Andrew Viterbi Inventedinvented Anan Algorithmalgorithm Thatthat Transformedtransformed Wireless Communications
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THE MAGAZINE OF TECHNOLOGY INSIDERS 5.10 ALGORITHM ARTIST ANDREW VITERBI INVENTEDINVENTED ANAN ALGORITHMALGORITHM THATTHAT TRANSFORMEDTRANSFORMED WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS. THEN HE COFOUNDED QUALCOMM. SOMETIMES, NICE GUYS DO FINISH FIRST P L U S WIRELESS POWER DIY MOSQUITO KILLER PICO PROJECTORS U.S.A $3.99 $4.99 CANADA UNTILDISPLAY 3 JUNE 2010 SPECTRUM.IEEE.ORG 5.10.Cover.4.indd 1 4/13/10 12:04 PM 150,000+ PRODUCT DATASHEETS COMMUNITY OF 10,000+ PROFESSIONALS EXPERT REVIEWS AND DISCUSSIONS UP-TO-THE-MINUTE REGULATORY PAPERS LEADING DESIGN TOOLS FAST ONLINE PURCHASING FINALLY. DESIGN INTELLIGENCE TO MATCH YOURS. Introducing element14: the collaborative online workspace for electronics design engineers. We’ve converged the best products, a wealth of technical data, and the brightest minds into a singularly powerful community portal. Our mission is simple. To arm engineers with the most useful asset of all—information. And that means you’ll be able to research, design and purchase more effectively. Put intelligence to work for you at element-14.com © 2010 element14, a trademark of Premier Corp. Farnell 05a.Cov2.NA.indd 2 4/9/10 1:59 PM IEEEspectrum.indd 2-3 3/20/10 1:57 PM 150,000+ PRODUCT DATASHEETS COMMUNITY OF 10,000+ PROFESSIONALS EXPERT REVIEWS AND DISCUSSIONS UP-TO-THE-MINUTE REGULATORY PAPERS LEADING DESIGN TOOLS FAST ONLINE PURCHASING FINALLY. DESIGN INTELLIGENCE TO MATCH YOURS. Introducing element14: the collaborative online workspace for electronics design engineers. We’ve converged the best products, a wealth of technical data, and the brightest minds into a singularly powerful community portal. Our mission is simple. To arm engineers with the most useful asset of all—information. And that means you’ll be able to research, design and purchase more effectively. Put intelligence to work for you at element-14.com © 2010 element14, a trademark of Premier Corp. Farnell 05a.Cov2.NA.indd 1 4/9/10 1:59 PM IEEEspectrum.indd 2-3 3/20/10 1:57 PM 336 Volts of Green Engineering MEASURE IT – FIX IT Developing a commercially viable fuel cell vehicle has been a significant challenge because of the considerable expense of designing and testing each new concept. With NI LabVIEW graphical programming and NI CompactRIO hardware, Ford quickly prototyped fuel cell control unit iterations, resulting in the world’s first fuel cell plug-in hybrid. MEASURE IT FIX IT Acquire Analyze Present Design Prototype Deploy Acquire and Analyze and Present data Design optimized Prototype designs Deploy to the measure data extract information with HMIs, Web control algorithms on ready-to-run hardware platform from any sensor with signal interfaces, and systems hardware you choose or signal processing and reports Ford is just one of many customers using the NI graphical system design platform to improve the world around them. Engineers and scientists in virtually every industry are creating new ways to measure and fix industrial machines and processes so they can do their jobs better and more efficiently. And, along the way, they are creating innovative solutions to address some of today’s most pressing environmental issues. >> Download the Ford technical case study at ni.com/336 800 258 7018 ©2009 National Instruments. All rights reserved. CompactRIO, LabVIEW, National Instruments, NI, and ni.com are trademarks of National Instruments. Other product and company names listed are trademarks or trade names of their respective companies. 2009 0835 035 reen Enineerin rd.indd 1 12/15/0 3:2:03 PM 05a.p2.NA.indd 2 4/9/10 1:44 PM volume 47 number 5 north american 5 .10 UPDATE 13 THE LASER TURNS 50—a fine excuse for reviewing the many records this pivotal technology has set. By Neil Savage 14 MODULAR NUKE PLANTS 16 TECH IN SIGHT: MOVING PEOPLE 18 BATTERIES GO WITH THE FLOW 19 LIGHT AT THE END OF THE CHIP 19 FETCHING A PIECE OF HEAVEN 20 THE BIG PICTURE A robot vends Volkswagen vehicles. 28 OPINION 10 SPECTRAL LINES Google’s troubles in China show why the Internet must oer both security and liberty. By Rebecca MacKinnon 12 FORUM A Corvette enthusiast finds his dream job; another reader touts engineering as a dream job for women. 27 REFLECTIONS Being a present-ist is a lot tougher than being a futurist. By Robert W. Lucky DEPARTMENTS 6 BACK STORY Nikola Tesla’s old wireless-power lab didn’t die, but it is fading away. 8 CONTRIBUTORS 46 34 TOOLS & TOYS BUG COVER STORY 22 Store photos and other files on BARBECUE: your own personal data cloud. Mosquitoes’ By Harry Teasley tiny brains are 46 ANDREW VITERBI’S 23 NeuroSky’s headsets may soon no match for allow you to control more than just our high-tech FABULOUS FORMULA electric carts with brain waves. weaponry This soft-spoken IEEE Medal of Honor winner crafted an algorithm By Susan Karlin [top left]; for picking out signals from noise—and made a fortune along the way. electrical 24 EDUCATION power can flow By Tekla S. Perry MIT has a new program that’s giving even without student engineers the street smarts wires [right] ; 28 BACKYARD STAR WARS they lack. By Susan Karlin Andrew Viterbi’s Lasers haven’t yet been able to shoot swarms of missiles out of the 25 CAREERS life is a modern- sky, but they sure can zap mosquitoes. By Jordin Kare For women, leadership roles in day Horatio engineering can be isolating. Alger story. 