourselves to cinema. We are all united by aspiration to produqcia. yvelaferi ojaxidan modis, es create only quality and valuable production. It all comes from Zalian myaradaa CvenSi.rac ar unda moxdes, our family, and is deeply rooted in us. No matter what, no mat- sadac ar unda waxvide, Seni ojaxi mudam ter where you go, your family is always with you. This is how we, SenTanaa. Cven babluanebi ase varT, mTavari the Babluianis are. Family and work are what’s most important CvenTvis ojaxi da saqmea~, _ ambobs oliko for us”, – says Oliko Babluani. babluani.

saavtoro ufleba saavtoro ufleba vrceldeba mecnierebis, literaturisa da xelovnebis nawarmoebze, ro melic warmoadgens inteleqtualur-SemoqmedebiTi saqmianobis Sedegs, saavtoro ufleba nawarmoebze warmoiSoba Seqmnis momentidan. avtors an saavtoro uflebis sxva mflobels ufleba aqvs, nawarmoebis originalis an aslis deponireba ganaxorcielos saqpatentSi. de ponirebis damadasturebel mowmobaSi miTiTebuli piri miiCneva nawarmoebis avtorad/saav toro uflebis mflobelad, Tu ar arsebobs sawinaaRmdego dasabuTeba. COPYRIGHT Copyright shall apply to scientific, literary and artistic works which are the result of the intellectual and creative activity. Copyright is commenced upon its creation. The author or other copyright owner may deposit the original or a copy of a work with SAKPATENTI. Person indicated in a Deposition Certificate shall be deemed to be the author of the work, unless otherwise proven.

73 muzeumebSi daculi qarTuli saganZuri

GEORGIAN TREASURES PRESERVED IN MUSEUMS

sofo kvintraZe SOPHIE KVINTRADZE

saqarTvelos erovnuli muzeumi, Tavisi Georgian National Museum with its diverse and mravalferovani da mravalricxovani saganZuriT, abundant treasures clearly reflects a multi-century his- naTlad asaxavs Cveni qveynis mravalsaukunovan tory and culture of our country. A large museum com- istoriasa da kulturas. 2004 wels saqarTveloSi plex uniting 11 museums, 4 national galleries, 4 house Camoyalibda udidesi samuzeumo gaerTianeba, museums and 2 scientific research centers was estab- romelSic 11 muzeumi, 4 erovnuli galerea, 4 lished in Georgia in 2004. saxl-muzeumi da 2 samecniero-kvleviTi centria The National Museum keeps a lot of collections: old- gaerTianebuli. est human remains found in Eurasia, unique archaeo- erovnul muzeumSi Tavmoyrilia mravali logical and ethnographic items, natural history materials, rich heritage of Christian culture – chased and koleqcia: evraziaSi aRmoCenili uZvelesi adamianis painted icons, crosses, embroideries, porcelain enamel, naSTebi, unikaluri arqeologiuri da eTnografiuli as well as high quality eastern monuments, rich numis- nivTebi, bunebis istoriis amsaxveli masala, matic collection, exquisite gold and silver jewelry from qristianuli kulturis mdidari memkvidreoba _ the ancient land of Colchis, remarkable paintings of Weduri da ferweruli xatebi, jvrebi, naqargoba, Georgian and European artists of different time periods. tixruli minanqari, aseve, pirvelxarisxovani aRmosavluri Zeglebi, numizmatikis mdidari koleqcia, oqrosa da vercxlis natifi samkaulebi antikuri kolxeTidan, sxvadasxva drois qarTveli da evropeli mxatvrebis SesaniSnavi namuSevrebi. am yvelafris sanaxavad saqarTveloSi Camosul stumars erTi an ori dRe namdvilad ar eyofa, miT ufro Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom ramdenime muzeumi dedaqalaqis farglebs gareT mdebareobs. Tumca, drois daxarjva namdvilad Rirs, radgan is, rasac erovnuli muzeumis Ria Tu daxurul eqspoziciebSi naxavT, Tqvenze waruSlel STabeWdilebas moaxdens. simon janaSias saxelobis saqarTvelos istoriis muzeumSi, romelic TbilisSi, rusTavelis gamzirze mdebareobs, bunebisa da kacobriobis istoriis uni- kalur masalas ixilavT: 40 milioni wliT daTari- Rebul cxovelTa naSTebs, paleoliTis, neoliTis, brinjaos, liTonis xanaTa da Suasaukuneebis mdidar oqros lomis qandakeba _ Zv.w. III aTaswleuli Golden Lion statue – 3rd millennium BC 74 aRmoaCine saqarTvelo DISCOVER GEORGIA

oqros yelsabami _ IV s. sasafeTqleebi _ Zv.w. IV s. Golden necklace – 4th century Temple pendants – 4th century BC arqeologiur da eTnografiul koleqciebs. Only one or two days will not be enough for the visi- 2011 wels ramdenime wliani sareabilitacio tors of Georgia to view all these collections, especially as several museums are located outside the capital. samuSaoebi dasrulda da muzeumi ganaxlebuli However, it is worth spending time, because what you saxiT warsdga damTvaliereblebis winaSe. istoriis will see in closed or opened exhibition halls of the Na- muzeumSi mudmivmoqmedi gamofena _ „arqeologiuri tional Museum will have an indelible impression on you. saganZuri“ gelodebaT. Zv.w. mesame aTaswleulidan The Simon Janashia Museum of Georgia (formerly moyolebuli,unikaluri da ulamazesi eqsponatebi known as the State Museum of History of Georgia), mnaxvelze gansakuTrebul STabeWdilebas axdens. located at the Rustaveli Avenue in downtown Tbilisi, eqsponatebs Soris aris oqros samkaulebi, spilenZis exhibits a unique collection of natural and human his- da brinjaos Sromis iaraRebi, WurWeli da a.S. tory: animal fossils dated back to 40 million years, rich am gamofenis naxvis Semdeg, arasodes archaeological and ethnographic collections of the Pa- leolithic, Neolithic, Bronze, Iron as well as Middle Ages. dagaviwydebaT, magaliTad, lomis patara oqros qandakeba, romelic Zv.w. mesame aTaswleulSi iseTi The museum rehabilitation took several years and in 2011 the renovated museum welcomed back its sinatifiTaa Seqmnili, rom namdvilad iwvevs visitors. The museum presents a permanent exhibi- gaocebas. „arqeologiuri saganZuri“ aris masala, tion “Archaeological Treasure”. Unique and exquisite romelic istorikosebs saqarTvelos teritoriaze exhibits dated to the 3rd millennium BC have a special aTaswleulebis win mcxovrebi adamianebis yofisa impression on visitors. The latter have an opportunity da kulturis Sesaxeb umniSvnelovanes informacias to view golden jewelry, copper and bronze weapons, awvdis. vessels, etc. istoriis muzeumSia gamofenili bunebis istoriis After viewing this exhibition you will never forget, unikaluri koleqciac (geologiuri, botanikuri da for example, a small golden lion statue, which was cre- rd zoologiuri). ganaxlebuli eqspozicia, romelic ated back in the 3 millennium BC and which really causes astonishment. “Archaeological Treasure” is the warmoaCens kavkasiis regionis florasa da faunas, material which provides historians with the most im- gamoirCeva rogorc istoriuli, ise samecniero portant information about the lives and culture of hu- RirebulebiT. es eqsponatebi 1852 wlidan mans living on the Georgian soil millenniums ago. grovdeboda cnobili qarTveli mecnierebis mier The Simon Janashia Museum of Georgia also exhib- rogorc saqarTveloSi, ise mTel kavkasiaSi. bevrma its a unique collection of natural history (geological, koleqciam dReisaTvis raritetuli mniSvneloba botanical and zoological collections). The renovated ex- SeiZina. hibition showing flora and fauna species of the Cauca- erovnuli muzeumis mesame sarTulze sruliad sus region is remarkable for its historical and scientific values. These exhibits have been collected by famous

75 aRmoaCine saqarTvelo DISCOVER GEORGIA

Georgian scientists in Georgia and throughout the Cau- casus since 1852. A lot of exhibits have acquired a status of rare collections. You can also visit the newly established Museum of Soviet Occupation. It was founded in 2006 and is now located on the third floor of the National Museum. This permanent exhibition is an impressive reminder of the recent past. Here you can see over 3000 exhibits de- picting Russian occupation of Georgia, national-libera- tion movement and Soviet political repressions. Another unique treasure is waiting for you at the Shalva Amiranashvili Museum of Fine Arts. Georgian chased and goldsmith pieces presented here go beyond the country’s limits owing to their mastery, artistic solution and historical value and take a worthy place in the treasures of the world culture. What is most interesting, the Museum of Fine Arts exhibits the pieces of art oqros abzinda _ II-III s. created in the Early Bronze and Antique Hellenistic Age, th Golden buckle – 2nd-3rd century as well as in the Middle Ages and early 20 century. The Georgian Museum of Art hosts one of the richest and most unique collections of golden vitreous enamel, reserved in the precious metal collection. More than axali, 2006 wels daarsebuli sabWoTa okupaciis two hundred artifacts are presented in the exhibition; muzeumis daTvaliereba SegiZliaT. es mudmivmoqmedi half of these are reserved at Khakhuli triptych. The ex- eqspozicia aris saqarTvelos uaxlesi warsulis hibits cover VIII-XV centuries and help us have a clear STambeWdavi gaxseneba. aq naxavT bolSevikuri understanding of how developed this field of art was in ruseTis mier saqarTvelos okupaciis, erovnul- Georgia. ganmaTavisuflebeli moZraobisa da sabWoTa politikuri represiebis amsaxvel 3000-ze met eqsponats. Salva amiranaSvilis saxelobis xelovnebis muzeumSi kidev erTi unikaluri saganZuri gelodebaT. aq warmodgenili Weduri xelovnebisa da liTonmqandakeblobis nimuSebi saSemsruleblo ostatobiT, mxatvruli gadawyvetiTa da istoriuli RirebulebiT scildeba saqarTvelos farglebs da Rirseul adgils imkvidrebs msoflio kulturis saganZurSi. rac yvelaze sainteresoa, xelovnebis muzeumis saganZurSi SegiZliaT naxoT rogorc adrebrinjaosa da antikur-elinistur xanaSi, ise Sua saukuneebsa da meoce saukunis dasawyisSi Seqmnili xelovnebis nimuSebi. xelovnebis muzeumis Zvirfasi liTonebis fondSi daculi oqroze Sesrulebuli tixruli minanqris unikaluri koleqcia erT-erTi umdidresia mTel msoflioSi. am eqspoziciaSi 200-ze meti Zeglia warmodgenili, romelTagan naxevarze meti xaxulis karedzea daculi. eqsponatebi VIII-XV saukuneebs moicavs da mkafio warmodgenas gviqmnis imaze, Tu ramdenad maRal doneze iyo ganviTarebuli century BC xelovnebis es dargi saqarTveloSi. rd saqarTvelos erovnul muzeums 2004 wlidan cnobili qarTveli mecnieri, paleoanTropologi daviT lorTqifaniZe xelmZRvanelobs. swored misi menejmentis periodSi dainerga uamravi siaxle da dRemde mimdinareobs muzeumis modernizaciis

procesi. adamianis figura _ Zv.w. III s. Human Figurine – 3

76 aRmoaCine saqarTvelo DISCOVER GEORGIA

„muzeums sazogadoeba andobs Tavisi erovnuli zezva da mzia _ pirveli evropelebi saganZuris dacvas. es fasdaudebeli materialuri Zezva and Mzia – the first Europeans saganZuri muzeumma msoflio mecnierebisTvis Rirebul da xelmisawvdom codnis wyarod Since 2004 the National Museum of Georgia has unda aqcios. Cveni erT-erTi mizania, rogorc been led by famous Georgian scientist, paleoanthropol- droebiTi, ise mudmivi gamofenebis mowyoba da ogist Davit Lortkipanidze. Lots of novelties have been iseTi Tanamedrove, efeqturi iaraRis gamoyeneba, introduced under his management, while the process of modernization is still underway at the museum. rogoricaa media da axali teqnologiebi. muzeumi mravalfunqciuri dawesebulebaa, romelic mxars “The society trusts its national treasures to the museum. The museum should turn this invaluable material ubams Tanamedroveobas. saerTaSoriso samyaroSi treasure into valuable and available source of knowl- integraciis gareSe erovnuli muzeumis ganviTareba edge for the world science. One of our key goals is to SeuZlebeli iqneboda. arrange both temporary and permanent exhibitions and muzeumis erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi mimar to use modern and effective tools, such as media and Tulebaa mecnieruli kvleva. mecnierebis sazRvrebi new technologies. Museum is a multi-functional institu- arnaxuladaa gaxsnili, swored am saerTaSoriso tion, which keeps step with modernity. It will be abso- konkurenciaSi CarTva iyo Cveni mizani. ara mxolod lutely impossible to develop the National Museum without integration into the international world. Cveni warsulis gacnoba msofliosTvis da imis mtkiceba, rom saqarTvelo didi civilizaciis Scientific research is one of the most important di- rections of the museum. Scientific borders are opened mqone qveyanaa, aramed Cveni axali aRmoCenebis as much as possible. Our goal was just to get involved popularizacia da axali tipis samecniero in this international competition not only to acquaint centrebis Seqmna, sadac qarTvelebTan erTad the world with our past and to declare that Georgia is ucxoeli mecnierebic Caatareben kvlevebs. dmanisi the country of great civilization, but also to popularize aris saukeTeso magaliTi amisa. dmaniss, msoflio our new discoveries and create modern scientific cen- mniSvnelobis mqone aRmoCenis Semdeg, saerTaSoriso ters, where Georgian and foreign scientists will conduct yuradReba isedac ar moakldeboda, magram Cven their research jointly. Dmanisi is the best example of it. misi infrastruqturis ganviTarebaze vizruneT da After the internationally important discovery, Dmanisi misi saswavlo-kvleviTi centris wyalobiT, is Cveni would have never lacked international attention, but still we decided to further develop its infrastructure and qveynis elCia msoflio samecniero wreebSi“, _ ambobs owing to its educational-research center, it has become daviT lorTqifaniZe. an ambassador of our country among the world scientific circles”, Davit Lortkipanidze said. 77 yvela foto: saqarTvelos erovnuli muzeumis arqividan 78 All photos: From the archive of the National Museum of Georgia aRmoaCine saqarTvelo DISCOVER GEORGIA