34 ELECTRONS UNPLUGGED By Prachi Patel COVER: Sending useful amounts of electrical power through the air using 26 BOOKS PHOTO: BRAD SWONETZ magnetic induction is tricky. But that hasn’t stopped people from Two new biographies look at troubled THIS PAGE, CLOCKWISE geniuses. Review by Mark Anderson FROM RIGHT: HOL LY LINDEM, BRAD SWONETZ, trying. By David Schneider JUDE BUFFUM 60 THE DATA 40 LITTLE GIZMO, BIG PICTURE Some countries spend a lot more than others on information and Soon even handheld devices will contain tiny digital projectors, entertainment—and not just because allowing us to view big pictures on the go. By Jacques Lincoln they’re richer. By Dana Mackenzie SPECTRUM.IEEE.ORG SPECTRUM.IEEE.ORG MAY 2010 • IEEE S PECTRUM • NA 3 05.Contents.NA.indd 3 4/15/10 1:44 PM 80% of product ideas never make it to market. Let multiphysics simulation bring your designs to life. With Comsol Multiphysics® you are empowered to build the simulations that accurately replicate the important Get a free Proceedings CD characteristics of your designs. The key is the ability to containing over 350 published include all physical effects that exist in the real world. This simulation projects at: comsol.com/conference /cd multiphysics approach delivers results — tangible results that save precious development time and spark innovation. © 2010 COMSOL, INC. COMSOL, COMSOL MULTIPHYSICS, COMSOL REACTION ENGINEERING LAB, AND FEMLAB ARE REGISTERED TRADEMARKS OF COMSOL AB. 05a.p4.NA.indd 4 4/9/10 1:36 PM volume 47 number 5 north american 5.10 TECH INSIDER WEBINARS Check out all webinars, including these below, at spectrum.ieee.org/webinar ONLINE WEBINARS & RESOURCES I Build a Better Prototype Sponsored by National Instruments I From Smart to Brilliant: Understanding 2-D Bar Codes Sponsored by Motorola I Model-Based Design and HIL Testing for Mechatronic Systems Sponsored by Maplesoft I Multiphysics Simulations for Low and High Frequency Electromagnetics Sponsored by Comsol I Calibre DRC Automated Waiver Technology Sponsored by Mentor Graphics I Design Resource Library by Texas Instruments: http://spectrum.ieee. org/static/ti-resource-library I Resource Library by Maxim: http://spectrum.ieee.org/static/ maxim-resource-library IEEE.ORG/ TEMPLE OF SPECTRUM.IEEE.ORG THEINSTITUTE THE SUN: The AVAILABLE 6 MAY radical design AVAILABLE 1 MAY STANDARDS FOR of Abengoa RENEWABLES ON THE RADIO Solar rises near CLOUD COMPUTING Everyone’s heard of solar panels and wind turbines. But it’s becoming Seville, Spain. As cloud computing gains in popularity, more practical to harness other powers of nature. IEEE Spectrum and the PHOTOS: TOP: PAUL the need for standards to keep it secure LANGROCK/ZENIT/ U.S. National Science Foundation have produced a radio program with LAIF/REDUX; BOTTOM: has grown. That’s why IEEE and the ARMAND VENEZIANO reports from across the globe on such topics as using sensors to create Cloud Security Alliance recently joined an energy Internet, storing the energy in sunlight as heat in a liquid or gas, forces to ensure that best practices and making biodiesel from algae, and turning used cooking oil into fuel for driving. standards are developed to provide Start listening at http://spectrum.ieee.org/energyshow. security assurance for cloud computing. MEMBERS HELP HAITI In the aftermath of the devastating ONLINE FEATURE earthquake in Haiti, IEEE members have been lending a helping hand. BLAST FROM THE PAST Read their stories. AVAILABLE 1 MAY TIPS FOR WOMEN WORKING IEEE Spectrum editors dug IN MALE-DOMINATED INDUSTRIES through the archive to find Roxanne Rivera, author of the new the best cover images in the book There’s No Crying in Business, magazine’s history. Take a tour shares her lessons for succeeding through the online slideshow in male-dominated businesses in at http://spectrum.ieee.org/ the webinar “There Is No Crying in coverslideshow and then Business: How Women Can Succeed Contains over 25% Renewable Resources discuss your favorites. in Male-Dominated Industries.” IEEE SPECTRUM (ISSN 0018-9235) is published monthly by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. All rights reserved. © 2010 by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., 3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, U.S.A. The editorial content of IEEE Spectrum magazine does not represent oªcial positions of the IEEE or its organizational units.