dmanisis muzeum-nakrZali Tbilisidan 85 km-is daSorebiT mdebareobs. es aris unikaluri adgili saocari aRmoCenebiT, romlebic cvlis kacobriobis istorias da Cvens Sexedulebas adamianis evoluciis Sesaxeb. dmanisSi aRmoCenili hominidebisa da cxovelTa naSTebi, aseve, qvis iaraRebi daaxloebiT 1.8 milioni wliT TariRdeba. dmanisis Zeglis kvlevebis Sedegebma saerTaSo riso samecniero sazogadoebis didi gamoxmaureba gamoiwvia da sruliad Secvala manamde damkvidre- buli mosazreba hominidebis afrikidan evraziaSi TbilisTan, kus tbis ferdobze, saqarTvelos gadasaxlebis Sesaxeb. kuTxeebis mini modelis naxvaa SesaZlebeli. You can view mini models of all Georgian regions in saqarTveloSi Camosul stumrebs aucileblad the outskirts of Tbilisi on the slope of the Turtle Lake. vurCevT moinaxulon saqarTvelos mTianeTi, magaliTad, ulamazesi svaneTi, romelic mnaxvels pirvelive jerze atyvevebs Tavisi bunebiTa da Dmanisi Museum-Reserve is located 85 km away xuroTmoZRvruli ZeglebiT. 2013 wlis zafxulidan from Tbilisi. It is a unique place featuring amazing dis- ki svaneTSi ganaxlebuli muzeumic geliT. svaneTis coveries that are rewriting human history and trans- istoriisa da eTnografiis muzeumi TiTqmis sauku forming our view of human evolution. Hominid and animal fossils discovered in Dmanisi, as well as stone nes iTvlis. reabilitaciis Semdeg iq Tanamedrove weapons are dated back 1.8 million years. sagamofeno darbazebi moewyo, sadac SegiZliaT The Dmanisi monument research results have trig- naxoT rogorc svaneTSi aRmoCenili arqeologiuri gered a huge reaction from international scientific so- masala, ise qristianuli saganZuri. ciety and completely changed formerly existing opinion TbilisTan axlos, kus tbis ferdobze, TiTqmis 52 about resettlement of hominids from Africa to Eurasia. heqtar miwis farTobze saqarTvelos yvela kuTxis We firmly recommend the guests of our country to mini modelis naxva SegiZliaT. es eTnografiuli visit the mountain regions of Georgia, for example, muzeumia, romelic daarsda 1966 wels cnobili most beautiful Svaneti, which captivates visitors with eTnografis giorgi Citaias iniciativiT. its nature and architectural monuments. Since summer eTnografiul muzeumSi 14 eTnografiuli zonaa: 2013, a renovated museum has been waiting for you qarTli, samegrelo, aWara, afxazeTi, svaneTi, in Svaneti. The history of the Svaneti Museum of His- tory and Ethnography counts almost one century. Af- xevsureTi, kaxeTi, mesxeTi, javaxeTi, guria, imereTi, ter rehabilitation of the museum, exhibition halls were raWa da leCxumi. TiToeul zonaSi im kuTxisTvis equipped under modern standards, where you can view damaxasiaTebeli saxlebi da eTnografiul- archaeological materials discovered in Svaneti, as well materialuri kulturis amsaxveli eqsponatebia, as Christian treasures. magaliTad, sabrZolo da Sromis iaraRebi, You can view mini models of all Georgian regions in teqstiluri da keramikuli masala. the outskirts of Tbilisi, on the slope of the Turtle Lake, eTnografiuli muzeumi mTeli wlis ganmav- occupying almost 52 hectares of land. It is the Ethno- lobaSi maspinZlobs sxvadasxva saxis festivalebs, graphic Museum founded in 1966 by famous Georgian gamofenebsa da RonisZiebebs. aq, Ria cis qveS Sesa ethnographer Giorgi Chitaia. The museum covers 14 ethnographic zones: Kartli, Samegrelo, Adjara, Abkha- niSnavad daisvenebT da saqarTvelos yvela kuTxesac zia, Svaneti, Khevsureti, Kakheti, Meskheti, Javakheti, gaicnobT. Guria, Imereti, Racha and Lechkhumi. Each exhibit Znelia erT statiaSi mimoixilo yvela is presents a certain historic-ethnographic area of Geor- mniSvnelovani saganZuri, eqspozicia Tu muzeumi, gia. The museum exhibits various tools, textiles and romelic qarTuli kulturis ganuyofeli nawilia ceramics. da saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi iqmneboda. Cven axla Throughout the year the museum hosts different maTi dacva, msofliosTvis gaziareba da momavali festivals, exhibitions and events. Here, you can have a TaobebisTvis gadacema gvevaleba. good rest in the open air and get acquainted with various regions of Georgia. qarTul saganZurze saubars firosmanis xsenebis It is difficult to dedicate only one article to all those gareSe mainc ver davasrulebT. XIX-XX saukuneebis important treasures, exhibitions or museums, which mijnaze moRvawe qarTveli TviTnaswavli mxatvari are an integral part of Georgian culture and which were da misi Semoqmedeba did interess iwvevs. being created for centuries. Now, it is our major task to saqarTveloSi firosmanis namuSevrebis udidesi protect these treasures, to share them with the world koleqcia xelovnebis muzeumis sakuTrebaa, Tumca, and hand them over to our future generations. didi interesis gamo, gamofenebi xSirad imarTeba We cannot finish talking about Georgian treasures sxvadasxva sivrceSic. amJamad, erovnul galereaSi without mentioning Pirosmani. The outstanding Geor- 79 aRmoaCine saqarTvelo DISCOVER GEORGIA

warmodgenilia niko firosmanis, aseve, cnobili gian painter of XIX-XX centuries and his works have qarTveli mxatvrebis lado gudiaSvilisa da daviT never lost public interest. In Georgia, a large collection kakabaZis ganaxlebuli eqspoziciebi. garda amisa, of Pirosmani’s works is owned by the Museum of Fine erovnuli galereis sxva darbazebSi permanentulad Arts. However, considering huge public interest, exhibitions are frequently held in other places too. Currently, imarTeba rogorc qarTveli, ise ucxoeli the National Gallery presents the renewed exhibitions Tanamedrove mxatvrebis gamofenebi.

niko firosmanis namuSevrebis mudmivi eqspozi- of Niko Pirosmani, as well as famous Georgian artists ciaa siRnaRis muzeumSic. firosmani kaxeTSi, sofel Lado Gudiashvili and Davit Kakabadze. In addition, oth- mirzaanSi daibada da misi adreuli namuSevrebi am er halls of the National Gallery permanently host the regionis kulturas da suliskveTebas gamoxataven. exhibitions of modern Georgian and foreign artists. misi mxatvroba gamoirCeva TviTmyofadobiT da uaR- A permanent exhibition of Niko Pirosmani’s works resad mniSvnelovania ara mxolod qarTuli kul- is also presented in Signagi Museum. Pirosmani was born in the village of Mirzaani in Kakheti and his early turisTvis, aramed msoflio xelovnebisTvisac. works reflect the culture and spirit of this region. His Tanamedrove samyaroSi muzeumis koncefcia works are distinguished by national identity and are ex- Seicvala. is ukve aRar aris adgili, sadac tremely important not only for Georgian culture, but for damtverili eqsponatebis konservacia da mxolod the world art too. drodadro gamofena xdeba. dRes muzeumi urbanuli A concept of a museum has changed in modern cxovrebis nawili gaxda. iq misul damTvalierebels world. It no more represents a place, where dusty ex- sainteresosTan erTad, sasaimovno garemoc unda hibits are conserved and exhibited only from time to daxvdes. time. Today a museum has become a part of urban life. Visitors should be offered an interesting and pleasant `saqarTvelos erovnuli muzeumis moderniza atmosphere there. ci is mizniT, proeqtis „muzeumebis ubnis“ ganxor- “For the purpose of modernization of the Georgian cieleba igegmeba. am proeqtis ganxorcieleba saSu- National Museum, it is planned to implement a project alebas mogvcems, muzeumi gadavaqcioT Tanamedrove, “Museum District”. Implementation of this project will novatorul da kreatiul dawesebulebad, kultu- enable us to turn a museum into a modern, innova- ris im centrad, romelic aqtiurad iqneba CarTuli tory and creative institution, a center of culture, which urbanul da socialur qselSi“, _ ambobs erovnuli will be actively involved in urban and social networks”, muzeumis generaluri direqtori daviT lorTqi- Director General of the National Museum Davit Lortki- faniZe. panidze says. ramdenime wlis win berlinis muzeumebis kunZulma A couple of years ago, the Museum Island in Berlin united five museums under one system. By this, the xuTi muzeumi erT sistemad Camoayaliba. amiT Germans offered international museum circles and visi- germanelebma Senobebis dagegmarebis, koleqciebis tors a unique concept of planning the buildings, as well marTvisa da maTi eqsponirebis sruliad unikaluri as management and exhibition of collections. The Tbili- koncefcia SesTavazes rogorc saerTaSoriso si Museum District project is being implemented based samuzeumo wreebs, ise damTvaliereblebs. Tbilisis on German experience. The territory adjacent to the Si- 80 aRmoaCine saqarTvelo DISCOVER GEORGIA

svaneTis istoriisa da eTnografiis muzeumi TiTqmis muzeumebis ubnis proeqtic, swored am gamocdilebis saukunes iTvlis. gaTvaliswinebiT keTdeba. s. janaSias saxelobis The history of the Svaneti Museum of History and Ethnog- raphy counts almost one century. saqarTvelos istoriis muzeumis mimdebare teri toria saxes Seicvlis. proeqti erovnuli galereis, mon Janashia Museum of Georgia will be transformed. aleqsandres baRis, gudiaSvilis quCis, s. janaSiasa The project will cover the National Gallery, Alexander da S. amiranaSvilis saxelobis muzeumebsa da mim Garden, Gudiashvili Street, Janashia and Amiranashvili debare teritoriebs moicavs. transformacia ukve Museums and adjacent territories. Transformation has dawyebulia s. janaSias saxelobis muzeumSi, sadac already been launched at the Simon Janashia Museum e.w. ubileTo zonaSi gaixsna kafe da suvenirebis of Georgia, where a café and a gift shop have been maRazia. aRsaniSnavia, rom muzeumis Sida ezo xSirad opened in the so called “free ticket zone”. It should be manpinZlobs saintereso RonisZiebebs. samuzeumo noted that the museum’s courtyard frequently hosts interesting events. After full operation of a museum quCis srulad amoqmedebis Semdeg, es ezo erT-erT street, this courtyard will play one of the key connect- centralur, damakavSirebel rols Seasrulebs ing roles between the Rustaveli Avenue and the Gudi- rusTavelis gamzirsa da gudiaSvilis quCas Soris. ashvili Street.

81 inteleqtarqivi IP ARCHIVE

aleqsandre qarTveli – amerikuli samxedro aviaciis Semoqmedi ALEXANDER KARTVELI – CREATOR OF AMERICAN MILITARY AVIATION

sofo kvintraZe SOPHIE KVINTRADZE

„Cemi saqme yovelTvis udides bednierebas maniWebda. “My work always made me very happy. warmoidgineT, 2 an 3 weli axali TviTmfrinavis dizainze Just imagine, after working for two or three muSaob da bolosdabolos is gafrindeba _ am kmayofile years on a design of a new plane it will fly bas veranairi fuliT ver iyidi. rwmena da mondomeba ge eventually – you can’t buy such feeling of mateba, ginda ufro mets miaRwio momavalSi. aeronavtika being content. Your trust and enthusiasm Zalian stresuli saqmea, Sen adamianebis sicocxleze increases, you want to achieve more in the future. Aeronautics is a very stressful work. ageb pasuxs, piloti, romelic 50 aTasi futis simaRleze You become responsible for lives. A pilot, dafrinavs, Tavs usafrTxod unda grZnobdes. xolo, Tu who is flying at 50 000 feet, must be feeling es samgzavro TviTmfrinavia, maSin Sen asobiT adamianis safe, while if it is a passenger plane, you sicocxleze xar pasuxismgebeli. amitom, am saqmeSi ver become responsible for lives of thousands moityueb, ver ieSmakeb, 100 procentiT darwmunebuli of people. Therefore, you can’t cheat in this unda iyo, rom yvelaferi sworad gaakeTe. es Zalian rTu line of work, you can’t trick anyone, you lia, zogjer Rameebi ar gZinavs, arafers Wam, ar svam, must be 100 percent sure that you did ev- mxolod elodebi, rodis gafrindeba Sens mier Seqmnili erything right. This is very difficult. Sleep- mowyobiloba. da, roca warmatebiT gafrindeba, yvela less nights, no eating, no drinking, only sirTule gaviwydeba rac gadaitane“, _ es sityvebi ekuT- waiting for the time your creation will fly, vnis qarTvel aviakonstruqtors aleqsandre qarTvels and when it does so successfully you for- (qarTveliSvils), romelsac amerikuli samxedro aviaciis get all challenges that you went through”, erT-erT fuZemdebels uwodeben. – these are the words of Georgian aircraft constructor Alexander Kartveli (Kartvelishvili), who cnobebi aleqsandre qarTvelis cxovrebisa da moRvawe- is often referred to as one of the founders of obis Sesaxeb sabWoTa periodSi sruliad gasaidumloebu- Georgian military aviation. li iyo, amitom didi xnis manZilze qarTvelebma araferi icodnen TavianTi Tanamemamulis Sesaxeb. Information about life and work of Alexan- der Kartveliwas kept in secret during the Soviet 1960 wels, kolumbiis universitetis mkvlevarma kenet times and therefore, for a long time Georgians leiSma aleqsandre qarTvelTan Cawera interviu, sadac knew nothing about their fellow-countryman. aviatori gulaxdilad saubrobda Tavisi cxovrebisa da In 1960, Kenneth Leish, researcher of Colum- moRvaweobis Sesaxeb. es interviu garda imisa, rom ameri- bia University interviewed Alexander Kartveli. kuli samxedro aviaciis ganviTarebis Sesaxeb mniSvnelo- During the interview the aviator spoke openly van informacias Seicavs, Tavad aleqsandre qarTvelis about his life and work. In addition to the fact pirovnebis Sesaxebac bevr saintereso faqts gvawvdis. that the interview contains information important aleqsandre qarTveli 1896 wels daibada, swavlobda for the development of the US military aviation, it Tbilisis saTavadaznauro gimnaziaSi da pirveli msoflio also provides a number of interesting facts from omis dros ruseTis saimperatoro armiaSi msaxurobda. `me the life of Alexander Kartveli himself. 82 inteleqtarqivi IP ARCHIVE saartilerio oficeri viyavi, am dros aviaciis araferi gamegeboda. rodesac Cemma qveyanam damoukidebloba gamoacxada, me saqarTvelos armias SevuerTdi bolSe vikebis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi, magram Cven wavageT. iZule buli viyavi saqarTvelo dametovebina da safrangeTSi gavemgzavre. swored iq miviRe ganaTleba aviaciaSi~, _ ambobda aleqsandre qarTveli. qarTvelma icoda, rom momavalSi aviacia udides rols Seasrulebda samxedro saqmeSi, amitom am sferos Seswavla gadawyvita da parizis aviaciis umaRlesi skola daamTavra. swavlis periodSi aranair samuSaos ar erideboda, raTa saarsebo saxsrebi gamoemuSavebina, muSaobda akrobatad cirkSi da maTematikis maswavleblad. swavlis dasrulebis Semdeg ki ori diplomi miiRo _ aeronavtikis inJineriaSi Alexander Kartveli was born in 1986. He went da eleqtroinJineriaSi. karieris gagrZeleba aviaciaSi to Gymnasium for the nobility and served in Impe- arCia da pirveli nabijebic axalbeda aviakonstruqtorma rial Army of Russia. “I was an artillery officer, swored safrangeTSi gadadga. is cnobili frangi aviato- I knew nothing about aviation at that time. ris lui blerios kompaniaSi muSaobda, sadac monawileoba When my country declared independence, I miiRo TviTmfrinavebis “Bernard” და “Ferbois” SeqmnaSi. joined Georgian army in their battle against 1927 wels, cnobili amerikeli multimilioneris the Bolsheviks but we lost. I was forced to Carlz levinis miwveviT, aleqsandre qarTveli samuSaod leave the country. I left for France, the place SeerTebul StatebSi gadadis. levinis ocneba iyo iseTi where I received my education in aviation”, – says Alexander Kartveli. TviTmfrinavis Seqmna, romliTac atlantis okeanes gada- kveTda. mcire zomis oradgilian TviTmfrinavs, romelic He knew that aviation would play the greatest mTlianad liTonisgan iyo damzadebuli “Uncle Sam” role in military affairs and therefore, he decided to study it and graduated from the higher educa- uwodes. aleqsandre qarTvelis mier Seqmnili es safreni tion institute of aviation in Paris. While a student aparati erT-erTi pirvelia mTlianad metalisgan damza- he did everything to make a living – he worked debul TviTmfrinavebs Soris. as an acrobat in circus, as a math teacher. After aleqsandre qarTvelis cxovrebaSi rTuli periodi completing her studies he was awarded two diplo- daiwyo didi depresiis dros, roca aviaciisTvis aravis mas – one in aeronautics engineering and anoth- ecala. `bevri ubedureba gamovcade, rom Tavi gametana, er in electro-engineering. He decided to pursue magram mainc movaxerxe, radgan niu-iorkSi vcxovrobdi. career in aviation and the new aircraft constructor niu-iorki ki is qalaqia, sadac SimSiliT aravin kvdeba. made his very first steps in aviation in France. yovelTvis SeiZleba raime samsaxuris Sovna. ase, rom man He worked for a company of a renowned French qanebsac vrecxavdi, quCebsac vwmenddi da Tavi gamqonda~, aviator Louis Blériot, where he participated in _ ixsenebda aleqsandre qarTveli. construction of Bernard and Ferbois aircrafts. In 1927, having accepted the invitation of a fa- “F-105 thunderchief”-ze muSaobis procesi mous American multi-millionaire Charles Levine, Alexander Kartveli moved to the US for work. Working on F-105 thunderchief Levine dreamed of constructing an airplane that would cross the Atlantic Ocean. A small all-metal plane with only two seats was called Uncle Sam. The plane constructed by Alexander Kartveli was one of the first all-metal aircraft. Difficult times in Alexander Kartveli’s life started during the Great Depression when aviation was least of everyone’s concern. “I went through so much trouble to make a living but I did it, as I lived in New York. New York is the city where no one dies of hunger. You can always find a job there. So I started washing cars, cleaning streets and made a living”, – recollected Alexander Kartveli. After several months he started working in a company Fokker Aircraft in New Jersey, where he was offered a good position and a salary. He was in constant search and managed to receive con- sent by the company’s management to develop 83 inteleqtarqivi IP ARCHIVE

ramdenime TveSi aleqsandre qarTvelma daiwyo muSaoba `kargi aviakonstruqtori unda iyos inJineri, maTema- niu-jersiSi kompaniaSi “Fokker Aircraft”, sadac mas kargi tikosi da meocnebe~, _ ambobda aleqsandre qarTveli. Tanamdeboba da xelfasi SesTavazes. mudmiv ZiebaSi iyo da “A good aircraft constructor must be an engineer, mathematician and a dreamer”, – says Alexander Kartveli. kompaniis xelmRvaneloba mTlianad liTonisgan Seqmnili TviTmfrinavis gakeTebaze daiTanxma. samxedro-sahaero an all-metal aircraft. Innovations were treated ZalebSi frTxilad epyrobodnen inovaciebs, Tumca, mxars with extra caution in military aviation but they uWerdnen eqsperimentebs da yuradRebiT akvirdebodnen supported experiments and observed them care- maT. eqsperimentma gaamarTla, TviTmfrinavma warmatebiT fully. The experiment was successful. The plain gaiara gamocda da is SeerTebuli Statebis samxedro avia- was successfully tested and handed over to the cias gadaeca. US military aviation. 1931 wels qarTveli saaviacio saqmis meore cnobil in- In 1931 he met another famous engineer of aviation Alexander Seversky. There was one Rus- Jiners aleqsandre severskis Sexvda. “Seversky Aircraft sian constructor working at Seversky Aircraft Corporation” -Si kidev erTi erovnebiT rusi konstruq- Corporation. The three colleagues combined their tori muSaobda. samma kolegam ideebi gaaerTiana da axal ideas and started working on new projects. De- proeqtebze daiwyo muSaoba. didi depresiis Semdgomi fi- spite financial hardships followed by the Great nansuri siduxWiris miuxedavad, kompaniam mainc SeZlo Depression, the company was able to develop a axali TviTmfrinavis “Seversky Amphibian”-is Seqmna da new aircraft Seversky Amphibian and received its pirveli SekveTac miiRo _ TviTmfrinavi kolumbiaSi gai first order – the aircraft was sold in Columbia. yida. amis Semdeg, kompaniam SekveTebi aSS-s samxedro-saha After this fact the company received orders from ero Zalebisganac miiRo. the US military aviation forces. “Seversky Aircraft Corporation”-Si Seqmnilma Semd- Projects realized in Seversky Aircraft Corpo- gomma proeqtebma aleqsandre qarTveli msoflios wamy- ration turned Alexander Kartveli into one of the leading aviation constructors throughout the van konstruqtorTa rigebSi Caayena. am periodSi Seqmnili world. Famous aircrafts developed at that time in- “P-35” “SEV-3”, cnobili TviTmfrinavebia da romlebmac clude “P-35” and “SEV-3” that established a world 1936 wels siCqaris msoflio rekordebi daamyares. speed record. 1938 wlidan aleqsandre severski prezidentis Tanamde- In 1938 Alexander Sversky resigned from his bobidan gadadga, kompanias ki Seucvales saxeli da daar- position as a president. The company was re- qves “Republic Aviation Corporation”, romlis vice-prezi- named to the Republic Aviation Corporation and denti da mTavari inJineric aleqsandre qarTveli gaxda. Alexander Kartveli became its Vice-President as meore msoflio omis dasawyisisTvis “Republic Avia- well as lead engineer. 84 inteleqtarqivi IP ARCHIVE tion Corporation”-ma amerikis samxedro-sahaero kor- pusTan daiwyo TanamSromloba. saxelmwifom kompanias 56 milion dolariani kontraqti gauforma “P-35”-is gaumjobesebuli versiis Sesaqmnelad. 1940 wlis seqtemberSi, ohaioSi gamarTul Sexvedraze mTavrobis warmomadgenlebma axali moTxovnebi wamoa yenes da aleqsandre qarTvels axali TviTmfrinavis Seqmna sTxoves. aleqsandrem, romelic yovelTvis Tan atarebda fanqarsa da ubis wignaks, maSinve daiwyo TviT- mfrinavis eskizis Seqmna. es iyo cnobili bombdamSeni “P- 47 Thunderbolt” . “A-10 Thunderbolt” 1940 weli kompaniisTvis didi warmatebis weli iyo _ A-10 Thunderbolt gaizarda TanamSromelTa raodenoba da qarxnis moculoba. aleqsandre qarTveli gunduri muSaobis princips afasebda, man Tavis irgvliv im droisaTvis saukeTeso At the start of the World War II, the Repub- specialistebi Semoikriba. 1940 wels qarTveli muSaob lic Aviation Corporation started cooperation with da TviTmfrinavze “P-47”-ze, romelmac udidesi kvali the US military aviation corps based on a contract datova samxedro aviaciis istoriaSi. meore msoflio worth USD 5 million to create an improved ver- omis dros am TviTmfrinavebiT 54600 sabrZolo opera- sion of “P-35”. cia ganxorcielda, romlis drosac gaanadgures da daa- In September 1940 during a meeting in Ohio, zianes mtris 12 000-mde TviTmfrinavi, 86 000 manqana, 6000 Government officials presented their new de- tanki da javSanmanqana. 1945 wlamde kompaniam “Republic mands for development of a new aircraft. Alexan- Aviation Corporation” gamouSva 16000 “Thunderbolt” da der, who always had a pencil and a notebook with sabrZolo TviTmfrinavebis udidesi mwarmoebeli gaxda him, started sketching an aircraft. This was the msoflioSi. famous fighter aircraftP-47 Thunderbolt. mogvianebiT, gaaumjobeses TviTmfrinavebis siCqare 1940 was the year of success for the company – number of employees increased, so did the vol- da “Thunderbolt”-ma propelerian TviTmfrinavebs So- ume of the factory. Alexander Kartveli respected ris rekorduli siCqare _ saaTSi 506 mili ganaviTa- teamwork. He surrounded himself with the best ra. aleqsandre qarTveli amayobda am TviTmfrinaviT, specialists of that time. In 1940 they started araerTma pilotma mas madlobac gadauxada, radgan omis working on P-47 which left the greatest trace in dros “Thunderbolt” yvelaze sando TviTmfrinavi iyo, the history of military aviation. 54600 military op- romelsac SeeZlo dazianebuli frTiTac usafrTxod erations were conducted by these aircrafts during daesva piloti miwaze. the World War II, destroying and damaging up to 12 000 aircrafts of the enemy, 86 000 vehicles, 6000 tanks and armored vehicles. By 1945 the Republic Aviation Corporation had produced 16 000 Thunderbolts and became major producer of fighting aircrafts throughout the world. Later it improved speed of the aircrafts and Thunderbolt was able to develop a record speed at 506 miles per hour among the propeller aircrafts. Alexander Kartveli was proud of the aircraft; many pilots thanked him as Thunderbolt was the most reliable aircraft that could safely land even with a damaged wing. Following the war Alexander Kartveli created many fighting aircrafts. Each model was better than the previous and improved. The Republic Aviation Corporation also started producing turbojet fighter-bombers F-84 Thunderjet that flew at 600 miles per hour. At the same time, Aleksan- dre Kartveli considered as his main achievement

TviTmfrinavi “F-84 Thunderjet” saaTSi 600 milis siCqares aviTarebda. Turbojet F-84 Thunderjet flew at 600 miles per hour.

85 inteleqtarqivi IP ARCHIVE

omis Semdgom periodSi aleqsandre qarTvelma aleqsandre qarTvelis mier Seqmnili TviTmfrinavebi araerTi sabrZolo TviTmfrinavi Seqmna. yovel Aircrafts created by Alexander Kartveli jerze axali, gaumjobesebuli variantebi iqmneboda. “Republic Aviation Corporation”-ma, bombdamSenebis passenger liner Rainbowthat was well ahead of time. It kvaldakval, axali moieriSe TviTmfrinavis gamoS- was the only aircraft that could develop the speed of veba daiwyo. pirvel rigSi, es iyo TviTmfrinavi “F- 450 miles an hour. This Trans-Atlantic airplane that flew 84 Thunderjet”, romelic saaTSi 600 mil siCqares from New York to Europe was produced total of 26. 20 aviTarebda. amis paralelurad, am periodis mTa- of these liners were bought by American Airlines and var miRwevad aleqsandre qarTvels samgzavro lai- six by Pan-American. Due to the financial hardships the neris “Rainbow”-s Seqmna miaCnda, romelic dros company could not continue its work, which Alexander uswrebda. im periodisTvis mxolod mas SeeZlo Kartveli regretted throughout his lifetime. “This was saaTSi 450 milis siCqariT efrina. es transatlan- the greatest tragedy in my life as if we continued tikuri avialaineri, romelic niu-iorkidan evro- our work in this direction, we would have been paSi dafrinavda, sul 26 gamouSves. 20 aviakompania able to build bigger bombers or Trans-Atlantic liners but we missed the opportunity”, – said the “American Airlines”-ma iyida, xolo 6 aviakompania aviator with regret. “Pan-American”-ma. magram, finansuri sirTuleebis gamo, am saqmis gagrZeleba kompaniam ver SeZlo, ra- The company continued production of military aircrafts. The Republic Aviation Corporation produced first sac mTeli cxovreba Zalian nanobda aleqsandre qar supersonic attack aircraft. The most successful out of Tveli. `es udidesi tragedia iyo Cems cxovrebaSi, these models was F-105, a fighter bomber whose speed radgan, Tu am mimarTulebiT muSaobas gavagrZeleb exceeded the speed of sound two times. The aircraft diT, momavalSi didi bombdamSenebis da transat was actively tested by the US military air forces during lantikuri avialainerebis aSenebas SevZlebdiT, the war in Vietnam. magram es SesaZlebloba Cven xelidan gavuSviT~, _ Almost all of the models and designs created by ambobda aviatori sinanuliT. the Georgian aircraft engineer are protected in the US 86 inteleqtarqivi IP ARCHIVE

kompaniam kvlav samxedro TviTmfrinavebis gamoSveba gaagrZela. 50-ian wlebSi “Republic Avia- tion Corporation”-ma pirveli moieriSe TviTmfri- navi gamouSva, romelic zebgeriT siCqares aviTa- rebda. aseT modelebs Soris yvelaze warmatebuli “F-105” gamodga, moieriSe-bombdamSeni, romlis siCqare bgeris siCqares 2-jer aRemateboda. es TviT- mfrinavi aSS-s samxedro-sahaero Zalebma aqtiurad gamoscades vietnamis omSi. qarTveli aviakonstruqtoris mier Seqmnili praqtikulad yvela modeli da dizaini daculia amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis patentebisa da sasaqonlo niSnebis ofisSi. amerikaSi aleqsandre qar Tvelis 30-mde sxvadasxva tipis samxedro TviTmfri- navis modelia registrirebuli. aviakonstruqtoris azriT, TviTmfrinavi auci leblad unda yofiliyo vizualurad mimzidveli. ambobda, rom garegnuli mxare da aerodinamikuri daxvewiloba Tanabrad unda yofiliyo warmodgenili, radgan mxolod aseTi TviTmfrinavebi gaxdebo- `P-47~-is warmoeba da warmatebuli. mas xSirad uxdeboda Tavisi ideebi- Production of P-47 saTvis brZola, radgan garegnuli eleganturoba da daxvewiloba ufro met Tanxebs moiTxovda, magram Patents and Trademarks Office. 30 different models of aleqsandre qarTveli arasdros midioda kompro- military aircrafts designed by Alexander Kartveli are misebze. now registered in the US. rodesac hkiTxes, riT amayobda yvelaze metad He believed that an aircraft should have a visual at- cxovrebaSi, an hqonda Tu ara iseTi wuTebi, roca tractiveness. He used to say that appearance and aero- namdvilad grZnobda kmayofilebas, man upasuxa: `ra dynamic sophistication should be equally displayed by Tqma unda, aseTi wuTebi bevri yofila. magaliTad, an aircraft, as these were the only types of aircrafts that were bound to be successful. He often had to fight “P-47”-iT Zalian vamayob, radgan mciredi wvlili for his ideas, as elegance and sophistication required much more funding but Alexander Kartveli never com- promised. When he was asked what he was most proud of in his life and whether he had experienced moments when he was really satisfied, he responded: “of course, there were many of such moments. For example, I am very proud of P-47 as it is my smallest contribu- tion to winning the war. I was also very happy when I was working on passenger planes. I was hoping to make even better passenger aircraft liners. I strongly believe that it is the noble goal of aviation to make people’s lives easier, bring countries closer to each other and promote their friendships. When I am doing such work I feel that I am doing something good for the humanity. One should certainly care for the development of military aviation; otherwise, one day some stranger will come and instruct you what to do in your own country; on the other hand, working on fighter aircrafts is very depressing. Therefore,

miRebuli hqonda aSS-s mecnierebis erovnuli medali, arCeuli iyo aSS-s sainJinro akademiis sapatio wevrad. He was awarded the US national medal for sciences and was elected as a honorary member of the US Engineer Academy. 87 inteleqtarqivi IP ARCHIVE

mec mimiZRvis omis mogebaSi. aseve, Zalian bed nie��ri viyavi, roca satransporto TviTmfrinave bze vmuSaobdi, imedi mqonda, rom ukeTes samgzavro lainerebsac gavakeTebdiT. me Rrmad mwams, rom aviaciis keTilSobiluri mizani aris adamianebis Tvis cxovrebis gaadvileba, qveynebis kidev ufro damegobreba da daaxloeba. roca aseT samuSaos vas ruleb, vgrZnob, rom kacobriobisTvis sikeTe mo maqvs. ra Tqma unda, samxedro aviaciis ganviTarebaze unda izruno, Tu ar ginda, rom erT dRes viRac gadamTieli mogadges da gikarnaxos Sens qveyanaSi ra da rogor gaakeTo. magram, meore mxriv,mudmivad aviagamanadgureblebze muSaoba, damTrgunvelia. amitom, me mjera, rom aviaciis momavali mis keTil Sobilur miznebSia, misi gaumjobeseba kacobriobis amerikaSi qarTvelis 30-mde sxvadasxva tipis samxedro TviTmfrinavis modelia registrirebuli. keTildReobas unda emsaxurebodes.“ 30 different models of military aircrafts designed by profesiul wreebsa da kompaniaSi is `mister qar Alexander Kartveli are now registered in the US. Tveli~ iyo, megobrebi ki saSas eZaxdnen. mas miRebu- li hqonda aSS-s mecnierebis erovnuli medali da ar- Ceuli iyo aSS-s sainJinro akademiis sapatio wevrad, I believe that the future of aviation is in its noble aseve, iyo templisa da bruklinis universitetebis goals, its improvement should serve purpose of sapatio doqtoric. securing welfare for the humanity.” Tavisufal dros, rac arc ise bevri iyo mis In professional circles and the company he was ad- dressed as Mr. Kartveli, while his friends called him cxovrebaSi, saxlSi atarebda. megobrebi ixsenebdnen, Sasha. He was awarded the US national medal for sci- rom aseT dros is xSirad mReroda qarTul sim- ences and was elected as an honorary member of the Rerebs, agrovebda komiqsebis Jurnalebs, sadac kos- US Engineer Academy. He was also an honorary doctor mosuri xomaldebis Sesaxeb fantastikur naxatebs of Temple and Brooklyn universities. beWdavdnen. aleqsandre qarTveli gansacvifrebeli He spent his free time, which he did not have much, mexsierebiT gamoirCeoda, man icoda xuTi ena, maT So- at home. His friends recall that he used to sing Geor- ris laTinuric. gonebaSi urTulesi maTematikuri gian songs, collected comic books with fantasy draw- amocanebis gamoyvana SeeZlo, zepirad icoda `vef ings about cosmic aircrafts. Alexander Kartveli had an xistyaosani~. hyavda meuRle _ jin robinsi, romelic amazing memory. He spoke five languages, including mSvenivrad erkveoda aeronavtikaSi. daqorwinebamde Latin and was able to find solution to the most- diffi ramdenime weli jini kompaniaSi aleqsandres pirad cult mathematic problems in his mind. He knew Knight mdivnad muSaobda. aleqsandre qarTveli meuRles- in the Panther’s Skin by heart. Her spouse Jean Rob- Tan erTad niu-iorkSi cxovrobda, sadac gardaic ins was very knowledgeable about aeronautics. Before getting married Jean worked at the company as Alex- vala kidec 1974 wels. samwuxarod, mas STamomavlebi ander’s personal assistant. Alexander Kartveli lived in ar darCenia. New York with his wife and there he died in 1974, with- `kargi aviakonstruqtori unda iyos inJineri, out leaving an offspring. maTematikosi da meocnebe. mas moTminebac unda “A good aircraft constructor must be an engi- hqondes da fantaziac. unda icodes rodis SeCerdes neer, mathematician and a dreamer. He should da yovelTvis Seswevdes Zala, rom win wavides~, _ am- also have a patience and fantasy. He must know bobda aleqsandre qarTveli. when to stop and must always be able to move imisTvis, rom aleqsandre qarTvelis Sesaxeb forward”, – said Alexander Kartveli. saqarTvelom da msofliom meti gaigos, qarTulma In order to spread more information about Alexan- mxarem, aSS-s mxardaWeriT, moamzada proeqti `ale- der Kartveli in Georgia and the world, the Georgian side qsandre qarTveliSvili da aSS-s samxedro aviacia~. with the US support has prepared a project entitled Alexander Kartvelishvili and the US Military Aviation. In proeqtis farglebSi, dagegmilia legendarul avia- the framework of the project it is planned to produce torze mxatvrul-dokumenturi filmis gadaReba a documentary-fiction film about the legendary aviator da inglisur-qarTul enebze wignis gamocema. saqa- and publish a book in Georgian and English languages. rTveloSi ki unda gaixsnas aleqsandre qarTvelis Alexander Kartveli’s museum will be opened in Georgia muzeumi, romlis mTavari eqsponati mis mier Seqm- with one of the planes created by him as a main exhibit, nili erT-erTi TviTmfrinavi iqneba. TviTmfrinavs which the US side will present to the Georgian side as amerikis mxare saqarTvelos saCuqrad gadascems. a gift.

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